Systems including transformers

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a system (10) including a transformer (12) comprising at least one first winding (18) wound with at least one core (14) and at least one second winding (19) wound with the at least one first winding (18). The system (10) also includes at least one voltage sensor (34) configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the at least one second winding (19) via capacitive coupling.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Transformers are widely used to convert electricity from a first voltage level to a second voltage level, which is similar to, higher than or lower than the first voltage level.

[0002] Transformers typically achieve this voltage conversion by employing at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding, each winding being made of electrical conductors. Each of the at least one primary winding and the at least one secondary winding is wound around a core by multiple turns.

[0003] During operation, transformers may be subjected to one or more transient phenomena, particularly fast and ultra-fast transients (such as overvoltage), typically as a result of one or more events, such as switching operations, lightning strikes, etc. Although transformers are generally configured to withstand such transient phenomena to a reasonable degree, these transient phenomena can lead to degradation and / or potential failure of the corresponding transformer.

[0004] Transient phenomena are a concern, particularly because they can lead to transformer failures and / or damage that are difficult to predict, at least in a reliable manner. Such failures can reduce the reliability, safety, and / or reputation of a transformer, and / or increase the operating costs of the transformer involved. Operating costs may include, for example, the replacement and / or repair of the transformer, as well as the costs of investigating the causes and / or damage of the transient phenomenon.

[0005] Current transformer technology still falls short in handling transient phenomena. Therefore, there is a need to improve the ability of transformers to cope with transient phenomena. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, as detailed below, this disclosure describes one or more aspects for improving the ability of a transformer to cope with transient phenomena.

[0007] This disclosure relates to a system according to the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0008] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a component used in a transformer is described.

[0009] The various exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are intended to provide features that will become apparent from the following description and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Exemplary systems, methods, and devices are disclosed herein according to various embodiments. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example and not limitation, and that various modifications can be made to the disclosed embodiments while remaining within the scope of this disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art who read this disclosure.

[0010] Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Furthermore, the specific order and / or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely exemplary methods. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed methods or processes may be rearranged while remaining within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or actions in an exemplary order, and the invention is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless otherwise expressly stated.

[0011] The above and other aspects, and their implementations, are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, description, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form;

[0013] Figure 2 It is shown in the form of another perspective diagram. Figure 1 The system;

[0014] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 and 2 A magnified view of a portion of the system shown;

[0015] Figure 4 A system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form;

[0016] Figure 5 A system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form;

[0017] Figure 6 It is shown in the form of a perspective diagram. Figure 5 The system;

[0018] Figure 7 It is shown in the form of a perspective diagram. Figure 5 and 6 The system;

[0019] Figure 8 It is shown in the form of a perspective diagram Figures 5 to 7 The system;

[0020] Figure 9 A system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form;

[0021] Figure 10 A system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form;

[0022] Figure 11A system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective schematic form.

[0023] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated or obvious, some aspects of any of the embodiments may also be found in some other embodiments. However, for the sake of understanding, each aspect will be described in detail only upon its first mention, and repeated descriptions of the same aspect will be omitted. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The system according to a first aspect of this disclosure may include a transformer, which may include at least one first winding wound around at least one core and at least one second winding wound around the at least one first winding. The core may be made of a ferromagnetic material. The at least one first winding and the at least one second winding may be made of a conductive material. The transformer may further include at least one first core clamp disposed at a first end of the at least one core and configured to clamp the at least one core, particularly at the first end of the at least one core.

[0025] The system may further include at least one voltage sensor configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling. In other words, the at least one voltage sensor may be configured and arranged to sense the voltage from the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling (e.g., by proximity to the at least one second winding). The at least one voltage sensor may be configured and arranged to sense voltages from multiple second windings, such as second windings from adjacent phases of a transformer. For example, the at least one voltage sensor may be configured and arranged to sense a voltage consisting of 50% of the voltage from one second winding and 50% of the voltage from another second winding. For example, the at least one voltage sensor may be at least partially arranged between the second windings of two adjacent phases. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor may be at least partially arranged at a location in a plane extending between the second windings of two adjacent phases and / or in a plane substantially parallel to (preferably at a distance substantially equidistant from the longitudinal axis distance of the legs of the two adjacent phases) and extending between the legs of the two adjacent phases. This allows the at least one voltage sensor to be positioned relatively close to the second winding and relatively far from the first winding. This can isolate the sensed signal to the voltage through the second winding to a relatively large extent. Further optionally, the at least one voltage sensor can be configured and arranged to sense voltages from one or more first windings and one or more second windings, for example, from the first and second windings of adjacent phases of a transformer.

[0026] As discussed at the outset, transient phenomena, particularly fast and overspeed transients (such as overvoltage), can lead to degradation and / or potential failure of the corresponding transformer. Furthermore, transient phenomena can cause transformer failures and / or damage to the transformer that are difficult to predict, at least in a reliable manner. Moreover, identifying the source of transient phenomena is often complex because it typically involves resonance and high-frequency phenomena within the transformer itself and surrounding mounted components.

[0027] Therefore, this disclosure provides at least one voltage sensor configured and arranged to sense the voltage from the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling. Thus, the at least one voltage sensor can be configured to monitor the voltage of the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling to detect transient phenomena, particularly fast and ultra-fast transient phenomena (such as overvoltage), by sensing the voltage through the at least one second winding. The system, particularly the at least one voltage sensor, can be configured to detect transient phenomena when and / or before they occur. For example, the system can be configured to detect one or more events that may cause or indicate one or more transient phenomena, such as one or more switching operations and / or one or more lightning strikes. This can allow the system to predict the occurrence of one or more transient phenomena in a transformer.

