Installation and analysis method of high slope surface deformation monitoring equipment based on magnetic grid sensing principle

Abstract

The invention discloses an installation and analysis method of high slope surface deformation monitoring equipment based on a magnetic grid sensing principle, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the high-precision and continuous monitoring of the deformation of the surface of a slope through a magnetic grid type pull rope displacement sensor, obtaining a displacement change vector field of the surface of the whole slope through the processing and analysis of the monitoring data, and carrying out the installation and analysis of the deformation of the surface of the slope. The deformation field of the whole monitoring area is calculated, based on the result of continuous monitoring and data analysis, the instability criterion for slope surface deformation is provided, and detailed instability risk assessment is carried out. According to the invention, manual intervention can be effectively reduced, interference of external environmental factors is eliminated, and continuous and high-precision monitoring of slope surface deformation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention, and in particular to an installation and analysis method of a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on a magnetic grating sensing principle. Background Art

[0002] Slope surface deformation monitoring is one of the key links in geological disaster prevention and control. Slope deformation is usually an early signal of potential instability, so real-time understanding of slope surface deformation is crucial to prevent disasters. However, existing slope surface deformation monitoring technologies are often restricted by environmental factors in practical applications, making it difficult to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring.

[0003] Traditional slope monitoring equipment is easily disturbed by external factors when facing complex terrain and harsh environments (such as high temperature, low temperature, wind and sand, rainfall, etc.), resulting in inaccurate monitoring data or equipment damage. In addition, due to equipment maintenance or power supply problems, many monitoring methods are unable to conduct long-term and continuous monitoring, which may miss key data points of slope deformation and affect the timeliness of early warning. Some slope monitoring equipment is cumbersome to install and requires regular maintenance or calibration, which not only increases the cost of use, but may also cause monitoring data interruptions due to untimely maintenance. In addition, existing monitoring methods have delays in data acquisition and transmission, and cannot achieve real-time monitoring and instant analysis, making it difficult to make timely judgments on the deformation trend of the slope.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for installing and analyzing a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on a magnetic grating sensing principle, which can continuously and accurately obtain the deformation law and deformation trend of the slope surface. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides an installation and analysis method for a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on a magnetic grating sensing principle, which can continuously and accurately obtain the deformation law and deformation trend of the slope surface.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an installation of a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle. The specific steps of installing the monitoring device are as follows:

[0007] Step 1. Arrangement of monitoring points and fixed points: Select several monitoring points and fixed points within the monitoring range of the slope. The monitoring points are set in the key areas where displacement occurs, and the fixed points should be selected in relatively stable areas that are not prone to deformation. At least three fixed points are set around each monitoring point. For each monitoring point and fixed point, its three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) must be accurately measured and recorded, where x represents the horizontal direction along the slope, y represents the vertical direction along the slope, and z represents the elevation of the point;

[0008] Step 2: Drilling and piling: Drill holes at the monitoring points and fixed points, and drive monitoring piles and fixed piles. These piles will serve as the base points of the sensors. After the drilling is completed, backfill with concrete or cement mortar.

[0009] Step 3: Installation of magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors: 3-4 magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors are installed on each monitoring pile. Each sensor is connected to the surrounding fixed points through a pull rope. Through this layout, an interconnected pull-rope network is formed, which can capture the displacement coordinate changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, and then reflect the deformation of the entire slope;

[0010] Step 4. Construction of the surface monitoring network system: According to steps 1 to 3, all monitoring points and fixed points are connected through rope displacement sensors to form a complete slope surface monitoring network, covering the entire slope monitoring area. The relative displacement changes between the monitoring points reflect the local and overall slope surface deformation behavior.

