Device for ultrasonic detection of bolt stress and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, in particular to an ultrasonic bolt stress detection device, a detection method and a detection device.An ultrasonic generator used for generating ultrasonic signals is arranged in the detection device, and a signal receiver used for receiving the ultrasonic signals is arranged below the ultrasonic generator; a conveying belt is arranged on one side of the detection device, bolts are conveyed through the conveying belt, a detection bin is formed in the position, located above the conveying belt, of the bottom of the detection device, infrared sensors used for detecting the positions of the bolts are arranged on the two sides of the detection bin, and a partition plate is arranged in the position, located above the detection bin, of the interior of the detection device. The bolts are automatically conveyed through the conveying belt and are fixed and moved to the detection area in cooperation with the clamping device, automatic batch detection of the bolts is achieved, rapid and continuous detection of the bolts is achieved, the detection efficiency is greatly improved, manual intervention is reduced, and the consistency and accuracy of detection results are further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, and in particular to a device and a method for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress. Background Art

[0002] At present, the bolt flange gasket sealing system is the most commonly used in some important machinery such as petrochemical, pressure vessels and aerospace. Flange bolts must have very good sealing performance. The greater the bolt stress, the better the sealing performance. Due to pressure, medium viscosity and temperature, the flange bolts will fail, and the flange connection bolts on them will become loose. Loose flange connection bolts cannot provide these machines with good sealing and will cause leakage. In order to prevent leakage in the sealing system and ensure the safety and reliability of the seal, it is necessary to test the flange connection bolts on these mechanical equipment and adjust the pre-tightening force of the flange bolts in time according to the test results to achieve the purpose of preventing leakage.

[0003] Existing detection methods rely on manual operation, such as handheld ultrasonic detectors, which are not only inefficient, but also may lead to inconsistent test results due to human factors. With the development of intelligent manufacturing, the demand for automated and batch testing is becoming increasingly urgent. Existing detection devices are often designed for bolts of specific specifications or types, and lack wide adaptability to bolts of different sizes. This requires companies to equip bolts of different specifications with corresponding detection equipment, which increases costs and management difficulties. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress, a detection device, wherein an ultrasonic generator for generating ultrasonic signals is arranged inside the detection device, a signal receiver for receiving ultrasonic signals is arranged below the ultrasonic generator, a conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the detection device, and bolts are transmitted through the conveyor belt, a detection chamber is arranged at the bottom of the detection device above the conveyor belt, infrared sensors for detecting bolt positions are arranged on both sides of the detection chamber, a partition is arranged inside the detection device above the detection chamber, and two thread grooves are arranged on the surface of the partition; A transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is arranged inside the detection device and above the detection chamber, the transmission mechanism includes a No. 3 motor, an output end of the No. 3 motor is provided with a driving sprocket, a telescopic rod is provided at the bottom of the driving sprocket, a threaded rod is provided at the bottom of the telescopic rod, and the outer side of the threaded rod is mutually adapted with the spiral pattern provided on the surface of the partition; A clamping mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity of the detection chamber and connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod. The clamping mechanism can be used to clamp bolts of different sizes and models. A storage chamber is opened on one side of the detection chamber, and the inner cavity of the storage chamber is provided with a locking mechanism for providing torque and pressure to the bolts.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a guide plate, a gear plate is arranged on the top of the guide plate, a No. 2 motor is arranged on one side of the gear plate, a driven gear is arranged on the output end of the No. 2 motor, the outer edge of the driven gear is meshed with the outer edge of the gear plate, at least three movable grooves are provided on the surface of the gear plate, a connecting rod is provided on the inner wall of the movable groove, a guide groove is provided on the top of the guide plate, a linkage plate is provided in the inner cavity of the guide groove, the top of the linkage plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod, and the bottom of the linkage plate is fixedly connected to a clamping plate.

[0007] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a pressure plate, a movable plate is arranged at the bottom of the pressure plate, the corresponding surfaces of the pressure plate and the movable plate are arranged as mutually compatible inclined surfaces, a spring is arranged on one side of the movable plate, and a locking plate is arranged on the other side of the movable plate, a locking groove is opened on the top of the locking plate, and the locking groove and the bottom end of the bolt are mutually compatible.

