Three-dimensional seismic post-stack data quality evaluation method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional seismic post-stack data quality evaluation method and device, equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: making a synthetic seismic record based on interval transit time logging information; judging whether a first condition is established or not, wherein the first condition is that the ratio of the number of wells with correspondence between the wave group characteristic of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristic of a well-side seismic channel in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data to the number of all wells exceeds a preset value; and based on the establishment of the first condition, determining that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable. According to the method, the rationality and reliability of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data can be objectively evaluated from the perspective of geology, and the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data can be evaluated more objectively and more conforming to geological laws.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for evaluating the quality of three-dimensional seismic post-stack data. Background Art

[0002] Oil and natural gas are stored in strata hundreds or even thousands of meters underground. Conventional oil and gas are mainly stored in traps, including structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and lithological traps. In most cases, they are composite traps formed by the combination of several traps. Unconventional oil and gas are mainly manifested in the non-trap accumulation mode of large-scale continuous oil reservoirs, among which sweet spots are favorable areas for oil and gas enrichment. The storage of oil and gas is affected by many factors such as stratum distribution, morphology, and tectonic movement. The storage method is extremely complex and the exploration is extremely difficult. Three-dimensional seismic exploration technology can accurately describe the underground structural morphology, reservoir characteristics, oil and gas distribution, etc., and can even understand geological details such as the spatial changes of sedimentary microfacies, playing a huge role in oil and gas exploration.

[0003] 3D seismic exploration technology refers to a set of work processes that collect seismic information that changes with time on the ground and process and interpret it in three-dimensional space. It is currently recognized by the world as an oil and gas exploration method with good geological effects and economic benefits. It mainly includes three links: seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Among them, seismic acquisition is the process of obtaining underground signals, processing is the process of data processing of seismic wave signals collected in the field to obtain underground geological information, and interpretation is the process of converting seismic wave information into geological information. Among them, processing is the key link between acquisition and interpretation. It is based on seismic acquisition and, after a series of data conversion and signal processing, ultimately provides 3D seismic exploration results data for interpreters and geologists. Its quality directly affects and even determines the correctness and reliability of the interpretation. Therefore, being able to objectively evaluate the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data is of great practical significance for improving the reliability of interpretation work and the success rate of oil and gas exploration.

[0004] At present, the evaluation of 3D seismic post-stack data mainly adopts two methods: mathematical method and visual experience method. The mathematical method mainly evaluates the parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, bandwidth and energy of the data; the visual experience method mainly evaluates the continuity of the same axis on the seismic section, wave group characteristics, fracture imaging effect, etc. However, the mathematical method can only prove the rationality of the data processing method from a mathematical perspective, and the visual experience method is greatly affected by human factors and has poor objectivity. Both methods cannot analyze the rationality and reliability of 3D seismic post-stack data from a geological perspective, so they both have certain limitations. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D seismic post-stack data quality evaluation method, device, equipment and medium to solve the problem that the prior art cannot analyze the rationality and reliability of 3D seismic post-stack data from a geological perspective.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for evaluating the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data is provided, comprising:

[0007] Produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-of-day logging data;

[0008] Determining whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells;

[0009] Based on the first condition being met, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0011] Determine whether a second condition is met, wherein the second condition is: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0012] Based on the fact that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0014] Determine whether a third condition is met, wherein the third condition is that the proportion of the number of wells showing blank sections of seismic reflections related to the homogeneous formation in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data to the total number of wells exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0015] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition and the third condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the homogeneous formation is a mudstone formation.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0018] Determine whether a fourth condition is met, wherein the fourth condition is that: wells in all wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific stratum belong to the same seismic attribute in a plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0019] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the specific stratum is a stratum having lithology changes in the vertical direction and sedimentary phase changes in the horizontal direction.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0022] Determine whether the fifth condition is met, wherein the fifth condition is that the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific formation interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the wave crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one wave crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees phase, the wave trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is one wave trough;