[0028] The system can be configured to generate and / or store data based on sensed voltage and optionally based on further data acquired by the system. This allows the system to process and analyze the data. The system can be configured to apply artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning), such as by means of one or more processing devices, particularly a central processing unit, to improve the prediction of transient phenomena based on sensed voltage and optionally based on further data acquired by the system. The system can be configured to wirelessly (e.g., via Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth) transmit data between components of the system (e.g., from the at least one voltage sensor to one or more processing devices) and / or between at least one component of the system and at least one external device (e.g., external evaluation equipment and / or processing equipment, such as client equipment, such as mobile devices, e.g., smart devices or computers). This can reduce cabling work within the system, providing a safer and cleaner environment within and / or around the system. Alternatively or additionally, the system can be configured to transmit data via one or more hard connections, such as via one or more cables and / or one or more optical fibers.

[0029] The system can be configured (e.g., via one or more processing devices communicatively coupled to the at least one voltage sensor) to evaluate the sensed voltage or multiple sensed voltages based on one or more criteria. The system can be configured to generate at least one signal (e.g., at least one warning signal) if the sensed voltage or multiple sensed voltages meet and / or do not meet one or more of the one or more criteria. By providing the warning signal, the transformer operator and / or user can be informed that one or more transient phenomena are occurring, and / or have occurred, and / or will occur in the future. This can allow the transformer operator and / or user to take one or more countermeasures, such as by providing transient voltage protection (TVP), or adapting and / or replacing (e.g., improving) existing countermeasures (such as TVP). This can enable the prevention or at least mitigation and / or delay of damage to the transformer or transformer failure.

[0030] For example, the one or more standards may include one or more voltage thresholds, wherein the system can be configured to generate at least one signal (e.g., at least one warning signal) if the sensed voltage or multiple sensed voltages are greater than or less than at least one of the one or more voltage thresholds. The one or more standards may include at least one range, wherein the system can be configured to generate at least one signal (e.g., at least one warning signal) if the sensed voltage or multiple sensed voltages fall within or outside at least one of the at least one range. The one or more standards may be predetermined. At least one of the one or more standards may be a fixed standard. At least one of the one or more standards may be an adaptive standard, for example, the adaptive standard may adapt to and / or adapt (particularly automatically by the system) corresponding transformations and / or corresponding transformation operating conditions.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, the system may be configured to generate at least one signal (e.g., at least one warning signal) if the number of detected one or more events and / or the number of times the sensed voltage meets or does not meet one or more of the criteria exceeds a certain number or range, and / or its occurrence rate exceeds or does not exceed a threshold.

[0032] The at least one voltage sensor can be retrofitted to existing transformers and / or transformers that have been built and / or are in operation. For example, the at least one voltage sensor can be mounted on the housing of a transformer, wherein the housing can at least partially surround or house one or more components of the transformer, particularly the at least one first winding, the at least one second winding, and the at least one core. The housing can be the housing of a dry-type transformer. The housing can also be the housing of an oil-immersed transformer, wherein the housing can at least partially house the oil of the oil-immersed transformer. The term "housing" can refer to a shell, enclosure, compartment, or any structure that can completely or at least partially surround one or more components of a transformer.

[0033] The at least one voltage sensor can be mounted such that it is located at a predetermined distance from at least one portion of the at least one second winding. The at least one voltage sensor can be mounted such that during system operation and / or when the entire system is moved (e.g., when the system is transported from the manufacturer to a customer site), the predetermined distance between the at least one voltage sensor and at least one portion of the at least one second winding remains substantially constant or changes only minimally. By means of the at least one voltage sensor, the reliability and / or accuracy of sensing the voltage through the at least one second winding and determining whether transient phenomena are occurring and / or will occur in the future can be improved. Furthermore, the at least one voltage sensor is typically calibrated before system operation. If the distance between the at least one voltage sensor and at least one portion of the at least one second winding is changed after calibration, the calibration may need to be repeated and / or adjusted. Therefore, by maintaining the distance between the at least one voltage sensor and at least one portion of the at least one second winding, calibration can remain effective. This allows for ignoring another calibration process and / or adjusting the first calibration.

[0034] The system may include at least one or more processing devices, particularly a central processing unit, configured to acquire and process at least one or more sensing signals from the at least one voltage sensor. The processing devices may be configured to digitize the sensing signals, for example, by means of at least one analog-to-digital converter.

[0035] The at least one voltage sensor can be mounted at / maintain a certain distance from the at least one second winding, particularly a predetermined minimum distance. Specifically, the at least one voltage sensor can be mounted such that it is within a range of the at least one second winding, particularly within a predetermined range, for example, from a maximum distance to a minimum distance, particularly a predetermined minimum distance. By reducing the distance between the at least one voltage sensor and the at least one second winding, unwanted signals, such as signals from another nearby winding and / or another nearby transformer and / or nearby electronic equipment, can be avoided or at least reduced.

[0036] Therefore, the at least one voltage sensor may be installed near the at least one second winding, but at a safe distance from the at least one second winding and / or from the at least one first winding and / or one or more leads and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the transformer leads, for example, at least a predetermined distance. This allows the system to reliably and / or relatively accurately sense the voltage from the at least one second winding, while enhancing the system's ability to prevent arcing and / or partial discharge.

[0037] The at least one voltage sensor may be mounted on a portion of the transformer and / or on a portion of a structure near the transformer, such as on a wall or other structure in the space where the transformer is located or will be located. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor may be mounted on the at least one core clamp. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor may be mounted on the transformer housing. Typically, the at least one voltage sensor may be mounted near at least one or more grounding components, such as one or more cables and / or the at least one core clamp and / or additional grounding components, such as capacitors and / or resistors.

