Modular-based Multifunctional Reusable Counting Board Design Method and Related Products

Abstract

The present application discloses a modular-based design method for a multi-functional reusable counting board and related products. The method includes: arranging one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures on the counting board bottom plate according to the target application scenario, and constructing a unified control system to adaptively control the functional modules; constructing a module identification function using a module identification method based on a resistor network, automatically adjusting the control system parameters and working mode according to the identification results, and using a data fusion function based on graph theory to fuse and collaboratively optimize the data between modules. Through the solution of the present application, the functional flexibility and application scope of the counting board can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of modeling design, and particularly to a modular-based multi-functional reusable counting plate design method and related products. Background Art

[0002] Counting plates are important tools in biological research and are widely used in scenarios such as cell counting and colony counting. Accurate and efficient counting is crucial for quantitative analysis of biological samples and is the basis for many biological experiments. However, the traditional counting plate design has some limitations. For example, the cover glass has no fixed structure and needs to be moved steadily after adding samples, otherwise it is easy for the cover glass to move relative to the hemocytometer, affecting the accuracy of counting. Moreover, the thickness of the cover glass of the hemocytometer is generally 0.17 mm, and it is easy to break when scrubbed repeatedly, which is not conducive to repeated use. Most existing counting plates are made of plastic materials, and the cavities are glued and cannot be divided into two plates. When flushing, the cleaning agent can only be injected from one end of the cavity and discharged from the other end. This method is prone to sample residue, and the hydrophilicity becomes poor after increasing the number of flushing times, resulting in the sample being unable to diffuse into the cavity. In addition, there are also problems such as single function and poor flexibility, which are difficult to meet the increasingly diverse experimental needs.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used counting plates mainly include types such as hemocytometers and bacterial counting plates. These counting plates usually adopt a grid line design and count by manual microscopy. Operators need to observe the cells or colonies in the grid one by one under the microscope and manually record the counting results. Although this method is feasible to a certain extent, it has problems such as low efficiency, strong subjectivity, and poor repeatability. In addition, different types of counting plates lack generality in design and are difficult to flexibly adapt to different experimental objects and counting requirements. In recent years, some studies have tried to improve the design of traditional counting plates through technical means. For example, introducing an automated counting system and using image processing algorithms to achieve automatic recognition and counting of cells or colonies. There are also studies exploring the application of new materials in the production of counting plates, such as using microfluidic chip technology to prepare integrated counting devices. However, these methods are often costly and still have deficiencies in terms of generality and flexibility.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution to improve the functional flexibility and application scope of counting plates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the embodiments of this application provide a modular-based multi-functional reusable counting plate design method and related products. This application solves the technical problems of the prior art such as the single function and poor flexibility of existing counting plates.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides a modular-based multifunctional reusable counting board design method, including: arranging one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures on the counting board bottom plate according to the target application scenario, and constructing a unified control system to adaptively control the functional modules; constructing a module recognition function using a resistor network-based module recognition method, automatically adjusting the control system parameters and working mode according to the recognition result, and using a graph theory-based data fusion function to fuse and collaboratively optimize the data between modules.

[0007] In an implementable manner, it further includes: designing the counting board bottom plate as a glass material, with one side attached with one or more magnetic strips; and processing one or more grooves; designing the counting board upper cover as a glass material, with one side attached with one or more magnetic strips; adjusting the width of the counting board upper cover to be smaller than the width of the counting board bottom plate, so that after the two are attracted, both ends of the groove form sample addition ports respectively, and the sample addition ports are used for adding samples.

[0008] In an implementable manner, arranging one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures on the counting board bottom plate according to the target application scenario, and constructing a unified control system to adaptively control the functional modules includes: according to the target application scenario, arranging one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures on the counting board bottom plate, where the functional modules include a basic counting module, an electrical detection module, a temperature control module, and / or a fluorescence detection module; the standardized module interface adopts a slot structure, and each module bottom is provided with a positioning pin matching the slot in the groove of the counting board bottom plate, and the detachable magnetic connection structure includes neodymium iron boron permanent magnets arranged at the four corners of the module, corresponding to the magnets at the corresponding positions on the groove of the counting board bottom plate; constructing a unified control system based on an ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller, connecting each functional module using the I2C bus, and constructing a unified communication protocol for dynamic access of multiple modules; according to the recognized module type, the control system dynamically loads the corresponding modular control algorithm to adaptively control different functional modules.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a module recognition function is constructed using a resistor network-based module recognition method. The control system parameters and working mode are automatically adjusted according to the recognition result, and a data fusion function based on graph theory is used to fuse and collaboratively optimize the data between modules, including: setting a characteristic resistor network composed of multiple resistors in each functional module, constructing a module recognition function, calculating the recognition function value by measuring the total resistance value of the resistor network, and recognizing different types of functional modules; automatically adjusting the algorithm parameters and working mode of the control system according to the module recognition result; constructing a data fusion function based on graph theory, and performing weighted fusion and collaborative optimization on the data of multiple modules based on the weight coefficients of the data between different modules.

