A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring and early warning, and specifically relates to a loess tunnel base solidification disposal load early warning system and method, including a data acquisition device, the data acquisition device is used to collect tunnel base data obtained by the first and second detectors arranged; a data analysis device, which digitally processes the tunnel base data of the first and second detectors collected by the data acquisition device, analyzes and organizes the digitally processed data, and compares the processed data with a data threshold; an early warning device, the early warning device determines whether the threshold is exceeded according to the data comparison threshold, and determines whether to start the early warning system; wherein the first and second detectors are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base and the through-paving base. The present invention can realize the judgment of the problem location by the early warning system, and can realize the improvement of monitoring accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring and early warning, and in particular relates to a loess tunnel base solidification disposal load early warning system and method. Background Art

[0002] The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load warning system is a foundation treatment technology for tunnel projects in collapsible loess areas, aiming to improve the stability and safety of the tunnel structure.

[0003] Problems with existing technologies:

[0004] The existing monitoring method can only monitor and analyze the settlement change value of one location. The monitoring accuracy is low, and no further analysis is made on the changes in multiple data. It is impossible to more accurately judge the pattern of changes in the detection data and the specific location of the problem. The early warning system can also determine the location of the problem and carry out targeted repairs at the problem location, which can reduce the time for problem repair and shorten the repair period. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system and method, which can realize the early warning system's judgment on the problem location and can improve the monitoring accuracy.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0008] Obtain multiple sets of multiple monitoring data;

[0009] According to the monitoring data, comparing the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same items, or multiple groups of single items with the difference of the monitoring data changing with the timestamp;

[0010] Determine the variation rule of the difference, where the difference is an absolute value, compare it with a predetermined threshold value, and determine whether it exceeds the threshold value of the variation difference;

[0011] If it is exceeded, the early warning program will be activated and a warning signal will be issued.

[0012] The threshold is automatically set and optimized, and the automatic setting optimization method includes the following steps:

[0013] Obtain and identify soil information and historical similar soil information monitoring data;

[0014] Analyze the trend of historical similar soil information and data change rules with time stamps;

[0015] Compare the change patterns of monitoring data with the historical data change model, and use it to automatically optimize the setting threshold according to the change patterns;

[0016] The automatic optimization of setting the threshold value specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] Initial warning thresholds, obtaining engineering management processes, preliminary analysis methods and predictive model data;

[0018] Based on the size of the error, adjust the threshold accordingly;

[0019] Based on the prediction model data and prediction trend, predict whether the future substrate state trend is stable, which is used to adjust the threshold value;

[0020] Adjust the threshold value based on current environmental factors;

[0021] According to the above method, a threshold prediction system is constructed and applied to the actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of prefabrication;

[0022] The above threshold prediction system method is verified using a manual intervention mechanism, and the accuracy and threshold adjustment are determined through manual intervention.

[0023] Acquiring the plurality of sets of multiple monitoring data includes recording readings obtained by the second detector and the calibration monitor during the monitoring process, and recording and storing the readings through a storage device;

[0024] The plurality of groups include a plurality of groups of data acquired by the second detector or a plurality of groups of data acquired by a calibration monitor on top of the second detector;

[0025] The plurality of monitoring data includes segmentation data in the first arc strip, the second arc strip and the third arc strip corresponding to the plurality of second detectors, or further partitions after the calibration ring on the calibration monitor is partitioned.

[0026] A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system, comprising:

[0027] A data acquisition device, the data acquisition device is used to collect tunnel base data acquired by the deployed first detector and the second detector;

[0028] A data analysis device, which digitally processes the tunnel base data of the first detector and the second detector collected by the data collection device, analyzes and organizes the digitally processed data, and compares the processed data with a data threshold;

[0029] The early warning device compares the data with a threshold value, determines whether the threshold value is exceeded, and determines whether to activate the early warning system.

[0030] A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device, wherein the first detector and the second detector are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base and the through-paving base;

[0031] At least two second detectors are provided, and at least two of the second detectors are respectively provided with corresponding calibration monitors, and the corresponding calibration monitors are provided with universally adjustable calibration mirrors, and the position connection between the plurality of calibration monitors is realized through the provided laser device through the optical path, and the position irradiated on the surface of the calibration mirror through the optical path is used to determine whether the relative position has changed;

[0032] If there is a change, the warning device will issue a warning;

[0033] The interior of the second detector is configured as a rod body for installing a calibration monitor, and the outer side of the rod body is sequentially connected with multiple layers of monitoring strips, and the monitoring strips are at least equally divided into two, which are used to determine whether there is any squeezing on the side of the second detector by judging the height difference or angle change of the tops of multiple monitoring strips.