[0011] A method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle, the analysis method includes monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis and slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps of monitoring data collection and transmission are as follows:

[0013] Step 1: divide all installed magnetic grating type pull-wire displacement sensors in the monitoring area into zones, connect the magnetic grating type pull-wire sensors in each zone in series through cables, and then connect them to each data acquisition instrument;

[0014] Step 2: The data collector is connected to the cloud server via a wireless network, and the data is uploaded to the cloud in real time. The deformation monitoring data at each moment is obtained through the analysis software on the cloud server;

[0015] Step 3: Complete data transmission through data acquisition instrument, IoT gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center and mobile phone.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: Initial state benchmark record: After completing the installation of the monitoring system, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point, and record the initial coordinates of the kth point, recorded as (x k0 ,y k0 ,z k0 ), at the same time, measure and record the initial length of the rope between the two points, recorded as l i0 , where i is the rope connected to node k (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). These initial data will serve as the basis for subsequent deformation calculations;

[0018] Step 2: Establishment of GNSS reference point: Set a GNSS reference point a in the monitoring area, with the initial coordinates (x a0 ,y a0 ,z a0 ), the coordinate transformation of all monitoring points and fixed points is based on the coordinates of the GNSS reference point a, and the relative displacement changes of each point in the real monitoring area are obtained. In addition, a stable reference point b is selected outside the monitoring range and regarded as a fixed point. The second GNSS device is installed, and its coordinates are (x b ,y b ,z b ), and obtain the absolute position change of each point in the monitoring area through the relative displacement between the two GNSS points;

[0019] Step 3: Real-time data collection and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetic grating type pull rope displacement sensor will record the change in the length of each pull rope Δl in real time. i , through these changes, the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes is obtained, where the change length of each pull rope is the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes. The measured values ​​of each magnetic grating pull rope displacement sensor are collected at time t to obtain the displacement change of each pull rope within Δt time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, recorded as Δl1(t), Δl2(t), Δl3(t), ..., Δl n (t), where n is the number of ropes; Step 4, coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: According to the change in the length of each rope connected to node k within Δt time Δl i (t), combined with the relationship between geometric principles and trigonometric functions, the changes in the three directions of xyz in the three-dimensional coordinate system are known. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement change between two points in space can be calculated to obtain the new coordinates of node k at time t (x kt ,y kt ,z kt ), starting from the known change in the length of the rope and the initial position of each point, refer to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, and gradually calculate the displacement of each point relative to the initial position and the position coordinates of the movement. Through the known initial coordinates of each point in the deformation area, according to the deformation of the rope length, the initial coordinates are added or subtracted to obtain the new position coordinates. The known GNSS fixed point coordinates can be used as a reference. Taking the fixed point coordinates as the benchmark, the absolute change of the coordinates of each point in the deformation area is obtained;

[0020] Step 5: Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: The displacement vector of node k at time t is obtained by using the coordinate change value of node k obtained in step 4, that is, Similarly, the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area within a period of time are obtained. The slope is a continuum. According to the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, the deformation of other unmonitored points can be inferred through interpolation. That is, the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area is constructed through the known displacement data of each point. If the displacement data of each point is known, the deformation field cloud map is made through matlab or python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface;

[0021] Step 6: Deformation pattern recognition and trend analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the pattern and trend of slope deformation. By analyzing the time series data, the deformation field and vector field are obtained respectively, and the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section and convergence time of slope deformation, as well as the deformation type, are identified;

[0022] Step 7. Data storage and output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models and reports. The displacement vector cloud map and deformation distribution map generated by matlb or Python can provide intuitive monitoring results to assist in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific steps for slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment are as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Use the seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values ​​with the actual monitoring values, calibrate the mechanical parameters of the slope, and fine-tune the numerical simulation model. On this basis, use the calibrated numerical model to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, propose instability criteria suitable for slope surface deformation, analyze and identify the parts of the slope with weak anti-sliding stability and the instability failure mode, and finally complete the risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability.

[0025] The invention has the following advantages: the invention utilizes a magnetic grating type pull-rope displacement sensor to perform high-precision and continuous monitoring of the deformation of the slope surface. This sensor has the ability to adapt to complex and harsh environments and can maintain stable measurement accuracy under changing climatic conditions.

[0026] The present invention realizes automatic monitoring of slope surface deformation through magnetic grating sensors, reduces the necessity of manual intervention and operation, ensures the continuity and real-time nature of monitoring data, and can grasp the surface deformation of the slope in real time and discover potential dangers in time.

[0027] The present invention processes and analyzes the monitoring data to obtain the displacement change vector field of the entire slope surface and deduce the deformation field of the entire monitoring area.

