Multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention proposes a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method, which belongs to the field of silk-based additive manufacturing. The device includes a first wire feeding guide mechanism and a second wire feeding guide mechanism that move synchronously; a laser emitting assembly that emits at least two laser beams; a guide axis of the first wire perpendicular to the platform surface; and a guide axis of the second wire inclined to the platform surface. Two groups of laser beams are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires and irradiated onto the platform to form two groups of light spots around the guide axes of the first wires, each group of light spots having overlapping portions within the group and falling on the end of the first wire, and each group of light spots having non-overlapping portions within the group and overlapping with the outer group and falling on the end of the second wire. The present invention ensures printing quality mainly through coaxial wire feeding, and selectively performs off-axis wire feeding according to the thickness of the printed part of the component. Coaxial double wire feeding is used to improve the forming quality in thin-walled areas, and off-axis single wire feeding is added in thick-walled areas to effectively improve the forming efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of silk-based additive manufacturing, and in particular to a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method. Background Art

[0002] Directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing of metal parts by accelerating production and minimizing material waste in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical. DED processes use powder or wire as the raw material. Various heat sources, including laser, electron beam, arc, and plasma, can be used for melting during the deposition process. Each type of DED process has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it more suitable for different applications. Among them, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) utilizes lasers as the heat source. Due to the high energy density of lasers, the heating area can be precisely controlled, making LEM suitable for the manufacture of refractory metals and complex, precise parts with high mechanical properties. To further enhance the advantages of LDE over traditional manufacturing processes, the efficiency of DED must be improved. This can be achieved by using wire as the raw material in the process, as wire offers advantages such as higher material utilization and lower material cost compared to powdered raw materials.

[0003] However, a major constraint of current laser wire feeding directed energy deposition is that, since the wire is fed directly into the bottom of the molten pool, if the wire diameter is too large, it is difficult for the wire to fully melt in a short time, affecting the deposition effect of the melt channel; if the wire diameter is too small, the amount of wire fed per unit time is too small; if the wire feeding speed is too fast, the wire will impact the bottom of the molten pool, thereby affecting the deposition morphology of the melt channel, and then affecting the mechanical properties of the deposited component through defects such as pores, cracks and unfused components; if the wire feeding speed is too slow, the deposition efficiency of additive manufacturing will be seriously reduced, and the advantage of efficient forming will be lost. The above problems limit the amount of wire fed per unit time of laser wire feeding additive manufacturing technology, greatly reducing the efficiency of additive manufacturing. Chinese patent CN114273768A proposes an electron beam multi-wire collaborative additive manufacturing device and method, which adopts a mechanical structure of three side-axis wire feeding, but side-axis wire feeding is prone to poor heat source-wire angle coupling problems, and there are also problems with printing directionality, so it is still impossible to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency and high-precision additive manufacturing. Chinese patent CN112584962A discloses a coaxial wire-feed multi-laser metal deposition device, which uses a coaxial system to feed the metal wire at an angle perpendicular to the work surface, and uses laser optical devices to split the laser beam into three equal lower-energy laser beams that surround the metal wire and irradiate the metal wire simultaneously, solving the problem of poor heat source-wire angle coupling and simplifying the coordination requirements, but its printing efficiency is still relatively low.

[0004] Based on the coaxial wire feeding system, researchers have come up with the idea of ​​setting up two or more metal wires for simultaneous feeding. Each wire is simultaneously irradiated and melted by the surrounding laser beam, which can significantly improve printing efficiency. However, another problem arises: if the distance between the two wire feed heads is large, two relatively independent molten pools will be formed, making it difficult to ensure the fusion of the two pools. If the distance between the wires is small, the design of the laser coaxial system will be more difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, which are used to solve the problem that when dual coaxial parallel wire feeding is used for printing, it is difficult to ensure the fusion effect of the two molten pools when the distance between the two metal wires is large, and when the distance between the two metal wires is small, it will increase the difficulty of designing the laser coaxial system.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: The present invention provides a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device, including a platform, a first wire feeding guide mechanism, a second wire feeding guide mechanism and a laser emission assembly; two first wire feeding guide mechanisms are arranged in parallel above the platform and move synchronously in a direction parallel to the platform surface, the first wire feeding guide mechanism is used to convey the first wire and define the guide axis of the first wire, and the guide axes of the two first wires are both perpendicular to the platform surface; the second wire feeding guide mechanism is arranged above the platform and moves synchronously with the first wire feeding guide mechanism, the second wire feeding guide mechanism is used to convey the second wire and define the guide axis of the second wire, and the guide axis of the second wire is inclined to the platform surface; the laser emission assembly is arranged above the platform and emits at least two laser beams, each laser beam is divided into two groups, the two groups of laser beams are respectively arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires and irradiated on the platform to form two groups of light spots around the guide axes of the first wires, each group of light spots has a portion that overlaps simultaneously within the group and falls on the end of the first wire, and each group of light spots has a portion that does not overlap within the group and overlaps with the outer group and falls on the end of the second wire.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the end of the second wire is located between the two first wire ends; the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second wire end along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism; or the ends of the two first wires are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism.