[0034] An arch frame is supported and installed on the inner side of the arch base. The first detector and the second detector pass through the arch frame and the arch base. The first detector and the second detector are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame through a detector mounting frame.

[0035] The detector mounting frame includes a lamp holder welded on the inner side of the arch frame, and a first sliding mounting frame and a second sliding mounting frame movably connected on both sides of the lamp holder. The first sliding mounting frame and the second sliding mounting frame are provided with arc-shaped rings protruding from corresponding positions in the middle of the first sliding mounting frame, and the inner side of the rings fits tightly against the outer surfaces of the first detector and the second detector.

[0036] At least one threaded knob is threadedly mounted through the second sliding mounting frame, and an end of the threaded knob abuts against a surface of the collar adjacent to the second sliding mounting frame.

[0037] The end of the second detector is configured as a conical plug, and a stepped mounting seat is provided at the other end of the plug. A plurality of mutually fitting monitoring strips are fixedly installed on the outer sides of the stepped positions of the mounting seat by bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips are slidably connected to each other.

[0038] The rod body and the monitoring strip are elastic metal plates. A protective sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the monitoring strip located at the outermost layer. The protective sleeve is an elastic rubber barrel and is fitted on the outer side of the monitoring strip.

[0039] A jacket is fixed to the end of the rod body away from the plug, and a screw ring is threadedly installed on the outer side of the jacket. The screw ring is rotated to extrude multiple jackets for clamping the adjustment rod at the end of the calibration monitor.

[0040] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0041] The present invention realizes the transmission of light through a reflector arranged on a second detector. In a tunnel with a large span, at least two corresponding second detectors are arranged on a light beam, and the position of the light spot after laser irradiation between the two second detectors is used to judge whether ground settlement and underground structure changes occur as the timestamp changes. If it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the detection data, multiple second detectors can be arranged in the middle of the lower light path, and through holes can be arranged on the second detectors for light to pass through, or multiple reflectors can be arranged to reflect light, so as to observe the position of the light spot, and judge whether ground settlement occurs and the internal structure of the base is loose according to the change of the timestamp.

[0042] The present invention uses a plane detection device to detect the flatness of the top of the second detector. In addition, the plane detection device is used to determine the horizontal positions of the tops of multiple second detectors, and record the horizontal positions and position height differences between each other, and compare the last monitored data, so as to determine whether the substrate will sink and whether the internal structure of the substrate will loosen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structural installation of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the through-laying substrate in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structural installation of the detector mounting frame in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detector mounting frame in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural disassembly of the detector mounting frame in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second detector in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second detector in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the second detector in the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the calibration monitor in the present invention;

[0052] Fig.10 is a top view of the second detector in the present invention;

[0053] Fig.11 It is a flow chart of the load early warning method for the solidification treatment of the loess tunnel base in the present invention.

[0054] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0055] 1. Arch base; 2. Arch frame; 3. Paving base; 4. First detector;

[0056] 5. Second detector; 51. Plug; 52. Protective cover; 53. Rod body; 54. Monitoring strip; 541. First arc strip; 542. Second arc strip; 543. Third arc strip; 55. Mounting seat; 56. Jacket; 57. Screw ring;

[0057] 6. Detector mounting frame; 61. Lamp holder; 62. First sliding mounting frame; 63. Second sliding mounting frame; 64. Ring; 65. Threaded knob;

[0058] 7. Calibration monitor; 71. Base; 72. Adjustment rod; 73. Axis slot; 74. Positioning slot; 75. Adjustment screw; 76. Positioning strip; 77. Adjustment tooth; 78. Rotating shaft; 79. Mirror frame; 80. Calibration mirror; 81. Calibration ring; 82. Adjustment knob. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or several specific embodiments of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection of the specific claims of the present invention.

[0060] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a load warning method for solidification treatment of a loess tunnel base is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system comprising at least one set of computer executable instructions, and, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0062] The method embodiments associated therewith may also be executed in an electronic device including a memory and a processor, a similar control device, or a cloud. Taking an electronic device as an example, the electronic device may include one or more processors and a memory for storing data. Optionally, the electronic device may also include a communication device and a display device for communication functions. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand and know that the above structural description is for illustration only and does not limit the structure of the above electronic device.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system includes a data acquisition device, a data analysis device and an early warning device. The data acquisition device is used to collect tunnel base data obtained by the deployed first detector 4 and the second detector 5, and the tunnel base data of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 collected by the data acquisition device are digitally processed. The digitally processed data are analyzed and sorted, and the processed data are compared with a data threshold. The early warning device determines whether the threshold is exceeded based on the data comparison threshold, and determines whether to start the early warning system.