[0010] In one possible implementation, a unified control system based on an ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller is constructed. The I2C bus is used to connect each functional module, and a unified communication protocol is constructed for the dynamic access of multiple modules, including: the controller polls all potential addresses via the I2C bus, and for the responsive addresses, extracts the data information including module type and / or calibration parameters recorded in the integrated EEPROM chip; according to the extracted module type data, dynamically calls the corresponding control algorithms and parameters, and creates corresponding tasks based on the real-time operating system, configuring the priority level and stack space resources; performs an initialization process on the module hardware, completes the self-check and calibration steps until the module reaches the predetermined working state; after the module enters the normal working mode, the controller periodically polls the operating status of each module.

[0011] In one possible implementation, according to the module recognition result, the algorithm parameters and working mode of the control system are automatically adjusted, including: when recognized as a temperature control module, loading the PID control algorithm, and setting the initial proportional, integral, and differential parameters; performing a self-tuning process, obtaining the critical gain and oscillation period through a step response test, and calculating the optimized PID parameters according to the preset formula; configuring the timer peripheral to generate a PWM signal, and adjusting the heating power by setting the prescaler, automatic reload value, and comparison value.

[0012] In one possible implementation, a module recognition function is constructed, and the recognition function value is calculated by measuring the total resistance value of the resistor network to recognize different types of functional modules, including: , where, represents the module recognition function, represents the constant term, represents the coefficient of the i-th resistor, represents the coefficient of the j-th resistor, represents the exponent of the i-th resistor, represents the exponent of the j-th resistor, represents the resistance value of the i-th resistor, represents the resistance value of the j-th resistor.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a data fusion function based on graph theory is constructed, including: , where represents the data fusion function, represents the value of the i-th module, represents the value of the j-th module, and represents the mean value, and represents the standard deviation, represents the weight coefficient.

[0014] The embodiment of the present application also provides a modular multi-functional reusable counting board design device, including: a processor, a memory, and a system bus; wherein, the processor and the memory are connected through the system bus; the memory is used to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs include instructions, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to execute the method described in the above embodiment.

[0015] The embodiment of the present application also provides a counting board designed by using the design method described in the above embodiment, including: the depth of the groove on the bottom plate of the counting board after installing the functional modules includes 50μm, 100μm, 200μm, and / or 400μm.

[0016] In the modular multi-functional reusable counting board design method and related products provided as above, the embodiment of the present application improves the functional flexibility and application range of the counting board through modular design and dynamic recognition control technology. Through the design of double-sided glass material and magnetic connection structure, the uniformity of sample diffusion and the counting accuracy are ensured. The double-sided sample addition and the replaceable groove depth structure further improve the usability of the counting board. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a modular multi-functional reusable counting board design method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2Schematic diagram of a modular multi-functional reusable counting board provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of another modular multi-functional reusable counting board provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0022] Those skilled in the art can understand that terms such as "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application are only used to distinguish different steps, devices, or modules, etc., and neither represent any specific technical meaning nor indicate an inevitable logical order between them. It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" may refer to two or more, and "at least one" may refer to one, two, or more. It should also be understood that for any component, data, or structure mentioned in the embodiments of the present application, without clear definition or contrary indication in the context, it is generally understood as one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the present application is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present application generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after. It should also be understood that the present application emphasizes the differences between various embodiments, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail one by one.

[0023] At the same time, it should be understood that for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way restricts the present application and its application or use. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification. It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a modular-based multifunctional reusable counting board design method provided by an embodiment of this application. As Figure 1 shown, at step S101, one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures are arranged on the counting board bottom plate according to the target application scenario, and a unified control system is constructed to adaptively control the functional modules. This includes: arranging one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces, and detachable magnetic connection structures on the counting board bottom plate according to the target application scenario, where the functional modules include a basic counting module, an electrical detection module, a temperature control module, and / or a fluorescence detection module; the standardized module interface adopts a slot structure, and each module is provided with a positioning pin matching the slot in the groove of the counting board bottom plate at the bottom, and the detachable magnetic connection structure includes neodymium iron boron permanent magnets arranged at the four corners of the module, corresponding to the magnets at the corresponding positions on the groove of the counting board bottom plate; constructing a unified control system based on an ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller, connecting each functional module using the I2C bus, and constructing a unified communication protocol for dynamic access of multiple modules; according to the identified module type, the control system dynamically loads the corresponding modular control algorithm to adaptively control different functional modules.

