High-gain 4G small base station antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a high-gain 4G small base station antenna which is characterized in that a combiner, a reflecting plate and a dielectric plate are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, a low-frequency antenna is a dipole antenna formed by two parallel conductors, and the two parallel conductors are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric plate and are in central symmetry along the central axis of the dielectric plate in the horizontal direction; each high-frequency antenna comprises an antenna branch knot and a coupling branch knot, the antenna branch knot is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the coupling branch knot is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, the two high-frequency antennas are in central symmetry along the central axis, the low-frequency antenna is electrically connected with the reflecting plate through a coaxial line for feeding, and the coupling branch knot is electrically connected with the combiner and the reflecting plate through coaxial lines. The antenna branches are coupled and fed through the coupling branches, the surrounding edge structures are arranged between the reflecting plate and the dielectric plate and connected with the reflecting plate, and the two surrounding edge structures are arranged on the sides, away from the central axis, of the two high-frequency antennas respectively. The antenna can cover a 4G full frequency band, is high in gain, and is small in self-interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a high-gain 4G small base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] In order to save resources and reduce antenna costs, the antenna needs to be designed to be small enough while meeting high performance. Since the electrical size of the antenna determines the resonant frequency of the antenna, it has a great impact on the performance of the antenna radiation parameters and circuit parameters. Generally, the research on miniaturized base station antennas needs to be considered from two aspects, namely, achieving a low profile or reducing the area of ​​the radiation unit. The method to achieve a low profile is usually to use a dielectric substrate with a high dielectric constant, that is, to use a substrate with a high dielectric constant to reduce the resonant frequency of the antenna, thereby reducing the electrical size of the antenna and miniaturizing the antenna. Although this method is effective, it also brings about the problems of low gain and high loss, and is subject to certain limitations in practical applications. Reducing the area of ​​the radiation unit will affect the gain of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-gain 4G small base station antenna.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A high-gain 4G small base station antenna, comprising a combiner, a reflector, a dielectric plate, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas and two surrounding structures, wherein the combiner, the reflector and the dielectric plate are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the low-frequency antenna is a dipole antenna composed of two mutually parallel conductors, the two mutually parallel conductors are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate, and are centrally symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric plate in the horizontal direction, the high-frequency antenna comprises an antenna branch and a coupling branch, the antenna branch is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the coupling branch is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, the two high-frequency antennas are centrally symmetrical along the central axis, the low-frequency antenna is electrically connected to the reflector through a coaxial line for feeding, the coupling branch is respectively electrically connected to the combiner and the reflector through the coaxial line, the antenna branch is coupled and fed through the coupling branch, the surrounding structure is arranged between the reflector and the dielectric plate and connected to the reflector, and the two surrounding structures are respectively arranged on one side of the two high-frequency antennas away from the central axis.

[0006] Optionally, a gap is provided at the end of the conductor.

[0007] Optionally, the conductor includes a first branch and two second branches, the two second branches are respectively connected to two ends of the first branch, the two second branches extend to the same side of the first branch and are perpendicular to the first branch, and the second branches are provided with gaps.

[0008] Optionally, the end of the antenna branch is arc-shaped.

[0009] Optionally, the number of the antenna branches is two, and the antenna branches include a third branch, two fourth branches and two fifth branches, the two ends of one fourth branch are respectively connected to one end of the third branch and one of the fifth branches, the two ends of another fourth branch are respectively connected to the other end of the third branch and another of the fifth branches, the two fourth branches are located on the same side of the third branch, the fourth branches are respectively perpendicular to the third branch and the fifth branch, the two fifth branches extend toward each other, the ends of the fifth branches are arc-shaped, the third branches of the two antenna branches are close to and spaced apart, and one of the antenna branches is electrically connected to the coupling branch via a coaxial line.

[0010] Optionally, the reflective plate is in the shape of an I-shaped character.

[0011] Optionally, a side of the peripheral structure close to the dielectric plate is serrated.

[0012] Optionally, the surrounding edge structure and the reflective plate are integrally formed.