[0023] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the overlying strata and the thickness of the underlying strata of the specific stratum interface are both greater than the wavelength of the sub-wave, and there is a difference in the wave impedance of the overlying strata and the wave impedance of the underlying strata of the specific stratum interface.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0026] Determine whether the sixth condition is met, the sixth condition being that: the layer depth change of all wells in the same stratum corresponds to the change of the seismic reflection iso-axis; wherein the layer depth change is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic reflection iso-axis change is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0027] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes:

[0029] Determine whether the seventh condition is met, the seventh condition being: the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response at a stratum where a special geological phenomenon exists; wherein the stratum where the special geological phenomenon exists is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0030] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined value is 80% to 95%.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, a 3D seismic post-stack data quality evaluation device is provided, comprising:

[0033] A production module configured to produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-difference logging data;

[0034] A first judgment module is configured to judge whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells;

[0035] The determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the establishment of the first condition.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a second judgment module configured to judge whether a second condition is satisfied, wherein the second condition is: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0037] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition and the second condition both being met.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a third judgment module configured to judge whether a third condition is satisfied, wherein the proportion of the number of wells showing blank sections of seismic reflections related to the homogeneous formation in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data to the total number of wells exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0039] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition and the third condition all being satisfied.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a fourth judgment module configured to judge whether a fourth condition is satisfied, wherein the wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific stratum among all the wells belong to the same seismic attribute in a plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0041] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition all being satisfied.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises: a fifth judgment module configured to judge whether a fifth condition is satisfied, wherein the fifth condition is that the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific stratum interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the wave crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one wave crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees phase, the wave trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is one wave trough;

[0043] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition all being satisfied.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a sixth judgment module configured to judge whether a sixth condition is satisfied, wherein the sixth condition is that the layer depth variation of all wells in the same stratum corresponds to the seismic reflection iso-axis variation; wherein the layer depth variation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic reflection iso-axis variation is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0045] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition all being satisfied.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a seventh judgment module configured to judge whether a seventh condition is satisfied, wherein the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response at a stratum where a special geological phenomenon exists; wherein the stratum where the special geological phenomenon exists is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0047] The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition all being satisfied.

[0048] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising:

[0049] at least one processor; and

[0050] A memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0051] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in any one of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0052] In the technical solution of the present invention, the 3D seismic post-stack data is evaluated based on the logging data, which can objectively evaluate the rationality and reliability of the 3D seismic post-stack data from a geological perspective, thereby achieving a more objective and geologically consistent evaluation of the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between a synthetic seismic record and three-dimensional seismic post-stack data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 shows a cross-plot of amplitude and reflection coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing internal reflection characteristics of a homogeneous formation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0057] Figure 4 A diagram showing a matching diagram between seismic data partition characteristics and single well vertical lithology combination characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the change of geological layer depth and the change of seismic reflection isotropic axis according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are for distinguishing two non-identical entities with the same name or non-identical parameters. It can be seen that "first" and "second" are only for the convenience of expression and should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. The subsequent embodiments will not explain this one by one.

[0061] The present invention provides a 3D seismic post-stack data quality evaluation method, comprising:

[0062] Produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-of-day logging data;

[0063] Determining whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells;

[0064] Based on the first condition being met, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0065] The inventor of the present application realizes that acoustic time difference logging data and seismic data are geophysical data obtained in different ways that can reflect the information of underground stratum interface, and are macroscopically consistent, while acoustic time difference logging data is measured inside the stratum, and has higher accuracy and resolution. Therefore, in the technical solution of the present invention, the evaluation of 3D seismic post-stack data based on logging data can objectively evaluate the rationality and reliability of 3D seismic post-stack data from a geological perspective, and achieve a more objective and geologically consistent evaluation of the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data.