[0008] Preferably, the outer edge of the driving sprocket is meshed with a chain, the inner wall of the other end of the chain is also meshed with a driven sprocket, and the bottom end of the driven sprocket is provided with a telescopic rod and a threaded rod, and the top end of the threaded rod is located above the pressure plate.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the signal receivers is set to two and they are connected with a transmission line, one end of the transmission line is located inside the clamping mechanism, and an ultrasonic probe is arranged inside the clamping mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, an anti-drop cap is provided at the top end of the connecting rod, the diameter of the anti-drop cap is larger than the inner wall diameter of the movable groove, and a rubber block is provided on the inner side of the splint.

[0011] Preferably, a No. 1 motor is provided at the top of one side of the conveyor belt, a baffle is provided at the output end of the No. 1 motor, a recovery bin is provided at one side of the conveyor belt, and a recovery groove is opened at one side of the recovery bin.

[0012] A method for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress, the method using the device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1: The bolts to be tested are cleaned to remove oil, dust and other impurities on the surface, and then put into a conveyor belt, through which the bolts are transported, and when the bolts move to the bottom of the ultrasonic generator, the bolts are clamped and fixed by a clamping mechanism; S2: Activate the ultrasonic generator to generate an ultrasonic signal and transmit it to the bolt through the ultrasonic probe; S3: The ultrasonic signal propagates inside the bolt and is reflected back. The reflected ultrasonic signal is received by the signal receiver: S4: Analyze the received ultrasonic signal and determine the stress state inside the bolt according to the signal characteristics; S5: According to the judgment result, the torque and pressure are applied to the bolt by controlling the detection device to further verify or adjust the stress state of the bolt; S6: According to the final test results, the unqualified bolts are screened into the recycling tank by controlling the transmission channel control mechanism baffle, and the qualified products enter the next process.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, analyzing the received ultrasonic signal includes utilizing parameters such as reflection intensity, propagation time and frequency change of the ultrasonic signal.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, bolts are automatically transported by a conveyor belt, fixed and moved to the inspection area with a clamping device, thereby realizing automatic batch inspection of bolts and rapid and continuous inspection of bolts, greatly improving inspection efficiency, reducing manual intervention, and ensuring consistency and accuracy of inspection results; 2. In the present invention, on the basis of automated detection, the detection device can be adapted to bolts of different sizes and dimensions through a clamping device, which solves the limitation that the existing detection device is only designed for bolts of specific specifications, so that the same set of detection devices can meet the detection requirements of various bolts, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment; 3. In the present invention, the detection device applies pressure and torque to the bolt during the process of detecting the bolt, so as to more realistically simulate the stress state of the bolt in actual work, and can detect the degradation of bolt performance caused by potential problems such as stress concentration or external pressure, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the safe use of the bolt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping mechanism; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Motion trajectory diagram of the clamping mechanism; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 The overall structural diagram of the locking mechanism and the transmission mechanism; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of area A in; In the figure: 1. detection device; 11. ultrasonic generator; 12. signal receiver; 13. transmission line; 14. detection chamber; 15. infrared sensor; 16. partition; 17. storage chamber; 2. transmission belt; 21. baffle; 22. No. 1 motor; 3. recovery chamber; 31. recovery slot; 4. bolt; 5. clamping mechanism; 51. guide plate; 511. guide slot; 52. gear plate; 53. movable slot; 54. connecting rod; 541. anti-drop cap; 55. No. 2 motor; 56. driven gear; 57. linkage plate; 58. clamping plate; 581. rubber block; 6. locking mechanism; 61. pressure plate; 62. movable plate; 63. locking plate; 631. locking slot; 64. spring; 7. transmission mechanism; 71. No. 3 motor; 72. driving sprocket; 73. chain; 74. driven sprocket; 75. telescopic rod; 76. threaded rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0018] See also Figure 1-6 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress, a detection device 1, an ultrasonic generator 11 for generating ultrasonic signals is arranged inside the detection device 1, a signal receiver 12 for receiving ultrasonic signals is arranged below the ultrasonic generator 11, a conveyor belt 2 is arranged on one side of the detection device 1, and the conveyor belt 2 is used to transmit bolts 4, a detection chamber 14 is arranged at the bottom of the detection device 1 above the conveyor belt 2, infrared sensors 15 for detecting the position of the bolts 4 are arranged on both sides of the detection chamber 14, a partition 16 is arranged inside the detection device 1 above the detection chamber 14, and two threaded grooves are arranged on the surface of the partition 16; The transmission mechanism 7 is arranged inside the detection device 1 and above the detection chamber 14. The transmission mechanism 7 includes a third motor 71. The output end of the third motor 71 is provided with a driving sprocket 72. The bottom of the driving sprocket 72 is provided with a telescopic rod 75. The bottom end of the telescopic rod 75 is provided with a threaded rod 76. The outer side of the threaded rod 76 is mutually adapted with the spiral pattern provided on the surface of the partition 16. The clamping mechanism 5 is arranged in the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14 and is connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod 76. The clamping mechanism 5 can be used to clamp bolts 4 of different sizes and models. A storage chamber 17 is opened on one side of the detection chamber 14, and the inner cavity of the storage chamber 17 is provided with a locking mechanism 6 for providing torque and pressure to the bolts 4.