[0038] The system may include multiple voltage sensors. Each of the multiple voltage sensors may be mounted on a different surface or structure. For example, at least one first voltage sensor may be mounted on the at least one core clip, and at least one second voltage sensor may be mounted near the transformer, for example, on a wall or other structure in the room where the transformer is located. Alternatively or additionally, at least one first voltage sensor may be mounted on the transformer housing, and at least one second voltage sensor may be mounted on the at least one core clip.

[0039] As mentioned herein, the at least one voltage sensor can refer to an actual physical sensing device for physically sensing the voltage through the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling. The at least one voltage sensor may be included in at least one voltage sensor unit, which may further include, for example, at least one processing unit, one or more cables, and / or one or more additional devices or components, such as one or more means for attaching the at least one voltage sensor to at least one surface. The at least one voltage sensor may be integrated into a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0040] The at least one voltage sensor can be configured as a patch, such as a relatively flat structure. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor can have at least one mounting surface configured to be mounted on an object, such as the surface of a transformer or any other surface, especially in the vicinity of a transformer. The at least one voltage sensor may include (in particular, accommodate) one electrode or a pair of electrodes.

[0041] The at least one first winding may be the low voltage (LV) winding of the transformer, and the at least one second winding may be the high voltage (HV) winding of the transformer, the HV winding having a voltage higher than that of the LV winding.

[0042] The at least one first winding can be a primary winding, and the at least one second winding can be a secondary winding. Alternatively, the at least one second winding can be a primary winding, and the at least one first winding can be a secondary winding. The primary coil winding can be connected to a voltage source, and the secondary coil winding can be connected to a load, or vice versa.

[0043] Transformers can be low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage transformers. Transformers can be configured as liquid-cooled transformers, such as liquid-immersed transformers, or oil-filled or oil-immersed transformers. Alternatively, transformers can be configured as dry-type transformers, for example, not immersed in a liquid, such as oil.

[0044] The system may further include the at least one core and at least one first core clamp, the at least one first core clamp being disposed at a first end of the at least one core and configured to clamp the at least one core at the first end. The at least one voltage sensor may be connected to the surface of the at least one first core clamp.

[0045] At least one lead of the at least one second winding can be connected to the transformer at a connection point. Specifically, the at least one lead can also be referred to as a terminal, such as a high-voltage (HV) lead or terminal. The at least one voltage sensor can be connected to the surface of the transformer, particularly to the surface of the at least one first core clamp. The surface of the transformer can face away from the connection point and / or can be arranged on a first side of the transformer's vertical central plane, substantially opposite a second side of the vertical central plane, with the at least one lead arranged on the second side. Arranging the at least one voltage sensor on the surface of the transformer facing away from the connection point and / or on a first side of the transformer's vertical central plane substantially opposite the at least one lead can reduce the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor passes through the at least one lead and / or one or more cables and / or buses connected to the at least one lead. Generally, it is undesirable to sense the voltage through the at least one lead and / or one or more cables and / or buses connected to the at least one lead. Instead, it may be desirable to isolate the sensed signal as much as possible to the voltage passing through the at least one second winding. This can, for example, improve the reliability and accuracy of the calibration process, which typically does not take into account the voltage through the at least one lead and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the at least one lead. As discussed at the beginning, the core clip is typically grounded. Therefore, the surface to which the at least one voltage sensor is connected to the at least one first core clip can provide an area for the at least one voltage sensor to reliably, safely, and accurately sense the voltage through the at least one second winding. Furthermore, the at least one first core clip can provide attachment and / or guiding means for attaching and / or guiding one or more wires / cables connected to the at least one voltage sensor, for example for sending one or more signals to and / or from the at least one voltage sensor. In addition, one or more processing devices, particularly a central processing unit, can be attached to and / or mounted in and / or on the at least one first core clip.

[0046] Generally, it is possible to place at least one voltage sensor close to, or at least closer to, one or more leads of a transformer and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to, those leads. However, this may require greater effort regarding electrical insulation between the at least one voltage sensor and the corresponding lead. For example, it may require the use of more insulation material (e.g., with greater thickness) and / or different insulation material, for example, at least partially surrounding the corresponding lead, between the at least one voltage sensor and the corresponding lead and / or cable or busbar. If the at least one voltage sensor is located further away from the corresponding lead, less effort (e.g., cost) is required for insulation.

[0047] The at least one voltage sensor may be arranged (particularly connected to the at least one first core clamp) at a first angular position around the longitudinal axis of the transformer, and the at least one lead may be connected to the transformer at a second angular position. The longitudinal axis of the transformer may be a winding axis on which the at least one first winding and / or the at least one second winding is wound. The first angular position may be offset from the second angular position by a predetermined offset angle. In the operating state of the transformer, the longitudinal axis of the transformer may extend vertically. The first angular position may be offset from the second angular position by at least 90°, particularly at least 120°, more particularly at least 150°, and most particularly substantially 180°. This may also reduce, or further reduce, the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor passes through the at least one lead and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to and conducts to or from the at least one lead, for example, by providing a predetermined (minimum) distance between them via the angular offset between the at least one lead and the at least one voltage sensor.

