Blasting device and construction method thereof
By using a blasting device with iodophor and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution during the tunnel excavation process, the solution is used to enhance the blasting and dust reduction effects, the high explosive consumption and dust problems are solved, and the construction environment is improved and the cost is achieved reduce.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411407923.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-10
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
AI Technical Summary
During the excavation of the tunnel, more explosives are consumed during blasting, resulting in high costs and a large amount of dust, which is difficult to ventilate, resulting in deterioration of the construction environment, prolonging the cycle time of the process, slowing down the progress, and increasing the cost.
A blasting device is adopted, including the first and second blasting components, respectively arranged in the blasting holes on the target blasting surface, and the blasting effect is enhanced by using a first solution (such as iodophor solution) and a second solution (such as dodecyl group) Sodium benzenesulfonate solution) enhances the dust sticking effect, and reduces explosive consumption and dust generation through shock wave and water atomization technology.
On the basis of not reducing the blasting effect, reduce explosive consumption, improve the construction environment, shorten the process circulation time, speed up the construction progress, reduce costs, and improve air quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN119178359A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of blasting, and in particular to a blasting device and a construction method thereof. Background Art
[0002] During the tunnel excavation process, explosives are needed for blasting, but a large amount of explosives is consumed during blasting, resulting in high blasting costs. At the same time, blasting will produce a lot of dust, and as the excavation depth increases, ventilation operations become more and more difficult, ultimately leading to an extremely poor tunnel construction environment, resulting in longer process cycle time, slower progress, and increased costs. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.
[0004] To this end, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a blasting device and a construction method thereof.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a blasting device, comprising: a plurality of first blasting components, the first blasting components comprising: a plurality of first explosive rolls and a plurality of first water rolls, the plurality of first explosive rolls and the plurality of first water rolls are respectively arranged in first blasting holes of a target blasting surface, and a first solution is arranged in the first water roll, and the first solution is used to enhance the blasting effect; a plurality of second blasting components, the second blasting components comprising: a plurality of second explosive rolls and a plurality of second water rolls, the plurality of second explosive rolls and the plurality of second water rolls are respectively arranged in second blasting holes of the target blasting surface, and a second solution is arranged in the second water roll, and the second solution is used to enhance the dust sticking effect; wherein, the plurality of second blasting components are arranged around the plurality of first blasting components.
[0006] Optionally, the first solution is an iodine solution.
[0007] Optionally, the concentration of the iodine tincture solution is 0.04%, and the ethanol content in the iodine tincture solution ranges from 60.0% to 70.0%.
[0008] Optionally, a plurality of the first explosive rolls are continuously arranged in the first blasting hole to form a continuous blasting source, and a plurality of the first water rolls are respectively arranged at both ends of the continuous blasting source.
[0009] Optionally, the second solution is a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.
[0010] Optionally, the concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution is 0.6%.
[0011] Optionally, a plurality of the second explosive rolls are arranged at intervals in the first blasting hole to form a dispersed blasting source, and a plurality of the second water rolls are respectively arranged at both ends of the dispersed blasting source and in a gap of the dispersed blasting source.
[0012] Optionally, the first blasting assembly further includes: a first blocking body, which is disposed at the opening of the first blasting hole; and / or the second blasting assembly further includes: a second blocking body, which is disposed at the opening of the second blasting hole.
[0013] The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a construction method of a blasting device as provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure, comprising: drilling a plurality of first blasting holes on a target blasting surface, and drilling a plurality of second blasting holes around the plurality of first blasting holes; installing a plurality of first blasting assemblies in the plurality of first blasting holes, respectively, and installing a plurality of second blasting assemblies in the plurality of second blasting holes, respectively; sequentially detonating a plurality of first explosive rolls of the first blasting assemblies and a plurality of second explosive rolls of the second blasting assemblies in directions around the center of the target blasting surface; ventilating the target blasting surface according to the air quality of the target blasting surface, and cleaning the slag on the target blasting surface.
[0014] Optionally, the target blasting face is a tunnel face, and the construction method further includes: dividing the plurality of first blasting holes into groove holes and auxiliary holes in sequence along the center of the tunnel face toward the surrounding directions, and dividing the first blasting holes at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and dividing the second blasting holes into peripheral holes; and sequentially detonating the first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the groove hole, the first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the auxiliary hole, the second explosive roll of the second blasting assembly in the peripheral hole, and the first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the bottom hole.
[0015] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects:
[0016] By utilizing the blasting enhancement effect of the first solution, the consumption of explosives can be reduced without reducing the blasting effect, and by utilizing the dust adhesion enhancement effect of the second solution, the adhesion of water mist to dust can be increased. Therefore, by utilizing the combination of multiple first medicine rolls and multiple first water rolls, and the combination of multiple second medicine rolls and multiple second water rolls, the construction environment of the target blasting surface can be effectively improved, and the blasting cost of the target blasting surface can be reduced, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating the construction progress, and reducing the construction cost.
[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description or learned through practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a first blasting assembly in a blasting device proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second blasting assembly in a blasting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a target blasting surface in a blasting device proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of a construction method of a blasting device proposed in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] As shown in the figure: 1, the first blasting assembly, 11, the first explosive roll, 12, the first water roll, 13, the first plugging body;
[0024] 2. a second blasting assembly, 21. a second explosive roll, 22. a second water roll, 23. a second plugging body;
[0025] 3. Target blasting surface, 31. First blasting hole, 32. Second blasting hole, 33. First operating area, 34. Second operating area, 35. Third operating area, 36. Fourth operating area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present disclosure include all changes, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.