[0019] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3-4 The clamping mechanism 5 includes a guide plate 51, a gear plate 52 is arranged on the top of the guide plate 51, a second motor 55 is arranged on one side of the gear plate 52, a driven gear 56 is arranged on the output end of the second motor 55, the outer edge of the driven gear 56 is meshed with the outer edge of the gear plate 52, at least three movable grooves 53 are opened on the surface of the gear plate 52, a connecting rod 54 is arranged on the inner wall of the movable groove 53, a guide groove 511 is opened on the top of the guide plate 51, a linkage plate 57 is arranged in the inner cavity of the guide groove 511, and the top of the linkage plate 57 is meshed with the outer edge of the gear plate 52. The bottom end of the connecting rod 54 is fixedly connected, and the bottom of the linkage plate 57 is fixedly connected with a clamping plate 58. In this embodiment, the driven gear 56 is driven to rotate by the second motor 55, and the gear plate 52 is driven to rotate by the driven gear 56 to change the position of the movable groove 53. When the position of the movable groove 53 changes, the connecting rod 54 moves along the inner wall of the movable groove 53, thereby driving multiple clamping plates 58 to move. By controlling the rotation direction of the gear plate 52, the annular diameter formed by the clamping plates 58 can be reduced or enlarged to complete the fixing or loosening of the bolt 4.

[0020] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The locking mechanism 6 includes a pressing plate 61, a movable plate 62 is arranged at the bottom of the pressing plate 61, the corresponding surfaces of the pressing plate 61 and the movable plate 62 are arranged as mutually compatible inclined surfaces, a spring 64 is arranged on one side of the movable plate 62, and a locking plate 63 is arranged on the other side of the movable plate 62. A locking groove 631 is opened on the top of the locking plate 63, and the locking groove 631 is mutually compatible with the bottom end of the bolt 4. In this embodiment, by controlling the pressing plate 61 to move downward, since the movable plate 62 is arranged as a mutually compatible inclined surface, the movable plate 62 is pushed to move backward, and the spring 64 is squeezed to deform it. The movable plate 62 moves backward to make the locking plate 63 leave the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14, so that the clamping mechanism 5 can clamp and fix the bolt 4 through the detection chamber 14.

[0021] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5The outer edge of the driving sprocket 72 is meshed with a chain 73, and the inner wall of the other end of the chain 73 is also meshed with a driven sprocket 74. The bottom end of the driven sprocket 74 is provided with a telescopic rod 75 and a threaded rod 76. The top of the threaded rod 76 is located above the pressure plate 61. In this embodiment, the third motor 71 provides power to control the threaded rods 76 on both sides to move downward, so that the clamping mechanism 5 moves downward and pushes the pressure plate 61 to move downward. When the clamping mechanism 5 moves upward, the pressure plate 61 also moves upward at the same time, causing the spring 64 to lose pressure and rebound, so that the locking plate 63 re-enters the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14. At this time, the clamping mechanism 5 is controlled to move downward and rotate again, so that the bottom end of the bolt 4 enters the locking groove 631, which can provide torque and pressure to the bolt 4.

[0022] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The number of signal receivers 12 is set to two and is connected to a transmission line 13, one end of the transmission line 13 is located inside the clamping mechanism 5, and an ultrasonic probe is arranged inside the clamping mechanism 5. In this embodiment, two signal receivers 12 are arranged, one of which is used to focus and transmit ultrasonic waves, and the other is used to receive ultrasonic signals reflected from the bolt 4. At the same time, an ultrasonic probe is arranged inside the clamping mechanism 5, so that the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic probe is propagated along the axis of the bolt 4, thereby ensuring the accuracy of ultrasonic detection.