[0048] At least one voltage sensor (e.g., the aforementioned at least one voltage sensor or another of a plurality of voltage sensors configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling included in the transformer) can be connected to a surface of the transformer, particularly to the surface of the at least one first core clamp. This surface can be arranged on the same side of the transformer's vertical center plane as the at least one lead. Typically, the transformer is provided with at least one second lead connected to the at least one first winding, for example, at least one low-voltage (LV) winding. The at least one second lead is typically arranged opposite the lead connected to the at least one second winding, i.e., opposite the transformer. Therefore, positioning the at least one voltage sensor on the same side of the transformer's vertical center plane as the lead connected to the at least one second winding increases the distance to the at least one second lead of the at least one first winding. This can reduce the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor passes through the at least one second lead of the at least one first winding and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the at least one second lead. As discussed above, it may generally be undesirable to sense voltages through the transformer leads, such as at least one second lead of the at least one first winding and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to that lead. Therefore, it may be necessary to isolate as many sensed signals as possible from the voltage through the at least one second winding.

[0049] The transformer may include at least one second core clamp at a second end of the at least one core, the second end of the at least one core being arranged substantially opposite to a first end of the at least one core, and the second core clamp being configured to clamp the at least one core at its second end. The at least one voltage sensor may be connected to a surface of the at least one first core clamp and / or to a surface of the at least one second core clamp. The arrangement of the at least one voltage sensor on the at least one second core clamp may be configured similarly to the arrangement of the at least one voltage sensor on the at least one first core clamp, as described above.

[0050] At least one lead of the at least one first winding may be disposed at a first end or a second end of the at least one core, the second end being substantially opposite to the first end of the at least one core. The at least one voltage sensor may be disposed at the other end of the first and second ends of the at least one core. Therefore, if at least one lead of the at least one first winding is disposed at the first end of the at least one core, the at least one voltage sensor may be disposed at the second end of the at least one core. Conversely, if at least one lead of the at least one first winding is disposed at the second end of the at least one core, the at least one voltage sensor may be disposed at the first end of the at least one core. This can reduce or further reduce the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor passes through at least one lead of the at least one first winding and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to at least one lead of the at least one first winding. This can further isolate the sensed signal to the voltage passing through the at least one second winding.

[0051] The first end and / or the second end of the at least one core may be the distal or end portion of the at least one core. The first end and / or the second end of the at least one core may be disposed at, within, or near a corresponding core clip (e.g., the at least one first core clip or the at least one second core clip). Accordingly, the at least one voltage sensor may be disposed at, within, or near a corresponding core clip (e.g., the at least one first core clip or the at least one second core clip).

[0052] The at least one voltage sensor may be attached to one end of the at least one core. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor may be attached to the surface of the yoke of the at least one core.

[0053] The transformer may further include at least one housing. The at least one housing may be connected to the at least one first core clamp. The at least one voltage sensor may be connected to the at least one housing. The at least one housing may at least partially or completely house the at least one second winding. The at least one housing may be mechanically coupled to the at least one first core clamp, for example, via one or more mechanical connecting elements, such as rivets or bolts. The at least one voltage sensor may be mechanically coupled (e.g., via one or more mechanical connecting elements, such as rivets or bolts) and / or adhesively coupled to the at least one housing. The at least one housing may be directly or indirectly connected to the at least one first core clamp, for example, via one or more connecting elements. The at least one voltage sensor may be directly or indirectly connected to the at least one housing, for example, via one or more connecting elements.

[0054] The at least one voltage sensor may be attached to the outer surface of the housing (e.g., away from the at least one second winding) or the inner surface of the housing (e.g., facing the at least one second winding).

[0055] A transformer can be an oil-filled transformer and its casing can hold oil.

[0056] The at least one second winding may be a low-voltage winding, and the at least one first winding may be a high-voltage winding of a transformer.

[0057] The at least one voltage sensor may have a circular shape, particularly a spherical, hemispherical, toroidal, or semi-toroidal shape. Configuring the at least one voltage sensor to have a circular shape can prevent or at least reduce the risk of arcing and / or partial discharge occurring between the at least one voltage sensor and its windings, transformer leads, and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the transformer leads. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor may not have any sharp edges, or at least some or most of its edges may be circular.

[0058] The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor may be no more than 500 square centimeters, more particularly no more than 450 square centimeters, more particularly no more than 400 square centimeters, more particularly no more than 350 square centimeters, more particularly no more than 300 square centimeters, more particularly no more than 250 square centimeters, and more particularly no more than 200 square centimeters. This can reduce or at least limit the space occupied by the at least one voltage sensor. This can increase the visual and / or aesthetic appeal of the system, for example, for people viewing the system, such as customers or visitors. Additionally or alternatively, this can reduce the cost of the at least one voltage sensor, for example, by reducing the amount of material required for the at least one voltage sensor. Additionally or alternatively, this can reduce the risk of the at least one voltage sensor potentially being accidentally displaced, for example, by collision with the at least one voltage sensor during maintenance and / or servicing of the system. Additionally or alternatively, this can reduce the risk of insulation failure, for example, at one or more leads of the transformer, due to the reduced or at least limited space occupied by the at least one voltage sensor. Additionally or alternatively, this can reduce the risk of arcing and / or partial discharge, for example, due to the small area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor.

[0059] The maximum spatial dimension of the at least one voltage sensor can be no more than 20 cm, particularly no more than 18 cm, more especially no more than 16 cm, more especially no more than 14 cm, and even more especially no more than 12 cm. This can also reduce, limit, or further reduce or further limit the space occupied by the at least one voltage sensor. The advantageous effects provided therefrom have been described above.

[0060] The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor can be no more than 700 cubic centimeters, particularly no more than 650 cubic centimeters, more especially no more than 600 cubic centimeters, more especially no more than 550 cubic centimeters, and even more especially no more than 500 cubic centimeters. This can also reduce, limit, or further reduce or further limit the space occupied by the at least one voltage sensor. The advantageous effects provided therefrom have been described above.