[0064] In addition, at least one laser device is correspondingly provided, and the laser device is used to realize the associated irradiation of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, so that a light connection is generated between adjacent first detectors 4 or second detectors 5, and the light is irradiated onto the surface of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 through a data acquisition device, and the light is refracted at the top of the second detector 5, and the position where the light is last irradiated on the second detector 5 is recorded through calibration, and the position change of the last irradiation on the second detector 5 is obtained according to the change of time, and the data is recorded and acquired through a timestamp.

[0065] Further references Figure 1 and Figure 3 An arch frame 2 is supported and installed on the inner side of the arch base 1. The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 penetrate the arch frame 2 and the arch base 1. The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame 2 through the detector mounting frame 6.

[0066] According to the above structure, when the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are installed on the top of the inner side of the arch base 1, the arch frame 2 is used to support the arch base 1, and the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are installed at the bottom of the arch frame 2 and plugged into the inside of the arch base 1 to monitor the base inside the arch base 1, and the detector mounting frame 6 is installed to prevent the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 from falling off.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5The detector mounting frame 6 includes a lamp holder 61 welded to the inner side of the arch frame 2, and a first sliding mounting frame 62 and a second sliding mounting frame 63 movably connected to both sides of the lamp holder 61. An arc-shaped ring 64 is protruded from the corresponding position in the middle of the first sliding mounting frame 62 and the second sliding mounting frame 63, and the inner side of the ring 64 is tightly fitted on the outer surface of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5.

[0068] According to the above structure, the lamp holder 61 can be installed on the inner side of the arch frame 2 by welding, or by means of a bolt and nut assembly. After the lamp holder 61 is installed, it can be retained inside the arch frame 2 after monitoring is completed, and used to install chandeliers and other devices inside the tunnel. In addition, a stress detection device for detecting whether the arch frame 2 is deformed is also provided inside the arch frame 2 to determine whether the arch frame 2 has structural deformation, so as to further detect the structural stability of the arch base 1 and the arch frame 2, and further combine the data obtained by monitoring the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 to determine the influencing factors of the data change caused by the change in the data obtained by the first detector 4 and the second detector 5.

[0069] Furthermore, at least one threaded knob 65 is threadedly installed through the second sliding mounting bracket 63 , and an end of the threaded knob 65 abuts against a surface of the collar 64 adjacent to the second sliding mounting bracket 63 .

[0070] Combined with the above structure, its working principle is:

[0071] By cross-plugging the protruding rings 64 of the first sliding mounting frame 62 and the second sliding mounting frame 63, and plugging the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 between the rings 64 on both sides, the threaded knob 65 is adjusted to adjust the clamping force of the rings 64 on both sides on the outside of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5. In order to prevent the second detector 5 from deforming, a rubber cushion layer can be set between the second detector 5 and the ring 64, or the contact area between the ring 64 and the second detector 5 can be increased to avoid shape changes caused by excessive squeezing of the ring 64 on a single point on the outside of the second detector 5.

[0072] During disassembly, the threaded knob 65 is removed, the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 is pulled out, and the first sliding mounting frame 62 and the second sliding mounting frame 63 on both sides are pulled out from both sides of the lamp holder 61, so as to achieve recycling and quick disassembly.

[0073] In addition, in order to prevent the first sliding mounting frame 62 from being squeezed by the threaded knobs 65 on both sides and causing deformation of the first sliding mounting frame 62, reinforcing ribs and protrusions are provided on the back surfaces of the first sliding mounting frame 62 and the second sliding mounting frame 63 to resist the deformation force caused by squeezing at the ends of the threaded knobs 65.

[0074] Further integration Figure 6 At least two second detectors 5 are provided, and at least two second detectors 5 are respectively provided with corresponding calibration monitors 7, and the relative calibration monitors 7 are provided with universally adjustable calibration mirrors 80, and the position connection between the plurality of calibration monitors 7 is realized through the optical path by the provided laser device, and the position irradiated on the surface of the calibration mirror 80 through the optical path is used to determine whether the relative position has changed;

[0075] If there is a change, the early warning device will issue an early warning.