[0008] More preferably, the molten pool formed after the first wire and the second wire are fused under the irradiation of the light spot forms a printing track along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism after solidification, and the width of the printing track of the part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part before additive manufacturing; when the width of the printing track is required to be greater than the width of a single light spot and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots, the ends of the two first wires are arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire; when the width of the printing track is required to be greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots and less than the sum of the widths of four light spots, the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire.

[0009] More preferably, when the ends of the two first wires are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire, with the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires are located in front of the end of the second wire.

[0010] More preferably, the distance between the ends of the two first wires is not greater than the width of the end of the second wire.

[0011] More preferably, it also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism; the first wire and the second wire are irradiated by a number of light spots and form a molten pool on the platform; the shaping laser emitting mechanism is arranged above the platform and moves along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism, the shaping laser emitting mechanism emits a shaped light beam and shapes the molten pool, the shaping laser emitting mechanism irradiates the platform to form a shaping spot, and the shaping spot is located behind the end of the first wire along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism.

[0012] More preferably, the width of the shaping spot is not less than the width of the printing track.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the laser emission assembly includes an emitter, a beam splitter and a reflective galvanometer; the emitter emits a main light beam; the beam splitter divides the main light beam into several laser beams; several reflective galvanometers reflect each laser beam and divide each laser beam into two groups, the two groups of laser beams are respectively arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires, and each group of laser beams simultaneously intersects a common point on the guide axes of each first wire.

[0014] More preferably, the vertical distance between the common point where the two groups of laser beams intersect and the platform is the same.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an additive manufacturing method with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, which uses the above-mentioned additive manufacturing device with multi-laser and multi-axis feeding, including the following steps: step 1, before starting printing, determine whether the printing part is a thin-walled part or a thick-walled part according to the component to be formed, and determine the width requirement of the printing track according to the design requirements of the printing part; step 2, adjust the setting method of the ends of the first wire and the second wire according to the width requirement of the printing track; when the width requirement of the printing track is small, set the ends of the two first wires to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire; when the width requirement of the printing track is large, set the ends of the two first wires to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire; step 3, when printing the thin-walled part, the two first wire guide mechanisms simultaneously transport the two first wires into the molten pool; when printing the thick-walled part, the two first wire guide mechanisms and the second wire guide mechanism simultaneously transport the two first wires and the second wire into the molten pool.

[0016] The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] (1) The present invention adopts coaxial and side-axis coordinated wire feeding, and the printing quality is guaranteed by coaxial wire feeding as the main method. Side-axis wire feeding is selectively performed according to the thickness of the printed part of the component. Coaxial double wire feeding is used to improve the forming quality at thin walls, and side-axis single wire feeding is added at thick walls, that is, a multi-axis co-feeding technology with a total of three wires is used, which effectively improves the forming efficiency. By multi-axis wire feeding and light wire posture and direction control, a flat, continuous, pore-free, and crack-free sample can be obtained. At the same time, by changing the raw material of the wire, the alloy composition of the sample can be flexibly adjusted to obtain a macro-microstructure with a gradient organization. In summary, the device and method can provide a novel solution for efficient laser additive manufacturing, and can also promote the further development of laser wire feeding additive manufacturing technology with potential application value in space manufacturing.

