Water surface photovoltaic panel mounting rack and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention provides a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting rack and a photovoltaic system, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation equipment, and the water surface photovoltaic panel mounting rack comprises a floating body mechanism, a mounting rack mechanism, a connecting mechanism and a photovoltaic panel assembly; a floating body mechanism is fixedly arranged on the water surface, a connecting mechanism is fixedly arranged at the center of the floating body mechanism, a mounting frame mechanism is arranged at the top of the connecting mechanism, a photovoltaic module is fixedly mounted at the top of the mounting frame mechanism, and the floating body mechanism can achieve the floating state of the photovoltaic module on the water surface. The floating body mechanism can adjust the floating height on the water surface through water injection and water drainage of the water pump mechanism so as to adapt to the stability under different water surface wind speeds, the front floating body mechanism and the rear floating body mechanism can form a module through the connecting mechanism, and free combination is facilitated to adapt to water surface photovoltaic installation of different water areas. The working angle of the water surface photovoltaic panel assembly can be adjusted through the mounting frame mechanism, and the water surface photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the power generation capacity are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation equipment, and in particular to a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] Water photovoltaic power stations refer to photovoltaic power stations built on water surfaces such as ponds, reservoirs, and lakes. According to the water depth of the project site and other conditions, there are two main types of construction: Pile-driving and high-rise type: suitable for areas with a water depth of less than 3m, by driving piles on the bottom of the water and setting up brackets to install photovoltaic modules. Floating type: suitable for areas with a water depth of more than 3m, by setting up a floating platform on the water surface and installing photovoltaic modules on the platform; in recent years, with the continuous emergence of new materials, new technologies, and new processes, the construction cost of floating photovoltaic power stations on water has continued to decrease, becoming a new hot spot in the field of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] Most of the existing floating photovoltaic power stations are fixed-position fixed structures, and the photovoltaic panels are mostly installed at fixed angles;

[0004] The fixed structure of existing floating photovoltaic power stations makes it impossible to adjust the height of the photovoltaic system above the water surface, which is not conducive to working under different wind speeds. The working angle cannot be adjusted, and the power generation fluctuates with the angle of sunlight, limiting the power generation and efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame and a photovoltaic system, which are used to solve the technical problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame and a photovoltaic system. Preferably, a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame includes: a floating board, an electric lifting column, a bearing seat and a mounting frame mechanism; the center of the top of the floating board is fixedly connected to the bearing seat, the top of the bearing seat is connected to the bottom end of the electric lifting column, and the top of the electric lifting column is fixedly provided with a mounting frame mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting frame mechanism includes: a bearing plate, the top of the electric lifting column is fixedly connected to the bearing plate in the horizontal direction, the top of the bearing plate is fixedly installed with a vertical bracket, the center of the vertical bracket is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft in the left and right directions, the left end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a spur gear 1, the top of the vertical bracket is rotatably connected to the rotating bracket, the bottom center of the rotating bracket is fixedly connected to an arc frame, the outer wall of the arc frame is fixedly connected to a rack 1, and the rack 1 is meshed with a spur gear 1.

[0008] Preferably, a water surface photovoltaic system is applied to a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame, comprising: a floating body mechanism, a mounting frame mechanism, an angle adjustment mechanism, a connecting mechanism and a photovoltaic panel assembly; the floating body mechanism is fixedly provided on the water surface, the connecting mechanism is fixedly provided at the center of the floating body mechanism, the mounting frame mechanism is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism, the connecting mechanism is fixedly provided at the bottom of the mounting frame mechanism, and the photovoltaic panel assembly is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting frame mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the floating body mechanism comprises: a front aisle float, a rear aisle float and a middle aisle float, the rear end of the front aisle float is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle aisle float in the front and rear directions, the rear end of the middle aisle appendage is fixedly installed with the rear aisle float, a pair of spiral ground piles are fixedly provided underwater on the left and right sides of the front aisle float, the left and right ends of the front aisle float are fixedly connected to the spiral ground piles on their respective sides by anchor ropes, the rear aisle float is fixedly connected to the spiral ground piles on the rear side by anchor ropes, the front aisle float, the rear aisle float and the middle aisle float are hollow inside, and are all provided with water pump mechanisms, the water pump mechanisms are used to adjust the water level height inside each float.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes: a connecting beam, the rear end of the center of the front walkway float is fixedly connected to a pair of connecting beams that are symmetrical along the front and rear directions, a plurality of floating plates are arranged at intervals in front and rear of the center of the connecting beam, the front end of the front walkway float is fixedly connected to a connecting ear, the rear end of the rear walkway float is hinged to a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is hinged to the connecting ear of the previous front walkway float.

