Mountain fir large-diameter timber ecological forest culture method

Abstract

The invention provides a mountain fir large-diameter timber ecological forest culture method, and belongs to the technical field of forestry. The invention relates to a mountain fir large-diameter timber ecological forest culture method which is used for transforming a fir degenerated man-made forest or a fir pure man-made forest. The method comprises the following steps of cutting and pile killing, ecological weed control, forest land design, deep plowing and pier making, fir making in a forest belt, weed control in the forest belt, pier protection and fertilization, ecological maintenance and large-diameter timber separated cutting and culture. According to the mountain China fir large-diameter timber ecological forest culture method, ecological prior ecological forest culture new-quality productivity is implemented, about 2 / 3 of the forest land is not cultivated to keep original ecology, the biological diversity of the forest land is protected, and about 1 / 3 of the forest land is used for building a forestation zone for culturing China fir large-diameter timber. The method can promote fast growth of the cunninghamia lanceolata, achieves the standard of large-diameter materials, and gives consideration to efficient and sustainable operation of the forest land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and in particular relates to an "ecological afforestation" method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber. Background Art

[0002] Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook has many aliases, such as sand tree (common in southwestern provinces and regions), Zhengshan, Zhengmu (Zhejiang area), and Thornshan (Anhui area). As an important fast-growing native coniferous timber species, Cunninghamia lanceolata has a long history of cultivation. Its distribution range is extremely wide, from the warm and humid southern region to some northern regions with suitable climates. Cunninghamia lanceolata can be seen in the production areas because of its rapid growth, high yield, excellent material and wide range of uses. It is deeply loved by the people in the production areas and has become the preferred tree species for many afforestation projects. According to statistics, the cultivated area of ​​Cunninghamia lanceolata is as high as 134 million mu (Wu Zhonglun 1984).

[0003] For a long time, Chinese fir has occupied an important position in forestry production. However, with the passage of time and unreasonable management methods, especially due to continuous planting and other reasons, the caliber of products from Chinese fir forests has gradually become smaller. In the current market environment, the demand for large-diameter timber is increasing, and the caliber of timber produced by traditional Chinese fir forests is seriously asymmetric with the large-diameter timber required by the market. Forestry experts have conducted a lot of research and experiments on suitable areas, site selection, and seedling selection for large-diameter timber cultivation, and provided valuable information. In the traditional large-diameter timber cultivation methods, there are land preparation methods such as pits and horizontal strips, as well as specific afforestation densities, such as setting the spacing between rows and plants to 2.0m×2.5m or 2m×2m, and at the same time, tending management is carried out, and weeding is carried out twice a year within three years after afforestation. In addition, thinning operations will be carried out, and a lower-layer thinning method will be adopted, following the principle of cutting small and leaving large, and cutting inferior and leaving superior, and finally the density will be controlled at 60-100 plants / mu as the appropriate number of plants for cultivating large-diameter timber. However, these traditional methods are often difficult to achieve the ideal large-diameter timber cultivation effect in actual application.

[0004] At the same time, the cultivation process of Chinese fir inevitably causes a certain degree of damage to the habitat environment. Large-scale planting of Chinese fir will lead to a reduction in biodiversity. Since Chinese fir is a single-species plantation, its ecosystem is relatively simple, and the food and habitat it provides for wild animals are limited, making it difficult for many species that rely on complex ecological environments to survive, thereby reducing the biodiversity in the area. Moreover, the continuous planting of Chinese fir plantations will absorb a large amount of nutrients in the soil. If there are no reasonable soil improvement measures after continuous planting, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements in the soil will gradually become scarce, resulting in the deterioration of soil structure and reduced water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir timber, which can protect the original ecological environment of the forest while meeting the demand for cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir timber. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an "ecological afforestation" method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir, which can promote the rapid growth of fir, meet the large-diameter timber standards, and take into account the efficient and sustainable management of the forest land.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for cultivating large-diameter fir timber in mountainous areas by "ecological afforestation", which transforms degraded fir plantations or pure fir plantations, comprises the following steps: felling and killing of stumps → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep plowing and making mounds → fir planting in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → mound protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → cultivation of large-diameter timber by alternate felling;