[0076] During the irradiation process of the above-mentioned laser device, on the one hand, the transmission of light can be realized through the reflector arranged on the second detector 5. In the tunnel with a large span, at least two corresponding second detectors 5 are arranged on a light beam, and the position of the light spot after laser irradiation between the two second detectors 5 is determined, and as the timestamp changes, it is determined whether the ground subsidence and the underground structure change occur. If it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the detection data, multiple second detectors 5 can be arranged in the middle of the lower light path, and through holes can be set on the second detectors 5 for the light to pass through, or multiple reflectors can be set to reflect the light, so as to realize the observation of the position of the light spot, and according to the change of the timestamp, it is used to determine whether the ground has subsided and the internal structure of the base is loose.

[0077] Furthermore, the above-mentioned data acquisition device also includes at least one plane detection device, a data recording device, and a data storage device. The plane detection device is used to detect the flatness of the top of the second detector 5. In addition, the plane detection device is used to determine the horizontal positions of the tops of multiple second detectors 5, and record the horizontal positions and position height differences between each other, and compare the last monitored data, so as to determine whether the substrate will sink and whether the internal structure of the substrate will loosen.

[0078] Furthermore, the data analysis device is used to input and further process the data collected by the data collection device, and output the data processing results through the early warning device, and the output method includes manual or machine output method.

[0079] The first detector 4 and the second detector 5 are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base 1 and the through-paving base 3 .

[0080] According to the above structure, the first detector 4 includes a sensor for installing at its bottom, including but not limited to a moisture detector, a temperature detector, etc., or the above-mentioned sensor can also be installed at the bottom end of the second detector 5. When the sensor is installed at the bottom end of the second detector 5, the rod body 53 inside the second detector 5 is set to be hollow for plugging in the sensor connecting wire.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The interior of the second detector 5 is provided with a rod body 53 for installing the calibration monitor 7, and multiple layers of monitoring strips 54 are sequentially connected to the outside of the rod body 53, and the monitoring strips 54 are at least equally divided into two, which are used to determine whether the top drop or angle change of the multiple monitoring strips 54 determines whether there is any squeezing of the side of the second detector 5;

[0082] For example, see Fig.10 , and combined with Figure 8 As shown, the monitoring strip 54 is evenly divided into at least two groups of first arc strips 541 , second arc strips 542 and third arc strips 543 .

[0083] According to the above structure, its working principle is:

[0084] When the multi-layer monitoring strips 54 are squeezed by external factors such as soil layers, the horizontal planes and relative height differences of the tops of the multiple monitoring strips 54 will also change. After the second detector 5 is installed, the flatness of the tops of the monitoring strips 54 and the relative height differences of the tops of the multiple monitoring strips 54 are first detected by a plane detection device. If, after a specified monitoring time, the horizontal planes of the tops of the monitoring strips 54 shift, and the relative heights of the tops of the multiple monitoring strips 54 change, this indicates that the internal structure of the substrate has changed, or the substrate soil layer has shifted, posing a safety risk.

[0085] Alternatively, after the positions of the top calibration monitors 7 of two adjacent or two second detectors 5 with relative heights determined are located, if the relative heights of the top calibration monitors 7 change, it is also possible to determine whether one of the second detectors 5 has sunk or shifted.

[0086] Refer to the attached Figure 6 and Figure 7 The end of the second detector 5 is set as a conical plug 51, and the other end of the plug 51 is provided with a stepped mounting seat 55. The outer side of the stepped position of the mounting seat 55 is respectively fixed with multiple monitoring strips 54 that fit together by bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips 54 are slidably connected to each other.

[0087] According to the above structure, the detachability of the structure of the second detector 5 is further increased. For example, during use, due to large deformation inside the arch base 1 or the paved base 3, or for different soil types and geological conditions, monitoring strips 54 of different hardness can be selected to achieve special adaptation to different locations. In addition, damaged monitoring strips 54 can also be replaced.

[0088] Furthermore, adjacent monitoring strips 54 are configured to be slidably connected, and lubricants for reducing friction may be added to their surfaces to improve accurate feedback on substrate morphology changes during the detection process, thereby improving monitoring accuracy.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The rod body 53 and the monitoring strip 54 are elastic metal plates. The outer side of the monitoring strip 54 located at the outermost layer is sleeved with a protective sleeve 52 . The protective sleeve 52 is an elastic rubber barrel and is fitted on the outer side of the monitoring strip 54 .