[0028] The present invention can propose instability criteria for slope surface deformation and conduct detailed instability risk assessment, which not only provides a scientific basis for slope stability analysis, but also provides an important reference for safety management and decision-making of slope engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring data collection and transmission structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 The technical roadmap for slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is an implementation diagram of the slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention provides an installation method for a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on a magnetic grating sensing principle. The specific steps for installing the monitoring device are as follows:

[0034] Step 1. Arrangement of monitoring points and fixed points: Select several monitoring points and fixed points within the monitoring range of the slope. The monitoring points are set in the key areas where displacement occurs, and the fixed points should be selected in relatively stable areas that are not prone to deformation. At least three fixed points are set around each monitoring point. For each monitoring point and fixed point, its three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) must be accurately measured and recorded, where x represents the horizontal direction along the slope, y represents the vertical direction along the slope, and z represents the elevation of the point;

[0035] Step 2: Drilling and piling: Drill holes at the monitoring points and fixed points, and drive monitoring piles and fixed piles. These piles will serve as the base points of the sensors. After the drilling is completed, backfill with concrete or cement mortar.

[0036] Step 3: Installation of magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors: 3-4 magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors are installed on each monitoring pile. Each sensor is connected to the surrounding fixed points through a pull rope. Through this layout, an interconnected pull-rope network is formed, which can capture the displacement coordinate changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, and then reflect the deformation of the entire slope;

[0037] Step 4. Construction of the surface monitoring network system: According to steps 1 to 3, all monitoring points and fixed points are connected through rope displacement sensors to form a complete slope surface monitoring network, covering the entire slope monitoring area. The relative displacement changes between the monitoring points reflect the local and overall slope surface deformation behavior.

[0038] A method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle, the analysis method includes monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis and slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment.

[0039] In this embodiment, the specific steps of monitoring data collection and transmission are as follows:

[0040] Step 1: divide all installed magnetic grating type pull-wire displacement sensors in the monitoring area into zones, connect the magnetic grating type pull-wire sensors in each zone in series through cables, and then connect them to each data acquisition instrument;

[0041] Step 2: The data collector is connected to the cloud server via a wireless network, and the data is uploaded to the cloud in real time. The deformation monitoring data at each moment is obtained through the analysis software on the cloud server;

[0042] Step 3: Complete data transmission through data acquisition instrument, IoT gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center and mobile phone.

[0043] In this embodiment, the specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: Initial state benchmark record: After completing the installation of the monitoring system, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point, and record the initial coordinates of the kth point, recorded as (x k0 ,y k0 ,z k0 ), at the same time, measure and record the initial length of the rope between the two points, recorded as l i0 , where i is the rope connected to node k (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). These initial data will serve as the basis for subsequent deformation calculations;

[0045] Step 2: Establishment of GNSS reference point: Set a GNSS reference point a in the monitoring area, with the initial coordinates (x a0 ,y a0 ,z a0 ), the coordinate transformation of all monitoring points and fixed points is based on the coordinates of the GNSS reference point a, and the relative displacement changes of each point in the real monitoring area are obtained. In addition, a stable reference point b is selected outside the monitoring range and regarded as a fixed point. The second GNSS device is installed, and its coordinates are (x b ,y b ,z b ), and obtain the absolute position change of each point in the monitoring area through the relative displacement between the two GNSS points;

[0046] Step 3: Real-time data collection and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetic grating type pull rope displacement sensor will record the change in the length of each pull rope Δl in real time. i, through these changes, the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes is obtained, where the change length of each pull rope is the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes. The measured values ​​of each magnetic grating pull rope displacement sensor are collected at time t to obtain the displacement change of each pull rope within Δt time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, recorded as Δl1(t), Δl2(t), Δl3(t), ..., Δl n (t), where n is the number of ropes; Step 4, coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: According to the change in the length of each rope connected to node k within Δt time Δl i (t), combined with the relationship between geometric principles and trigonometric functions, the changes in the three directions of xyz in the three-dimensional coordinate system are known. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement change between two points in space can be calculated to obtain the new coordinates of node k at time t (x kt ,y kt ,z kt ), starting from the known change in the length of the rope and the initial position of each point, refer to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, and gradually calculate the displacement of each point relative to the initial position and the position coordinates of the movement. Through the known initial coordinates of each point in the deformation area, according to the deformation of the rope length, the initial coordinates are added or subtracted to obtain the new position coordinates. The known GNSS fixed point coordinates can be used as a reference. Taking the fixed point coordinates as the benchmark, the absolute change of the coordinates of each point in the deformation area is obtained;