[0009] The forest land design includes: dividing the forest land into vertical "afforestation belts" and "ecological belts" distributed at intervals along the vertical direction of the mountain contour lines; the width of the "afforestation belts" is 0.8-1.2m, and Chinese fir is planted; the width of the "ecological belts" is 1.8-2.2m, and the original forest land ecological environment is preserved;

[0010] The deep plowing and mound making includes: deep plowing and land preparation of the "afforestation belt" to construct an "afforestation mound" 18-25cm higher than the "ecological belt";

[0011] The fir planting in the forest belt includes: planting fir seedlings in the center of the "afforestation pile", with the spacing between the fir seedlings being 1-1.2m;

[0012] The method of cultivating large-diameter timber by thinning the trees comprises: carrying out the first thinning after the Chinese fir trees are planted for 6-8 years; carrying out the second thinning when 80% of the Chinese fir trees have a breast diameter of ≥24 cm in the central production area with a site index of 16 or above, and cultivating the remaining Chinese fir trees into large-diameter timber.

[0013] Preferably, the felling and stump killing comprises: after felling, spraying a "stump killing agent" on the stump surface, wherein the "stump killing agent" is selected from one or more of the sulfonylurea herbicides.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological weed control comprises: spraying a selective herbicide "grass-killing agent" on the entire forest, wherein the selective herbicide "grass-killing agent" is selected from one or more aromatic oxygen phenoxy propionic acid herbicides.

[0015] Preferably, during the deep tillage, the soil is plowed to a depth of 50-80 cm and an inner ditch is set in the "afforestation mound".

[0016] Preferably, the weed control in the forest belt comprises: applying "weed sealant" to the afforestation belt 20-40 days after the planting of Chinese fir, wherein the "weed sealant" is selected from Gol or Simazine.

[0017] Preferably, the mound protection and fertilization includes: in early April of the following year after the planting of the Chinese fir, the "afforestation mound" is protected by soil, and fertilizers are applied in holes next to the Chinese fir.

[0018] Preferably, the ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants in the "ecological belt" invade the "afforestation belt", the invading plants are cut off and controlled.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes forest farming after weed control in the forest belt, planting grains, oils, fruits and vegetables between the fir trees in the "afforestation belt", and / or planting one or more of mushroom grass, Chinese herbal medicine and edible fungi in the "ecological belt".

[0020] Preferably, the method further comprises carrying out understory cultivation after the second thinning, wherein crops are planted under the forest, and the crops are selected from one or more of mushroom grass, Chinese herbal medicine and edible fungi.

[0021] Preferably, during the felling and stumping, the first thinning and the second thinning, the discarded branch residues are used for covering the forest land.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) New quality innovation. The "ecological afforestation" method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber of the present invention first gives priority to ecology in afforestation technology. The combination of "ecological belt" and "afforestation belt" is a new model of afforestation production. The "ecological belt" does not require hoeing or earth-moving, and is absolutely protected. It occupies about 2 / 3 of the forest area, thus protecting the original ecological environment of the forest and the biodiversity of the forest. It is an innovative concept proposed and practiced for the first time in artificial afforestation.

[0024] (2) Promote high forest yield. It is generally believed that vertical afforestation is not conducive to soil and water conservation. Most traditional afforestation methods adopt horizontal strip planting at the same height. The "ecological afforestation" method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir wood of the present invention changes the round afforestation mound into a horizontal long mound to prevent soil and water loss, and deep plowing is beneficial to the growth of young trees; in the early stage of the fir wood, under the protection of the "ecological belt", the biological characteristics of the fir wood are met and the wood grows vigorously, thus promoting the high yield of large-diameter fir wood.

[0025] (3) High efficiency of forest land. The present invention can also combine forest land / underforest planting and breeding in afforestation belts and ecological belts, promote the economic development of forest land, and improve economic and ecological benefits.