[0018] (2) The present invention suppresses the problems of irregular molten pool morphology and small aspect ratio caused by excessive heat input, which are prone to cause defects, by using a pulsed shaping laser following behind in the moving direction, thereby effectively improving the forming quality and ultimately achieving efficient and high-quality deposition of metal wire. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a light spot of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light spot of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the light spot of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser emission assembly of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Platform; 2. First wire feeding guide mechanism; 21. First wire; 3. Second wire feeding guide mechanism; 31. Second wire; 4. Laser emitting assembly; 41. Laser beam; 42. Emitter; 43. Beam splitter; 44. Reflecting galvanometer; 401. Light spot; 5. Shaping laser emitting mechanism; 51. Shaping light beam; 501. Shaping spot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, combined Figure 2 and Figure 5 The present invention provides a multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device, comprising a platform 1, a first wire feeding guide mechanism 2, a second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 and a laser emitting assembly 4.

[0028] The platform 1 is a horizontal substrate for molding components.

[0029] The two first wire feeding guide mechanisms 2 are arranged in parallel above the platform 1 and move synchronously in a direction parallel to the surface of the platform 1. The first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is used to convey the first wire 21 and define the guide axis of the first wire 21. The guide axes of the two first wires 21 are perpendicular to the surface of the platform 1. Therefore, the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is coaxial wire feeding.

[0030] A second wire guide mechanism 3 is disposed above the platform 1 and moves synchronously with the first wire guide mechanism 2. The second wire guide mechanism 3 is used to convey a second wire 31 and define a guide axis for the second wire 31. The guide axis of the second wire 31 is inclined relative to the surface of the platform 1, thus providing a sideways wire feed. The wire guide mechanism can utilize the high-efficiency wire feeding device for laser soldering disclosed in Chinese Patent CN114473266A to achieve rapid wire conveyance. The wire guide axis can be adjusted and positioned by adjusting the installation angle of the wire guide mechanism.

[0031] The laser emitting assembly 4 is disposed above the platform 1 and emits at least two laser beams 41, typically an even number of laser beams 41. Each laser beam 41 is divided into two groups. The two groups of laser beams 41 are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires 21 and illuminate the platform 1 to form two groups of light spots 401 around the guide axes of the first wires 21. Each group of light spots 401 has overlapping portions within the group and falls on the end of the first wire 21. Each group of light spots 401 has non-overlapping portions within the group that overlap with the outer group and fall on the end of the second wire 31.

[0032] The design idea of ​​the present invention is to start from the scenario that "the thickness of different parts of the printed component requires different wire feeding amounts". Considering that if the wire feeding amount per unit time is adjusted by controlling the speed of the wire feeding, it will cause the wire to impact the bottom of the molten pool and affect the deposition morphology of the melt channel. Adjusting the wire feeding amount by controlling the wire diameter is not only difficult to control but also difficult to ensure the melting effect of the wire. Therefore, the inventor thought of combining coaxial wire feeding with side-axis wire feeding for coordinated wire feeding. On the basis of using coaxial wire feeding to ensure the molding quality, side-axis wire feeding is selected according to the wall thickness of the printing part to increase the wire feeding amount during printing.

[0033] However, in the process of combining conventional coaxial wire feeding equipment with side-axis wire feeding equipment, the inventors found that if the side-axis wire feeding still needs to be melted by an independent laser, not only will there still be problems with poor heat source-wire angle coupling and printing directionality, but the design of the equipment structure and component layout is extremely difficult, making it difficult to ensure that the independent laser can accurately irradiate the side-axis wire and fully fuse the molten pool of the side-axis wire with the molten pool of the coaxial wire. Based on the above problems, the inventors thought of setting two or more coaxial wires in parallel to feed wires simultaneously to increase the wire feeding amount per unit time without having to adjust the wire feeding speed or wire diameter.

[0034] However, this brings two problems: first, the number of coaxial wires increases, and the laser optical path design required to simultaneously melt multiple coaxial wires while ensuring good angular coupling between the heat source and the wire is relatively complex; second, since there is actually a small gap between the two molten pools formed in parallel by the two first wires 21, the edges of each molten pool are lower in temperature and condense faster than the center of the molten pool, which in turn causes the two molten pools to be unable to fully fuse.

[0035] Regarding the first question, there are currently related patents that use multiple laser beams to surround and melt coaxial wires simultaneously. This can also be achieved by adjusting the direction of the laser galvanometer, so that the multiple laser beams are divided into two groups and irradiated around two coaxial wires respectively. However, since this application does not involve the relevant content of the laser optical path, the specific components and mechanical structure of the laser emitting assembly 4 are not described in detail here.