[0061] The following list of aspects provides alternative features and / or further features of this disclosure:

[0062] 1. A system comprising:

[0063] Transformer, the transformer includes:

[0064] At least one first winding is wound around at least one core.

[0065] At least one second winding is wound around the at least one first winding;

[0066] as well as

[0067] At least one sensor, particularly at least one voltage sensor, is configured and arranged to sense at least one signal, particularly at least one voltage, from the at least one first winding, particularly by capacitive coupling, and / or to sense at least one signal, particularly at least one voltage, from the at least one second winding.

[0068] 2. The system according to aspect 1, the system further includes the at least one core and at least one first core clip disposed at a first end of the at least one core and configured to clamp the at least one core at the first end, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is connected to the surface of the at least one first core clip.

[0069] 3. The system according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein at least one lead of the at least one second winding is connected to the transformer at a connection portion, wherein at least one voltage sensor is connected to a surface of the transformer, particularly to the surface of the at least one first core clamp, wherein the surface to which the at least one voltage sensor is connected is:

[0070] Oriented away from the connecting part;

[0071] And / or,

[0072] The lead wire is arranged on the first side of the vertical center plane of the transformer, which is substantially opposite to the second side of the vertical center plane.

[0073] 4. A system according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is arranged (in particular connected to the at least one first core clamp) at a first angular position around the longitudinal axis of the transformer, and a lead is connected to the transformer at a second angular position, wherein the first angular position is offset from the second angular position by a predetermined offset angle.

[0074] 5. A system according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is connected to the surface of the transformer, particularly to the surface of the at least one first core clamp, wherein the surface is arranged on the same side as the lead wires arranged on the vertical central plane of the transformer.

[0075] 6. A system according to any one of aspects 2 to 5, wherein the transformer includes at least one second core clamp at a second end of the at least one core, the second end of the at least one core being arranged substantially opposite to a first end of the at least one core, the second core clamp being configured to clamp the at least one core at the second end of the at least one core, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is connected to a surface of the at least one first core clamp and / or to a surface of the at least one second core clamp.

[0076] 7. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the lead of the at least one first winding is arranged at a first end or a second end of the at least one core, the second end being substantially opposite to the first end, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is arranged at the other end of the first end and the second end.

[0077] 8. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is attached to one end of the at least one core.

[0078] 9. According to any one of aspects 1 to 8,

[0079] The transformer also includes at least one housing.

[0080] Wherein, the at least one housing is connected to the at least one first core clip, the at least one voltage sensor is connected to the at least one housing, and

[0081] The housing contains at least one second winding.

[0082] 10. The system according to aspect 9, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is attached to the outer surface of the at least one housing.

[0083] 11. The system according to aspect 9 or 10, wherein the transformer is an oil-filled transformer and the at least one casing contains oil.

[0084] 12. The system according to any one of aspects 9 to 11, wherein the at least one voltage sensor is attached to the inner surface of the at least one housing, particularly the inner surface facing the at least one second winding.

[0085] 13. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the at least one second winding is a high-voltage winding and the at least one first winding is a low-voltage winding of the transformer.

[0086] 14. A system according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the at least one voltage sensor has a circular shape, particularly a spherical, hemispherical, annular, or semi-annular shape.

[0087] 15. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor is not greater than 500 square centimeters, particularly not more than 450 square centimeters, more particularly not more than 400 square centimeters, more particularly not more than 350 square centimeters, more particularly not more than 300 square centimeters, more particularly not more than 250 square centimeters, and more particularly not more than 200 square centimeters.

[0088] 16. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the maximum spatial size of the at least one voltage sensor is no more than 20 cm, particularly no more than 18 cm, more particularly no more than 16 cm, more particularly no more than 14 cm, and more particularly no more than 12 cm.

[0089] 17. The system according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor does not exceed 700 cubic centimeters, particularly not more than 650 cubic centimeters, even more particularly not more than 600 cubic centimeters, even more particularly not more than 550 cubic centimeters, and even more particularly not more than 500 cubic centimeters.

[0090] 18. A transformer assembly comprising:

[0091] At least one first winding is configured to wind at least one core;

[0092] At least one second winding, which is wound around or configured to wind around the at least one first winding; and

[0093] At least one voltage sensor, which is configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the at least one first winding and / or the voltage through the at least one second winding via capacitive coupling.

[0094] Figures 1 to 3 A system 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in perspective and schematic form. The system 10 includes a transformer 12, which includes at least one core 14. Figures 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiment, core 14 has three phases, each phase comprising a corresponding core leg 15A, 15B, 15C at least partially housed within a corresponding housing 16. Housing 16 may be at least partially made of cured epoxy resin. Core 14 may include more than three or fewer core legs, such as two, four, five, or more core legs. Core legs (such as core legs 15A, 15B, 15C) are sometimes also referred to as core pillars.

[0095] Each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C is connected to the adjacent core leg via transverse portions 17A, 17B at the top and bottom of the core legs 15A, 15B, 15C, respectively. The transverse portions 17A, 17B are arranged at approximately a 90° angle to the longitudinal axis L of the core legs 15A, 15B, 15C, respectively.

[0096] For each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C, transformer 12 also includes a first winding 18 and a second winding 19 (see...). Figure 3 The second winding 19 and optionally the first winding 18 may be at least partially embedded within a portion of the housing 16. The corresponding first winding 18 may be wound around each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C of the core 14, and the corresponding second winding 19 may be wound around the corresponding first winding 18. The first winding 18 may be a low-voltage (LV) winding, and the second winding 19 may be a high-voltage (HV) winding. Figure 3 An exemplary first winding 18 and a second winding 19 are shown. Transformer 12 may include multiple first windings 18 and multiple second windings 19. As discussed above, for each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C, transformer 12 includes a first winding 18 and a second winding 19.

