Fuel cell integrated thermal component, system and method based on tail gas diversion

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell integrated thermal component, system and method based on tail gas diversion, which belongs to the field of fuel cells and solves the defects of current fuel cell integrated thermal components. The system comprises a burner, an air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust cooler which are sequentially connected from the inside to the outside; the gas outlet of the burner is connected to the inlet of a first tail gas channel in the air heat exchanger, the air heat exchanger is also provided with a first air channel, and the first tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element; the inlet of the second tail gas channel of the reformer is connected to the tail gas outlet at the inlet end of the first tail gas channel, a mixture channel is provided in the reformer, a catalyst is loaded in the mixture channel, and the second tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element; a battery exhaust channel and a second air channel are provided inside the exhaust cooler, and the gas outlet end of the second air channel is connected to the inlet end of the first air channel through an air connecting pipe. The integrated thermal component of the present invention has a fast adjustment response speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell integrated thermal component, system and method based on tail gas diversion. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The components included in the integrated thermal unit of the fuel cell are similar, including the burner, heat exchanger, reformer, etc., but the system layout and connection method, as well as the internal design of each component are different.

[0004] For fuel cell integrated thermal component systems that produce hydrogen or synthesis gas, which are composed of multiple individual components, there are the following problems: (1) the individual components are connected by pipes, and the system is not compact enough; (2) the multiple thermal components are dispersed and arranged with large exposed surface areas and high exposed surface temperatures, requiring a large amount of insulation material to reduce heat leakage; (3) the connecting pipes between components are long, resulting in greater pressure loss; and (4) the individual components often need to be installed on site, which is not conducive to assembly.

[0005] For other fuel cell integrated thermal component systems for producing hydrogen or synthesis gas, the internal flow flows in series from the inlet to the outlet at one time, and the flow process lacks regulation, making it difficult to accurately adjust the flow and temperature to meet the needs of changing operating conditions.

[0006] Patent application CN117878350A discloses a modular fuel cell integrated thermal component, system and working method, which overcome the defects of current fuel cell integrated thermal components. However, in the above scheme, if the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet does not reach the target value, it is necessary to adjust the burner gas flow rate. This adjustment method has a slow response speed and cannot achieve precise control, making it difficult to control. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell integrated thermal component, system and method based on tail gas diversion, which overcomes the defects of the current fuel cell integrated thermal components.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion, comprising a burner, an air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust gas cooler which are sequentially connected from the inside to the outside;

[0010] The air outlet of the burner is connected to the inlet of the first tail gas channel in the air heat exchanger. The air heat exchanger is also provided with a first air channel to realize heat exchange between the air introduced into the air heat exchanger and the tail gas introduced into the first tail gas channel. The first tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element.

[0011] The inlet of the second tail gas channel of the reformer is connected to the tail gas outlet of the inlet end of the first tail gas channel. The reformer is also provided with a mixture channel capable of heat exchange with the second tail gas channel to pass a mixture of fuel gas and water. The mixture channel is loaded with a catalyst. The second tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element.

[0012] A battery exhaust channel and a second air channel are provided inside the exhaust cooler for heat exchange, and an air outlet end of the second air channel is connected to an air inlet end of the first air channel through an air connecting pipe.

[0013] Optionally, a bottom plate is connected to the bottom ends of the air heat exchanger and the reformer, and a tail gas cavity is formed between the bottom plate and the outlet end of the tail gas exhaust pipe of the burner, and the tail gas cavity is connected to the inlet of the first tail gas channel of the air heat exchanger.

[0014] Optionally, a mixing component is further provided on the bottom plate, and a mixing chamber is provided inside the mixing component. The mixing chamber is connected to the air outlet end of the first air channel, and the mixing chamber is also connected to the cold air inlet pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the air heat exchanger comprises an outer cylinder wall and an inner cylinder wall which are coaxially arranged, the top ends of the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall are fixed to an annular top cover, a heat exchange component is arranged between the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall, and the heat exchange component has a first air channel and a first exhaust gas channel capable of heat exchange;

[0016] The inner cylinder wall is provided with an exhaust gas inlet for connecting the first exhaust gas channel with the exhaust gas cavity, and the outer cylinder wall is provided with an exhaust gas outlet for connecting the air inlet end of the first exhaust gas channel with the second exhaust gas channel of the reformer.

[0017] Optionally, the inner ring portion of the annular top cover is detachably fixedly connected to the top flange of the burner, and the outer ring portion of the annular top cover is detachably fixedly connected to the inner ring portion of the top flange of the reformer.

[0018] Optionally, the outer ring portion of the reformer top flange is detachably fixed to the top of the exhaust cooler.