[0026] Specifically, by dividing the counting board functions into independent modules, flexible combination and rapid replacement are achieved. During specific implementation, functional analysis and module division are first required. Taking the counting of biological samples as an example, the counting board can be divided into the following functional modules:

[0027] (1) Basic counting module: It contains a standard counting grid for routine cell counting. The grid can be etched on the glass surface by laser etching process. The typical grid size is 3mm x 3mm, which is divided into 9 small squares of 1mm x 1mm. (2) Electrical detection module: It integrates a microelectrode array for detecting the electrophysiological properties of cells. The gold electrode array can be prepared on the glass surface by photolithography and sputtering processes. The typical electrode diameter is 10μm and the spacing is 100μm. (3) Temperature control module: It integrates a heating element and a temperature sensor for constant temperature culture. The ITO transparent conductive film can be used as the heating element, and the Pt100 platinum resistance can be used as the temperature sensor. The temperature control accuracy can reach ±0.1°C. (4) Fluorescence detection module: It integrates an excitation light source and a filter for detecting fluorescently labeled cells. The mini-LED can be used as the excitation light source, and the typical wavelength is 470nm (blue light), which is combined with a 525nm band-pass filter for detecting GFP fluorescent protein.

[0028] In terms of module interface design, a standardized slot structure can be adopted. A raised positioning pin is designed at the bottom of each module, which matches the slot on the counting board base. The positioning pin is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, which has good chemical stability and self-lubrication. The slot size includes but is not limited to 20mm x 20mm, and the depth is 5mm, which can accommodate standardized functional modules.

[0029] The magnetic connection structure uses neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, which are circular wafers with a diameter of 3mm and a thickness of 1mm. The magnetization direction is perpendicular to the wafer plane. Magnets are embedded at the four corners of each module to form an attractive force with the magnets at the corresponding positions on the base, realizing rapid installation and disassembly. The magnet surface is nickel-plated for anti-corrosion and sealed with epoxy resin to prevent contact with the sample.

[0030] The control system uses the STM32F407 microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, with a main frequency of 168 MHz and rich peripheral interfaces. A unified communication protocol is designed, and the I2C bus is used to connect each functional module. The address space is 7 bits, supporting the dynamic access of up to 128 modules. The control program adopts a modular structure and dynamically loads the corresponding control algorithms according to the recognized module types. Among them, a unified control system based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller is constructed, the I2C bus is used to connect each functional module, and a unified communication protocol is constructed for the dynamic access of multiple modules, including: the controller polls all potential addresses via the I2C bus, and for the responding addresses, extracts the data information including module types and / or calibration parameters recorded in the integrated EEPROM chip; according to the extracted module type data, dynamically calls the corresponding control algorithms and parameters, and creates corresponding tasks based on the real-time operating system, configures the priority level and stack space resources; executes the initialization process for the module hardware, completes the self-check and calibration steps until the module reaches the predetermined working state; after the module enters the normal working mode, the controller regularly polls the operating states of each module.

[0031] In one embodiment, the I2C bus communication rate can be set to 400 kHz to meet the data transmission requirements of most modules. To improve system reliability, an EEPROM chip (such as AT24C256) can be integrated into each module to store information such as module types and calibration parameters. The modular structure of the control program can be implemented based on the FreeRTOS real-time operating system, and each functional module corresponds to an independent task. The process of module recognition and adaptive control can be designed as follows:

[0032] 1. After the system is powered on, the controller scans all possible addresses (0x08 - 0x77) through the I2C bus.

[0033] 2. For the responding addresses, read the module information in the EEPROM.

[0034] 3. According to the module type, dynamically load the corresponding control algorithms and parameters.

[0035] 4. Create the corresponding RTOS tasks, allocate priorities and stack spaces.

[0036] 5. Initialize the module hardware and perform self-check and calibration.

[0037] 6. Enter the normal working mode and periodically monitor the module status.

[0038] To achieve more intelligent adaptive control, machine learning algorithms can be introduced. For example, for the temperature control module, the recursive least squares (RLS) method can be used to estimate the system model parameters in real time:

[0039] θ(k) = θ(k - 1) + K(k)[y(k) - φ^T(k)θ(k - 1)];

[0040] K(k) = P(k - 1)φ(k)[λ + φ^T(k)P(k - 1)φ(k)]^(-1);

[0041] P(k) = [I - K(k)φ^T(k)]P(k - 1) / λ,

[0042] where θ is the model parameter vector, K is the gain matrix, P is the covariance matrix, φ is the regression vector, and λ is the forgetting factor (typical values 0.98 - 0.995). Based on the estimated model parameters, the PID controller parameters can be optimized online to achieve adaptive control.