[0090] According to the above structure, the surface of the outermost monitoring strip 54 can be protected by the protective cover 52, and when installing the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, in order to improve the contact tightness between the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 and the inside of the substrate, it is necessary to fill the first detector 4, the second detector 5 and the inside of the substrate holes with supporting materials, which are used to improve the monitoring accuracy of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5 and are more sensitive to the internal deformation of the substrate. The filling supporting materials include but are not limited to epoxy resin, plastic particles, fine sand, etc. If there is any residue after removing the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, it can be polished and extracted by drilling equipment.

[0091] Furthermore, in order to improve the monitoring accuracy of the multiple monitoring strips 54 that are closely arranged, because when the substrate acts on the surface of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, the longer the length of the monitoring strip 54, the greater the deformation degree of the end of the first detector 4 or the second detector 5, the monitoring strip 54 is set to be strip-shaped, and the monitoring accuracy is improved by adjusting the length of the monitoring strip 54, and the length of the monitoring strip 54 is adjusted to adapt to substrates of different depths.

[0092] Further references Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A sleeve 56 is fixed through the end of the rod body 53 away from the plug 51, and a screw ring 57 is threadedly installed on the outer side of the sleeve 56. The screw ring 57 is rotated and squeezed to hold the adjustment rod 72 at the end of the calibration monitor 7, so as to realize the adjustable installation of the calibration monitor 7. When a through hole is set in the middle part, the position of the light passing through the through hole can be adjusted by adjusting the lifting height of the calibration monitor 7.

[0093] For further details, refer to Fig. 9 The calibration mirror 80 arranged on the calibration monitor 7 is adjusted in a universal manner, and is used for the situation that a plurality of calibration mirrors 80 cannot be aligned after the second detector 5 is installed. The deflection angle of the calibration mirror 80 can be adjusted to refract the optical path of the laser light.

[0094] Specifically, the calibration monitor 7 includes a base 71 fixed on an adjusting rod 72, and a mirror frame 79 hinged on the top surface of the base 71. A calibration mirror 80 is rotatably installed inside the mirror frame 79. An axis groove 73 is provided at the top of the base 71, and at least one positioning groove 74 is provided inside the axis groove 73. The mirror frame 79 is rotatably installed inside the axis groove 73 by a rotating shaft 78 provided at the bottom of the mirror frame 79, and is slidably installed inside the positioning groove 74 by providing a positioning strip 76 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 78. Another adjusting tooth 77 with a latch is provided, which is threadedly connected to an adjusting screw 75 passing through the base 71. By rotating the adjusting screw 75, the adjusting tooth 77 is driven to adjust the pitch angle of the mirror frame 79. Further, an adjusting knob 82 is provided vertically on the calibration mirror 80 to adjust the horizontal rotation angle of the calibration mirror 80.

[0095] Furthermore, an annular calibration ring 81 is provided on the surface of the calibration mirror 80, and the surface of the calibration ring 81 is further divided into partitions, and the partitions are marked with numbers, and the different numbers are classified by different second detectors 5. The light is irradiated at different partitions of the calibration ring 81 and recorded to determine the initial value of the light irradiation. When the detection is completed, the partition difference of the light irradiation point on the surface of the calibration ring 81 is detected to realize the recording of the detection results, so as to calculate whether the substrate has settled or shifted, or whether the internal structure of the substrate has loosened.

[0096] Please refer to Fig.11 A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1. Obtain multiple sets of monitoring data;

[0098] S2. According to the monitoring data, compare the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same items, or multiple groups of single items with the difference of the monitoring data changing with the timestamp;

[0099] S3, determine the change rule of the difference, the difference is an absolute value, and compare it with a predetermined threshold;

[0100] S4, determining whether the change difference exceeds the threshold value;

[0101] S5. If exceeded, the early warning program will be activated and an early warning signal will be issued.

[0102] In the above step S1, multiple groups of multiple monitoring data are obtained, and the acquisition method includes recording the readings obtained by the second detector 5 and the calibration monitor 7 during the monitoring process, and recording and storing them through a storage device. The multiple groups include, for example, multiple groups of data obtained by the second detector 5 or multiple groups of data obtained by the calibration monitor 7 on the top of the second detector 5. The multiple monitoring data include corresponding data on the multiple groups of second detectors 5, such as Fig.10The segmentation data in the first arc strip 541, the second arc strip 542 and the third arc strip 543 in the calibration monitor 7, or the further segmentation after the calibration ring 81 on the calibration monitor 7 is segmented, can be referred to Fig. 9 .

[0103] In this embodiment, the groups in the multiple groups correspond to the second detector 5 or the calibration ring 81 in the present application, and the items in the multiple items correspond to the a, b, c or d partitions on the top of the second detector 5 in the present application, or the partitions divided on the surface of the calibration ring 81.