[0019] Optionally, a first exhaust gas exhaust pipe is provided at the top exhaust end of the first exhaust gas channel, and a first flow regulating element is provided in the first exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

[0020] Optionally, a second exhaust gas exhaust pipe is provided at the top outlet end of the second exhaust gas channel, and a second flow regulating element is provided in the second exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

[0021] Optionally, the burner is provided with a combustion chamber, the top of which is connected to the air outlet ends of the air inlet pipe and the gas inlet pipe, and the bottom of which is connected to the exhaust gas outlet pipe.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system, which is provided with the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on exhaust gas diversion described in the first aspect, and the battery exhaust channel of the exhaust cooler is connected to the battery exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell.

[0023] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion according to the first aspect:

[0024] The burner is ignited, and the generated tail gas enters the first tail gas channel and the second tail gas channel respectively;

[0025] After the exhaust gas temperature at the top exhaust end of the second exhaust gas channel reaches the set requirement, water is introduced into the mixture channel of the reformer, and the water introduced into the mixture channel is evaporated by the exhaust gas introduced into the second exhaust gas channel;

[0026] After the temperature of the top outlet of the mixed gas channel reaches the set requirement, gas fuel is introduced into the mixed gas channel to start the reforming reaction.

[0027] Optionally, if the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas discharged from the mixed gas channel does not meet the requirement, the diversion ratio of the exhaust gas generated by the burner entering the first exhaust gas channel and the second exhaust gas channel is adjusted until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas meets the requirement.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. In the fuel cell integrated component of the present invention, the first exhaust gas channel of the air heat exchanger is connected to a flow regulating element, and the second exhaust gas channel of the reformer is connected to a flow regulating element. When the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas at the outlet end of the mixture channel of the reformer cannot reach the set requirement, the flow regulating element can be used to adjust the exhaust gas diversion ratio generated by the burner entering the first exhaust gas channel and the second exhaust gas channel until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas reaches the set requirement. This method has a fast adjustment response speed, and through the flow regulating element, precise control can be achieved, the operation is simple, and the control difficulty is reduced.

[0030] 2. In the fuel cell integrated component of the present invention, the combustion exhaust gas is split in the air heat exchanger, a part of it passes through the first exhaust gas channel and the first air channel to heat the air, and a part of it enters the second exhaust gas channel of the reformer to heat the fuel gas, directly and synchronously heating the air and fuel gas, the integrated component system architecture is simpler and more reliable, and the heat exchange efficiency and heat utilization rate are higher.

[0031] 3. The fuel cell integrated component of the present invention has a mixture channel and a second exhaust gas channel in the reformer, and heat exchange occurs between the fuel gas and the exhaust gas. Even if a gas leak occurs in the reformer, the gas will only leak into the exhaust gas, and the leaked gas can be carried out by the exhaust gas and quickly detected without disassembling the machine. This helps prevent gas leakage explosions or the impact of gas leakage on the fuel cell stack, and avoids damage to the fuel cell stack caused by gas leakage into the air. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1 The overall structure of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 2 The overall structure of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a burner in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an air heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an air heat exchanger according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a reformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reformer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an exhaust cooler according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an exhaust cooler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first exhaust pipe of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of the first exhaust pipe of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second exhaust pipe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.13is a cross-sectional view of the second exhaust pipe of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of an air connection pipe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.15 The bottom plate structure of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0048] Fig.16 The bottom plate structure of the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0049] Fig.17 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.18 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.19 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of the operation logic of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0053] Among them, 1. burner, 2. air heat exchanger, 3. reformer, 4. exhaust cooler, 5. first exhaust gas exhaust pipe, 6. second exhaust gas exhaust pipe, 7. air connecting pipe, 8. bottom plate;

[0054] 101. first air inlet pipe, 102. first gas inlet pipe, 103. first bolt hole, 104. second bolt hole, 105. first exhaust gas outlet pipe;

[0055] 201. third exhaust gas outlet, 202. second exhaust gas outlet, 203. first air outlet pipe, 204. first connecting bolt, 205. first exhaust gas inlet, 206. second air inlet pipe, 207. third bolt hole, 208. second connecting bolt, 209. fourth bolt hole, 210. fifth bolt hole;

[0056] 301. second gas inlet pipe, 302. water inlet pipe, 303. third gas inlet pipe, 304. catalyst layer, 305. third connecting bolt, 306. second tail gas inlet, 307. first temperature sensor, 308. hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe, 309. fourth tail gas outlet, 310. sixth bolt hole, 311. seventh bolt hole, 312. fourth connecting bolt;

[0057] 401. second air outlet, 402. second temperature sensor, 403. exhaust outlet pipe, 404. eighth bolt hole, 405. third air inlet pipe, 406. third temperature sensor, 407. fourth temperature sensor, 408. exhaust inlet pipe, 409. fifth connecting bolt, 410. sixth connecting bolt;

[0058] 501. fifth temperature sensor, 502. first flow regulating element;

[0059] 601. a second flow regulating element, 602. a sixth temperature sensor;

[0060] 701. ninth bolt hole, 702. fourth air inlet, 703. seventh temperature sensor, 704. tenth bolt hole, 705. third air outlet;

[0061] 801. Fifth air inlet, 802. Eleventh bolt hole, 803. Fourth air outlet, 804. Twelfth bolt hole, 805. Eighth temperature sensor, 806. Ninth temperature sensor; 807. Thirteenth bolt hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Hot parts: Parts that operate at higher temperatures.