[0066] Artificial synthetic seismic records can be made based on the acoustic time difference logging data, thereby evaluating the rationality of the seismic data. First, the acoustic time difference logging data of all wells in the study area are collected, and environmental correction and standardization are performed. On this basis, artificial synthetic seismic records are made and stratigraphic calibration is performed. Afterwards, the artificial synthetic seismic records can be compared with the seismic traces near the well. When the wave group relationship representing the typical stratigraphic interface in the synthetic seismic record and the seismic traces near the well corresponds well, the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data of the well is considered to be reliable, otherwise it is considered to be unreliable. In some embodiments, when the wells with good calibration effects account for 85% or more of the total number of wells, the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable, that is, the predetermined value is 85%. In other embodiments, a suitable predetermined value can also be set according to actual conditions. For example, the predetermined value can be taken in the range of 80% to 95%. Reference Figure 1 The densely arranged multiple curves show the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data, and the middle curve shows the synthetic seismic record. The data closest to the logging position in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data (wellside seismic trace) can be compared with the synthetic seismic record.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0068] Determine whether a second condition is met, wherein the second condition is: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0069] Based on the fact that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0070] The inventors of the present application realized that the amplitude of the seismic standard layer is determined by the reflection coefficient of the reflection interface, and the reflection coefficient of the formation can be calculated based on the acoustic time difference logging and density logging data. Therefore, by intersecting the seismic amplitude of the standard layer with the calculated reflection coefficient, the rationality of the amplitude strength change can be determined.

[0071] Based on the synthetic seismic record, a seismic standard layer representing the thick stratum interface can be selected, and the reflection coefficient of the target seismic standard layer at all well locations can be read according to the synthetic seismic record. Then, the amplitude value of the target seismic standard layer at the well point can be read on the seismic data. A data pair consisting of a reflection coefficient and an amplitude value can be read for the target seismic standard layer at each well point. The reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the target seismic standard layer at all well points recorded are cross-analyzed. When the two show a positive correlation (for example Figure 2 As shown, multiple data points are roughly located on a straight line with a positive slope), and it is believed that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0072] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0073] Determine whether a third condition is met, the third condition being: the proportion of the number of wells in which the seismic reflection related to the homogeneous formation in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data presents a blank segment (in the present invention, the blank segment may be a generally blank segment, which may contain individual seismic reflections of weak amplitude) to the total number of wells exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the homogeneous formation may be, for example, a mudstone formation;

[0074] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition and the third condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0075] Based on synthetic seismic records, the core, logging and well logging data of all wells can be comprehensively analyzed to determine the lithology of the formation. On this basis, mudstone formations with a certain thickness and stable acoustic time difference logging response values ​​are selected, and the seismic reflection characteristics corresponding to the mudstone well section of all wells are analyzed. When the seismic reflection presents a large section of blank reflection or only a few weak amplitude seismic reflections (for example Figure 3When the number of wells with reliable quality accounts for 85% or more of the total number of wells, the quality of the set of 3D seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable, that is, the predetermined value is 85%. In other embodiments, a suitable predetermined value can also be set according to actual conditions, for example, the predetermined value can be set in the range of 80% to 95%.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0077] Determine whether a fourth condition is met, wherein the fourth condition is that: wells in all wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific stratum generally belong to the same seismic attribute in a plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0078] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0079] In some embodiments, the specific stratum is a stratum having lithology changes in the vertical direction and sedimentary phase changes in the lateral direction.

[0080] The inventors of the present application recognized that, based on the principles of seismic sedimentology, the seismic reflection waveform within a certain time window can reflect the vertical lithologic combination characteristics of the stratum, and the vertical lithologic combination characteristics can reflect the changes in the sedimentary phase. The sedimentary phase has zoning characteristics on the plane, so the seismic reflection waveform characteristics have zoning characteristics on the plane that are similar to the macroscopic sedimentary phase.