[0013] Optionally, the surrounding edge structure is inserted into the reflective plate.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna located on the same surface of the dielectric plate is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the reflector is 1 mm, the distance between the antenna branch and the reflector is 20 mm, and the distance between the two high-frequency antennas is 90 mm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting a low-frequency antenna and two high-frequency antennas, and using a combiner to combine the two high-frequency signals into one signal, an antenna covering the entire 4G frequency band is realized. And through the special position design of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna, the two high-frequency antennas form an array, the gain of the antenna is improved, and the distance between the high-frequency antenna and the two low-frequency antennas is ensured to be consistent, so as to reduce the influence of the high-frequency antenna on the low-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna is directly fed through the coaxial line, and the high-frequency antenna is coupled and fed through the coupling branch. The coupled feeding has the characteristics of convenient adjustment of the input impedance and expansion of the antenna bandwidth. Since the high-frequency antenna covers several frequencies of B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 at the same time and has a wide bandwidth, coupled feeding is adopted; and through these two different feeding methods, the radiators of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna are in different planes, thereby reducing interference between each other. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1The figure shows an exploded view of a high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna of a high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a reflector and a surrounding structure of a high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 The figure shows the overall structure of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of a high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6a The figure shows the S11 curve of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the low-frequency B5 / B8 frequency band according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6b The figure shows the S11 curve of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 frequency band according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7a The figure shows a curve diagram showing the efficiency of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the low-frequency B5 / B8 band as a function of frequency according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7b The figure shows a curve diagram showing the efficiency of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 bands as a function of frequency according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8a The figure shows a curve diagram showing the gain variation of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the low-frequency B5 / B8 frequency band as a function of frequency according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8b The figure shows a curve diagram of the gain of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 frequency bands versus frequency according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 Shown is a front-to-back ratio curve of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 frequency band according to the first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to more clearly understand the technical content, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the implementation methods of the present invention and the features in the implementation methods can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. The described implementation methods are only part of the implementation methods of the present invention, not all implementation methods. Based on the implementation methods in the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1-4 As shown, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0030] A high-gain 4G small base station antenna, comprising a combiner, a reflector, a dielectric plate, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas and two surrounding structures, wherein the combiner, the reflector and the dielectric plate are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the low-frequency antenna is a dipole antenna composed of two mutually parallel conductors, the two mutually parallel conductors are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate, and are centrally symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric plate in the horizontal direction, the high-frequency antenna comprises an antenna branch and a coupling branch, the antenna branch is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the coupling branch is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, the two high-frequency antennas are centrally symmetrical along the central axis, the low-frequency antenna is electrically connected to the reflector through a coaxial line for feeding, the coupling branch is respectively electrically connected to the combiner and the reflector through the coaxial line, the antenna branch is coupled and fed through the coupling branch, the surrounding structure is arranged between the reflector and the dielectric plate and connected to the reflector, and the two surrounding structures are respectively arranged on one side of the two high-frequency antennas away from the central axis.

[0031] From the above description, it can be seen that the high-gain 4G small base station antenna of the embodiment of the present invention can cover the entire 4G frequency band, and has high gain and low self-interference.

[0032] Optionally, a gap is provided at the end of the conductor.

[0033] It can be seen from the above description that the low-frequency bandwidth is increased by opening a slit at the end.

[0034] Optionally, the conductor includes a first branch and two second branches, the two second branches are respectively connected to two ends of the first branch, the two second branches extend to the same side of the first branch and are perpendicular to the first branch, and the second branches are provided with gaps.

[0035] It can be seen from the above description that the above is a preferred low-frequency antenna structure of the present invention. Specifically, the first branch is arranged close to the central axis, and the second branch is arranged away from the central axis.

[0036] Optionally, the end of the antenna branch is arc-shaped.

[0037] From the above description, it can be seen that the end of the high-frequency antenna is designed to be arc-shaped to increase the impedance bandwidth.

[0038] Optionally, the number of the antenna branches is two, and the antenna branches include a third branch, two fourth branches and two fifth branches, the two ends of one fourth branch are respectively connected to one end of the third branch and one of the fifth branches, the two ends of another fourth branch are respectively connected to the other end of the third branch and another of the fifth branches, the two fourth branches are located on the same side of the third branch, the fourth branches are respectively perpendicular to the third branch and the fifth branch, the two fifth branches extend toward each other, the ends of the fifth branches are arc-shaped, the third branches of the two antenna branches are close to and spaced apart, and one of the antenna branches is electrically connected to the coupling branch via a coaxial line.

[0039] From the above description, it can be known that the above antenna branch is a preferred high-frequency antenna branch structure of the present invention. The two antenna branches are in a back-to-back form, wherein one antenna branch is electrically connected to the coupling branch through a coaxial line, and the coupling branch is connected to the reflector through the coaxial line, so the antenna branch acts as a grounding layer. Specifically, the high-frequency antenna is located within the projection of the low-frequency antenna on the dielectric plate. The special high-frequency antenna structure and the low-frequency antenna structure of the present invention are designed in coordination, so that the antenna performance is better.