[0063] Integrated thermal component: Combining multiple components, such as multiple separate heat exchangers and burners connected by pipes, etc., to form an integral component is called an integrated thermal component.

[0064] Synthesis gas: A gas containing multiple components. The synthesis gas in the present invention generally contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.

[0065] Partition heat exchange: The cold and hot fluids exchange heat through a solid wall and do not mix with each other.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] This embodiment provides a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, four sleeve structures are adopted, including a burner 1, an air heat exchanger 2, a reformer 3 and an exhaust cooler 4 which are sequentially sleeved and connected along the direction from the inside to the outside. The air heat exchanger 2 adopts an annular structure and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the burner 1. The reformer 3 adopts an annular structure and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the air heat exchanger 2. The exhaust cooler 4 adopts an annular structure and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the reformer 3. It also includes a first exhaust gas exhaust pipe 5, a second exhaust gas exhaust pipe 6 and a bottom plate 8 fixed to the bottom of the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3, and also includes an air connecting pipe 7 connected between the air heat exchanger 2 and the exhaust cooler 4.

[0068] like Figure 3As shown, the burner 1 includes a combustion chamber, and the top of the combustion chamber is connected to a first air inlet pipe 101 and a first gas inlet pipe 102. The first air inlet pipe 101 is used to introduce air into the combustion chamber, and the first gas inlet pipe 102 is used to introduce gas into the combustion chamber. When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is operated alone, the gas required by the burner 1 comes from the external gas, and the air required by the burner 1 can be provided by the external air and the hot air exhausted by the integrated thermal component alone or together. When the integrated thermal component is coupled with a fuel cell or other equipment for operation, the fuel required by the burner 1 can be provided by the external gas and (battery) exhaust alone or together, and the required air can be provided by the external air and the hot air exhausted by the battery alone or together.

[0069] A flange is provided at the top of the first air inlet pipe 101 , and a plurality of first bolt holes 103 are provided on the flange for connecting the first air inlet pipe 101 and the air pipeline.

[0070] A flange is provided on the top of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of second bolt holes 104 are provided on the flange. The second bolt holes 104 are used to detachably connect the burner 1 and the air heat exchanger 2 .

[0071] A first tail gas outlet pipe 105 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber for discharging the tail gas generated by combustion.

[0072] The remaining structure of the burner 1 may adopt the existing technology, such as the burner structure disclosed in patent application CN117878350A, which will not be described in detail here.

[0073] Air and gas enter the burner 1 through the first air inlet pipe 101 and the first gas inlet pipe 102 respectively and are mixed and burned, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged through the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 .

[0074] like Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the air heat exchanger 2 is improved on the basis of the existing heat exchanger structure, including a coaxially arranged inner cylinder wall and an outer cylinder wall, the top ends of the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall are fixedly connected to the annular top cover, and a heat exchange component is provided in the space between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall, and the heat exchange component has a first air channel and a first exhaust gas channel. The heat exchange component includes a core body, a first annular air collecting pipe is provided above the core body, and a second annular air collecting pipe is provided below the core body. The first annular air collecting pipe is connected to the second air inlet pipe 206 arranged on the annular top cover, thereby realizing the fixation of the first annular air collecting pipe, the first annular air collecting pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the air flow path of the core body through a plurality of gas circulation pipes, and the air outlet end of the air flow path of the core body is connected to the second annular air collecting pipe through a plurality of gas circulation pipes, and the first air outlet pipe 203 is provided on the pipe wall of the second annular air collecting pipe.

[0075] The second air inlet pipe 206, the first annular air collecting pipe, the air flow path in the core, the second annular air collecting pipe and the first air outlet pipe 203 together constitute the first air channel of the heat exchange component of the air heat exchanger 2, and the first annular air collecting pipe, the outer space of the second annular air collecting pipe and the exhaust gas flow path in the core constitute the first exhaust gas channel of the heat exchange component. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the heat exchange component can be adopted by the existing technology, which will not be described in detail here.

[0076] A plurality of first connecting bolts 204 are provided on the bottom tube wall of the second annular air collecting tube for fixedly connecting the bottom of the air heat exchanger 2 to the bottom plate 8 .

[0077] The bottom end of the inner tube wall is provided with a plurality of first exhaust gas inlets 205 along the annular direction. The first exhaust gas inlet 205 is connected to the bottom air inlet end of the first exhaust gas channel, and is used to deliver the exhaust gas discharged from the burner 1 into the first exhaust gas channel. The bottom air inlet end of the first exhaust gas channel is also provided with a second exhaust gas outlet 202. The second exhaust gas outlet 202 serves as the first outlet of the first exhaust gas channel, and is used to introduce the exhaust gas into the reformer 3.