[0104] In the above step S2, when the same group is designated as a plurality of second detectors 5 with different installation positions, the initial values ​​of the corresponding multiple data on each group of second detectors 5 and the monitoring data changes that occur with time, the change data is the corresponding partitions on different second detectors 5, such as a, b, c or d partitions, and the comparison method includes:

[0105] Comparison of partition data changes between a, b, c or d corresponding to the same item on the second detector 5 of the same group is used to monitor whether the basement is loose or the internal geology is shifted;

[0106] It also includes a partitioned or overall data comparison between the horizontal height differences between the multiple items a, b, c or d corresponding to the multiple groups of second detectors 5, for detecting whether a certain point of settlement occurs between the corresponding second detectors 5;

[0107] The settlement standard (initial value) can be achieved by setting a corresponding standard, such as setting a vertical ruler, or setting a horizontal height stable benchmark, which is used to monitor the vertical height change during the test settlement process.

[0108] When there are multiple groups of single items, and the multiple groups are designated as multiple calibration rings 81 with different installation positions, the initial values ​​of the corresponding single item data on each group of calibration rings 81 and the monitoring data changes that occur with time, the change data is the corresponding partitions on different calibration rings 81, such as the partitions on the second detector 5, or the partitions are grids, and the comparison method includes:

[0109] The comparison of the changes in the common single-item partition data on the multiple calibration rings 81 is used to monitor whether the basement interior is loose or whether the internal geology is offset and settled;

[0110] It also includes position change data comparison between corresponding partitions on multiple groups of calibration rings 81, which is used to detect whether the calibration ring 81 has settled or shifted, set standard values, that is, the positions where the initial laser is irradiated on multiple calibration rings 81, and fix the vertical and horizontal heights of the laser equipment.

[0111] In step S3, the difference change rule includes the height change difference between a, b, c or d at the top of the second detector 5 over time, or the height difference change between a, b, c or d corresponding to at least two tops of the second detector 5;

[0112] It also includes the change of the position of the laser irradiation partition on the surface of a calibration ring 81, and the change rules of the laser irradiation areas on the surfaces of at least two calibration rings 81;

[0113] The above two states are both used to judge the settlement state and tilt state of the positions of two or more installation calibration rings 81.

[0114] In the above steps, a change threshold is set, and by judging whether the threshold is exceeded, the process goes to step S5 to implement early warning.

[0115] In step S4, the method for determining whether the change difference exceeds the threshold value includes manually implementing a manual warning based on the input change difference information, and directly outputting an alarm message by calculating whether the difference exceeds the threshold value through a computer.

[0116] Please refer to Figure 1-3 As shown, a method for solidifying and disposing loads of a loess tunnel base comprises the following steps:

[0117] SS1. After the tunnel excavation is completed, an arch frame 2 is set inside the arch base 1 for support;

[0118] SS2, using a tamping device to tamp the multi-layer paved base 3 layer by layer;

[0119] SS3, after compacting multiple layers, a through-laying base 3 is formed, and the through-laying base 3 is leveled;

[0120] SS4. A plurality of uniform holes are set on the surface of the flattened paving base 3 by a punching device. The size of the holes depends on the thickness of the first detector 4 and the second detector 5.

[0121] SS5, insert the first detector 4 and the second detector 5, the distribution method and the number of holes are based on the soil quality, moisture and other factors of the loess;

[0122] SS6. Filling material is poured into the side of the inserted first detector 4 or the second detector 5 to make the first detector 4 or the second detector 5 come into close contact with the side wall of the hole of the through-laying base 3;

[0123] SS7, assuming a laser device, and adjusting the angle of the calibration ring 81 on the calibration monitor 7, measuring the initial value on the calibration ring 81 and the initial value at the top of the second detector 5;

[0124] SS8. Measure the change of the initial value over time within the specified time and record it;

[0125] SS9, calculate the difference, and determine whether to issue an early warning based on the difference threshold;

[0126] SS10, select a repair plan for the warning information and difference information;

[0127] SS11. After the repair is completed, mortar is poured into the hole or mortar is poured after adding steel bars;

[0128] SS12, laying the floor and installing ceiling lights.