[0036] As for the second question, the inventors have come up with the idea of ​​using paraxial wire feeding as a supplement to coaxial wire feeding. In this case, the diameter of the paraxial wire can be thinner than that of the coaxial wire, and thus the laser power required to melt the paraxial wire is also correspondingly lower. Therefore, multiple laser beams can be designed to surround the coaxial wire and simultaneously heat and melt it. During this process, the center of the spot of the multiple laser beams in each group and the overlapping edge of each laser have extremely high energy, which can effectively melt the thicker coaxial wire in a short time. The edge of the spot formed by any laser beam in the same group will also have a portion that does not overlap with other laser spots, and its spot edge has lower energy. Therefore, by making the two adjacent laser spots in the two groups overlap at the edge, it is sufficient to effectively melt the thinner paraxial wire in a short time. This not only has excellent printing effects, but also eliminates the need to set up a separate laser to melt the paraxial wire. At the same time, since the coaxial wire is melted simultaneously by multiple laser beams, a single laser beam can use a lower power, and when the spots of multiple laser beams overlap, it can also provide sufficient energy to melt the coaxial wire.

[0037] like Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, the end of the second wire 31 is located between the ends of the two first wires 21, so that the molten pool formed by the second wire 31 is transitionally fused between the molten pools formed by the two first wires; however, when designing the printing path for different components, the molten pools formed have different widths according to the design requirements of their printing parts. A molten pool with a large width has a larger molding area after solidification, which helps to improve printing efficiency, but the corresponding molding quality is poor or the thickness of the molding part is thinner; on the contrary, a molten pool with a small width has a smaller molding area after solidification, and the thickness of its molding part is thicker and the quality is improved because the molten pool is more concentrated. Therefore, according to different printing requirements, such as Figure 2As shown, the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31 along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism 2. This method is suitable for a printing area with a small width; or as shown in FIG. Figure 3 or Figure 4 As shown, the ends of the two first wires 21 are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire 31 along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism 2. This approach is suitable for a wide printing area.

[0038] like Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown in FIG, during the printing process, the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 are irradiated by the light spot 401 and fused to form a molten pool, which forms a printing track 101 along the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism 2 after solidification. Before additive manufacturing, the width of the printing track 101 of the printing part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part, and the reason is as described above; therefore, when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is greater than the width of a single light spot 401 and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots 401, the ends of the two first wires 21 are arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire 31; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots 401 and less than the sum of the widths of the four light spots 401, the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31. In summary, since the molten pool will gradually flow and diffuse outward during the solidification process, the width of the printing track 101 formed after the molten pool finally solidifies will be greater than the sum of the initial widths of the three molten pools of the two first wires 21 and the second wire 31, but its width during solidification should still be smaller than the width of the overall illumination area composed of the light spots 401.

[0039] like Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment shown, when the ends of the two first wires 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire 31, with the moving direction of the first wire guide mechanism 2 as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires 21 are located in front of the end of the second wire 31. In this case, the layout of each molten pool is more concentrated, and the width of the overall molten pool formed by their fusion is narrower than the width of the molten pool formed when the two first wires 21 and the second wire 31 are located in the same straight line.

[0040] like Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment shown, the distance between the ends of the two first wires 21 is no greater than the width of the end of the second wire 31 , so that the layout of each molten pool is more concentrated, which helps to improve the fusion degree of each molten pool.

[0041] like Figure 1A preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that when the coaxial wire feeding and the side-axis wire feeding are printed in coordination, the molten pool formed by the side-axis wire is essentially added to the molten pool formed by the coaxial wire and the two molten pools are fused. However, not only does it change the original state of the molten pool, causing the width and thickness of the molten pool to increase, but after the molten pool cools and solidifies, it will also form obvious defects such as ridges. Therefore, it is necessary to perform laser shaping on the printed area, specifically, it also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism 5.

[0042] The first wire 21 and the second wire 31 are irradiated by a plurality of light spots 401 and form a molten pool on the platform 1 .

[0043] The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 is a laser. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 is arranged above the platform 1 and moves along the movement direction of the first wire feed guide mechanism 2. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 emits a shaping light beam 51 and shapes the molten pool. The shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 irradiates the platform 1 to form a shaping spot 501. The shaping spot 501 is located behind the end of the first wire 21 along the movement direction of the first wire feed guide mechanism 2. The shaping spot 501 follows the light spot 401 to shape the molten pool. Its function is to "thin" the molten pool as much as possible and increase its aspect ratio to achieve the purpose of shaping. Generally speaking, the width of the shaping spot 501 along the movement direction of the first wire feed guide mechanism 2 is not less than the width of the molten pool, so that the irradiation range of the shaping spot 501 can cover the entire molten pool and the state of the molten pool after "thinning", so as to ensure the effect of laser shaping.