[0078] A third exhaust gas outlet 201 is also provided on the annular top cover. The third exhaust gas outlet 201 is communicated with the exhaust end of the first exhaust gas channel. The third exhaust gas outlet 201 serves as the second outlet of the first exhaust gas channel.

[0079] The air heat exchanger 2 is used for heating the air. The combustion exhaust gas discharged from the burner 1 enters the first exhaust gas channel of the air heat exchanger 2 through the first exhaust gas inlet 205. A part of the combustion exhaust gas exchanges heat with the air in the air heat exchanger 2, and the other part directly passes through the air heat exchanger 2, is discharged from the second exhaust gas outlet 202 and enters the reformer 3, thereby realizing the diversion of the exhaust gas. The low-temperature air enters the first air channel of the air heat exchanger 2 through the second air inlet pipe 206, and the low-temperature air and the combustion exhaust gas perform a partition heat exchange in the air heat exchanger 2. The generated high-temperature air is discharged from the air heat exchanger 2 through the first air outlet pipe 203, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the air heat exchanger 2 through the third exhaust gas outlet 201.

[0080] A fourth bolt hole 209 is provided on the outer edge of the annular top cover for detachably connecting the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3. A second connecting bolt 208 is provided on the inner edge of the annular top cover. The second connecting bolt 208 corresponds to the second bolt hole 104 of the burner 1 and is used for detachably connecting the burner 1 and the air heat exchanger 2.

[0081] A plurality of fifth bolt holes 210 are provided at the outlet end of the third exhaust gas outlet 201 , which are used for connecting the third exhaust gas outlet 201 and the first exhaust gas exhaust pipe 5 .

[0082] The air inlet end of the second air inlet pipe 206 is provided with a plurality of third bolt holes 207 for connecting the air connecting pipe 7 between the air heat exchanger 2 and the exhaust cooler 4 .

[0083] like Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the reformer 3 is also improved on the basis of the existing heat exchanger, including an inner cylinder wall and an outer cylinder wall arranged coaxially, a heat exchange component is arranged between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall, the top ends of the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall are connected to an annular flange, and the bottom ends are connected to an annular lower ring plate, and the outer edge of the annular flange is provided with a plurality of seventh bolt holes 311, and the seventh bolt holes 311 are used for the detachable connection of the reformer 3 and the exhaust cooler 4. The inner edge of the annular flange is provided with a plurality of fourth connecting bolts 312, and the fourth connecting bolts 312 correspond to the fourth bolt holes 209 on the air heat exchanger 2, and are used to detachably connect the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3.

[0084] The heat exchange component also includes a core, an upper annular tube above the core and a lower annular tube below the core, the upper annular tube is connected to the upper part of the core through a connecting tube, the lower annular tube is connected to the lower part of the core through a connecting tube, the lower annular tube is fixed to the outer side of the inner cylinder wall, the upper surface of the annular flange is provided with a fourth tail gas outlet 309, the lower annular tube, the tail gas flow path in the core and the upper annular tube, the fourth tail gas outlet 309 constitute a second tail gas channel of the reformer 3, the heat exchange component is also provided with a mixture channel, the upper annular tube, the outer space of the lower annular tube and the mixture flow path in the core constitute the mixture channel, the mixture channel can perform inter-wall heat exchange with the second tail gas channel, the upper surface of the annular flange is provided with an inlet end of the mixture channel The water inlet pipe 302, the second gas inlet pipe 301 and the third gas inlet pipe 303 are connected, and the gas and water enter the mixture channel of the reformer 3 through the second gas inlet pipe 301, the third gas inlet pipe 303 and the water inlet pipe 302 respectively. The gas, water and combustion exhaust gas are subjected to interwall heat exchange in the reformer 3. A catalyst layer 304 is provided in the mixture channel, and a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 308 fixed to the bottom plate is connected to the bottom outlet end of the mixture channel. The mixed gas in the mixture channel is catalytically reformed to generate hydrogen-containing synthesis gas and is discharged from the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 308. A first temperature sensor 307 is provided on the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 308 for monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas leaving the reformer 3.

[0085] The lower ring plate is provided with a plurality of third connecting bolts 305 for fixing the bottom of the reformer 3 to the bottom plate 8 , and the fourth exhaust gas outlet 309 is provided with a plurality of sixth bolt holes 310 for connecting with the second exhaust gas exhaust pipe 6 .