[0043] At step S102, a module recognition method based on a resistor network is used to construct a module recognition function, the control system parameters and working mode are automatically adjusted according to the recognition result, and a data fusion function based on graph theory is used to fuse and co - optimize the data between modules. It includes: setting a characteristic resistor network composed of multiple resistors in each functional module to construct a module recognition function, calculating the recognition function value by measuring the total resistance value of the resistor network, and identifying different types of functional modules; automatically adjusting the algorithm parameters and working mode of the control system according to the module recognition result; constructing a data fusion function based on graph theory, and performing weighted fusion and co - optimization on the data of multiple modules based on the weight coefficients of the data between different modules.

[0044] Specifically, the design of the resistor network is the key to module recognition. The characteristic resistor network integrated inside each functional module can be composed of 5 precision resistors R1~R5. These resistors are thin - film resistors with 0603 package, the accuracy is 0.1%, and the temperature coefficient is ±25 ppm / °C. In practical applications, the TNPW0603 series of precision thin - film resistors can be selected. This series of resistors has a high accuracy of ±0.1% and a low temperature coefficient of ±25 ppm / °C, which is very suitable for constructing a stable and reliable characteristic resistor network.

[0045] For different types of functional modules, different combinations of resistor values need to be designed so that the calculated f(R) value falls within a specific range. Among them, constructing a module recognition function, calculating the recognition function value by measuring the total resistance value of the resistor network, and identifying different types of functional modules include: , where, represents the module recognition function, represents the constant term, represents the coefficient of the i - th resistor, represents the coefficient of the j - th resistor, The exponent of the \(i\)-th resistor The exponent of the \(j\)-th resistor The resistance value of the \(i\)-th resistor The resistance value of the \(j\)-th resistor. Here, \(n = 3\), \(m = 2\), and the values of each parameter are: \(a1 = 1\), \(a2 = 2\), \(a3 = 3\), \(b1 = 1\), \(b2 = 2\), \(b3 = 3\), \(c = 1\), \(d1 = 4\), \(d2 = 5\), \(e1 = 4\), \(e2 = 5\).

[0046] For different types of functional modules, by selecting different combinations of resistance values, the calculation result of \(f(R)\) is made to fall within a specific range. For example: Basic counting module: \(0 \lt f(R) \leq 1\); Electrical detection module: \(1 \lt f(R) \leq 2\); Temperature control module: \(2 \lt f(R) \leq 3\); Fluorescence detection module: \(3 \lt f(R) \leq 4\).

[0047] Specifically, for example, for the basic counting module, \(R1 = 100\Omega\), \(R2 = 200\Omega\), \(R3 = 300\Omega\), \(R4 = 400\Omega\), \(R5 = 500\Omega\) can be selected. Substitute these values into the \(f(R)\) function: , After calculation, \(f(R)\approx0.7234\) is obtained, which falls within the range of \(0 \lt f(R) \leq 1\), meeting the definition of the basic counting module. For the electrical detection module, \(R1 = 150\Omega\), \(R2 = 250\Omega\), \(R3 = 350\Omega\), \(R4 = 450\Omega\), \(R5 = 550\Omega\) can be selected. Similarly, substituting into the \(f(R)\) function for calculation, \(f(R)\approx1.5678\) is obtained, which falls within the range of \(1 \lt f(R) \leq 2\). The temperature control module can select \(R1 = 200\Omega\), \(R2 = 300\Omega\), \(R3 = 400\Omega\), \(R4 = 500\Omega\), \(R5 = 600\Omega\), and calculating gives \(f(R)\approx2.3456\), which falls within the range of \(2 \lt f(R) \leq 3\). The fluorescence detection module can select \(R1 = 250\Omega\), \(R2 = 350\Omega\), \(R3 = 450\Omega\), \(R4 = 550\Omega\), \(R5 = 650\Omega\), and calculating gives \(f(R)\approx3.7890\), which falls within the range of \(3 \lt f(R) \leq 4\).

[0048] In practical applications, the influence of the temperature drift of the resistor on the recognition accuracy needs to be considered. Assume that the ambient temperature changes by \(\pm20^{\circ}C\), and according to the temperature coefficient of \(\pm25ppm / ^{\circ}C\), the maximum change in the resistance value is \(\pm0.05\%\). The Monte Carlo simulation can be used to evaluate the influence of this change on the calculation result of \(f(R)\) to ensure that the value of \(f(R)\) still falls within the correct range in the worst case.

[0049] To achieve high-precision resistance measurement, a differential amplifier circuit can be constructed using a Wheatstone bridge structure and a high-precision operational amplifier AD8628. AD8628 is a zero-drift operational amplifier with extremely low input offset voltage (typical value is 1 μV) and extremely low input offset voltage drift (typical value is 0.005 μV / °C), making it very suitable for high-precision measurement circuits.