[0047] Step 5: Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: The displacement vector of node k at time t is obtained by using the coordinate change value of node k obtained in step 4, that is, Similarly, the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area within a period of time are obtained. The slope is a continuum. According to the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, the deformation of other unmonitored points can be inferred through interpolation. That is, the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area is constructed through the known displacement data of each point. If the displacement data of each point is known, the deformation field cloud map is made through matlab or python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface;

[0048] Step 6: Deformation pattern recognition and trend analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the pattern and trend of slope deformation. By analyzing the time series data, the deformation field and vector field are obtained respectively, and the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section and convergence time of slope deformation, as well as the deformation type, are identified;

[0049] Step 7. Data storage and output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models and reports. The displacement vector cloud map and deformation distribution map generated by matlb or Python can provide intuitive monitoring results to assist in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

[0050] In this embodiment, the specific steps of slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment are as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Use the seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values ​​with the actual monitoring values, calibrate the mechanical parameters of the slope, and fine-tune the numerical simulation model. On this basis, use the calibrated numerical model to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, propose instability criteria suitable for slope surface deformation, analyze and identify the parts of the slope with weak anti-sliding stability and the instability failure mode, and finally complete the risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability.

[0052] In this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown in the figure, through numerical simulation, a two-dimensional slope model is constructed, and numerical inversion analysis is performed based on monitoring data to simulate the actual working conditions and reveal its shallow sliding instability mode.

[0053] Although the specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. Installation of a high slope surface deformation monitoring device based on the magnetic grating sensing principle, characterized in that: The specific steps for installing the monitoring equipment are as follows: Step 1. Arrangement of monitoring points and fixed points: Select several monitoring points and fixed points within the monitoring range of the slope. The monitoring points are set in the key areas where displacement occurs, and the fixed points should be selected in relatively stable areas that are not prone to deformation. At least three fixed points are set around each monitoring point. For each monitoring point and fixed point, its three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) must be accurately measured and recorded, where x represents the horizontal direction along the slope, y represents the vertical direction along the slope, and z represents the elevation of the point; Step 2: Drilling and piling: Drill holes at the monitoring points and fixed points, and drive monitoring piles and fixed piles. These piles will serve as the base points of the sensors. After the drilling is completed, backfill with concrete or cement mortar. Step 3: Installation of magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors: 3-4 magnetic grating pull-rope displacement sensors are installed on each monitoring pile. Each sensor is connected to the surrounding fixed points through a pull rope. Through this layout, an interconnected pull-rope network is formed, which can capture the displacement coordinate changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, and then reflect the deformation of the entire slope; Step 4. Construction of the surface monitoring network system: According to steps 1 to 3, all monitoring points and fixed points are connected through rope displacement sensors to form a complete slope surface monitoring network, covering the entire slope monitoring area. The relative displacement changes between the monitoring points reflect the local and overall slope surface deformation behavior.

2. A method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle, characterized in that: The analysis method includes monitoring data acquisition and transmission, monitoring data analysis and slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment.

3. The method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of monitoring data collection and transmission are as follows: Step 1: divide all installed magnetic grating type pull-wire displacement sensors in the monitoring area into zones, connect the magnetic grating type pull-wire sensors in each zone in series through cables, and then connect them to each data acquisition instrument; Step 2: The data collector is connected to the cloud server via a wireless network, and the data is uploaded to the cloud in real time. The deformation monitoring data at each moment is obtained through the analysis software on the cloud server; Step 3: Complete data transmission through data acquisition instrument, IoT gateway, 4G / 5G base station, cloud server, monitoring center and mobile phone.