[0086] The tail gas discharged from the second tail gas outlet 202 enters the second tail gas channel of the reformer 3 through the second tail gas inlet 306, and the gas and water enter the mixture channel of the reformer 3 through the second gas inlet pipe 301, the third gas inlet pipe 303 and the water inlet pipe 302 respectively, and the gas, water and combustion tail gas perform a wall-type heat exchange in the reformer 3. After the heat exchange is completed, the combustion tail gas is discharged from the reformer 3 through the fourth tail gas outlet 309, and the heated gas and water mixture enter the catalyst layer 304 in the mixture channel of the reformer 3. The mixture is catalytically reformed to generate hydrogen-containing synthesis gas and is discharged from the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 308.

[0087] like Figure 8-Figure 9 As shown, the exhaust cooler 4 is also improved on the basis of the existing heat exchanger, including an inner tube wall and an outer tube wall, the top ends of the inner tube wall and the outer tube wall are connected to an annular flange, and the bottom ends are connected to the lower ring plate. A heat exchange component is arranged between the inner tube wall and the outer tube wall. The heat exchange component has a similar structure to the heat exchange component in the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3, and will not be repeated here. The heat exchange component has a battery exhaust channel and a second air channel, and the battery exhaust channel and the second air channel can perform inter-wall heat exchange.

[0088] The flange of the exhaust cooler 4 is provided with a second air outlet 401, which is connected to the air outlet end of the second air channel, and the lower ring plate is provided with a third air inlet pipe 405, which is connected to the air inlet end of the second air channel. A third temperature sensor 406 is installed on the third air inlet pipe 405 to detect the temperature of the air entering the exhaust cooler 4. A plurality of eighth bolt holes 404 are provided at the air inlet end of the third air inlet pipe 405 to connect the third air inlet pipe 405 to the external cold air pipeline.

[0089] The flange of the exhaust cooler 4 is provided with an exhaust inlet pipe 408, which is connected to the outlet end of the battery exhaust channel. The lower ring plate of the exhaust cooler 4 is provided with an exhaust outlet pipe 403, on which a second temperature sensor 402 is installed for detecting the temperature of the battery exhaust after heat exchange. The exhaust inlet pipe 408 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 407 for detecting the temperature of the battery exhaust.

[0090] A plurality of sixth connecting bolts 410 are disposed on the periphery of the second air outlet 401 , for connecting the second air outlet 401 and the air connecting pipe 7 .

[0091] The flange of the exhaust cooler 4 is provided with a plurality of fifth connecting bolts 409 , which correspond to the seventh bolt holes 311 of the reformer 3 and are used to detachably connect the exhaust cooler 4 and the reformer 3 .

[0092] like Figure 10-11As shown, the first exhaust pipe 5 is equipped with a fifth temperature sensor 501 and a first flow regulating element 502. The function of the first flow regulating element 502 is to adjust the flow resistance to achieve flow control. Its working principle is: based on the flow demand, the flow resistance is adjusted by changing the flow area, thereby achieving flow control. The first flow regulating element 502 adopts an existing high-temperature butterfly valve or other flow regulating element, which is not described in detail here. The air inlet end of the first exhaust pipe 5 is connected to the third exhaust outlet 201 of the air heat exchanger 2. The fifth temperature sensor 501 monitors the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged through the air heat exchanger 2, and the first flow regulating element 502 adjusts the flow of the exhaust gas to achieve control of the integrated thermal component.

[0093] like Figure 12-13 As shown, the second exhaust pipe 6 is equipped with a sixth temperature sensor 602 and a second flow regulating element 601, and the second flow regulating element 601 is the same as the first flow regulating element 502. No repetitive description is given here, the second exhaust pipe is connected to the fourth exhaust outlet 309 of the reformer 3, the sixth temperature sensor 602 monitors the exhaust temperature flowing through the reformer 3, and the second flow regulating element 601 regulates the exhaust flow passing through to realize the control of the integrated thermal component.

[0094] like Fig.14 As shown, the air connecting pipe 7 is installed with a seventh temperature sensor 703 for detecting the temperature of the air discharged from the exhaust cooler 4. One end of the air connecting pipe 7 serves as a third air outlet 705. The third air outlet 705 is provided with a plurality of tenth bolt holes 704. The tenth bolt holes 704 correspond to the third bolt holes 207 of the air heat exchanger 2 and are used to connect the third air outlet 705 with the air heat exchanger 2. The other end of the air connecting pipe 7 serves as a fourth air inlet 702. The fourth air inlet 702 is provided with a plurality of ninth bolt holes 701. The ninth bolt holes 701 correspond to the sixth connecting bolts 410 on the exhaust cooler 4 and connect the fourth air inlet 702 with the second air outlet 401.

[0095] like Figure 15-16 As shown, a plurality of thirteenth bolt holes 807 are provided on the outer edge of the base plate 8, and the thirteenth bolt holes 807 correspond to the third connecting bolts 305 of the reformer 3, and are used to connect the base plate 8 with the reformer 3. A plurality of twelfth bolt holes 804 are also provided on the base plate 8, and the twelfth bolt holes 804 correspond to the first connecting bolts 204 on the air heat exchanger 2, and are used to connect the base plate 8 with the air heat exchanger 2.