[0081] We can select the strata whose acoustic time difference logging curve can reflect the lithology change, and the strata whose vertical lithology changes and lateral sedimentary phase changes exist in the well. We can interpret the top and bottom surfaces of the strata, smooth and interpolate them after interpretation, and use the top and bottom surfaces as constraints to conduct waveform classification research and extract seismic attributes. We can select the attribute set whose algorithm correlation is poor but the result has high consistency. Finally, we can mark the vertical lithology combination characteristics of all wells on the seismic attributes. When the wells with the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics are consistent with the regular abnormal zones of seismic attributes on the plane, the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable. For example Figure 4 The wells with channel lithology combination belong to one seismic attribute on the plane, while the wells with shoal lithology combination belong to another seismic attribute on the plane.

[0082] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0083] Determine whether the fifth condition is met, the fifth condition being that: the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific formation interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the wave crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one wave crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees phase, the wave trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is one wave trough; the specific formation interface is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0084] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0085] In some embodiments, the thickness of the overlying strata and the thickness of the underlying strata of the specific stratum interface are both greater than the wavelength of the sub-wave, and there is a difference in the wave impedance of the overlying strata and the wave impedance of the underlying strata of the specific stratum interface.

[0086] Thick layers with large impedance differences can be selected, that is, the thickness of the overlying strata and the underlying strata of the stratum interface are both greater than the wavelength of the wavelet, the wave impedance of the overlying strata is greatly different from that of the underlying strata, and the acoustic time difference logging response value inside each stratum is stable. The characteristics of the seismic reflection isotropic axis representing the thick stratum interface at all well points are analyzed. When the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the peak corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one peak, the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data at the well is considered to be reliable. When the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees in phase, the trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is a trough, the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable. When multiple groups of seismic reflections appear at the thick interface, it is considered that the seismic data has an illusion.

[0087] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0088] Determine whether the sixth condition is met, the sixth condition being that: the layer depth change of all wells in the same stratum corresponds to the change of the seismic reflection iso-axis; wherein the layer depth change is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic reflection iso-axis change is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data;

[0089] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0090] We can select areas with similar acquisition conditions, simple overlying strata, no abnormal velocity geological bodies, and little stratum change in the study area, and analyze the relative relationship between the height of the seismic reflection isoaxial structure of each stratum and the corresponding relationship between the height of the well layer. When the trends of the two are consistent and the height difference is within the influence range of velocity change, the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable. For example, Figure 5 It is shown that the changes in the height of geological layers correspond to the changes in the height of the seismic reflection isotropic axis. On the contrary, when the structural trends of the two are contradictory, or the depth difference on the well and the time difference on the seismic data exceed the influence range of velocity changes, it is considered that there is a problem with the set of 3D seismic post-stack data.

[0091] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0092] Determine whether the seventh condition is met, the seventh condition being: the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response at a stratum where a special geological phenomenon exists; wherein the stratum where the special geological phenomenon exists is determined based on the synthetic seismic record;

[0093] Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0094] When there are typical special geological phenomena in the study area, the corresponding position in the 3D seismic post-stack data should have the seismic response of the geological phenomenon, mainly including angular unconformity, salt dome, intrusive rock mass, etc., and consistent with the geological characteristics of the completed well.

[0095] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reacquiring and / or processing the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data based on the fact that any one of the first condition to the seventh condition does not hold.

[0096] In summary, in order to objectively evaluate the rationality and reliability of 3D seismic post-stack data from a geological perspective, the present invention provides a solution for geological evaluation of the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data, so as to achieve a more objective and geologically consistent evaluation of the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data, improve the reliability of 3D seismic post-stack data, and lay the foundation for improving the efficiency and success rate of oil and gas exploration.