[0011] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes: a base plate, a base plate fixedly installed on the floating plate on the rear side, a drive motor fixedly installed on the top of the base plate, an output shaft of the drive motor fixedly connected to a long worm gear along the front-to-back direction, a fixed sleeve on the outer wall of the bottom end of each electric lifting column is provided with a worm gear ring, the long worm gear is respectively meshed and connected with each worm gear ring, a first power supply and a controller are fixedly provided on the rear end of the top of the base plate, and the controller is electrically connected to the first power supply and the drive motor respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism further includes a worm gear drive mechanism, which includes: worm gear 2, the right end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to worm gear 2, the left end of the vertical bracket is fixedly connected to two fixed plates at intervals above and below, the fixed plates on the upper and lower sides are centrally rotated to connect to vertical worm 2, worm 2 is meshed with worm gear 2, the bottom end of worm 2 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of motor 2, motor 2 is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate, and motor 2 is electrically connected to the second power supply;

[0013] The photovoltaic panel assembly includes: a supporting frame, a supporting frame fixedly installed on the top of a rotating bracket, a photosensitive sensor fixedly installed at the center of the left end of the supporting frame, and a photovoltaic panel fixedly installed on the top of the supporting frame.

[0014] Optionally, there are:

[0015] A first acquisition unit is used to acquire solar parameter information in a photovoltaic panel working area, where the solar parameter information includes: solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle;

[0016] The first angle sensor is used to detect the working angle between the rotating bracket and the horizontal plane in real time;

[0017] The second angle sensor is used to detect the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time;

[0018] The temperature measurement module includes: an ambient temperature measurement unit and a surface temperature measurement unit. The ambient temperature measurement unit is used to detect the ambient air temperature around the photovoltaic panel; the surface temperature measurement unit is used to detect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel;

[0019] The UAV infrared monitoring module uses UAVs to regularly patrol and monitor the surface temperature distribution information of photovoltaic panels in a fixed area to monitor and discover abnormal temperature points;

[0020] The control unit is used to detect, record, control and adjust the operation of the water photovoltaic system. It is located inside the controller. The control unit is electrically connected to the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the mounting frame mechanism respectively.

[0021] Preferably,

[0022] A first calculation unit, used to calculate the solar incidence angle during a working period;

[0023]

[0024] Where: α T is the solar incident angle during the working period, cos is the cosine function, sin is the sine function, α Z is the solar zenith angle detected by the first acquisition unit, β is the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel detected by the first angle sensor, and ε s is the solar azimuth angle detected by the first acquisition unit, and ε is the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel detected by the second angle sensor;

[0025] A second calculation unit calculates the solar scattered radiation and solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel based on the result of the first calculation unit;

[0026]

[0027] A third calculation unit, which calculates the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel based on the result of the second calculation unit;

[0028]

[0029] Where: H is the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel, H T,αis the ground reflected irradiance, H T,d H is the solar scattered radiation on the inclined surface G is the total solar radiation on the water surface, H b is the solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel, H n is the direct solar radiation, H d is the horizontal surface solar scattered radiation, ρ is the ground radiation reflectivity, ln is the logarithmic function, e is a special constant with a value of 2.718; T i is the ambient air temperature around the photovoltaic panel detected by the temperature measurement module, T S The temperature measurement module detects the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel surface. is the influence factor of ambient air temperature on the average surface temperature of photovoltaic panels, and cos is the cosine function.