[0023] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 A top end of the connecting rod 54 is provided with an anti-drop cap 541, the diameter of the anti-drop cap 541 is larger than the inner wall diameter of the movable groove 53, and a rubber block 581 is provided on the inner side of the clamping plate 58. In this embodiment, the anti-drop cap 541 can prevent the connecting rod 54 from detaching from the inner wall of the movable groove 53 during the movement along the inner wall of the movable groove 53. At the same time, the rubber block 581 is provided, and according to the deformability of the rubber block 581 and the provision of sufficient resistance, the clamping mechanism 5 provides sufficient torque when driving the bolt 4 to rotate.

[0024] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 6 A No. 1 motor 22 is arranged on the top of one side of the conveyor belt 2, a baffle 21 is arranged on the output end of the No. 1 motor 22, a recovery bin 3 is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt 2, and a recovery groove 31 is opened on one side of the recovery bin 3. In this embodiment, when the inspection result of the bolt is unqualified, the clamping mechanism 5 is controlled to move downward and stop clamping the bolt 4, and the No. 1 motor 22 is used to give power to control the baffle 21 to rotate, so that the baffle 21 blocks the transmission channel of the conveyor belt 2. As the conveyor belt 2 continues to transmit the bolt 4, the bolt 4 falls into the inner cavity of the recovery groove 31 under the obstruction of the baffle 21, so that the unqualified bolts can be screened out, which is convenient for the subsequent bolts to continue to be inspected.

[0025] A method for ultrasonic testing of bolt stress, please refer to Figure 1-6 The method uses the above-mentioned ultrasonic device for detecting bolt stress, and comprises the following steps: S1: The bolt 4 to be inspected is cleaned to remove oil, dust and other impurities on the surface, and then put into the conveyor belt 2, the bolt 4 is transported by the conveyor belt 2, and when the bolt 4 moves to the bottom of the ultrasonic generator 11, the bolt 4 is clamped and fixed by the clamping mechanism 5; S2: Activate the ultrasonic generator 11 to generate an ultrasonic signal and transmit it to the bolt 4 through the ultrasonic probe; S3: The ultrasonic signal propagates inside the bolt 4 and is reflected back, and the reflected ultrasonic signal is received by the signal receiver 12: S4: Analyze the received ultrasonic signal and determine the stress state inside the bolt 4 according to the signal characteristics; S5: According to the judgment result, the torque and pressure are applied to the bolt 4 by controlling the detection device to further verify or adjust the stress state of the bolt 4; S6: According to the final test result, the unqualified bolts are screened into the recovery tank 31 by controlling the transmission channel control mechanism baffle 21, and the qualified ones enter the next process.

[0026] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1-6 In step S4, the received ultrasonic signal is analyzed by using parameters such as the reflection intensity, propagation time and frequency change of the ultrasonic signal. In this embodiment, the stress distribution and possible defects inside the bolt are calculated in combination with the known properties of the bolt material.

[0027] Working principle of the present invention: Step 1, the bolts are transmitted through the conveyor belt 2, and when the infrared sensor 15 detects that the bolts move to the bottom of the detection chamber 14, the telescopic rod 75 is driven to rotate by the No. 3 motor 71, and the threaded rod 76 is driven to rotate by the telescopic rod 75. Since a thread groove matching the inner wall of the threaded rod 76 is provided on the partition 16, when the threaded rod 76 rotates along the thread groove, the threaded rod 76 can be moved downward along the thread groove by controlling the rotation direction of the threaded rod 76. Since the telescopic rod 75 can transmit torque and extend and retract at the same time, the length of the telescopic rod 75 is lengthened by the downward movement of the threaded rod 76, and the downward movement of the threaded rod 76 pushes the clamping mechanism 5 to move downward. When the clamping mechanism 5 moves downward and contacts the bolt 4, the bolt 4 is clamped and fixed by the clamping mechanism 5, and an ultrasonic signal of a certain frequency is generated by the ultrasonic generator 11, and the ultrasonic signal is sent to the bolt 4. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the bolt 4, it will encounter the internal structure or defects of the bolt 4, thereby generating reflection and scattering. At the same time, due to the influence of the stress on the bolt 4, the propagation speed and time of the ultrasonic wave will also change. The signal receiver 12 receives the ultrasonic signal reflected from the bolt 4 and converts it into an electrical signal, extracting information such as the fluctuation frequency, amplitude and time interval, which are used to calculate the stress state of the bolt or determine whether there is an internal defect;