[0096] A mixing component is also provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate 8. The mixing component is provided with a mixing cavity. One end of the mixing component is fixed to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 8, and the other end is provided with an eleventh bolt hole 802. The eleventh bolt hole 802 is used to connect the mixing component to an external pipeline.

[0097] The mixing chamber is connected to the first air outlet pipe 203 and is also connected to the fifth air inlet 801 as a cold air inlet pipe. The mixing chamber is used for mixing the cold air and the exhaust air of the air heat exchanger 2.

[0098] The mixing chamber is connected to an eighth temperature sensor 805 for detecting the temperature of the mixed gas in the mixing chamber. A ninth temperature sensor 806 is installed at the center of the base plate 8 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the burner 1. In this embodiment, an exhaust gas cavity is formed between the base plate 8 and the outlet end of the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 of the burner 1. The exhaust gas cavity is connected to the first exhaust gas inlet 205 of the air heat exchanger 2 to enable the exhaust gas to be introduced into the air heat exchanger 2.

[0099] The assembly method of the integrated thermal component of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0100] like Fig.17 As shown, the first step is to install the burner 1. Install the burner 1 into the air heat exchanger 2 from the top and connect it with bolts to complete the installation of the burner 1. The second step is to install the reformer 3. Install the reformer 3 from the bottom to the outside of the air heat exchanger 2 and fix it with bolts to complete the installation of the reformer 3. The third step is to install the base plate 8. Turn over the modules installed in the first to third steps, and fix the base plate 8 to the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3 with bolts respectively to complete the installation of the base plate 8. The fourth step is to install the exhaust cooler 4. Install the exhaust cooler 4 from the bottom to the outside of the reformer 3 and fix it with bolts to complete the installation of the exhaust cooler 4. The fifth step is to install the air connecting pipe 7. The sixth step is to install the first exhaust pipe 5. The seventh step is to install the second exhaust pipe 6. At this point, the installation process of the integrated thermal component is completed, and the cross-sectional view of the integrated thermal component formed is shown as follows. Fig.18 shown.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] This embodiment provides a fuel cell system, such as Fig.19 As shown, it includes the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion described in Example 1, wherein the exhaust pipeline of the battery is connected to the exhaust inlet pipe 408, the first air inlet pipe 101 of the burner is connected to the first air source (air 1), and the first gas inlet pipe is connected to the first gas source (gas 1). When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is operated alone, the first gas source comes from the outside, and the first air source can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the fuel cell integrated thermal component alone or together. When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is coupled with a fuel cell or other equipment for operation, the first gas source can be provided by the outside gas and (battery) exhaust alone or together, and the first air source can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the battery alone or together.

[0103] The second gas inlet pipe 301 and the third gas inlet pipe 303 of the reformer 3 are connected to a second gas source (gas 2), and the water inlet pipe 302 is connected to a water source.

[0104] The main air duct of the system is connected to the third air inlet pipe 405 of the exhaust gas cooler 4 , and the branch air duct is connected to the fifth air inlet 801 on the bottom plate 8 .

[0105] The remaining structure of the fuel cell system can adopt the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] This embodiment provides a working method of the fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion described in Embodiment 1:

[0108] The cold air entering the fuel cell integrated thermal component is divided into two paths, the main air enters the exhaust cooler 4 through the third air inlet pipe 405 on the exhaust cooler 4, and the branch air enters the mixing chamber through the fifth air inlet 801 on the bottom plate 8. The flow rate of the cold air is dynamically adjusted according to the operating conditions of the fuel cell integrated thermal component. The main air entering through the third air inlet pipe 405 on the exhaust cooler 4 and the exhaust entering through the exhaust inlet pipe 408 on the exhaust cooler 4 exchange heat in the exhaust cooler 4. After the heat exchange is completed, the battery exhaust and the air flow out of the exhaust cooler 4 through the exhaust outlet pipe 403 and the second air outlet 401 respectively, and the air flowing out of the second air outlet 401 enters the air heat exchanger 2.

[0109] When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is operated alone, the fuel gas required by the burner 1 comes from the outside, and the air required by the burner 1 can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the fuel cell integrated thermal component alone or together. When the fuel cell integrated thermal component is coupled with a fuel cell or other equipment for operation, the fuel required by the burner 1 can be provided by the outside gas and (battery) exhaust gas alone or together, and the required air can be provided by the outside air and the hot air exhausted by the battery alone or together.