[0030] Preferably, it also includes:

[0031] A power generation calculation unit calculates the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit based on the first calculation unit, the second calculation unit and the third calculation unit;

[0032]

[0033] Where: E Z is the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit in the detection area, δ is the estimated comprehensive efficiency of the photovoltaic system in converting solar energy into electrical energy, and its value is .; S w is the available area of ​​the detected water photovoltaic installation, l is the side length of the supporting frame of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the sunlight, P B is the rated output power of the photovoltaic panel; D is the horizontal distance between adjacent photovoltaic panels, S p is the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel, H STC is the solar radiation under standard working conditions of photovoltaic panels, χ is the temperature coefficient of photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency, T w is the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel, T STC is the temperature of the photovoltaic panel under standard working conditions, and Δt is the detection time period value;

[0034] The judgment and adjustment module compares the actual measured power generation during the detection period with E Z For comparison, when E Z When the power generation is greater than the actual measured power generation, the control unit controls the mounting frame mechanism to operate and automatically adjust the photovoltaic panel to the solar incident angle α T , and then conduct a second comparison. When the second actual measured power generation is equal to E Z , the mounting frame stops running. When the second actual measured power generation is still less than E Z, the control system controls the drone's infrared monitoring module to patrol and confirm the location of abnormal photovoltaic panels, record and alarm to remind staff to deal with the problematic photovoltaic panels in time.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame and a photovoltaic system. The present invention realizes the floating state of the photovoltaic component on the water surface through a floating body mechanism. The floating body mechanism can adjust the floating height on the water surface through the injection and drainage of the water pump mechanism, thereby adapting to the stability under different water surface wind speeds. The front and rear floating body mechanisms can be combined into modules through the connecting mechanism, which is convenient for free combination to adapt to water surface photovoltaic installations in different water areas. The working angle of the water surface photovoltaic panel assembly can be adjusted through the mounting frame mechanism to adapt to changes in the angle of sunlight, thereby increasing the efficiency and power generation of water surface photovoltaic power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water surface photovoltaic system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a left-side schematic diagram of the water surface photovoltaic system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged local structure in the middle.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Floating body mechanism; 101. Front walkway floating body; 102. Rear walkway floating body; 103. Middle aisle floating body; 104. Screw pile; 105. Anchor rope; 106. Water pump mechanism; 2. Mounting frame mechanism; 201. Electric lifting column; 202. Bearing seat; 203. Loading plate; 204. Vertical bracket; 205. Rotating shaft; 206. Spur gear 1; 207. Rotating bracket; 208. Arc frame; 209. Rack 1; 3. Connecting mechanism; 301. Connecting beam ; 302, floating board; 303, connecting ear; 304, connecting rod; 4, photovoltaic panel assembly; 401, base plate; 402, driving motor one; 403, long worm; 404, photosensor; 405, photovoltaic panel; 406, worm gear ring; 407, first power supply; 408, controller; 409, supporting frame; 5, worm gear drive mechanism; 501, worm gear two; 502, fixing plate; 503, worm gear two; 504, motor two; 505, second power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0044] In addition, in the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and do not specifically refer to the order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish components or operations described with the same technical terms, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions and technical features between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0045] The present invention provides the following embodiments

[0046] Embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame and a photovoltaic system, such as Figure 1As shown, a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame includes: a floating plate 302, an electric lifting column 201, a bearing seat 202 and a mounting frame mechanism 2; the top center of the floating plate 302 is fixedly connected to the bearing seat 202, the top of the bearing seat 202 is connected to the bottom end of the electric lifting column 201, and the top of the electric lifting column 201 is fixedly provided with a mounting frame mechanism 2.

[0047] A water surface photovoltaic system is applied to a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame, comprising: a floating body mechanism 1, a mounting frame mechanism 2, an angle adjustment mechanism, a connecting mechanism 3 and a photovoltaic panel assembly 4; the floating body mechanism 1 is fixedly arranged on the water surface, the connecting mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged at the center of the floating body mechanism 1, the mounting frame mechanism 2 is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism, the connecting mechanism 3 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame mechanism 2, and the photovoltaic panel assembly 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting frame mechanism 2.