[0040] Optionally, the reflective plate is in the shape of an I-shaped character.

[0041] Optionally, a side of the peripheral structure close to the dielectric plate is serrated.

[0042] From the above description, it can be seen that the front-to-back ratio and gain of the high-frequency antenna are optimized by means of the “I”-shaped reflector and the serrated surrounding edge structure.

[0043] Optionally, the high-frequency antenna, the low-frequency antenna, the reflector and the surrounding edge structure are all made of FR-4 material.

[0044] From the above description, it can be seen that the FR-4 material is low in cost and easy to install.

[0045] Optionally, the surrounding edge structure and the reflective plate are integrally formed.

[0046] From the above description, it can be seen that the edge structure and the reflective plate can also be made of metal material, and the metal plate can be directly bent to form an integrated reflective plate and fence structure.

[0047] Optionally, the surrounding edge structure is inserted into the reflective plate.

[0048] From the above description, it can be known that the reflector plate uses materials such as FR-4 and the fence structure can be connected by insertion.

[0049] Optionally, the thickness of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna located on the same surface of the dielectric plate is 0.8 mm, that is, the thickness of the conductor in the low-frequency antenna, the antenna branch and the coupling branch in the high-frequency antenna are all 0.8 mm. The thickness of the reflector is 1 mm, the distance between the antenna branch and the reflector is 20 mm, and the distance between the two high-frequency antennas is 90 mm.

[0050] Optionally, it also includes an upper shell and a lower shell, a housing cavity is formed between the upper shell and the lower shell, and the combiner, reflector, dielectric plate, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas, two surrounding structures and coaxial line are arranged in the housing cavity.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1-9 , Embodiment 1 of the present invention is:

[0052] A high-gain 4G small base station antenna, comprising a combiner 1, a reflector 2, a dielectric plate 3, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas and two surrounding structures 6. The combiner 1, the reflector 2 and the dielectric plate 3 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The low-frequency antenna is a dipole antenna composed of two parallel conductors 4, the conductors comprising a first branch 41 and two second branches 42, the two second branches 42 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first branch 41, the two second branches 42 extend to the same side of the first branch 41 and are perpendicular to the first branch 41, and the second branches 42 are provided with a gap 421. Two parallel conductors 4 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate 3, and are symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric plate 3 in the horizontal direction, the first branch 41 is arranged close to the central axis, and the second branch 42 is arranged away from the central axis.

[0053] The high frequency antenna includes an antenna branch 51 and a coupling branch 52. The number of the antenna branches 51 is two. The antenna branches 51 include a third branch 511, two fourth branches 512 and two fifth branches 513. The two ends of one fourth branch 512 are respectively connected to one end of the third branch 511 and one fifth branch 513, and the two ends of another fourth branch 512 are respectively connected to the other end of the third branch 511 and another fifth branch 513. The two fourth branches 512 are located on the same side of the third branch 513. The fourth branch 512 is perpendicular to the third branch 511 and the fifth branch 513 respectively. The two fifth branches 513 extend toward each other. The end of the fifth branch 513 is in an arc shape, and a gap is provided on the fourth branch 512. It should be noted that the end of the fifth branch 513 refers to the end of the fifth branch 513 that is not connected to the fourth branch. The third branches 512 of the two antenna branches 51 are arranged close to each other and spaced apart. The antenna branches 51 are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 3, and the coupling branches 52 are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 3. The two high-frequency antennas are symmetrical along the central axis. The third branches 512 are arranged parallel to the central axis. The coupling branches 52 are "L" shaped. Figure 2 shown.

[0054] The coupling branch 52 of the high frequency antenna is electrically connected to one of the antenna branches 51, the combiner 1 and the reflector 2 through the coaxial line 7. The low frequency antenna is electrically connected to the reflector 2 through the coaxial line 7 for feeding, and the high frequency antenna is coupled to the reflector 2 for feeding through the coupling branch 52.

[0055] The surrounding structure 6 is disposed between the reflector 2 and the dielectric plate 3 and connected to the reflector 2 . The two surrounding structures 6 are respectively disposed on one side of the two high-frequency antennas away from the central axis.