[0044] In addition, the power of the shaped beam 51 is less than that of the laser beam 41. Specifically, depending on the material, the type of laser beam 41 emitted by the laser emitting assembly 4 can be a blue laser, a green laser, or an infrared laser, with a power range of 500W-5000W. The shaped laser emitting mechanism 5 can use a pulsed laser to emit the shaped beam 51. The type of shaped beam 51 can also be a blue laser, a green laser, or an infrared laser, with a power range of 300W-600W. In addition, the wire diameter of the first wire 21 is greater than the wire diameter of the second wire 31. Specifically, the first wire 21 for coaxial wire feeding can be made of the same or different metal materials suitable for laser additive manufacturing, such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, stainless steel, and copper alloys, with a wire diameter range of 1-2.5mm. The second wire 31 for side-axis wire feeding can also be made of metal materials suitable for laser additive manufacturing, such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, stainless steel, and copper alloys, with a wire diameter range of 0.6-1.2mm. At the same time, the wire diameter of the second wire 31 is smaller than the spot diameter of the light spot 401, so that the second wire 31 can be fully irradiated by the single laser beam 41 and receive sufficient energy to melt in a short time. At the same time, the distance between the ends of the second wire 31 and the first wire 21 needs to be very narrow, so that the ends of the two wires are as close as possible to ensure that the second wire 31 is fully melted.

[0045] It should also be noted that the wire feeding speed of the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 is lower than the wire feeding speed of the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2. Specifically, according to the selected power, the moving speed and wire feeding speed of the matched coaxial wire feeding are 4-6mm / s and 8-12mm / s respectively; the moving speed and wire feeding speed of the side-axis wire feeding are 4-6mm / s and 7-10mm / s respectively.

[0046] like Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment shown, the laser emitting assembly 4 includes a transmitter 42 , a beam splitter 43 and a reflective galvanometer 44 .

[0047] The emitter 42 emits a main light beam and can be a pulsed laser.

[0048] The beam splitter 43 splits the main beam into several laser beams 41. The beam splitter 43 can be a standard device for laser beam splitting.

[0049] By adjusting the angle of the reflective galvanometer mirrors 44 , the reflective galvanometer mirrors 44 reflect the laser beams 41 , and the laser beams 41 are divided into two groups. The two groups of laser beams 41 are arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires 21 respectively, and each group of laser beams 41 simultaneously intersects a common point on the guide axis of each first wire 21 .

[0050] like Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment shown, the common point where the two groups of laser beams 41 intersect is at the same vertical distance from the platform 1 , so that the molten pools formed by the two first wires 21 can be located at the same horizontal height.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, combined Figure 2 and Figure 5 A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing method of the present invention adopts the multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device of any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Before printing begins, determine whether the desired printing area will be a thin-walled or thick-walled area based on the desired component. This determines the wire feeding method and laser beam 41 path for each thickness. Furthermore, the appropriate wire composition and ratio, wire type, and diameter are determined based on the gradient or heterogeneous structure requirements of the metal component. Furthermore, the required width of the printing path 101 must be determined based on the design requirements of the printing area.

[0053] Step 2: Adjust the arrangement of the ends of the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 according to the width requirement of the printing track 101; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is small, set the ends of the two first wires 21 to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire 31; when the width requirement of the printing track 101 is large, set the ends of the two first wires 21 to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire 31.