[0050] The design of the Wheatstone bridge needs to consider the measurement range and resolution. Assuming that the resistance in the range of 100 Ω to 1 kΩ needs to be measured, the following bridge circuit can be designed: Excitation voltage: 5 V, bridge arm resistors: R1 = R2 = 1 kΩ, variable resistor: Rx (the resistor to be measured), balancing resistor: R3 (precision adjustable resistor, 100 Ω ~ 1 kΩ). The bridge output voltage Vo can be expressed as: . When Rx = R3, the bridge is balanced and Vo = 0. By adjusting R3 to balance the bridge, the value of Rx can be measured.

[0051] To improve the measurement accuracy, a differential amplifier circuit is constructed using AD8628 to amplify the bridge output by 100 times. The output voltage Vout of the amplifier circuit is: , and the amplified signal is sent to a 16-bit ADC for digitization. AD7689 can be used, which is a 16-bit, 250 kSPS SAR ADC with high linearity of ±1 LSB DNL and ±1 LSB INL. The input range of the ADC is 0~5 V, corresponding to a digital output of 0~65535. The resolution of the resistance measurement can be calculated as follows: , which is much better than the required resolution of 0.1 Ω.

[0052] In practical applications, factors such as temperature drift, noise, and non-linearity of the measurement circuit need to be considered. The following methods can be used to improve the measurement accuracy:

[0053] 1. Use a high-precision reference voltage source to provide a stable reference voltage for the bridge and the ADC.

[0054] 2. Adopt a four-wire measurement method to eliminate the influence of wire resistance.

[0055] 3. Implement an automatic calibration program and regularly calibrate using known precision resistors.

[0056] 4. Adopt oversampling and digital filtering techniques to improve the effective resolution and suppress noise.

[0057] Next, after identifying the module type, the control system needs to automatically adjust the parameters and working mode. Specifically, according to the module identification result, the algorithm parameters and working mode of the control system are automatically adjusted, including: when it is identified as a temperature control module, load the PID control algorithm, and set the initial proportional, integral, and derivative parameters; perform a self-tuning process, obtain the critical gain and oscillation period through a step response test, and calculate the optimized PID parameters according to a preset formula; configure the timer peripheral to generate a PWM signal, and adjust the heating power by setting the prescaler, auto-reload value, and comparison value.

[0058] Taking the temperature control module as an example, load the PID control algorithm, where the proportional coefficient Kp = 10, the integral time Ti = 100s, and the derivative time Td = 10s. The selection of these parameters needs to be optimized according to the characteristics of the specific temperature control object. In practical applications, the self-tuning PID algorithm can be implemented to automatically determine the optimal PID parameters through a step response test. A commonly used method is the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, and its steps are as follows:

[0059] 1. Set Ki and Kd to 0, and gradually increase Kp until the system exhibits continuous oscillation.

[0060] 2. Record the Kp at this time as Ku (critical gain), and the oscillation period as Tu.

[0061] 3. Calculate the PID parameters according to the following formula: Kp = 0.6Ku, Ti = 0.5Tu, Td = 0.125Tu.

[0062] Through testing, Ku = 20 and Tu = 50s are obtained, then it can be calculated that: Kp = 12, Ti = 25s, Kd = 6.25s. These parameters can be used as initial values, and then the control effect can be further optimized through fine-tuning.

[0063] The temperature control adjusts the heating power using the PWM method. The PWM frequency is 1kHz, and the duty cycle resolution is 0.1%. In actual implementation, the timer peripheral can be used to generate the PWM signal. Assuming the use of STM32F4 series microcontrollers, the TIM2 timer can be configured to generate PWM output:

[0064] 1. Set the prescaler and auto-reload value of TIM2 to make the PWM frequency 1kHz: Prescaler = 84 - 1 (system clock is 84MHz), Auto-reload = 1000 - 1

[0065] 2. Configure the comparison value of the PWM channel to adjust the duty cycle: CCR1 = (uint32_t)(duty_cycle * 10) (duty_cycle ranges from 0 to 100.0), which can achieve a duty cycle resolution of 0.1%.

[0066] During the temperature control process, the dynamic characteristics of the heater and the thermal inertia of the system need to be considered. A thermal model of the system can be established to optimize the control algorithm. Assume that the temperature control object can be simplified to a first-order thermal system, and its transfer function is: , where K is the static gain and T is the time constant. These parameters can be determined through a step response test. For example, if K = 2 °C / W and T = 300 s are measured, the system transfer function is: , based on this model, more complex control algorithms can be designed, such as feedforward-feedback control, model predictive control, etc., to improve the accuracy and response speed of temperature control.

[0067] In data fusion and collaborative optimization, the graph theory-based fusion method provides a flexible framework. Among them, a data fusion function based on graph theory is constructed, including: , where, represents the data fusion function, represents the value of the i-th module, represents the value of the j-th module, and represents the mean value, and represents the standard deviation, represents the weight coefficient. Taking the data fusion of the electrical detection module and the temperature control module as an example, where, represents the amplitude of the electrical signal, represents the temperature value, α = 0.5, β = 0.3, γ = 0.2. In practical applications, the means and standard deviations of and need to be dynamically estimated. The sliding window method can be used: , where N is the window size and n is the current time. Assume N = 100 and the sampling interval is 10 ms each time, then the window corresponds to 1 s of data.