[0026] (4) The method of cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber through "ecological afforestation" of the present invention allows the forest land to return to its original ecology, protects biodiversity, achieves sustainable management, provides ecological protection for the forest, reduces forest cultivation, reduces afforestation costs, and promotes the growth of fir. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention is a process flow chart of the method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber by "ecological afforestation". In the figure, A is felling and stump removal, B is ecological weed control, C is forest design, D is forest belt fir planting, E is forest belt weed control, F is forest land cultivation, G is mound protection and fertilization, and H is ecological maintenance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention provides an "ecological afforestation" method for cultivating large-diameter timber of mountain fir, which is used to transform degraded fir plantations or pure fir plantations to meet the standards for large-diameter timber while taking into account the high efficiency and sustainable management of forest land, comprising the following steps: felling and eliminating stumps → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep plowing and making mounds → forest belt fir planting → forest belt weed control → mound protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → alternate felling and cultivating large-diameter timber; preferably, the method is further combined with forest land / underforest planting and breeding to improve ecological benefits, comprising the following steps: felling and eliminating stumps → ecological weed control → ecological design → deep plowing and making mounds → forest belt fir planting → forest belt weed control → forest land planting and breeding → mound protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → alternate felling and cultivating large-diameter timber → underforest planting and breeding.

[0029] In the present invention, felling and killing stumps includes: after felling, spraying "stump killing agent" on the stump surface, the "stump killing agent" is selected from one or more of sulfonylurea herbicides, preferably the "stump killing agent" is a combination of sulfosulfuron-methyl and organophosphorus herbicides, and more preferably a combination of sulfosulfuron-methyl and glyphosate. The present invention does not specifically limit the application amount of the "stump killing agent", and it can be applied according to the recommended amount of the relevant product. As a feasible implementation method, when felling a Chinese fir plantation, the fellers carry the "stump killing agent" and spray the stump surface with the "stump killing agent" immediately after felling. The fresh felled stumps absorb the "stump killing agent" and then conduct it to the roots of the Chinese fir, inhibiting the division of root cells and dying, so that new plants cannot sprout; in addition, after the expanded roots wither and rot, they provide a large amount of organic matter and porosity for the forest soil, promote the growth of planted young Chinese fir, and avoid the need for forest desprouting operations.

[0030] In the present invention, ecological weed control includes: spraying the whole forest with a selective herbicide "Anti-graft", wherein the selective herbicide "Anti-graft" is selected from one or more aromatic oxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides, preferably a combination of cypermethrin and clethodim, and more preferably, the selective herbicide "Anti-graft" is sprayed with an ultra-low volume by a drone. The present invention does not specifically limit the application amount of the selective herbicide "Anti-graft", and it can be applied according to the recommended amount of the relevant product. After felling and killing the piles, plants such as Miscanthus fragrans, Imperata cylindrica, and bamboo shoots in the forest grow again. The selective herbicide "Anti-graft" is used for prevention and control, which can effectively protect the biodiversity of the forest while killing weeds.

[0031] In the present invention, the forest land design includes: dividing the forest land into vertical "afforestation belts" and "ecological belts" distributed at intervals along the vertical direction of the mountain contour lines, wherein the "afforestation belt" is 0.8-1.2m wide and is used to plant Chinese fir, and the "ecological belt" is 1.8-2.2m wide and retains the original forest land ecological environment; preferably, the "afforestation belt" is 1m wide and the "ecological belt" is 2m wide. As an implementable embodiment, the present invention constructs a vertical "afforestation belt" and a vertical "ecological belt" in the following manner: at the left and right centers of each slope of the forest land, pull a plastic colored rope (pencil thick) to lay a vertical line from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain as a "center rope"; three people take a pencil-thick plastic "row rope" (a marking knot is tied every 3 meters on the row rope) and straighten it horizontally at 90° from an appropriate position on the mountain to intersect with the "center rope". One person grabs the intersection at the "center rope" position, and the other two people straighten it horizontally in the left and right directions and walk to the end. When walking, the central person directs the two people on the left and right to straighten, tighten and fix it. Then the three people insert a "marking stick" at each 3-meter node (the "marking stick" is 1.5 meters long, one end is pointed and inserted into the ground, and the other end is tied with red plastic cloth for marking). It must be inserted straight and not skewed. The same method is used to insert marks in the mountain and at the bottom of the mountain for marking when the excavator is working, completing the design and positioning of the "afforestation belt" and "ecological belt". The present invention adheres to the principle of ecological priority. During the cultivation of large-diameter fir timber in mountainous areas, about 2 / 3 of the forest land constructs an "ecological belt" to protect the original ecology and biodiversity of the forest land, and about 1 / 3 of the forest land constructs an "afforestation belt" to cultivate large-diameter fir timber. The "afforestation belt" and the "ecological belt" promote and restrict each other, and complement each other's advantages. The fir seedlings can receive shade and cooling from the ecological belt, meeting the standards for large-diameter fir timber while taking into account the efficient and sustainable management of the forest land.