[0028] Step 2, as the clamping mechanism 5 moves downward, when the clamping plate 58 moves to the outside of the top end of the bolt 4, the second motor 55 provides power to drive the driven gear 56 to rotate. Since the outer edge of the driven gear 56 is meshed with the outer edge of the gear plate 52, the rotation of the driven gear 56 drives the gear plate 52 to rotate. When the gear plate 52 rotates, the position of the movable groove 53 is changed. Since the inner wall of the movable groove 53 is provided with a connecting rod 54, when the position of the movable groove 53 moves, a thrust is generated on the connecting rod 54, so that the connecting rod 54 moves on the inner wall of the movable groove 53 and moves toward the center direction of the gear plate 52. The connecting rod 54 moves to drive the linkage plate 57 to move along the inner wall of the guide groove 511 toward the center direction of the guide plate 51, so that the spacing between the clamping plates 58 gradually becomes smaller, the diameter of the ring formed by the multiple clamping plates 58 is reduced, and the bolt 4 is clamped and fixed by the clamping plates 58. According to the above principle, the second motor 55 gives power to control the driven gear 56 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the spacing between the multiple clamping plates 58 can be gradually expanded, and the fixing of the bolt 4 can be stopped, so that the bolt can fall into the bolt 4 again after detection and be transmitted to the next process. The bolt 4 can clamp and fix bolts 4 of different sizes and models; The third step is to drive the driving sprocket 72 to rotate while the third motor 71 drives the telescopic rod 75 to rotate. The rotation of the driving sprocket 72 drives the chain 73 to rotate. The rotation of the chain 73 drives the telescopic rod 75 on the other side to rotate. The telescopic rod 75 drives the threaded rod 76 to rotate. According to the above working principle, by controlling the rotation direction of the threaded rod 76, the threaded rod 76 pushes the pressure plate 61 to move downward. Since a slope is provided on one side of the pressure plate 61, when the pressure plate 61 moves downward, it interacts with the slope of the movable plate 62, pushes the movable plate 62 to move backward, and makes the locking plate 63 leave the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14. At the same time, the movable plate 62 moves backward to squeeze the spring 64 to cause it to deform. Therefore, when the clamping mechanism 5 moves downward, the locking plate 63 leaves the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14, so that the clamping mechanism 5 can move smoothly to the top of the bolt 4. When the clamping mechanism 5 completes the clamping of the bolt 4, The driving sprocket 72 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction by the No. 3 motor 71, so that the threaded rod 76 moves upward along the threaded groove, the clamping mechanism 5 is retracted into the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14, and the pressing plate 61 moves upward at the same time. The pressing plate 61 moves upward, so that the spring 64 loses resistance and rebounds, so that the movable plate 62 moves forward, and the locking plate 63 is pushed into the inner cavity of the detection chamber 14 again, and the locking plate 63 is located at the bottom of the clamping mechanism 5. At this time, the clamping mechanism 5 is controlled to move downward again, so that the bottom end of the bolt 4 enters the inner cavity of the locking groove 631, and moves downward and rotates through the clamping mechanism 5. Since the bottom end of the bolt 4 and the locking groove 631 are adapted to each other, torque and pressure can be provided to the bolt. When the bolt 4 is subjected to a certain torque and pressure, its internal defects such as cracks, inclusions, pores, etc. may affect the propagation of ultrasonic waves, resulting in reflection, scattering or attenuation of ultrasonic waves. By detecting the changes in these ultrasonic signals, it can be determined whether there are defects inside the bolt, as well as the location, size and nature of the defects.