[0110] The fuel gas and the air enter the burner 1 through the first fuel gas inlet pipe 102 and the first air inlet pipe 101 respectively, and the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion flows out from the first exhaust gas outlet pipe 105 and then enters the air heat exchanger 2. The high-temperature combustion exhaust gas is divided in the air heat exchanger 2, and a part of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas exchanges heat with the low-temperature air from the exhaust cooler 4 in the air heat exchanger 2 (the low-temperature air enters the air heat exchanger 2 through the second air outlet 401 on the exhaust cooler 4, the air connecting pipe 7, and the second air inlet pipe 206 on the air heat exchanger 2). After the heat exchange is completed, the part of the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the integrated heat component through the third exhaust gas outlet 201 and the first exhaust gas exhaust pipe 5, and the heated air flows through the first air outlet pipe 203 and the fourth air outlet 803 on the bottom plate 8 and is mixed with the cold air from the fifth air inlet 801, and then is discharged from the integrated heat component; another part of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas directly passes through the air heat exchanger 2 and enters the reformer 3 through the second exhaust gas outlet 202 and the second exhaust gas inlet 306.

[0111] The combustion exhaust gas diverted from the air heat exchanger 2 enters the reformer 3 through the second exhaust gas inlet 306 on the reformer 3. At the same time, water and gas enter the reformer 3 through the water inlet pipe 302, the second gas inlet pipe 301, and the third gas inlet pipe 303 respectively. The water and gas perform inter-wall heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas. The water and gas mixer simultaneously performs reforming reaction in the catalyst layer 304 in the reformer 3 to generate hydrogen-containing synthesis gas, which is discharged from the integrated thermal component through the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet pipe 308.

[0112] When the system is running, the ninth temperature sensor 806 monitors the temperature T9 of the combustion exhaust gas at the outlet of the burner 1. On the one hand, it is used to monitor whether the burner is ignited successfully during startup, and on the other hand, it monitors the temperature of the combustion zone during operation to determine whether it is extinguished or overheated. The first temperature sensor 307 monitors the temperature T1 of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas leaving the integrated heat component. If the temperature T1 does not meet the requirements, the second flow regulating element 601 is adjusted first, and the first flow regulating element 502 is adjusted secondly. By adjusting the diversion ratio of the combustion exhaust gas in the reformer 3 and the air heat exchanger 2, it is ensured that T1 meets the system requirements. When T1 meets the requirements, the eighth temperature sensor 805 monitors the air outlet temperature T8 leaving the integrated heat component. If T8 cannot meet the requirements, the air distribution ratio of the air trunk and the air branch is adjusted first. If T8 still cannot meet the requirements, it is necessary to adjust the flow of gas 1 to change the burner 1 outlet temperature T9, so that T8 can meet the system requirements while ensuring that T1 meets the system requirements. The fourth temperature sensor 407 monitors the battery exhaust temperature T4 entering the integrated thermal component, the second temperature sensor 402 monitors the battery exhaust temperature T2 leaving the integrated thermal component, the third temperature sensor 406 monitors the cold air temperature T3 entering the integrated thermal component, the fifth temperature sensor 501 monitors the combustion exhaust gas temperature T5 leaving the air heat exchanger 2, the sixth temperature sensor 602 monitors the combustion exhaust gas temperature T6 leaving the reformer 3, and the seventh temperature sensor 703 monitors the air temperature T7 leaving the exhaust cooler 4, which are used to evaluate the working status of the integrated thermal component.

[0113] like Fig. 20 As shown, the operating logic of the integrated thermal component is as follows:

[0114] a) Burner 1 ignition: System startup, burner 1 self-check, start air 1 (first air source) supply and close branch air, start air 2 (second air source) supply, start gas 1 (first gas source) supply, burner ignition, determine whether burner 1 ignition is successful based on burner outlet temperature T9, after burner 1 ignition is successful, adjust air 1 (first air source) and gas 1 (first gas source) supply, increase hot component temperature, and monitor T9 to ensure stable operation of the burner;

[0115] b) System temperature increase: adjust the first flow regulating element 502 and the second flow regulating element 601 to ensure that the air heat exchanger 2 and the reformer 3 are heated;

[0116] c) Reformer 3 purging: After the outlet temperature T6 of the tail gas side of the reformer 3 reaches the set requirement, start the water supply, use the combustion tail gas of the burner 1 to evaporate water, and purge the fuel side with water;

[0117] d) Reforming: After the outlet temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas side of the reformer 3 reaches the set temperature T1, the supply of fuel gas 2 (second fuel gas source) is started, and the gas fuel is introduced into the reformer 3 to start the reforming reaction;

[0118] e) Reforming power regulation: regulating the supply of gas 2 (second gas source) to increase the reforming power to the set value. Since the reforming reaction process needs to absorb heat, it is necessary to adjust the second flow regulating element 601 and the first flow regulating element 502 to ensure that the outlet temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas reaches the set value T1;

[0119] f) Hot air outlet temperature adjustment: Start the branch air and adjust the air distribution pipeline to ensure that the hot air outlet temperature reaches the set temperature T8. If the branch adjustment cannot ensure that the hot air outlet temperature T8 and the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet temperature T1 meet the requirements at the same time, the burner outlet temperature T9 can be controlled by adjusting the supply of fuel gas 1 (first fuel gas source) to ensure that the hot air outlet temperature T8 and the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas outlet temperature T1 meet the requirements at the same time.