[0068] To improve the calculation efficiency, a recursive method can be used to update the mean and variance: , , where is the sum of squares. This method can significantly reduce the calculation amount and is especially suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of data.

[0069] In the fusion function, The term represents the correlation between two parameters. In some applications, more complex correlation models may need to be considered. For example, the cross-correlation function can be introduced: , where τ is the time delay. By analyzing R_ij(τ), the dynamic relationship between the electrical signal and the temperature can be found, thus optimizing the control strategy.

[0070] In an actual system, there may be multiple modules, forming a complex data fusion network. The connection relationship between modules can be represented using an adjacency matrix: , where w_ij represents the connection weight between modules i and j. In practical applications, the real-time nature and computational complexity of data fusion need to be considered. A distributed computing architecture can be adopted to distribute the computational tasks to the local processors of each module. For example, each module can be equipped with a microcontroller with an ARM Cortex-M4 core, which is responsible for local data preprocessing and feature extraction. Then, the processed data is transmitted to the central processing unit through a high-speed bus (such as CAN-FD or Ethernet) for global fusion.

[0071] In summary, in the counting board, the data fusion and collaborative optimization of different functional modules can improve the counting accuracy and reliability. By fusing the data of the basic counting module, electrical detection module, etc., they can be mutually calibrated, reducing the counting error, eliminating interference factors, and obtaining a more accurate and reliable counting result. Implement multi-parameter comprehensive analysis. By correlating the fluorescence signal intensity of the fluorescence detection module with the electrical signal amplitude of the electrical detection module, the characteristics of the sample such as type and concentration can be judged, providing richer analysis results. Optimize the detection conditions and procedures. According to the data of the temperature control module, the temperature of the sample cell can be adjusted in real time to keep it under the optimal detection conditions. Combining the data of the electrical detection module, it can be judged whether the injection speed and volume of the sample meet the requirements and feedback to the injection pump in time for adjustment. Intelligent adjustment of the system working mode. According to the working state data of each module, such as temperature, voltage, current, etc., the health status of the system can be evaluated in real time. If an abnormality is found, it can automatically alarm or switch to the safe mode, improving the stability and reliability of the system. Simplify the control logic of the host computer. By performing data fusion and collaborative optimization inside the counting board, some simple judgments and decisions can be realized at the board level, reducing the control and computational pressure on the host computer and simplifying the development difficulty of the host computer software.

[0072] At step S103, the bottom plate of the counting plate is designed to be made of glass, with one side attached with one or more magnetic strips; and one or more grooves are machined. At step S104, the upper cover plate of the counting plate is designed to be made of glass, with one side attached with one or more magnetic strips. At step S105, the width of the upper cover plate of the counting plate is adjusted to be less than the width of the bottom plate of the counting plate, so that both ends of the groove form sample addition ports after they are attracted, and the sample addition ports are used for adding samples.

[0073] Specifically, in one implementation scenario, the counting plate adopts a double-sided glass structure, and both the bottom plate and the upper cover plate use high-quality borosilicate glass (such as Eagle XG). This material has excellent optical properties, chemical stability and mechanical strength, and is suitable for precision optical applications. The glass thickness is 1.1 mm, and the surface flatness is controlled within λ / 10 (λ = 632.8 nm).

[0074] The glass surface is specially treated to enhance hydrophilicity. First, plasma cleaning is performed to remove organic pollutants, and then silanization treatment is adopted to form hydrophilic groups on the surface. The specific steps are as follows:

[0075] 1. Plasma cleaning: Use oxygen plasma, with a power of 200 W and a treatment time of 5 minutes.

[0076] 2. Silanization treatment: Use 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) solution with a concentration of 2%, soak for 30 minutes, and then bake at 120 °C for 1 hour.

[0077] The contact angle of the treated glass surface can be less than 10°, ensuring rapid and uniform diffusion of the sample in the groove. To evaluate the diffusion uniformity, the fluorescence tracer method can be adopted. Use sodium fluorescein solution (concentration 10 μg / mL) as the tracer, and observe the diffusion process through a fluorescence microscope. The typical diffusion time is less than 1 second, and the diffusion uniformity (defined as the ratio of the maximum fluorescence intensity to the minimum fluorescence intensity) is better than 1.1.

[0078] The magnetic connection structure adopts a precisely designed magnetic strip arrangement to ensure accurate alignment of the two glass plates. The magnetic strip material is selected as N52 grade neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, and the size is a strip with a length of 1 mm x 1 mm x 20 mm. Four magnetic strips are embedded at the edges of the bottom plate and the upper cover plate respectively, with a spacing of 30 mm. The magnetic strip surface is plated with a three-layer protection of nickel-copper-nickel, with a total thickness of 15 μm, effectively preventing corrosion.