[0029] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic device for detecting bolt stress, characterized in that: A detection device (1), wherein an ultrasonic generator (11) for generating ultrasonic signals is disposed inside the detection device (1), a signal receiver (12) for receiving ultrasonic signals is disposed below the ultrasonic generator (11), a conveyor belt (2) is disposed on one side of the detection device (1), and the conveyor belt (2) is used to transmit bolts (4), a detection chamber (14) is provided at the bottom of the detection device (1) above the conveyor belt (2), infrared sensors (15) for detecting the position of the bolts (4) are disposed on both sides of the detection chamber (14), and a partition plate (16) is disposed inside the detection device (1) above the detection chamber (14), and two thread grooves are disposed on the surface of the partition plate (16); A transmission mechanism (7), the transmission mechanism (7) being arranged inside the detection device (1) and located above the detection chamber (14), the transmission mechanism (7) comprising a third motor (71), an output end of the third motor (71) being provided with a driving sprocket (72), a bottom of the driving sprocket (72) being provided with a telescopic rod (75), a bottom end of the telescopic rod (75) being provided with a threaded rod (76), an outer side of the threaded rod (76) being mutually adapted with a spiral pattern provided on a surface of the partition plate (16); A clamping mechanism (5), the clamping mechanism (5) being arranged in the inner cavity of the detection chamber (14) and connected to the bottom end of the threaded rod (76), the clamping mechanism (5) being used to clamp bolts (4) of different sizes and models, a storage chamber (17) being provided on one side of the detection chamber (14), the inner cavity of the storage chamber (17) being provided with a locking mechanism (6) for providing torque and pressure to the bolts (4).

2. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (5) comprises a guide plate (51), a gear plate (52) is arranged at the top of the guide plate (51), a second motor (55) is arranged on one side of the gear plate (52), a driven gear (56) is arranged at the output end of the second motor (55), the outer edge of the driven gear (56) is meshed with the outer edge of the gear plate (52), at least three movable grooves (53) are provided on the surface of the gear plate (52), a connecting rod (54) is provided on the inner wall of the movable groove (53), a guide groove (511) is provided at the top of the guide plate (51), a linkage plate (57) is provided in the inner cavity of the guide groove (511), the top of the linkage plate (57) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod (54), and the bottom of the linkage plate (57) is fixedly connected to a clamping plate (58).

3. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (6) comprises a pressing plate (61), a movable plate (62) is arranged at the bottom of the pressing plate (61), corresponding surfaces of the pressing plate (61) and the movable plate (62) are arranged as mutually matching inclined surfaces, a spring (64) is arranged on one side of the movable plate (62), and a locking plate (63) is arranged on the other side of the movable plate (62), a locking groove (631) is arranged at the top of the locking plate (63), and the locking groove (631) is mutually matched with the bottom end of the bolt (4).

4. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer edge of the driving sprocket (72) is meshed with a chain (73), and the inner wall of the other end of the chain (73) is also meshed with a driven sprocket (74). A telescopic rod (75) and a threaded rod (76) are provided at the bottom end of the driven sprocket (74), and the top end of the threaded rod (76) is located above the pressure plate (61).

5. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the signal receivers (12) is set to two and is connected to a transmission line (13), one end of the transmission line (13) is located inside the clamping mechanism (5), and an ultrasonic probe is arranged inside the clamping mechanism (5).

6. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top end of the connecting rod (54) is provided with an anti-drop cap (541), the diameter of the anti-drop cap (541) is larger than the inner wall diameter of the movable groove (53), and a rubber block (581) is provided on the inner side of the clamping plate (58).

7. The device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first motor (22) is arranged at the top of one side of the conveyor belt (2), a baffle (21) is arranged at the output end of the first motor (22), a recovery bin (3) is arranged at one side of the conveyor belt (2), and a recovery slot (31) is opened at one side of the recovery bin (3).

8. A method for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress, characterized in that: The method uses the device for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1: Cleaning the bolt (4) to be inspected to remove oil, dust and other impurities on the surface, then placing the bolt (4) in a conveyor belt (2), conveying the bolt (4) through the conveyor belt (2), and when the bolt (4) moves to the bottom of the ultrasonic generator (11), clamping and fixing the bolt (4) through a clamping mechanism (5); S2: activating the ultrasonic generator (11), generating an ultrasonic signal and transmitting it to the bolt (4) through the ultrasonic probe; S3: The ultrasonic signal propagates inside the bolt (4) and is reflected back. The reflected ultrasonic signal is received by the signal receiver (12): S4: analyzing the received ultrasonic signal and determining the stress state inside the bolt (4) according to the signal characteristics; S5: Based on the judgment result, applying torque and pressure to the bolt (4) by controlling the detection device to further verify or adjust the stress state of the bolt (4); S6: According to the final test result, the transmission channel control mechanism baffle (21) is controlled to select the unqualified bolts into the recovery tank (31), and the qualified products enter the next process.

9. The method for ultrasonically detecting bolt stress according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, analyzing the received ultrasonic signal includes utilizing parameters such as reflection intensity, propagation time and frequency change of the ultrasonic signal.

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