[0032] In the present invention, deep plowing and pier making include: deep plowing of the "afforestation belt", land preparation to construct a horizontally long "afforestation pier" 18-25cm higher than the "ecological belt", preferably the "afforestation pier" is 20cm higher than the "ecological belt". Preferably, the deep plowing is 50-80cm, and more preferably 60cm. Preferably, an inner ditch is set in the "afforestation pier", the inner ditch is perpendicular to the "afforestation belt" and leads to the "ecological belts" on both sides, and more preferably the inner ditch is 30cm deep, the inner ditch can hold water when it rains, and can block water during heavy rain, and the excess rainwater flows to the "ecological belt", and will not form surface runoff of the "afforestation belt" to cause soil and water loss. As an implementable embodiment, the present invention adopts the following method for deep plowing and pier making: according to the marks of the forest design, the excavator aligns the upper and lower vertical marks for deep plowing to form an "afforestation belt"; under the guidance of the vertical marks, the excavator walks from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain for about 3m, puts down the plug plate to fix the excavator, twists the digging head and inserts it into the soil at the bottom of the mountain, shrinks the hook head, and raises the soil full of the hook head to a certain height (above the ground) and throws it back to its original position, turns the original bottom soil to the table surface, and the table surface soil and weeds and grass seeds are turned into the bottom and buried deeply. After turning the soil continuously for 4-6 times, when the table surface reaches about 2m, the plane of the afforestation belt is leveled; the same continuous operation is carried out to the top of the mountain, and deep plowing is carried out from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain, and another slope is made after one slope is made; when the excavator is deep plowing, afforestation piers are made at the same time. When the excavator is deep plowing the belt, the hook head is inserted into the soil 40cm at a distance of 1m, and the full hook soil is dug up and thrown to the lower position, so as to form a horizontal long "afforestation pier" 18-25cm higher than the ecological belt.

[0033] In the present invention, planting fir in forest belts includes: planting fir seedlings in the center of the afforestation mound, with a spacing of 1-1.2m between the seedlings, preferably 1m, and further preferably selecting good quality and strong seedlings of fir, planting them not against the mountain, and aligning the upper and lower seedlings in a vertical line.

[0034] In the present invention, weed control in the forest belt includes: 20-40 days after the planting of Chinese fir, preferably 30 days later, the "afforestation belt" is applied with "shrub sealant", the "shrub sealant" is selected from Gol or Simazine, and the application method is further preferably broadcasting or spraying, and avoids the Chinese fir seedlings. The present invention does not specifically limit the application amount of Gol or Simazine, and can be applied according to the recommended amount of the relevant products. Gol or Simazine can prevent the growth of shrubs (Litsea cubeba, Sesame, Saltwort, etc.) and weeds (mainly perennial weeds such as Gramineae and Cyperaceae) in the "afforestation belt", so that the above-mentioned shrubs and weeds are promptly controlled and removed when they emerge from the soil, ensuring the normal growth of young Chinese fir, and also enabling the young Chinese fir planted that year to achieve no-tillage.