[0048] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the present invention realizes the floating state of the photovoltaic component on the water surface through the floating body mechanism 1, and the floating body mechanism 1 can adjust the floating height on the water surface through the injection and drainage of the water pump mechanism 106, so as to adapt to the stability under different water surface wind speeds. The front and rear floating body mechanisms 1 can be combined into modules through the connecting mechanism 3, which is convenient for free combination to adapt to the surface photovoltaic installation of different water areas. The working angle of the water surface photovoltaic panel assembly 4 can be adjusted through the mounting frame mechanism 2 to adapt to the change of the sunlight angle, thereby increasing the efficiency and power generation of water surface photovoltaic power generation.

[0049] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the floating body mechanism 1 includes: a front walkway float 101, a rear walkway float 102 and a middle aisle float 103. The rear end of the front walkway float 101 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle aisle float 103 in the front and rear directions. The rear end of the middle aisle appendage is fixedly installed with the rear walkway float 102. A pair of spiral piles 104 are fixedly arranged underwater on the left and right sides of the front walkway float 101. The left and right ends of the front walkway float 101 are fixedly connected to the spiral piles 104 on each side through anchor ropes 105. The rear walkway float 102 is fixedly connected to the spiral piles 104 on the rear side through anchor ropes 105. The front walkway float 101, the rear walkway float 102 and the middle aisle float 103 are hollow inside, and a water pump mechanism 106 is arranged on them. The water pump mechanism 106 is used to adjust the water level height inside each float.

[0050] Connection mechanism 3: a connection beam 301. The rear end of the center of the front walkway float 101 is fixedly connected to a pair of connection beams 301 that are symmetrical along the front and rear directions. A plurality of floating plates 302 are arranged at intervals in the front and rear of the center of the connection beam 301. The front end of the front walkway float 101 is fixedly connected to a connection ear 303. The rear end of the rear walkway float 102 is hingedly connected to a connection rod 304. The connection rod 304 is hingedly connected to the connection ear 303 of the previous front walkway float 101.

[0051] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the spiral pile 104 and the anchor rope 105 form an anchoring system: ensure that the platform of the floating mechanism is firmly fixed to the bottom of the water body to prevent drift and damage; the floating mechanism: ensure that the entire photovoltaic system can float stably on the water, usually including stabilizers and adjustment devices to cope with the influence of water fluctuations and wind. The front walkway float 101, the rear walkway float 102 and the middle aisle float 103 need to be protected on the surface: such as waterproof, anti-corrosion coatings, sealing devices, etc., to ensure that the equipment can operate stably in the water environment for a long time. The connecting mechanism 3 can form the front walkway float 101, the rear walkway float 102 and the middle aisle float 103 into a whole through a pair of connecting beams 301 in the front and rear directions, increase stability and provide installation space for the photovoltaic panel assembly 4. The connecting rod 304 is hinged to the connecting ear 303 of the previous front walkway float 101, which can be freely combined to expand and reduce the area of ​​the floating mechanism 1, and the hinge connection adapts to the water wave breaking and has a shock-absorbing effect.

[0052] These parts together constitute the waterborne photovoltaic mounting structure, which enables the efficient deployment of solar power generation systems on water bodies and cope with the challenges of various water environments.

[0053] Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the mounting frame mechanism 2 includes: a bearing plate 203, the top of the electric lifting column 201 is fixedly connected to the bearing plate 203 in the horizontal direction, the top of the bearing plate 203 is fixedly installed with a vertical bracket 204, the center of the vertical bracket 204 is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 205 in the left and right directions, the left end of the rotating shaft 205 is fixedly connected to a spur gear 1 206, the top of the vertical bracket 204 is rotatably connected to a rotating bracket 207, the bottom center of the rotating bracket 207 is fixedly connected to an arc frame 208, the outer wall of the arc frame 208 is fixedly connected to a rack 1 209, and the rack 1 209 is meshed and connected with the spur gear 1 206;