[0097] The first winding 18 and the second winding 19 can be wound around the longitudinal axis L of each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C, respectively. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The example shown is a core leg. Therefore, the longitudinal axis L can correspond to the winding axis, around which at least one first winding 18 and / or at least one second winding 19 is wound, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 Only one longitudinal axis L is depicted by way of example only. Each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C may have a longitudinal axis L corresponding to the winding axis around which at least one first winding 18 and / or at least one second winding 19 is wound. Lateral portions (such as lateral portions 17A, 17B) are sometimes also referred to as yokes.

[0098] Transformer 12 also includes connections to the second winding 19 (see...) Figure 2 The first lead 20 is connected to the transformer 12 at corresponding connection portions 23 on the circumference of the housing 16. The transformer 12 also includes connections to the first winding 18 (see...). Figure 1 )22.

[0099] The transformer 12 further includes a top core clamp 24 disposed at or at least toward a first end 26 of the core 14 and a bottom core clamp 28 disposed at or at least toward a second end 30 of the core 14, the second end 30 of the core 14 being substantially opposite to the first end 26 of the core 14. The top core clamp 24 and the bottom core clamp 28 are configured to clamp the core 14 at the first end 26 and the second end 30, respectively. Each core clamp 24, 28 includes at least a first clamping structure 24A, 28A and at least a second clamping structure 24B, 28B. Furthermore, each core clamp 24, 28 includes a tensioning device 27 configured to provide tension between the clamping structures 24A, 24B and 28A, 28B, respectively, to clamp the core 14 between them (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 4 )

[0100] System 10 also includes at least one voltage sensor 34 configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the second winding 19 via capacitive coupling. In other words, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is configured and arranged to sense the voltage from any one of the second windings 19 via capacitive coupling (e.g., by proximity to one or more second windings 19).

[0101] Although Figures 1 to 3 Multiple voltage sensors 34 (i.e., voltage sensors 34A to 34D) are indicated, but this generally means showing multiple possible locations for arranging the voltage sensors 34, indicated by the letters "A", "B", "C", and "D". However, the system may also include multiple voltage sensors 34 arranged at various locations, for example, at one or more locations described below.

[0102] like Figure 1 As shown, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be connected to the surface of the top core clip 24 and / or the surface of the bottom core clip 28 at positions D and A, respectively. Figure 1 As shown, the surfaces of the core clips 24 and 28 that can be connected to at least one voltage sensor 34 face away from the connection portion 23 of the lead 20 of the second winding 19. Alternatively, in Figure 1 The position of at least one voltage sensor 34 at positions A and D can be represented as being arranged on a first side of the vertical center plane of the transformer 12, substantially opposite to a second side of the vertical center plane, with the lead 20 of the second winding 19 arranged on the second side. The vertical center plane can extend through each core leg 15A, 15B, 15C of the core 14 and each transverse portion 17A, 17B.

[0103] like Figure 1 As shown, voltage sensor 34 can be connected to top core clip 24 and / or bottom core clip 28 at a first angular position on the longitudinal axis L surrounding each leg 15A, 15B, 15C of core 14. Lead 20 of second winding 19 is connected to transformer 12 at a second angular position, wherein the first angular position is offset from the second angular position by a predetermined offset angle. For example, voltage sensors 34A and 34D can be offset by an offset angle of approximately 180°, such as... Figure 1 As shown, and Figure 2 The voltage sensors 34B and 34C are not angularly offset from the leads 20 of the second winding 19.

[0104] In positions A and D, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is arranged relatively away from the leads 20 of the second winding 19. As discussed at the outset, this reduces the extent to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor 34 passes through the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and / or through one or more cables and / or buses connected to the leads 20 of the second winding 19. For example, this can improve the reliability and accuracy of the calibration process for the at least one voltage sensor 34, which typically does not take into account the voltage through the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and / or through one or more cables and / or buses connected to the leads 20 of the second winding 19. Furthermore, as discussed at the outset, the core clips are typically grounded. Therefore, the surfaces on which the at least one voltage sensor 34 is connected to the core clips 24, 28 can provide an area for the at least one voltage sensor 34 to reliably, safely, and accurately sense the voltage through the second winding 19. Furthermore, the core clips 24 and 28 may provide attachment and / or guiding means for attaching and / or guiding one or more wires / cables connected to the at least one voltage sensor 34, for example, for sending one or more signals to and / or from the at least one voltage sensor 34. Additionally, one or more processing devices, particularly a central processing unit, may be attached to and / or mounted in and / or on the core clips 24 and 28.

[0105] In positions B and C, compared to positions A and D, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is typically arranged closer to the lead 20 of the second winding 19. However, since the lead 22 of the first winding 18 is arranged on the opposite side of the transformer 12, the at least one voltage sensor 34 in positions B and C is arranged further away from the lead 22 of the first winding 18 relative to the lead 20 of the second winding 19 compared to positions A and D. This reduces the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor 34 passes through the lead 22 of the first winding 18 and / or through one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the lead 22 of the first winding 18. In positions B and C, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is connected to the surface of the core clamps 24, 28, wherein the surface is arranged on the same side of the vertical center plane of the transformer 12 as the lead 20 of the second winding 19.