[0097] The scheme for evaluating the quality of three-dimensional seismic data based on geological and logging information provided by the present invention mainly includes seven aspects of evaluation, namely, wave group characteristic evaluation, amplitude characteristic evaluation, homogeneous formation reflection characteristic evaluation, zoning evaluation, thick layer interface reflection characteristic evaluation, structural matching evaluation, and special geological phenomenon analysis. The seven aspects are comprehensively analyzed to finally determine whether the quality of three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable. The present invention may include the following steps:

[0098] Step 1: Create synthetic seismic records and evaluate the wave group characteristics of 3D seismic data;

[0099] Step 2: Evaluation of the amplitude strength variation characteristics of the seismic standard layer;

[0100] Step 3: Evaluation of internal reflection characteristics of homogeneous formations;

[0101] Step 4: Seismic facies evaluation of 3D seismic post-stack data;

[0102] Step 5: Analysis of reflection characteristics of thick layer interface;

[0103] Step 6: Analysis of structural morphological relationships of geological standard layers;

[0104] Step 7: Analysis of special geological phenomena;

[0105] Step 8: Comprehensive analysis: Comprehensively analyze steps 1 to 7. When all steps show that the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable, the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is considered reliable. If one of the steps does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to analyze the reasons and make corrections (including re-collecting and / or processing seismic data) or give reasonable explanations until steps 1 to 7 meet the requirements.

[0106] The following is an explanation of the relevant terms mentioned in the present invention.

[0107] Artificial synthetic seismic record: a seismic record formed by artificially synthesizing and converting acoustic time-difference logging or vertical seismic profile data.

[0108] Three-dimensional seismic data: Three-dimensional seismic data obtained by collecting seismic information that changes with time on a plane and processing it in three-dimensional space.

[0109] Wave group: A combination of reflected waves generated by several relatively close reflection interfaces. It is generally composed of a standard wave and several adjacent reflected waves. It can be tracked continuously and has relatively stable waveform characteristics.

[0110] Acoustic time difference logging: a logging method that uses the differences in acoustic properties such as speed, amplitude and frequency when sound waves propagate in different rocks to study the characteristics of drilling formations.

[0111] Wellbore: The diameter of the drilling wellbore.

[0112] Environmental correction: Data processing work carried out to eliminate changes in response values ​​caused by non-formation factors in logging data.

[0113] Stratum calibration: Find the accurate reflection position of a stratum interface or sand body interface at the well location on the through-well seismic profile and determine the geological significance of the seismic reflection near the well.

[0114] Seismic standard layer: reflected waves with strong amplitude and relatively stable waveform characteristics, which are the main rock interfaces or stratigraphic interfaces.

[0115] Amplitude: The maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.

[0116] Reflection interface: the interface between two strata with different wave impedances, also known as wave impedance interface.

[0117] Reflection coefficient: the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave.

[0118] Density logging: A logging method that uses gamma rays emitted by a gamma source to irradiate the formation and measures the bulk density of the formation based on the Compton effect.

[0119] Peak: The maximum amplitude within a wavelength range.

[0120] Trough: The minimum amplitude within a wavelength range.

[0121] Homogeneous formation: A formation in which the physical properties of rock, such as velocity, density, porosity, and permeability, do not vary much from point to point.

[0122] Core: A cylindrical rock sample taken from the stratum using an annular core drill bit and other coring tools according to the needs of geological exploration or engineering.

[0123] Mud logging: During the entire drilling process, the direct and indirect systematic collection, recording and analysis of various information from the well is called mud logging.

[0124] Well logging: Geophysical logging is a method of measuring geophysical parameters by using the geophysical characteristics of rocks, such as electrochemical characteristics, conductive characteristics, acoustic characteristics, and radioactive characteristics.

[0125] Seismic sedimentology: The study of the sedimentary facies, lithology and geometric structure of sediments using spatial seismic reflection patterns and geomorphological characteristics of sedimentary systems.

[0126] Sedimentary facies: The combination of the characteristics of the sedimentary environment and the sediments formed in that environment.

[0127] Horizon interpretation: The process of tracking seismic reflections representing target geological horizons on 3D seismic post-stack data.

[0128] Waveform classification: A technology that classifies seismic waveforms on a plane according to their amplitude, frequency, phase and other characteristics, and forms a plane map.

[0129] Seismic attributes: Geometric, kinematic, dynamic or statistical characteristics of seismic waves obtained through mathematical transformation based on pre-stack or post-stack seismic data.

[0130] Wave impedance: The stress required to induce vibration in rock so that the particles produce unit vibration velocity.