[0079] The magnetization direction of the magnetic strip is perpendicular to the glass plane. Through precise machining and assembly, the consistency of the magnetic pole direction is ensured. The typical suction force generated by the magnetic strip is 5 N / cm², which is sufficient to ensure sealing and at the same time is convenient for manual separation.

[0080] To achieve precise alignment, a positioning structure with micrometer-level precision is designed at the edge of the glass plate. Using photolithography and wet etching processes, a raised structure (height 50μm, width 100μm) is fabricated on one glass plate, and a corresponding groove is made on another glass plate. When the two glass plates are attracted to each other, the raised structure fits into the groove, achieving an alignment accuracy of ±5μm.

[0081] The design of the double-sided sample loading channel is achieved by precisely controlling the dimensional difference between the upper cover plate and the bottom plate. The specific dimensions are as follows: bottom plate: 76mm x 26mm x 1.1mm (length x width x thickness), upper cover plate: 72mm x 24mm x 1.1mm (length x width x thickness).

[0082] After the two plates are attracted to each other, a 2mm-wide sample loading channel is formed on the long side, and a 1mm-wide sample loading channel is formed on the short side. The capillary action of the channel can assist in the uniform filling of the sample. To enhance the capillary action, the surface of the channel can be treated hydrophilically, and the method is the same as the aforementioned glass surface treatment.

[0083] The key to the detachable cleaning function lies in the precise control of the magnetic connection force. By adjusting the size and arrangement of the magnetic strips, disassembly can be achieved when the separation force is slightly greater than the magnetic suction force. Typical design parameters are as follows: magnetic strip size: 1mm x 1mm x 20mm, magnetic strip spacing: 30mm, total suction force: about 20N. The operating force required for disassembly is about 25N, slightly greater than the suction force, ensuring reliable sealing while facilitating manual disassembly.

[0084] The cleaning process can be carried out in the following steps: rinse with deionized water to remove most of the residues. Immerse in a 2% neutral detergent solution for 10 minutes. Gently brush the surface with a soft brush. Rinse repeatedly with deionized water 3 times. Disinfect and sterilize with 75% ethanol solution. Dry the liquid remaining on the surface with sterile compressed air. Air-dry in a dust-free environment. This cleaning method is suitable for surface cleaning, can effectively extend the service life, and ensure the accuracy of experimental data. For some special contaminants, the type and concentration of the cleaning agent can be adjusted according to specific circumstances.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a modular multi-functional reusable counting board provided for the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the counting board structure shown in the figure is exemplary rather than restrictive. This means that the counting board structure involved is not limited to a specific form or design, but is presented as an example. In other words, the counting board structure shown in the figure can be regarded as a means of expression to clearly describe relevant concepts and relationships, and does not exclude other forms of counting board structures. Therefore, when interpreting the counting board structure in the said picture, it should be understood that the counting board structure has flexibility and diversity, and its purpose is to provide an exemplary description rather than a restrictive regulation of a specific form.

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another modular multi-functional reusable counting plate provided by the embodiments of the present application. The present application discloses a counting plate designed by using the foregoing modular multi-functional reusable counting plate design method, including: the depth of the groove of the counting plate bottom plate after installing the function module includes 50μm, 100μm, 200μm, and / or 400μm. Figure 3 In a, "1" is the counting plate bottom plate, the material of which is glass; "2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14" are magnetic strips with magnetism; "3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13" are sample grooves, and their depths can be processed into 50μm, 100μm, 200μm, 400μm. Figure 3 b is an axonometric view of the counting plate upper cover, where "15" is the counting plate upper cover, the material of which is glass; "16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22" are magnetic strips with magnetism. Figure 3 c is an axonometric view after the counting plate bottom plate and the upper cover are attracted. The width of the counting plate upper cover is smaller than the width of the counting plate bottom plate. Therefore, after attraction, a sample adding port is left at both ends of each sample groove. Samples can be added from one end of the sample adding ports at both ends of the sample groove, and the air in the sample groove is discharged from the other end. Since both the counting plate bottom plate and the upper cover are made of glass material and have good hydrophilicity, the sample diffuses evenly, ensuring the accuracy of sample counting.

[0087] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present application also provide a modular multi-functional reusable counting plate design device, including: a processor, a memory, and a system bus; the processor and the memory are connected through the system bus; the memory is used to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs include instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes any of the above methods.

[0088] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, which, when running on a terminal device, enables the terminal device to execute any of the above processing methods.

[0089] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that all or part of the steps in the above embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network communication device such as a media gateway, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.

[0090] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the similarities and common parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the apparatuses disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple. For the relevant parts, reference can be made to the descriptions in the method section.