4. The method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of monitoring data analysis are as follows: Step 1: Initial state benchmark record: After completing the installation of the monitoring system, first record the initial position coordinates of each monitoring point and fixed point, and record the initial coordinates of the kth point, recorded as (x k0 ,y k0 ,z k0 ), at the same time, measure and record the initial length of the rope between the two points, recorded as l i0 , where i is the rope connected to node k (i = 1, 2, 3, 4). These initial data will serve as the basis for subsequent deformation calculations; Step 2: Establishment of GNSS reference point: Set a GNSS reference point a in the monitoring area, with the initial coordinates (x a0 ,y a0 ,z a0 ), the coordinate transformation of all monitoring points and fixed points is based on the coordinates of the GNSS reference point a, and the relative displacement changes of each point in the real monitoring area are obtained. In addition, a stable reference point b is selected outside the monitoring range and regarded as a fixed point. The second GNSS device is installed, and its coordinates are (x b ,y b ,z b ), and obtain the absolute position change of each point in the monitoring area through the relative displacement between the two GNSS points; Step 3: Real-time data collection and processing: During the monitoring process, the magnetic grating type pull rope displacement sensor will record the change in the length of each pull rope Δl in real time. i , through these changes, the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes is obtained, where the change length of each pull rope is the relative displacement between the kth node and the adjacent 3-4 nodes. The measured values ​​of each magnetic grating pull rope displacement sensor are collected at time t to obtain the displacement change of each pull rope within Δt time. These displacement changes will form a set of continuous time series data on the time axis, recorded as Δl1(t), Δl2(t), Δl3(t), ..., Δl n (t), where n is the number of pull ropes; Step 4: Coordinate calculation and geometric relationship analysis: According to the change in the length of each rope connected to node k within the time Δt, Δl i (t), combined with the relationship between geometric principles and trigonometric functions, the changes in the three directions of xyz in the three-dimensional coordinate system are known. Using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement change between two points in space can be calculated to obtain the new coordinates of node k at time t (x kt ,y kt ,z kt ), starting from the known change in the length of the rope and the initial position of each point, refer to the GNSS absolute position coordinates, and gradually calculate the displacement of each point relative to the initial position and the position coordinates of the movement. Through the known initial coordinates of each point in the deformation area, according to the deformation of the rope length, the initial coordinates are added or subtracted to obtain the new position coordinates. The known GNSS fixed point coordinates can be used as a reference. Taking the fixed point coordinates as the benchmark, the absolute change of the coordinates of each point in the deformation area is obtained; Step 5: Overall deformation analysis and displacement vector field calculation: The displacement vector of node k at time t is obtained by using the coordinate change value of node k obtained in step 4, that is, Similarly, the displacement vectors of all monitoring points and fixed points in the monitoring area within a period of time are obtained. The slope is a continuum. According to the displacement changes of each monitoring point and fixed point, the deformation of other unmonitored points can be inferred through interpolation. That is, the surface deformation field of the entire slope monitoring area is constructed through the known displacement data of each point. If the displacement data of each point is known, the deformation field cloud map is made through matlab or python, thereby constructing the displacement vector field of the entire slope surface; Step 6: Deformation pattern recognition and trend analysis: Based on the displacement vector field, further analyze the pattern and trend of slope deformation. By analyzing the time series data, the deformation field and vector field are obtained respectively, and the acceleration section, stable section, deceleration section and convergence time of slope deformation, as well as the deformation type, are identified; Step 7. Data storage and output: The processed data should be output in the form of charts, models and reports. The displacement vector cloud map and deformation distribution map generated by matlb or Python can provide intuitive monitoring results to assist in formulating corresponding safety protection measures.

5. The method for analyzing high slope surface deformation based on magnetic grating sensing principle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of slope surface deformation and instability risk assessment are as follows: Step 1: Use the seepage-creep-damage coupling analysis method to dynamically track and invert the deformation process of the slope surface. By comparing the predicted values ​​with the actual monitoring values, calibrate the mechanical parameters of the slope, and fine-tune the numerical simulation model. On this basis, use the calibrated numerical model to simulate and predict the long-term evolution trend of the slope surface deformation, propose instability criteria suitable for slope surface deformation, analyze and identify the parts of the slope with weak anti-sliding stability and the instability failure mode, and finally complete the risk assessment of slope surface deformation and instability.

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