[0131] Seismic wavelet: A short pulse vibration excited by an earthquake source, propagated through the underground and received is called a seismic wavelet of the vibration.

[0132] Seismic reflection isotropic axis: the line connecting the extreme values ​​of the same vibration phase on each trace on the seismic record.

[0133] Phase: For a wave, the position at a particular moment in its cycle.

[0134] Angular unconformity: The attitudes of the upper and lower sets of strata are inconsistent, and the strata contact relationship intersects at a certain angle.

[0135] Salt dome: A structure formed when salt rock and gypsum flow upward and squeeze into the surrounding rock, causing the overlying rock strata to arch and uplift.

[0136] Intrusion: An igneous body composed of intrusive rocks.

[0137] The present invention also provides a 3D seismic post-stack data quality evaluation device, comprising:

[0138] A production module configured to produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-difference logging data;

[0139] A first judgment module is configured to judge whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells;

[0140] The determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the establishment of the first condition.

[0141] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a second judgment module, configured to judge whether a second condition is met, the second condition being: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; and the determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the fact that both the first condition and the second condition are met.

[0142] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a third judgment module, configured to judge whether a third condition is met, and the third condition is: the number of wells in which seismic reflections related to homogeneous formations in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data show blank segments accounts for a proportion of all wells that exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record; and the determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition and the third condition are all met.

[0143] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a fourth judgment module, configured to judge whether a fourth condition is met, and the fourth condition is: all wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific formation belong to the same seismic attribute on the plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; and the determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition are all met.

[0144] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a fifth judgment module, configured to judge whether the fifth condition is met, and the fifth condition is: the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific formation interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees in phase, the trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is a trough; and the determination module is configured to: based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition are all met, determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0145] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a sixth judgment module, configured to judge whether a sixth condition is met, and the sixth condition is: the change in the stratified depth of all wells in the same formation corresponds to the change in the seismic reflection co-axial direction; wherein the change in the stratified depth is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the change in the seismic reflection co-axial direction is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; and the determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition are all met.

[0146] In some embodiments, the device also includes: a seventh judgment module, configured to judge whether a seventh condition is met, and the seventh condition is: the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response in the stratum where special geological phenomena exist; wherein the stratum where special geological phenomena exist is determined based on the synthetic seismic record; and the determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition are all met.

[0147] The present invention further proposes a computer device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0148] The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0149] The following is a description based on specific embodiments.

[0150] Step 1: Create synthetic seismic records and evaluate the wave group characteristics of 3D seismic data

[0151] First, the acoustic time difference logging data of all wells in the work area are corrected for the environment and standardized. On this basis, artificial synthetic seismic records of all wells are made for layer calibration, and the artificial synthetic seismic records are compared with the seismic traces near the wells ( Figure 1 ),Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that there are three wave groups between J3q and J2x, between J1s and J1b, and between T3b and T2k2, which are in good consistency with the artificial synthetic seismic records, indicating that the quality of the 3D seismic data at this well is reliable. Through statistical analysis of all wells, the wells with good calibration effects account for 92.7% of the total number of wells, so the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0152] Step 2: Evaluation of amplitude characteristics of seismic standard layers

[0153] On the basis of step 1, J1b is selected as the seismic standard layer to evaluate the relationship between its amplitude strength characteristics and the reflection coefficient on the well. First, the reflection coefficients of all wells in the J1b layer are read, and the amplitude values ​​of J1b at the well points are read on the seismic data. All the statistical reflection coefficients and amplitude values ​​are cross-analyzed ( Figure 2 ),Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the amplitude value of the J1b layer seismic data shows a good positive correlation with the reflection coefficient, that is, the amplitude value tends to increase with the increase of the reflection coefficient, and the coincidence rate is 87%. Therefore, it is believed that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0154] Step 3: Evaluation of internal reflection characteristics of homogeneous formations