[0129] According to the above step S3:

[0130] The threshold is automatically set for optimization. The automatic setting optimization method includes the following steps:

[0131] S301, obtaining and identifying soil quality information and historical similar soil quality information monitoring data;

[0132] S302, analyzing the change trend and data change law of historical similar soil information with time stamps;

[0133] S303, comparing the change pattern of the monitoring data with the historical data change model, and automatically optimizing the setting threshold according to the change pattern;

[0134] In step S301, soil information includes but is not limited to soil softness, displacement, pressure, temperature, humidity, sand content, etc., wherein the soil softness is affected by factors such as sand content and humidity. Five cubic meters of soil are used and extruded using an extrusion device, and the minimum volume after extrusion is used as the basis.

[0135] In step S302, historical similar soil information is analyzed, which includes not only the data in the above step S301, but also the soil model formed by the above data, and the data information after removing outliers and noise, the trend of changes with timestamps and the law of data changes, and the changes of various data in the actual monitoring process in the soil model formed by the data. The various data also include changes in variable factors such as displacement and humidity. The outlier monitoring uses the Z-score method to detect and remove outliers.

[0136] ;

[0137] in, is a data point, is the mean value of the data, is the standard deviation of the data.

[0138] when When it is greater than 3, the data point is considered to be an outlier. When removing outliers, the factors that cause the outliers are determined, such as detailed reference to the factors that affect the outliers.

[0139] In step S303, the changing rules of the historical data change model, that is, the trend analysis of the change, are calculated and analyzed by linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), neural network, etc. In this application, the linear regression model is preferably used to identify the trend of the data:

[0140] ;

[0141] in To monitor data, For time, and is the regression coefficient, is the error term, and the regression coefficient is estimated by the least squares method:

[0142] ;

[0143] ;

[0144] Prediction model, using linear regression prediction:

[0145] ;

[0146] in, is the predicted value, It's time. and are the estimated regression coefficients.

[0147] Error identification calculation, that is, calculating the error between the predicted value and the actual value:

[0148] ;

[0149] in, It is The error of the data point, is the actual value, is the predicted value.

[0150] Automatic optimization of setting thresholds specifically includes the following steps:

[0151] S3031, initial warning threshold, obtain engineering management process, preliminary analysis method and prediction model data;

[0152] The following formula is used to adjust the threshold based on the error:

[0153] ;

[0154] in, is the new threshold, is the old threshold, is the adjustment factor, is the mean absolute error;

[0155] ;

[0156] S3032, adjusting the threshold value accordingly based on the error;

[0157] S3033. Based on the prediction model data and the prediction trend, predict whether the future substrate state trend is stable, so as to adjust the threshold value;

[0158] Among them, threshold adjustment based on trend:

[0159] ;

[0160] in, is the change in the predicted value, which can be obtained by calculating the difference in predicted values ​​at adjacent time points:

[0161] ;

[0162] S3034, adjusting the threshold value based on current environmental factors;

[0163] ;

[0164] in, is a function of environmental factors, such as:

[0165] ;

[0166] in, and is the weight coefficient.

[0167] S3035. Construct a threshold prediction system based on the above method and apply it to the actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the prefabrication;

[0168] S3036. Verify that the threshold prediction system method uses a manual intervention mechanism, and determines the accuracy and threshold adjustment through manual intervention.

[0169] According to step S3035 and step S3036, for the verification of the threshold, the false alarm rate and the missed alarm rate under the new threshold are calculated:

[0170] ;

[0171] ;

[0172] in, is the number of false positives, is the number of true negatives, is the number of underreporting, is the number of true positives.

[0173] According to the above steps, data preprocessing, trend analysis, prediction model construction and threshold optimization are carried out to calculate the accuracy and reliability of prediction values ​​and thresholds, and to provide a mathematical basis for the use of automated optimization threshold setting.