[0054] The angle adjustment mechanism includes: a base plate 401, the base plate 401 is fixedly installed on the floating plate 302 on the rear side, a driving motor 402 is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate 401, the output shaft of the driving motor 402 is fixedly connected to a long worm 403 along the front-to-back direction, a worm gear ring 406 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the bottom end of each electric lifting column 201, and the long worm 403 is respectively meshed and connected with each worm gear ring 406, and a first power supply 407 and a controller 408 are fixedly provided at the rear end of the top of the base plate 401, and the controller 408 is electrically connected to the first power supply 407 and the driving motor 402 respectively.

[0055] The angle adjustment mechanism also includes a worm gear drive mechanism 5, which includes: a worm gear 2 501, the right end of the rotating shaft 205 is fixedly connected to the worm gear 2 501, the left end of the vertical bracket 204 is fixedly connected to two fixed plates 502 at intervals, the fixed plates 502 on the upper and lower sides are centrally rotated to connect to the vertical worm 2 503, the worm 2 503 is meshed and connected with the worm gear 2 501, the bottom end of the worm 2 503 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 2 504, the motor 2 504 is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate 502, and the motor 2 504 is electrically connected to the second power supply 505;

[0056] The photovoltaic panel assembly 4 includes: a support frame 409 , the support frame 409 is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating bracket 207 , a photosensitive sensor 404 is fixedly mounted at the center of the left end of the support frame 409 , and a photovoltaic panel 405 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame 409 .

[0057] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: when the mounting frame mechanism 2 is working, the controller 408 controls the first power supply 407 to supply power to the driving motor, and the driving motor drives the long worm 403 to rotate, and the long worm 403 rotates and engages to drive each worm gear ring 406 and the electric lifting column 201 to rotate synchronously in the horizontal direction. When the target position is reached, the driving motor 1 402 stops rotating, and the electric lifting column 201 is adjusted to the target height. When the angle of sunlight changes, the worm gear driving mechanism 5 works, and the controller 408 controls the second power supply 505 to start The motor 2 504 is powered on, and the motor 2 504 drives the worm 2 503 to rotate. The meshing transmission of the worm 2 503 causes the worm wheel 2 501 to rotate. The worm wheel 2 501 drives the rotating shaft 205 and the spur gear 1 206 to rotate synchronously. The meshing transmission of the spur gear 1 206 causes the rack 1 209, the arc frame 208, and the rotating bracket 207 to rotate around the synchronous rotation angle to adjust the working angle of the photovoltaic support frame 409 and the photovoltaic panel 405. The adjustment is conducive to quickly and accurately adjusting the working angle of the photovoltaic panel 405 so that it always faces the sunlight and increases the photovoltaic power generation.

[0058] Embodiment 4, based on embodiment 1, further comprises:

[0059] A first acquisition unit is used to acquire solar parameter information when the photovoltaic panel 405 is in a working area, and the solar parameter information includes: a solar zenith angle and a solar azimuth angle;

[0060] A first angle sensor, used for detecting the working angle between the rotating bracket 207 and the horizontal plane in real time;

[0061] A second angle sensor is used to detect the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 405 in real time;

[0062] The temperature measurement module includes: an ambient temperature measurement unit and a surface temperature measurement unit. The ambient temperature measurement unit is used to detect the ambient air temperature around the photovoltaic panel 405; the surface temperature measurement unit is used to detect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405;

[0063] The UAV infrared monitoring module uses the UAV to regularly patrol and monitor the surface temperature distribution information of the photovoltaic panel 405 in a fixed area to monitor and discover abnormal temperature points;

[0064] The control unit is used to detect, record, control and adjust the operation of the water photovoltaic system, and is located inside the controller 408. The control unit is electrically connected to the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the mounting frame mechanism 2 respectively.