[0035] In the present invention, it is preferred to carry out forest cultivation and breeding after the grass control in the forest belt is completed, and it is further preferred to include: planting grains, oils, fruits and vegetables between the fir trees in the "afforestation belt", and / or planting one or more of mushroom grass, Chinese herbal medicine and edible fungi in the "ecological belt". As an implementable method, grains, oils, fruits and vegetables are selected from sorghum, corn, sunflower, pumpkin, watermelon, soybean, etc., to realize the "big food concept, grains and oils go up the mountain"; mushroom grass is selected from giant mushroom grass, royal bamboo grass, etc., which are rich in protein and are used to cultivate edible fungi, and chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry can also be raised at the same time. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific field management of forest cultivation and breeding, and the common forest cultivation and breeding methods in this field can be adopted.

[0036] In the present invention, the mound protection and fertilization includes: in early April of the following year after the planting of Chinese fir, the "afforestation mound" is protected by soil, and fertilizer is applied in holes beside the Chinese fir; preferably, fertilizer holes are dug 20 cm away from the Chinese fir seedlings, the specifications of the fertilizer holes are 10 cm deep, 15 cm wide, and 25 cm long, high-nitrogen quick-acting compound fertilizer is spread, and the soil is covered.

[0037] In the present invention, ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants in the "ecological belt" invade the "afforestation belt", the invading plants are cut off and controlled to prevent the invasive plants from affecting the growth of Chinese fir.

[0038] In the present invention, the cultivation of large-diameter timber by thinning includes: performing the first thinning after 6-8 years of planting the Chinese fir, preferably performing the first thinning after 7 years of planting; performing the second thinning when 80% of the Chinese fir trees have a breast diameter of ≥24 cm in the central production area with a site index of 16 or more, and cultivating large-diameter timber with the remaining Chinese fir. According to the present invention, the planting density of Chinese fir seedlings is about 222 plants / mu, 111 Chinese fir plants / mu are retained after the first thinning, and 55 Chinese fir plants / mu are retained after the second thinning, and large-diameter timber is cultivated.

[0039] In the present invention, it is preferred to carry out understory cultivation after the second thinning, and to plant crops under the forest. It is further preferred that the crops are selected from one or more of Juncao, Chinese herbal medicine, and edible fungi. As an implementation method, Juncao is selected from giant Juncao, King Bamboo Grass, etc., which are rich in protein and are used to cultivate edible fungi. Chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry can also be raised at the same time to further promote the growth of large-diameter fir.

[0040] In the present invention, the discarded branch residues are preferably used to cover the forest land during felling and stumping, the first thinning and the second thinning. In the process of cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir, about 8,000 kg / mu of branch residues are harvested before afforestation, about 4,000 kg / mu of branch residues are harvested during the first thinning, and about 6,000 kg / mu of branch residues are harvested during the second thinning. A total of about 18,000 kg / mu of branch residues are used to cover the forest land for three times, and 83% of them are converted into organic fertilizers, totaling 14,940 kg / mu, that is, each large-diameter Chinese fir tree obtains more than 200 kg of organic fertilizer, which effectively promotes the sustainable management of forest land.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber by "ecological afforestation" was carried out in the 2-2(1)-3(1) small group of the 35th forest group in Dongjiao Village, Yuankeng Town, Shunchang County, Fujian Province, with a total of 40 mu of afforestation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) Felling and Stump Removal: When felling Chinese fir plantations, fellers carry stump-removing agents with them. Immediately after felling, they spray the stump surface with a diluted solution of the stump-removing agent. Figure 1 As shown in A, the "stump killer" is a mixture of sulfometuron-methyl and glyphosate. The remaining branches after felling cover the forest land.

[0045] (2) Ecological weed control: After felling and killing the stumps, the Miscanthus fragrans and bamboos in the forest will grow again. In order to protect biodiversity, selective herbicides such as "Miscanthus fragrans" are used for weed control. Drones are used for ultra-low volume spraying, such as Figure 1 As shown in B, weeds such as Miscanthus quinquefolius, Imperata cylindrica, and bamboo shoots are eradicated by roots, and the selective herbicide "Immunotoxin" is a mixture of cypermethrin and sethoxydim.