[0054] Step three, when printing thin-walled parts, since the required unit wire feeding amount is small, only the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 is required to feed the first wire 21 into the molten pool, and there is no need to feed the second wire 31 into the molten pool through the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3. When printing thick-walled parts, since the required unit wire feeding amount increases, the first wire feeding guide mechanism 2 and the second wire feeding guide mechanism 3 simultaneously feed the first wire 21 and the second wire 31 into the molten pool. During the printing process, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the processing efficiency and forming quality, adjust the printing process parameters of the laser wire feeding additive manufacturing, and use the shaping laser emitting mechanism 5 to adjust the molten pool morphology for shaping. The laser beam 41 performs laser additive manufacturing of the coaxial and side-axis system wire feeding according to the set path until the preparation of the expected metal material component is completed.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device, characterized by: It comprises a platform (1), a first wire feeding guide mechanism (2), a second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) and a laser emitting assembly (4); The two first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) are arranged in parallel above the platform (1) and move synchronously in a direction parallel to the surface of the platform (1); the first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) are used to convey the first wire (21) and define a guide axis of the first wire (21); the guide axes of the two first wires (21) are both perpendicular to the surface of the platform (1); The second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) is arranged above the platform (1) and moves synchronously with the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2), the second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) is used to convey the second wire (31) and define a guide axis of the second wire (31), and the guide axis of the second wire (31) is inclined to the surface of the platform (1); The laser emitting assembly (4) is arranged above the platform (1) and emits at least two laser beams (41), each of the laser beams (41) is divided into two groups, the two groups of laser beams (41) are respectively arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires (21) and irradiated on the platform (1) to form two groups of light spots (401) around the guide axes of the first wires (21), each group of light spots (401) has a portion that overlaps simultaneously within the group and falls on the end of the first wire (21), and each group of light spots (401) has a portion that does not overlap within the group and overlaps with the outer group and falls on the end of the second wire (31).

2. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the second wire (31) is located between the ends of the two first wires (21); The ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2); or the ends of the two first wires (21) are respectively arranged in front and behind the end of the second wire (31) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2).

3. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first wire (21) and the second wire (31) are irradiated by the light spot (401) and fused to form a molten pool, which forms a printing track (101) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2) after solidification. Before additive manufacturing, the width of the printing track (101) of the printing part is determined according to the design requirements of the printing part. When the width of the printing track (101) is required to be greater than the width of a single light spot (401) and less than the sum of the widths of two light spots (401), the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged in front of and behind the end of the second wire (31); When the width of the printing track (101) is required to be greater than the sum of the widths of the two light spots (401) and less than the sum of the widths of the four light spots (401), the ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31).

4. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the ends of the two first wires (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the end of the second wire (31), with the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2) as the positive direction, the ends of the two first wires (21) are located in front of the end of the second wire (31).

5. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the ends of the two first wires (21) is no greater than the width of the end of the second wire (31).

6. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a shaping laser emitting mechanism (5); The first wire (21) and the second wire (31) are irradiated by a plurality of light spots (401) and form a molten pool on the platform (1); The shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) is arranged above the platform (1) and moves along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2). The shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) emits a shaping light beam (51) and shapes the molten pool. The shaping laser emitting mechanism (5) irradiates the platform (1) to form a shaping spot (501). The shaping spot (501) is located behind the end of the first wire (21) along the moving direction of the first wire feeding guide mechanism (2).

7. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the shaping spot (501) is not less than the width of the printing track (101).

8. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser emitting assembly (4) includes an emitter (42), a beam splitter (43) and a reflective galvanometer (44); The emitter (42) emits a main light beam; The beam splitter (43) splits the main beam into a plurality of laser beams (41); The plurality of reflective galvanometers (44) reflect the laser beams (41) and divide the laser beams (41) into two groups. The two groups of laser beams (41) are respectively arranged around the guide axes of the two first wires (21). The laser beams (41) of each group simultaneously intersect a common point on the guide axis of each first wire (21).

9. The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The common point where the two groups of laser beams (41) intersect is at the same vertical distance from the platform (1).

10. A multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing method, characterized by: The multi-laser multi-axis feeding additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: Step 1: before starting printing, determine whether the printing area is a thin-walled area or a thick-walled area according to the component to be formed, and determine the width requirement of the printing track (101) according to the design requirements of the printing area; Step 2: adjusting the arrangement of the ends of the first wire (21) and the second wire (31) according to the width requirement of the printing track (101); when the width requirement of the printing track (101) is small, the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged to be located in front and behind the end of the second wire (31); when the width requirement of the printing track (101) is large, the ends of the two first wires (21) are arranged to be symmetrically located on both sides of the end of the second wire (31); Step three, when printing on a thin-walled portion, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) simultaneously transport the two first wire materials (21) into the molten pool; when printing on a thick-walled portion, the two first wire feeding guide mechanisms (2) and the second wire feeding guide mechanism (3) simultaneously transport the two first wire materials (21) and the second wire material (31) into the molten pool.

Images