[0155] On the basis of step 1, the core, logging and well logging data of all wells were comprehensively analyzed to determine the lithology of the formation. On this basis, the stable mudstone formation between T2k2 and T1b was selected ( Figure 3 ), the single curve in the middle is the artificial synthetic seismic record. It can be seen from the artificial synthetic seismic record that this section of the stratum has a strong homogeneity, so there are only a few interfaces with very small reflection coefficients inside. Figure 3The background (multiple dense curves) is 3D seismic post-stack data. It can be seen from the 3D seismic post-stack data that the 3D seismic post-stack data corresponding to T2k2 to T1b also show homogeneous characteristics internally, with large sections of blank reflections as a whole, and only a few discontinuous reflections with poor continuity and weak amplitude, which are highly consistent with the characteristics on the well. It is believed that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data at this well is reliable. Statistical analysis shows that wells with reliable quality account for 91.7% of the total number of wells, so the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is considered to be reliable.

[0156] Step 4: Seismic facies evaluation of 3D seismic post-stack data

[0157] The acoustic time difference curve is selected to reflect the lithology change. In addition, the J1b stratum with sedimentary phase change exists in the study area. The top and bottom surfaces of the stratum are interpreted and smoothed and interpolated. The waveform classification study is carried out with the top and bottom surfaces as constraints. Figure 4 ),Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the waveform shows a strong regular distribution on the plane, and the wells that appear as interlayers of sand and mudstone in the river channel are all in the same waveform classification anomaly area, and the wells that appear as thick sandstone in the heart bar are also in the same waveform classification anomaly area, indicating that the vertical lithology combination of a single well is highly consistent with the waveform classification regular anomaly zone on the plane. Wells with reliable quality account for 100% of the total number of wells, so it is believed that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0158] Step 5: Analysis of reflection characteristics of thick layer interfaces

[0159] Based on step one, the thick layers with large impedance difference in the formation interface K1tg and T1b were selected. The research results show that the seismic reflection iso-axis at all well points is a single existing wave peak, and there are no multiple sets of reflections. The analysis shows that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0160] Step 6: Analysis of structural morphological relationships of geological standard layers

[0161] The acquisition conditions in the southern part of the study area are similar. The overlying strata are simple in structure, there are no abnormal velocity geological bodies, and the strata change is not significant. Based on step 1, the relative relationship between the high and low structural heights of the seismic reflection symmetric axis of the P2w stratum and the corresponding relationship between the high and low stratification of the well are analyzed ( Figure 5 ),Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the depth of the geological stratification in the well and the isotropic axis of the seismic reflection have a consistent high-low variation trend, so it is believed that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0162] Step 7: Analysis of special geological phenomena

[0163] Based on the geological research results, the bottom boundary of T1b in the study area is an angular unconformity. On the basis of step one, the seismic reflection characteristics corresponding to T1b are analyzed, and a typical angular unconformity contact relationship exists. Therefore, it is considered that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is qualified.

[0164] Step 8: Comprehensive Analysis

[0165] Comprehensive analysis of steps one to seven shows that all steps prove that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable, so it is finally determined that the quality of this set of 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

[0166] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the concept of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the embodiments of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the quality of 3D seismic post-stack data. It is characterized in that include: Produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-of-day logging data; Determining whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells; Based on the first condition being met, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determine whether the second condition is met, wherein the second condition is: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; Based on the fact that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable.

3. The method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determine whether a third condition is met, wherein the third condition is that the proportion of the number of wells showing blank sections of seismic reflections related to the homogeneous formation in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data to the total number of wells exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record; Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition and the third condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

4. The method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The homogeneous stratum is a mudstone stratum.

5. The method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determine whether a fourth condition is met, wherein the fourth condition is that: wells in all wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific stratum belong to the same seismic attribute in a plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

6. The method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The specific stratum is a stratum having lithology changes in the vertical direction and sedimentary phase changes in the lateral direction.