[0174] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to the conventional means in the art unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of loads in a loess tunnel base solidification treatment, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtain multiple sets of multiple monitoring data; According to the monitoring data, comparing the initial values ​​of multiple items in the same group, multiple groups of the same items, or multiple groups of single items with the difference of the monitoring data changing with the timestamp; Determine the variation rule of the difference, where the difference is an absolute value, compare it with a predetermined threshold value, and determine whether it exceeds the threshold value of the variation difference; If it exceeds, the early warning program will be activated and a warning signal will be issued; Wherein, the threshold is automatically set for optimization, and the method for automatically setting the optimization comprises the following steps: Obtain and identify soil information and historical similar soil information monitoring data; Analyze the trend of historical similar soil information and data change rules with time stamps; The change law of the monitoring data is compared with the historical data change model, and the threshold is automatically optimized and set according to the change law; the automatic optimization and setting of the threshold specifically includes the following steps: Initial warning thresholds, obtaining engineering management processes, preliminary analysis methods and predictive model data; Based on the size of the error, adjust the threshold accordingly; Based on the prediction model data and prediction trend, predict whether the future substrate state trend is stable, which is used to adjust the threshold value; Adjust the threshold value based on current environmental factors; According to the above method, a threshold prediction system is constructed and applied to the actual monitoring system to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of prefabrication; Verify the use of a human intervention mechanism in the above threshold prediction system method, and determine the accuracy and adjustment of the threshold through human intervention; Acquiring the plurality of sets of multiple monitoring data includes recording readings obtained by the second detector (5) and the calibration monitor (7) during the monitoring process, and recording and storing the readings via a storage device; The plurality of groups include a plurality of groups of data acquired by the second detector (5) or a plurality of groups of data acquired by the calibration monitor (7) on the top of the second detector (5); The plurality of monitoring data includes segmented data corresponding to the monitoring strips (54) on the plurality of second detectors (5), or further partitions after the calibration ring (81) on the calibration monitor (7) is partitioned, wherein the monitoring strips (54) are at least equally divided into two groups of first arc strips (541), second arc strips (542) and third arc strips (543).

2. A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system, using the method according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition device, the data acquisition device being used to acquire tunnel basement data acquired by the deployed first detector (4) and the second detector (5); A data analysis device, which digitally processes the tunnel base data of the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) collected by the data collection device, analyzes and organizes the digitally processed data, and compares the processed data with a data threshold; The early warning device compares the data with a threshold value, determines whether the threshold value is exceeded, and determines whether to activate the early warning system.

3. A loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device, using a loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first detector (4) and the second detector (5) are plug-in structures installed inside the arch base (1) and the floor base (3); At least two of the second detectors (5) are provided, and at least two of the second detectors (5) are respectively provided with corresponding calibration monitors (7), and the calibration monitors (7) corresponding to each other are provided with universally adjustable calibration mirrors (80), and the position connection between the plurality of calibration monitors (7) is achieved through an optical path by means of a laser device provided, and the position on the surface of the calibration mirror (80) is irradiated through the optical path to determine whether the relative position has changed; If there is a change, the warning device will issue a warning; The interior of the second detector (5) is provided with a rod body (53) for mounting a calibration monitor (7), and the outer side of the rod body (53) is sequentially connected with a plurality of monitoring strips (54), wherein the monitoring strips (54) are at least equally divided into two, and are used to determine whether the side surface of the second detector (5) is squeezed by judging the height difference or angle change of the tops of the plurality of monitoring strips (54).

4. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: An arch frame (2) is supported and installed on the inner side of the arch base (1); the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) penetrate the arch frame (2) and the arch base (1); and the first detector (4) and the second detector (5) are movably installed on the inner side of the arch frame (2) via a detector mounting frame (6).

5. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The detector mounting frame (6) comprises a lamp holder (61) welded to the inner side of the arch frame (2), and a first sliding mounting frame (62) and a second sliding mounting frame (63) movably plugged into the two sides of the lamp holder (61), wherein an arc-shaped collar (64) is protruding from corresponding positions in the middle of the first sliding mounting frame (62) and the second sliding mounting frame (63), and the inner side of the collar (64) is tightly fitted on the outer surface of the first detector (4) and the second detector (5).

6. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: At least one threaded knob (65) is threadedly mounted through the second sliding mounting frame (63), and an end of the threaded knob (65) abuts against a surface of the collar (64) adjacent to the second sliding mounting frame (63).

7. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The end of the second detector (5) is provided with a conical plug (51), and the other end of the plug (51) is provided with a stepped mounting seat (55), and a plurality of mutually fitting monitoring strips (54) are respectively fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the stepped positions of the mounting seat (55) by means of bolts, and adjacent monitoring strips (54) are slidably connected to each other.

8. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The rod body (53) and the monitoring strip (54) are elastic metal plates, and a protective sleeve (52) is sleeved on the outer side of the monitoring strip (54) located at the outermost layer. The protective sleeve (52) is an elastic rubber barrel, and the protective sleeve (52) is fitted on the outer side of the monitoring strip (54).

9. The loess tunnel base solidification treatment load early warning monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: A jacket (56) is fixed to the end of the rod body (53) facing away from the plug (51), and a screw ring (57) is threadedly mounted on the outer side of the jacket (56). The screw ring (57) is used to rotate and squeeze a plurality of jackets (56) to clamp the adjustment rod (72) at the end of the calibration monitor (7).

Images