[0056] The reflector 2 is in the shape of an I. The side of the peripheral structure 6 close to the dielectric plate 3 is serrated. In a preferred embodiment, the high-frequency antenna, the low-frequency antenna, the reflector 2 and the peripheral structure 6 are all made of FR-4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.3. The peripheral structure 6 is inserted into the reflector 2. Figure 3 shown.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the high-gain 4G small base station antenna further includes an upper shell 8 and a lower shell 9, and a receiving cavity is formed between the upper shell 8 and the lower shell 9, and the combiner 1, the reflector 2, the dielectric plate 3, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas, two surrounding structures 6 and the coaxial line 7 are arranged in the receiving cavity. Figure 1 and 4 shown.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna located on the same surface of the dielectric plate is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the reflector is 1 mm, the distance between the antenna branch and the reflector is 20 mm, and the distance between the two high-frequency antennas is 90 mm.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the overall structural dimensions of the antenna are 209.84 mm×208.26 mm×30.4 mm.

[0060] like Figure 6a and 6b Shown are the S11 curves of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna of this embodiment in the low-frequency B5 / B8 and high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 bands respectively. It can be seen from the figure that the S11 results of the antenna of this embodiment in the low-frequency band of B5 / B8 and the high-frequency band of B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 are both below the reference level of -10dB, which meets the design requirements.

[0061] Figure 7a and 7b Shown is a curve chart showing the efficiency of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna of this embodiment in the low-frequency B5 / B8 and high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 bands as a function of frequency. It can be seen from the figure that the efficiency of the antenna in the B5 / B8 and B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 bands is above 90%, achieving high performance.

[0062] Figure 8a and 8b Shown are curves showing the gain of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna of this embodiment varying with frequency in the low-frequency B5 / B8 and high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 bands. It can be seen from the figure that the gain of the B5 / B8 band antenna is between 5.67dB-6.07dB, the gain of the B1 / B3 band antenna is between 9-10.77dB, and the gain of the B40 / B41 band antenna is between 11.4-12.1dB, achieving high gain.

[0063] Fig. 9 This is a front-to-back ratio curve of the high-gain 4G small base station antenna in the high-frequency B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 frequency band of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the front-to-back ratio of the B1 / B3 / B40 / B41 high-frequency band antenna is above 20dB, which has a good front-to-back ratio.

[0064] In summary, the high-gain 4G small base station antenna of the present invention can achieve good antenna standing wave performance without the use of a matching circuit; it can achieve high gain, high efficiency and a good front-to-back ratio in a small size; it uses FR-4 material, has low cost and is easy to install.

[0065] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain 4G small base station antenna, It is characterized in that It includes a combiner, a reflector, a dielectric plate, a low-frequency antenna, two high-frequency antennas and two surrounding structures. The combiner, the reflector and the dielectric plate are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The low-frequency antenna is a dipole antenna composed of two mutually parallel conductors. The two mutually parallel conductors are respectively arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric plate and are centrally symmetrical along the central axis of the dielectric plate in the horizontal direction. The high-frequency antenna includes an antenna branch and a coupling branch. The antenna branch is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, and the coupling branch is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate. The two high-frequency antennas are centrally symmetrical along the central axis. The low-frequency antenna is electrically connected to the reflector through a coaxial line for feeding. The coupling branch is electrically connected to the combiner and the reflector through the coaxial line respectively. The antenna branch is coupled and fed through the coupling branch. The surrounding structure is arranged between the reflector and the dielectric plate and connected to the reflector. The two surrounding structures are respectively arranged on the side of the two high-frequency antennas away from the central axis.

2. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A slot is provided at the end of the conductor.

3. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The conductor includes a first branch and two second branches, the two second branches are respectively connected to two ends of the first branch, the two second branches extend to the same side of the first branch and are perpendicular to the first branch, and a gap is provided on the second branch.

4. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The end of the antenna branch is in an arc shape.

5. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number of the antenna branches is two, and the antenna branches include a third branch, two fourth branches and two fifth branches. The two ends of one fourth branch are respectively connected to one end of the third branch and one of the fifth branches, and the two ends of another fourth branch are respectively connected to the other end of the third branch and another of the fifth branches. The two fourth branches are located on the same side of the third branch, and the fourth branches are respectively perpendicular to the third branch and the fifth branch. The two fifth branches extend toward each other, and the ends of the fifth branches are arc-shaped. The third branches of the two antenna branches are close to and spaced apart, and one of the antenna branches is electrically connected to the coupling branch via a coaxial line.

6. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The reflecting plate is in the shape of an I.

7. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A side of the peripheral structure close to the dielectric plate is in a sawtooth shape.

8. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The surrounding structure and the reflector are integrally formed.

9. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The surrounding edge structure is inserted into the reflecting plate.

10. The high-gain 4G small base station antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The thickness of the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna located on the same surface of the dielectric plate is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the reflector is 1 mm, the distance between the antenna branch and the reflector is 20 mm, and the distance between the two high-frequency antennas is 90 mm.

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