[0065] A first calculation unit, used to calculate the solar incidence angle during a working period;

[0066]

[0067] Where: α T is the solar incident angle during the working period, cos is the cosine function, sin is the sine function, α Z is the solar zenith angle detected by the first acquisition unit, β is the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 405 detected by the first angle sensor, and ε s is the solar azimuth angle detected by the first acquisition unit, and ε is the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 405 detected by the second angle sensor;

[0068] A second calculation unit calculates the solar scattered radiation and solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel 405 based on the result of the first calculation unit;

[0069]

[0070] A third calculation unit, which calculates the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel 405 based on the result of the second calculation unit;

[0071]

[0072] Where: H is the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel 405, H T,α is the ground reflected irradiance, H T,d H is the solar scattered radiation on the inclined surface G is the total solar radiation on the water surface, H b is the solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel 405, H n is the direct solar radiation, H d is the horizontal surface solar scattered radiation, ρ is the ground radiation reflectivity, ln is the logarithmic function, e is a special constant with a value of 2.718; Ti is the ambient air temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405 detected by the temperature measurement module, T S The temperature measurement module detects the average temperature value of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 405. is the influence factor of the ambient air temperature on the average surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405, and cos is the cosine function.

[0073] A power generation calculation unit calculates the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit based on the first calculation unit, the second calculation unit and the third calculation unit;

[0074]

[0075] Where: E Z is the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit in the detection area, δ is the estimated comprehensive efficiency of the photovoltaic system converting solar energy into electrical energy, and its value is 0.82; S w is the available area of ​​the water photovoltaic installation to be tested, l is the side length of the supporting frame 409 when the photovoltaic panel 405 corresponds to the sunlight, and P B is the rated output power of the photovoltaic panel 405; D is the horizontal distance between adjacent photovoltaic panels 405, S p is the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 405, H STC is the solar radiation under standard working conditions of photovoltaic panels, χ is the temperature coefficient of photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency, T w is the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405, T STC is the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405 under standard working conditions, and Δt is the detection time period value;

[0076] The judgment and adjustment module compares the actual measured power generation during the detection period with E Z For comparison, when E Z When the power generation is greater than the actual measured power generation, the control unit controls the mounting frame mechanism to operate and automatically adjusts the photovoltaic panel 405 to the solar incident angle α T , and then conduct a second comparison. When the second actual measured power generation is equal to E Z , the mounting frame stops running. When the second actual measured power generation is still less than E Z , the control system controls the infrared monitoring module of the drone to patrol and shoot, confirm the position of the abnormal photovoltaic panel 405, record and alarm to remind the staff to deal with the problem photovoltaic panel 405 in time.

[0077] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the first acquisition unit is responsible for acquiring solar parameter information including: solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle; while the mounting frame mechanism 2 is running, the first angle sensor and the second angle sensor synchronously detect and record angle changes, and the temperature measurement module is responsible for regularly sampling and detecting the ambient air temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405 and the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel 405; the drone infrared monitoring module uses the drone to regularly patrol and monitor the surface temperature distribution information of the photovoltaic panel 405 in a fixed area, so as to monitor and discover abnormal temperature points;

[0078] The control unit is responsible for detecting, recording, controlling and regulating the operation of the water photovoltaic system, and is located inside the controller 408. The control unit is electrically connected to the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the mounting frame mechanism 2 respectively; the control unit controls the first calculation unit, the second calculation unit and the third calculation unit to calculate the solar incident angle and the irradiation based on the data of the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the photosensor 404, and then calculates the theoretical power generation through the power generation calculation unit, and finally compares the actual measured power generation within the detection time period with the E through the judgment and adjustment module. Z For comparison, when E Z When the power generation is greater than the actual measured power generation, the control unit controls the mounting frame mechanism to operate and automatically adjusts the photovoltaic panel 405 to the solar incident angle α T , and then conduct a second comparison. When the second actual measured power generation is equal to E Z , the mounting frame stops running. When the second actual measured power generation is still less than E Z , the control system controls the infrared monitoring module of the drone to patrol and shoot, confirm the position of the abnormal photovoltaic panel 405, record and alarm to remind the staff to repair or replace the abnormal part of the problematic photovoltaic panel 405 in time.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame, characterized in that: include: A floating plate (302), an electric lifting column (201), a bearing seat (202) and a mounting frame mechanism (2); the center of the top of the floating plate (302) is fixedly connected to the bearing seat (202), the top of the bearing seat (202) is connected to the bottom of the electric lifting column (201), and the top of the electric lifting column (201) is fixedly provided with a mounting frame mechanism (2).