[0106] Figure 4 An embodiment of system 10 is shown, in which various other possible locations of the at least one voltage sensor 34 are illustrated. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be arranged on an extension 42 attached to a portion of the bottom core clip 28, as... Figure 4Position E is shown in the diagram. This allows the at least one voltage sensor 34 to be positioned relatively close to the second winding 19, for example, without requiring the at least one voltage sensor 34 to be directly attached to the housing 16 of the transformer 12. The extension 42 can achieve precise positioning of the at least one voltage sensor 34 relative to the second winding 19, for example, by adjusting the positioning and / or orientation of the extension 42 relative to the second winding 19. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be arranged on a support rail 45 supporting the core 14 thereon, such as... Figure 4 Positions F and G are shown in the diagram. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be arranged within one of the core clips 24 and 28, for example, at least partially between clip structures 24A, 24B and 28A, 28B, as shown. Figure 4 Position H is shown in the diagram.

[0107] Figures 1 to 4 The transformer 12 of the system 10 shown is configured as a dry-type transformer, such as a transformer that is not immersed in a liquid such as oil.

[0108] However, the system 10 described herein can also be configured with a liquid-cooled transformer, such as a liquid-immersed transformer, like an oil-filled or oil-immersed transformer. For example, in Figures 5 to 7 This configuration of system 10 is shown in the image. (Compared to...) Figures 1 to 4 The system 10 shown is different. Figures 5 to 7 The transformer 12 of the system 10 shown includes at least one housing 44 configured to store or contain at least one liquid, particularly oil, for example, for cooling the transformer 12. The housing 44 can be configured as a box, particularly an oil tank. The core legs 15A, 15B, 15C of the core 14 and the first winding 18 and the second winding 19 are surrounded by the housing 44. Figures 5 to 7 As shown in the embodiments, system 10 includes a single housing 44. Alternatively, system 10 may include multiple housings 44, wherein each housing 44 may individually at least partially accommodate a corresponding core leg 15A, 15B, 15C and associated first winding 18 and second winding 19, rather than providing a single housing to at least partially accommodate each core leg and each first winding 18 and second winding 19. Thus, each housing 44 may be configured to accommodate at least one liquid, particularly oil, for example, for cooling transformer 12.

[0109] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the embodiment, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be arranged on one of the core clips 24 and 28. Figures 1 to 4 The embodiments shown are different, in Figures 5 to 7In the illustrated embodiment, the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18 are both arranged toward the first end 26 of the at least one core 14. Therefore, in positions A and B, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is arranged relatively far from, or at least farther from, the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18 than in positions C and D. As discussed at the outset, this reduces the degree to which the voltage sensed by the at least one voltage sensor 34 passes through the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18 and / or one or more cables and / or busbars connected to the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18.

[0110] However, arranging the at least one voltage sensor 34 at positions C and D is also feasible and can indeed improve the sensitivity of the at least one voltage sensor 34 to sensing the voltage through the second winding 19. However, arranging the at least one voltage sensor 34 at positions C and D may require greater effort for insulation between the at least one voltage sensor 34 and the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18. For example, this may require greater and / or more reliable insulation between the at least one voltage sensor 34 and the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18 (e.g., at least partially around the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18), such as insulation with greater thickness and / or higher quality. If the at least one voltage sensor 34 is located further away from the leads 20 of the second winding 19 and the leads 22 of the first winding 18, less effort is needed / sufficient for insulation compared to arranging the at least one voltage sensor 34 at positions C and / or D.

[0111] Instead, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is positioned on a portion of the core clips 24, 28 (e.g., in such a location). Figure 5 and Figure 6 (as shown at positions A to D), the at least one voltage sensor 34 can alternatively be disposed on a portion of the housing 44, such as Figure 7 As shown. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be attached to the inner surface of the housing 44, for example, the inner surface facing the second winding 19. Figure 7 Exemplary positions I to K are shown. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor 34 may be attached to the outer surface of the housing 44 or an external structure, for example, on the top of the housing 44, such as... Figure 8 As shown in the image. Figure 8 Exemplary positions L to N are shown. In particular, when the at least one voltage sensor 34 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 44 or on an external structure, such as... Figure 8As shown, typically, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be configured / intended to detect voltage at the lead 20 of the second winding 19 and / or at one or more cables and / or busbars attached to the lead 20 of the second winding 19. Therefore, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be arranged in a region / area of ​​the housing 44 near or adjacent to the lead 20 of the second winding 19 and / or near or adjacent to one or more cables and / or busbars attached to the lead 20 of the second winding 19.

[0112] Dry-type transformers (such as, Figures 1 to 4 The transformer 12 shown may also include a housing 56, which is similar to Figures 5 to 8 The housing 44 shown. For example, Figure 9 An embodiment is shown in which a transformer 12 (e.g., a dry-type transformer) can be housed within a housing 56. Similar to... Figures 5 to 8 In the embodiment of the transformer 12 shown, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be attached to the outer surface or structure of the housing 56, such as... Figure 9 As shown. In particular, when the at least one voltage sensor 34 is arranged on the outer surface or structure of the housing 56, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is typically configured / intended to detect the voltage at the lead 20 of the second winding 19 and / or at one or more cables and / or busbars attached to the lead 20 of the second winding 19, as described above. Figure 8 As discussed, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be attached to an area of ​​the housing 56 near or adjacent to the lead 20 of the second winding 19 and / or near or adjacent to one or more cables and / or busbars attached to the lead 20 of the second winding 19. Since the one or more cables and / or busbars can enter the housing towards the lead 20 at multiple different areas of the housing 56, correspondingly, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be attached to multiple different areas of the housing 56 near or adjacent to one or more cables and / or busbars, such as... Figure 9 Regions 58, 60, and 62 are shown in the diagram. Alternatively, the at least one voltage sensor 34 can be attached to the inner surface of the housing 56, for example, the inner surface facing the second winding 19, as shown in the diagram. Figure 10 Positions O to R are shown in the diagram. For a better illustration... Figure 10 From position O to position R in the middle, Figure 10 The casing 56 is omitted in the illustration.