[0046] (3) Design of forest belts: At the center of each slope of the forest, pull a plastic colored rope (pencil thick) from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain to form a vertical line as the "center rope"; three people take a pencil-thick plastic "row rope" (a marking knot is tied every 3 meters) and pull it horizontally from an appropriate position on the mountain to intersect with the "center rope" at 90 degrees. One person holds the intersection point at the "center rope" position, and the other two people pull it horizontally to the left and right directions and walk to the end. While walking, the center person directs the two people on the left and right to straighten and tighten it. The three people insert a "marker stick" at each 3m node (the "marker stick" is 1.5m long, one end is pointed and inserted into the ground, and the other end is tied with red plastic cloth as a mark). The stick must be straight and not tilted. The same method is used to insert marks in the mountain and at the bottom of the mountain for the excavator to mark when operating, completing the design and positioning of the vertical "afforestation belt" and vertical "ecological belt".

[0047] (3) Deep plowing and pier making: According to the design, the spacing between Chinese fir trees is 1m (spacing between trees on the hillside), the row spacing is 3m wide, the vertical "afforestation belt" is 1m wide, and the "ecological belt" is 2m wide. Figure 1 As shown in C. The excavator aligns the upper and lower vertical marks for deep plowing, forming a "forestation belt" with a full depth of 60cm and a width of 1m. Under the guidance of the vertical mark, the excavator walks about 3m from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, puts down the plug plate to fix the excavator, twists the digging head and inserts it into the soil at the bottom of the mountain, shrinks the hook head, and raises the soil full of the hook head to a certain height (above the ground) and throws it back to the original position, turning the original bottom soil to the table surface, and the table surface soil and weeds and grass seeds are turned into the bottom and buried deeply. After turning the soil 4-6 times continuously, when the table surface reaches about 2m, the plane of the "forestation belt" is leveled. The same continuous operation continues to the top of the mountain. Deep plowing from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain. After finishing one slope, do another slope. When the excavator is deep plowing, make a "forestation pile" at the same time. When the excavator is deep plowing the belt, the hook head is inserted into the soil 40cm at a distance of 1m, and the full hook soil is dug up and thrown down to form a horizontal long "forestation pile". The "afforestation pier" should be 20cm higher than the ground of the "ecological belt". There should be an internal ditch inside the pier, which can collect water during rain and block water during heavy rain. Excess rainwater will flow into the "ecological belt" and will not form surface runoff to cause soil erosion.

[0048] (3) Forest belt planting of fir: Deep digging and planting of high-quality fir seedlings at the center of the “afforestation mound”, such as Figure 1 As shown in D, the planting is not reversed. The upper and lower seedlings are aligned in a vertical line.

[0049] (4) Weed control in forest belts: One month after afforestation and before planting and breeding in the forest land, spread or spray "weed sealant" on the "afforestation belt", such as Figure 1 As shown in E, choose from Gol or Simazine. When spraying "miscellaneous irrigation sealant", try to avoid young fir.

[0050] (5) Forest farming: Grain, oil, melon and vegetable (such as sorghum, corn, sunflower, pumpkin, watermelon, soybean, etc.) can be planted between two trees in the "afforestation belt". Or, Juncao (high-nutrition forage grass containing protein) can be planted on the vertical center line of the "ecological belt" to feed chickens, ducks, geese, etc. for forest farming. Figure 1 As shown in F, or planting Chinese herbal medicine and edible fungi.

[0051] (6) Mound protection and fertilization: In early April of the second year of planting fir, the "afforestation mound" is protected by soil (pruning the afforestation mound), and fertilizer holes 10 cm deep, 15 cm wide, and 25 cm long are dug on the left and right sides of the young fir, 20 cm away from the young fir, and quick-acting fertilizers (such as high-nitrogen compound fertilizers) are spread and covered with soil. Figure 1 As shown in G.