[0120] The integrated thermal component and working method of the present embodiment can adjust the exhaust gas diversion ratio entering the first exhaust gas channel and the second exhaust gas channel generated by the burner 1 through the flow regulating element until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas reaches the set requirement. The adjustment response speed adopted in this manner is fast, and precise control can be achieved through the flow regulating element, thereby reducing the difficulty of control. At the same time, the integrated thermal component of the present embodiment can be used alone or in conjunction with a fuel cell, and has the characteristics of convenient assembly, small size, high integration, and high power density. The flow rate and temperature can be precisely adjusted to meet the needs of changing working conditions, and when working, the air and gas are directly and synchronously heated. The system architecture of the integrated component is simpler and more reliable, and the heat exchange efficiency and heat utilization rate are higher. Even if a gas leak occurs in the reformer 3, the gas will only leak into the exhaust gas, and the leaked gas can be carried out by the exhaust gas and quickly detected without disassembling the machine to find it. This helps to prevent the impact of gas leakage explosion or gas leakage on the fuel cell stack, and avoids damage to the fuel cell stack caused by gas leakage into the air.

[0121] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion, characterized in that: It includes a burner, an air heat exchanger, a reformer and an exhaust gas cooler which are connected in sequence from the inside to the outside; The air outlet of the burner is connected to the inlet of the first tail gas channel in the air heat exchanger. The air heat exchanger is also provided with a first air channel to realize heat exchange between the air introduced into the air heat exchanger and the tail gas introduced into the first tail gas channel. The first tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element. The inlet of the second tail gas channel of the reformer is connected to the tail gas outlet of the inlet end of the first tail gas channel. The reformer is also provided with a mixture channel capable of heat exchange with the second tail gas channel to pass a mixture of fuel gas and water. The mixture channel is loaded with a catalyst. The second tail gas channel is connected to a flow regulating element. The exhaust cooler is provided with a battery exhaust channel and a second air channel for heat exchange, and the air outlet end of the second air channel is connected to the air inlet end of the first air channel through an air connecting pipe; The burner is provided with a combustion chamber, the top of which is connected to the air inlet pipe and the gas inlet pipe, and the bottom of which is connected to the tail gas outlet pipe; If the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas discharged from the mixed gas channel does not meet the requirement, the flow regulating element is used to adjust the diversion ratio of the exhaust gas generated by the burner entering the first exhaust gas channel and the second exhaust gas channel until the temperature of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas meets the requirement.

2. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the air heat exchanger and the reformer are connected with a bottom plate, a tail gas cavity is formed between the bottom plate and the outlet end of the tail gas exhaust pipe of the burner, and the tail gas cavity is connected with the tail gas inlet of the air heat exchanger.

3. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom plate is also provided with a mixing component, the interior of the mixing component has a mixing chamber, the mixing chamber is connected with the air outlet end of the first air channel of the air heat exchanger, and the mixing chamber is also connected with a cold air inlet pipe.

4. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The air heat exchanger comprises an outer cylinder wall and an inner cylinder wall arranged coaxially, the top ends of the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall are fixed to an annular top cover, a heat exchange component is arranged between the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall, and the heat exchange component has a first air channel and a first exhaust gas channel capable of heat exchange; The inner cylinder wall is provided with an exhaust gas inlet for connecting the first exhaust gas channel with the exhaust gas cavity, and the outer cylinder wall is provided with an exhaust gas outlet for connecting the exhaust gas channel of the heat exchange component with the exhaust gas channel of the reformer.

5. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The inner ring part of the annular top cover is detachably fixedly connected to the top flange of the burner, and the outer ring part of the annular top cover is detachably fixedly connected to the inner ring part of the top flange of the reformer.

6. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring portion of the reformer top flange is detachably fixed to the top of the exhaust cooler.

7. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A first exhaust gas exhaust pipe is provided at the top exhaust end of the first exhaust gas channel, and a first flow regulating element is provided in the first exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

8. A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A second exhaust pipe is provided at the second exhaust outlet at the top exhaust end of the second exhaust passage, and a second flow regulating element is provided in the second exhaust pipe.

9. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: A fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided, wherein the battery exhaust channel of the exhaust cooler is connected to the battery exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell.

10. A method for operating a fuel cell integrated thermal component based on tail gas diversion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The burner is ignited, and the generated tail gas enters the first tail gas channel and the second tail gas channel respectively; After the exhaust gas temperature at the top exhaust end of the second exhaust gas channel reaches the set requirement, water is introduced into the mixture channel of the reformer, and the water introduced into the mixture channel is evaporated by the exhaust gas introduced into the second exhaust gas channel; After the temperature at the top outlet of the mixture channel reaches the set requirement, gas fuel is introduced into the mixture channel to start the reforming reaction.

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