[0113] Figure 11 An exemplary configuration of the at least one voltage sensor 34 is shown. In particular, the at least one voltage sensor 34 is configured as a surface mount and integrated into a printed circuit board (PCB). The at least one voltage sensor 34 is attached to the surface of the bottom core clip 28.

[0114] While various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example only and not as limitations. Similarly, various figures may depict exemplary architectures or configurations to enable those skilled in the art to understand the exemplary features and functionality of this disclosure. However, such persons will understand that this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary architectures or configurations shown, but can be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. Furthermore, as those skilled in the art will understand, one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Therefore, the breadth and scope of this disclosure should not be limited by any of the exemplary embodiments described above.

[0115] It should also be understood that any reference to elements in this document using names such as "first," "second," etc., generally does not restrict the number or order of these elements. Rather, these names may be used herein as a convenient way to distinguish two or more elements or instances of elements. Therefore, references to first and second elements do not imply that only two elements can be used, or that the first element must somehow precede the second element.

[0116] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should be given the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. A system (10) including a transformer (12), the transformer comprising: At least one first winding (18) is wound around at least one core (14). At least one second winding (19) is wound around the at least one first winding (18), and At least one voltage sensor (34) is configured and arranged to sense the voltage through the at least one second winding (19) via capacitive coupling. The system (10) further includes the at least one core (14) and at least one first core clip (24, 28) disposed at a first end of the at least one core (14) and configured to clamp the at least one core (14) at the first end, wherein the at least one voltage sensor (34) is connected to the surface of the at least one first core clip (24, 28). At least one lead (20) of the at least one second winding (19) is connected to the transformer at the connection portion (23), wherein the surface of the at least one first core clip (24, 28) connected to the at least one voltage sensor (34) faces away from the connection portion (23).

2. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the at least one first core clip (24, 28) connected to the at least one voltage sensor (34) is arranged on a first side of the vertical center plane of the transformer, the first side being substantially opposite to a second side of the vertical center plane, and the at least one lead (20) is arranged on the second side.

3. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) is arranged at a first angular position around the longitudinal axis (L) of the transformer, and at least one lead (20) is connected to the transformer at a second angular position, wherein the first angular position is offset from the second angular position by a predetermined offset angle.

4. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one voltage sensor (34) is connected to the surface of the transformer, wherein, The surface and at least one lead (20) are arranged on the same side of the vertical center plane of the transformer.

5. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transformer includes at least one second core clip (24, 28) at a second end of the at least one core (14), the second end of the at least one core (14) being arranged substantially opposite to a first end of the at least one core (14), the second core clip (24, 28) being configured to clamp the at least one core (14) at the second end of the at least one core (14), wherein the at least one voltage sensor (34) is surface-connected to the at least one first core clip (24, 28) and / or surface-connected to the at least one second core clip (24, 28).

6. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least one lead (22) of the at least one first winding (18) is arranged at a first end or a second end of the at least one core (14), the second end being substantially opposite to the first end, wherein the at least one voltage sensor (34) is arranged at the other end of the first end and the second end.

7. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) is attached to one end of the at least one core (14).

8. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3. in, The transformer (12) also includes at least one housing (44). Wherein, at least one housing (44) is connected to at least one first core clip (24, 28), and at least one voltage sensor (34) is connected to at least one housing (44), and The housing (44) houses the at least one second winding (19).

9. The system (10) according to claim 8, wherein the at least one voltage sensor (34) is attached to the outer surface of the at least one housing (44).

10. The system (10) according to claim 8, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) is attached to the inner surface of the at least one housing (44).

11. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 9 to 10, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) has a circular shape.

12. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 9 to 10, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 500 square centimeters.

13. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 9 to 10, wherein, The maximum spatial dimension of the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 20 cm.

14. The system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 9 to 10, wherein, The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 700 cubic centimeters.

15. The system (10) according to claim 3, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) is connected to the at least one first core clip (24, 28).

16. The system (10) according to claim 4, wherein at least one voltage sensor (34) is connected to the surface of the at least one first core clip (24, 28).

17. The system (10) according to claim 10, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) is attached to the inner surface of the at least one housing (44) facing the at least one second winding (19).

18. The system (10) according to claim 11, wherein, The at least one voltage sensor (34) has a spherical, hemispherical, annular, or semi-annular shape.

19. The system (10) according to claim 12, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 450 square centimeters.

20. The system (10) according to claim 19, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 400 square centimeters.

21. The system (10) according to claim 20, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 350 square centimeters.

22. The system (10) according to claim 21, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 300 square centimeters.

23. The system (10) according to claim 22, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 250 square centimeters.

24. The system (10) according to claim 23, wherein, The maximum projected area of ​​the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 200 square centimeters.

25. The system (10) according to claim 13, wherein, The maximum spatial dimension of the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 18 cm.

26. The system (10) according to claim 25, wherein, The maximum spatial dimension of the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 16 cm.

27. The system (10) according to claim 26, wherein, The maximum spatial dimension of the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 14 cm.

28. The system (10) according to claim 27, wherein, The maximum spatial size of the at least one voltage sensor (34) is no more than 12 cm.

29. The system (10) according to claim 14, wherein, The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 650 cubic centimeters.

30. The system (10) according to claim 29, wherein, The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 600 cubic centimeters.

31. The system (10) according to claim 30, wherein, The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 550 cubic centimeters.

32. The system (10) according to claim 31, wherein, The spatial volume of the at least one voltage sensor (34) does not exceed 500 cubic centimeters.

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