[0052] (7) Ecological maintenance: One to two years after afforestation, when the plants in the “ecological belt” extend into the “afforestation belt” and hinder the growth of young Chinese fir trees, they should be cut. Figure 1 As shown in H.

[0053] (8) Thinning: The first thinning is carried out 7 years after afforestation. When 80% of the diameters at breast height of the Chinese fir trees in the central production area with a site index of 16 or above are ≥ 24 cm, the second thinning is carried out, and the remaining Chinese fir trees are cultivated into large-diameter timber. The branches and branches left over from each thinning are used to cover the forest land.

[0054] (9) Understory farming: After the second thinning, there is a huge space under the forest, which can be used for understory farming or planting Chinese herbal medicines or edible fungi. Among them, understory farming can include planting giant fungus grass and scientifically raising chickens, ducks, geese, etc.

[0055] According to investigation, there are 129 kinds of crops / Chinese herbal medicines, 9 kinds of Poaceae, 10 kinds of Asteraceae, 3 kinds of Lamiaceae, 3 kinds of Rosaceae, 4 kinds of Leguminosae, as well as plants from multiple families such as Hamamelidaceae and Campanulaceae growing in the fir plantation. The biodiversity is very rich, meeting the standards for large-diameter timber while taking into account the efficient and sustainable management of the forest.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber by "ecological afforestation", characterized in that: The transformation of degraded fir plantations or pure fir plantations includes the following steps: felling and killing of stumps → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep plowing and making mounds → planting fir in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → mound protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → cultivation of large-diameter timber by alternate felling; The forest land design includes: dividing the forest land into vertical "afforestation belts" and "ecological belts" distributed at intervals along the vertical direction of the mountain contour lines; the width of the "afforestation belts" is 0.8-1.2m, and Chinese fir is planted; the width of the "ecological belts" is 1.8-2.2m, and the original forest land ecological environment is preserved; The deep plowing and mound making includes: deep plowing and land preparation of the "afforestation belt" to construct an "afforestation mound" 18-25cm higher than the "ecological belt"; The fir planting in the forest belt includes: planting fir seedlings in the center of the "afforestation pile", with the spacing between the fir seedlings being 1-1.2m; The method of cultivating large-diameter timber by thinning the trees comprises: carrying out the first thinning after the Chinese fir trees are planted for 6-8 years; carrying out the second thinning when 80% of the Chinese fir trees have a breast diameter of ≥24 cm in the central production area with a site index of 16 or above, and cultivating the remaining Chinese fir trees into large-diameter timber.

2. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The felling and pile-killing method comprises: after felling, spraying a "pile-killing agent" on the pile surface, wherein the "pile-killing agent" is selected from one or more sulfonylurea herbicides.

3. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological weed control comprises: spraying a selective herbicide "grass-killing agent" on the entire forest, wherein the selective herbicide "grass-killing agent" is selected from one or more aromatic phenoxypropionic acid herbicides.

4. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When deep plowing and land preparation is performed, the depth of the plowing is 50-80 cm, and an inner ditch is set in the "afforestation mound".

5. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weed control in the forest belt comprises: applying "weed sealant" to the afforestation belt 20-40 days after the planting of Chinese fir, wherein the "weed sealant" is selected from Gol or Simazine.

6. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mound fertilization includes: in early April of the following year after the planting of the fir trees, the "afforestation mound" is protected by soil, and fertilizers are applied in holes next to the fir trees.

7. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants in the "ecological belt" invade the "afforestation belt", the invading plants are cut off and controlled.

8. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes forest farming after weed control in forest belts, planting grains, oils, fruits and vegetables between the fir trees in the "afforestation belts", and / or planting one or more of mushroom grass, Chinese herbal medicines and edible fungi in the "ecological belts".

9. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes carrying out under-forest farming after the second thinning, wherein crops are planted under the forest, and the crops are selected from one or more of mushroom grass, Chinese herbal medicine, and edible fungi.

10. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the felling and stumping, the first thinning and the second thinning, the discarded branch residues are used to cover the forest land.

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