2. A water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame mechanism (2) comprises: a bearing plate (203); the top of the electric lifting column (201) is fixedly connected to the bearing plate (203) in the horizontal direction; a vertical bracket (204) is fixedly installed on the top of the bearing plate (203); the center of the vertical bracket (204) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (205) in the left and right directions; the left end of the rotating shaft (205) is fixedly connected to a spur gear (206); the top of the vertical bracket (204) is rotatably connected to a rotating bracket (207); the bottom center of the rotating bracket (207) is fixedly connected to an arc frame (208); the outer wall of the arc frame (208) is fixedly connected to a rack (209); and the rack (209) is meshedly connected to the spur gear (206).

3. A water surface photovoltaic system, applied to a water surface photovoltaic panel mounting frame as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: include: A floating body mechanism (1), a mounting frame mechanism (2), an angle adjustment mechanism, a connecting mechanism (3) and a photovoltaic panel assembly (4); the floating body mechanism (1) is fixedly arranged on the water surface, the connecting mechanism (3) is fixedly arranged at the center of the floating body mechanism (1), the angle adjustment mechanism is arranged on the mounting frame mechanism (2), the connecting mechanism (3) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame mechanism (2), and the photovoltaic panel assembly (4) is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting frame mechanism (2).

4. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floating body mechanism (1) comprises: a front walkway floating body (101), a rear walkway floating body (102) and a middle aisle floating body (103); the rear end of the front walkway floating body (101) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle aisle floating body (103) in the front and rear directions; the rear end of the middle aisle appendage is fixedly mounted with the rear walkway floating body (102); a pair of spiral piles (104) are fixedly arranged underwater on the left and right sides of the front walkway floating body (101); 1) The left and right ends are fixedly connected to the spiral ground piles (104) on their respective sides through anchor ropes (105); the rear walkway float (102) is fixedly connected to the spiral ground piles (104) on the rear side through anchor ropes (105); the front walkway float (101), the rear walkway float (102) and the middle aisle float (103) are hollow inside and are all provided with water pump mechanisms (106) thereon. The water pump mechanisms (106) are used to adjust the water level inside each float.

5. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connection mechanism (3) comprises: a connection beam (301); the central rear end of the front walkway floating body (101) is fixedly connected to a pair of connection beams (301) symmetrically along the front and rear directions; a plurality of floating plates (302) are arranged at intervals in the central front and rear of the connection beam (301); the front end of the front walkway floating body (101) is fixedly connected to a connection ear (303); the rear end of the rear walkway floating body (102) is hingedly connected to a connection rod (304); and the connection rod (304) is hingedly connected to the connection ear (303) of the previous front walkway floating body (101).

6. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism comprises: a base plate (401), the base plate (401) is fixedly mounted on the rear floating plate (302), a driving motor (402) is fixedly mounted on the top of the base plate (401), the output shaft of the driving motor (402) is fixedly connected to a long worm (403) along the front-back direction, a worm gear ring (406) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the bottom end of each electric lifting column (201), the long worm (403) is meshedly connected with each worm gear ring (406), a first power supply (407) and a controller (408) are fixedly mounted on the rear end of the top of the base plate (401), and the controller (408) is electrically connected to the first power supply (407) and the driving motor (402) respectively.

7. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism also includes a worm gear drive mechanism (5), which includes: a second worm gear (501), the right end of the rotating shaft (205) is fixedly connected to the second worm gear (501), the left end of the vertical bracket (204) is fixedly connected to two fixed plates (502) at intervals above and below, the fixed plates (502) on the upper and lower sides are centrally rotatably connected to a vertical second worm gear (503), the second worm gear (503) is meshingly connected to the second worm gear (501), the bottom end of the second worm gear (503) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor (504), the second motor (504) is fixedly connected to the lower fixed plate (502), and the second motor (504) is electrically connected to the second power supply (505); The photovoltaic panel assembly (4) comprises: a support frame (409), the support frame (409) is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating bracket (207), a photosensitive sensor (404) is fixedly mounted at the center of the left end of the support frame (409), and a photovoltaic panel (405) is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame (409).

8. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also features: A first acquisition unit is used to acquire solar parameter information in a working area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (405), wherein the solar parameter information includes: a solar zenith angle and a solar azimuth angle; A first angle sensor, used for detecting in real time the working angle between the rotating bracket (207) and the horizontal plane; A second angle sensor, used for detecting the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel (405) in real time; The temperature measurement module comprises: an ambient temperature measurement unit and a surface temperature measurement unit, wherein the ambient temperature measurement unit is used to detect the ambient air temperature around the photovoltaic panel (405); and the surface temperature measurement unit is used to detect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel (405); The drone infrared monitoring module uses the drone to regularly patrol and monitor the surface temperature distribution information of the photovoltaic panel (405) in a fixed area, so as to monitor and discover abnormal temperature points; The control unit is used to detect, record, control and adjust the operation of the water photovoltaic system, and is located inside the controller (408). The control unit is electrically connected to the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the mounting frame mechanism (2) respectively.

9. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first calculation unit, used to calculate the solar incidence angle during a working period; Where: α T is the solar incident angle during the working period, cos is the cosine function, sin is the sine function, α Z is the solar zenith angle detected by the first acquisition unit, β is the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (405) detected by the first angle sensor, and ε s is the solar azimuth angle detected by the first acquisition unit, and ε is the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel (405) detected by the second angle sensor; A second calculation unit calculates the solar scattered radiation and solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel (405) based on the result of the first calculation unit; A third calculation unit, which calculates the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel (405) based on the result of the second calculation unit; Where: H is the total solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel (405), H T,α is the ground reflected irradiance, H T,d H is the solar scattered radiation on the inclined surface G is the total solar radiation on the water surface, H b is the solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel (405), H n is the direct solar radiation, H d is the horizontal surface solar scattered radiation, ρ is the ground radiation reflectivity, ln is the logarithmic function, e is a special constant with a value of 2.718; T i is the ambient air temperature of the photovoltaic panel (405) detected by the temperature measurement module, T S The temperature measuring module detects the average temperature value of the surface of the photovoltaic panel (405), is the influence factor of the ambient air temperature on the average surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel (405), and cos is the cosine function.

10. A water surface photovoltaic system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: A power generation calculation unit calculates the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit based on the first calculation unit, the second calculation unit and the third calculation unit; Where: E Z is the power generation of the water photovoltaic unit in the detection area, δ is the estimated comprehensive efficiency of the photovoltaic system converting solar energy into electrical energy, and its value is 0.82; S w is the available area of ​​the water photovoltaic installation to be tested, l is the side length of the supporting frame (409) when the photovoltaic panel (405) corresponds to sunlight, and P B is the rated output power of the photovoltaic panel (405); D is the horizontal distance between adjacent photovoltaic panels (405); S p is the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (405), H STC is the solar radiation under standard working conditions of photovoltaic panels, χ is the temperature coefficient of photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency, T w is the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel (405), T STC is the temperature of the photovoltaic panel (405) under standard working conditions, and Δt is the detection time period value; The judgment and adjustment module compares the actual measured power generation during the detection period with E Z For comparison, when E Z When the power generation is greater than the actual measured power generation, the control unit controls the mounting frame mechanism to operate and automatically adjusts the photovoltaic panel (405) to the solar incident angle α T , and then conduct a second comparison. When the second actual measured power generation is equal to E Z , the mounting frame stops running. When the second actual measured power generation is still less than E Z , the control system controls the infrared monitoring module of the drone to patrol and shoot, confirm the location of the abnormal photovoltaic panel (405), record and alarm to remind the staff to deal with the problem photovoltaic panel (405) in time.

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