7. The method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determine whether the fifth condition is met, wherein the fifth condition is that the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific formation interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the wave crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one wave crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees phase, the wave trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is one wave trough; Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

8. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The thickness of the overlying stratum and the thickness of the underlying stratum of the specific stratum interface are both greater than the wavelength of the sub-wave, and there is a difference in the wave impedance of the overlying stratum and the wave impedance of the underlying stratum of the specific stratum interface.

9. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determine whether the sixth condition is met, the sixth condition being that: the layer depth change of all wells in the same stratum corresponds to the change of the seismic reflection iso-axis; wherein the layer depth change is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic reflection iso-axis change is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

10. The method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that Also includes: Determining whether the seventh condition is met, the seventh condition being: the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response at a stratum where a special geological phenomenon exists; wherein the strata where the special geological phenomena exist are determined based on the synthetic seismic records; Based on the fact that the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition are all satisfied, it is determined that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable.

11. The method according to claim 1 or 3, It is characterized in that The predetermined value is 80% to 95%.

12. A 3D seismic post-stack data quality evaluation device, It is characterized in that include: A production module configured to produce synthetic seismic records based on acoustic time-difference logging data; A first judgment module is configured to judge whether a first condition is met, wherein the first condition is that the proportion of the number of wells having corresponding wave group characteristics of the synthetic seismic record and the wave group characteristics of the wellside seismic trace in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data exceeds a predetermined value in the total number of wells; The determination module is configured to: determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the establishment of the first condition.

13. The device according to claim 12, It is characterized in that Also includes: A second judgment module is configured to judge whether a second condition is met, wherein the second condition is: whether there is a positive correlation between the reflection coefficient and the amplitude value of the same seismic standard layer of all wells; wherein the reflection coefficient is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the amplitude value is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the 3D seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition and the second condition both being met.

14. The device according to claim 13, It is characterized in that Also includes: A third judgment module is configured to judge whether a third condition is met, wherein the third condition is that the proportion of the number of wells showing blank sections of seismic reflections related to the homogeneous formation in the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data to the total number of wells exceeds a predetermined value; wherein the homogeneous formation is determined based on the synthetic seismic record; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition and the third condition all being satisfied.

15. The device according to claim 14, It is characterized in that Also includes: a fourth judgment module, configured to judge whether a fourth condition is satisfied, wherein: wells having the same or similar vertical lithology combination characteristics in a specific stratum among all wells belong to the same seismic attribute in a plane; wherein the vertical lithology combination characteristics are determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic attribute is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition and the fourth condition all being satisfied.

16. The device according to claim 15, It is characterized in that Also includes: a fifth judgment module configured to judge whether a fifth condition is satisfied, wherein the fifth condition is that the seismic reflection iso-axis of all wells at a specific formation interface meets the following conditions: the seismic wavelet is zero phase, the wave crest corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and there is only one wave crest; or the seismic wavelet is 180 degrees phase, the wave trough corresponds to the positive reflection coefficient, and the reflection feature is one wave trough; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition and the fifth condition all being satisfied.

17. The device according to claim 16, It is characterized in that Also includes: A sixth judgment module is configured to judge whether a sixth condition is satisfied, wherein the sixth condition is that the layer depth change of all wells in the same stratum corresponds to the seismic reflection iso-axis change; wherein the layer depth change is determined based on the synthetic seismic record, and the seismic reflection iso-axis change is determined based on the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition and the sixth condition all being satisfied.

18. The device according to claim 17, It is characterized in that Also includes: a seventh judgment module, configured to judge whether a seventh condition is satisfied, wherein the third-dimensional seismic post-stack data has a corresponding seismic response at a stratum where a special geological phenomenon exists; wherein the strata where the special geological phenomena exist are determined based on the synthetic seismic records; The determination module is configured to determine that the quality of the three-dimensional seismic post-stack data is reliable based on the first condition, the second condition, the third condition, the fourth condition, the fifth condition, the sixth condition and the seventh condition all being satisfied.

19. A computer device, include: at least one processor; as well as A memory storing a computer program executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 when executing the program.

20. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, It is characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is implemented.

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