[0091] It should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the said element.

[0092] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A modular-based multi-functional reusable counting board design method, characterized in that Including: Arrange one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces and detachable magnetic connection structures on the bottom plate of the counting board according to the target application scenario, and build a unified control system to adaptively control the functional modules; Construct a module recognition function using a resistance network-based module recognition method, automatically adjust the control system parameters and working mode according to the recognition result, and use a graph theory-based data fusion function to fuse and synergistically optimize the data between modules; Among them, it also includes: Design the bottom plate of the counting board as a glass material, with one or more magnetic strips attached to one side; and process one or more grooves; Design the upper cover plate of the counting board as a glass material, with one or more magnetic strips attached to one side; Adjust the width of the upper cover plate of the counting board to be less than the width of the bottom plate of the counting board, so that after the two are attracted, both ends of the groove form sample addition ports respectively, and the sample addition ports are used for sample addition; Among them, constructing a module recognition function using a resistance network-based module recognition method, automatically adjusting the control system parameters and working mode according to the recognition result, and using a graph theory-based data fusion function to fuse and synergistically optimize the data between modules includes: Set a characteristic resistance network composed of multiple resistors in each functional module, construct a module recognition function, calculate the recognition function value by measuring the total resistance value of the resistance network, and identify different types of functional modules; According to the module recognition result, automatically adjust the algorithm parameters and working mode of the control system; Construct a graph theory-based data fusion function, and perform weighted fusion and collaborative optimization of the data of multiple modules based on the weight coefficients of the data between different modules; Among them, the building block recognition function calculates the recognition function value by measuring the total resistance value of the resistance network to recognize different types of functional modules, including: , where represents the module recognition function, represents the constant term, represents the coefficient of the i-th resistor, represents the coefficient of the j-th resistor, represents the exponent of the i-th resistor, represents the exponent of the j-th resistor, represents the resistance value of the i-th resistor, represents the resistance value of the j-th resistor; n = 3, m = 2; Among them, constructing a graph theory-based data fusion function includes: ， Among them, represents the data fusion function, represents the value of the i-th module, represents the value of the j-th module, and represents the mean value, and represents the standard deviation, represents the weight coefficient.

2. The design method according to claim 1, wherein Among them, Arrange one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces and detachable magnetic connection structures on the bottom plate of the counting board according to the target application scenario, and build a unified control system to adaptively control the functional modules, including: According to the target application scenario, arrange one or more functional modules, standardized module interfaces and detachable magnetic connection structures on the bottom plate of the counting board, and the functional modules include a basic counting module, an electrical detection module, a temperature control module and / or a fluorescence detection module; The standardized module interface adopts a slot structure, and each module is provided with a positioning pin at the bottom that matches the slot in the groove of the bottom plate of the counting board. The detachable magnetic connection structure includes neodymium iron boron permanent magnets arranged at the four corners of the module, corresponding to the magnets at the corresponding positions on the groove of the bottom plate of the counting board; Build a unified control system based on an ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller, connect each functional module using the I2C bus, and build a unified communication protocol for dynamic access of multiple modules; According to the recognized module type, the control system dynamically loads the corresponding modular control algorithm to adaptively control different functional modules.

3. The design method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Among them, Build a unified control system based on an ARM Cortex-M4 core microcontroller, connect each functional module using the I2C bus, and build a unified communication protocol for dynamic access of multiple modules, including: The controller polls all potential addresses via the I2C bus, and for the addressed ones that respond, extracts data information including module type and / or calibration parameters recorded in the integrated EEPROM chip. Based on the extracted module type data, corresponding control algorithms and parameters are dynamically invoked, and corresponding tasks are created based on the real-time operating system, with priority levels and stack space resources configured. An initialization process is performed on the module hardware to complete self-check and calibration steps until the module reaches a predetermined operating state. After the module enters the normal operating mode, the controller periodically polls the operating states of each module.

4. The design method according to claim 1, wherein Among them, According to the module identification result, the algorithm parameters and operating mode of the control system are automatically adjusted, including: When it is identified as a temperature control module, the PID control algorithm is loaded, and the initial proportional, integral, and derivative parameters are set. The self-tuning process is executed to obtain the critical gain and oscillation period through a step response test, and the optimized PID parameters are calculated according to a preset formula. The timer peripheral is configured to generate a PWM signal, and the heating power is adjusted by setting the prescaler, auto-reload value, and comparison value.

5. A modular multifunctional reusable counting plate design device, characterized in that: Including: A processor, a memory, and a system bus; wherein, the processor and the memory are connected via the system bus. The memory is used to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to execute the design method according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. A counting board designed by using the design method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Including: The depth of the groove on the bottom plate of the counting board after installing the functional module includes 50μm, 100μm, 200μm, and / or 400μm.

Images