[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a blasting device, including: a plurality of first blasting components 1 and a plurality of second blasting components 2, the first blasting components 1 include: a plurality of first drug rolls 11 and a plurality of first water rolls 12, the plurality of first drug rolls 11 and the plurality of first water rolls 12 are respectively arranged in the first blasting holes 31 of the target blasting surface 3, and the first water rolls 12 are provided with a first solution, the first solution is used to enhance the blasting effect, the second blasting components 2 include: a plurality of second drug rolls 21 and a plurality of second water rolls 22, the plurality of second drug rolls 21 and the plurality of second water rolls 22 are respectively arranged in the second blasting holes 32 of the target blasting surface 3, and the second water rolls 22 are provided with a second solution, the second solution is used to enhance the dust sticking effect. Among them, the plurality of second blasting components 2 are arranged around the plurality of first blasting components 1.
[0028] It can be understood that since the multiple first drug rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12 are respectively arranged in the first blasting holes 31 of the target blasting surface 3, and the multiple second drug rolls 21 and the multiple second water rolls 22 are respectively arranged in the second blasting holes 32 of the target blasting surface 3, the first drug rolls 11 and the second drug rolls 21 can respectively utilize the incompressibility of water by shock waves during blasting, so that the explosion energy passes through the first solution and the second solution without loss and is transmitted to the surrounding rock cracks of the target blasting surface 3. This stress wave without energy loss is very beneficial to the crushing of rocks. At the same time, the first solution and the second solution of the blasting impact are atomized on the target blasting surface 3, and the generated water film wraps the rock, thereby preventing the generation of blasting dust at the source, thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction.
[0029] By utilizing the blasting enhancement effect of the first solution, the consumption of explosives can be reduced without reducing the blasting effect, and by utilizing the dust adhesion enhancement effect of the second solution, the adhesion of water mist to dust can be increased. Therefore, by utilizing the coordination of multiple first medicine rolls 11 and multiple first water rolls 12, and the coordination of multiple second medicine rolls 21 and multiple second water rolls 22, the construction environment of the target blasting surface 3 can be effectively improved, and the blasting cost of the target blasting surface 3 can be reduced, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating the construction progress, and reducing the construction cost.
[0030] It should be noted that during the blasting process, the gas squeezes the solution in the blasting hole. Since the solution is a stable medium, the gas expands and causes the solution to form a secondary attack in the blasting hole, further crushing the rock and improving the rock crushing effect. At the same time, the water volume is squeezed and atomized by the explosive gas in the blasting hole and then penetrates into the rock cracks, wrapping the rock surface to absorb the blasting smoke. The blasting device of this embodiment is simple to construct, has low safety risks, high construction efficiency, low cost, wide application range, and good effect. It can be applied to cavern blasting excavation construction in underground engineering.
[0031] The first blasting assembly 1 is used to be installed in a first blasting hole 31 of a target blasting surface 3 to achieve a main blasting task of the target blasting surface 3 .
[0032] The first medicine roll 11 is used to realize blasting using explosives, and the specific type of the first medicine roll 11 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this.
[0033] The first water roll 12 is used to store the first solution and release the first solution under the shock wave of the explosion of the first medicine roll 11. The specific type of the first water roll 12 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. The first water roll 12 can be a cylindrical bag structure, and the first solution is filled in the first water roll 12. The more the first solution is filled and the greater the filling pressure, the fuller the first water roll 12 is, which is conducive to being inserted into the circular first blasting hole 31, and the installation is more convenient.
[0034] The first solution is used to enhance the blasting effect by utilizing vaporization under a high pressure environment. The specific type of the first solution can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.
[0035] The second blasting assembly 2 is used to be installed in the second blasting hole 32 of the target blasting surface 3 to achieve blasting contour line control of the target blasting surface 3, thereby playing a role in forming a blasting smooth surface.
[0036] The second cartridge 21 is used for blasting with explosives, and the specific type of the second cartridge 21 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this.
[0037] The second water roll 22 is used to store the second solution and release the second solution under the shock wave of the explosion of the second medicine roll 21. The specific type of the second water roll 22 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. The second water roll 22 can be a cylindrical bag structure, and the second solution is filled in the second water roll 22. The more the second solution is filled and the greater the filling pressure, the fuller the second water roll 22 is, which is conducive to being inserted into the circular second blasting hole 32, and the installation is more convenient.
[0038] The second solution is used to enhance the blasting effect by utilizing vaporization under high pressure. The specific type of the second solution can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.
[0039] In some embodiments, the first solution is an iodine solution.
[0040] It can be understood that since the multiple first explosive rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12 are respectively arranged in the first blasting holes 31 of the target blasting surface 3, the first explosive roll 11 can utilize the incompressibility of water by the shock wave when blasting, so that the explosion energy can pass through the first solution without loss and be transmitted to the surrounding rock cracks of the target blasting surface 3. This stress wave without energy loss is very beneficial to the crushing of rocks. At the same time, the first solution of the blasting impact is atomized on the target blasting surface 3, and the generated water film wraps the rock, thereby preventing the generation of blasting dust at the source, thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction.
[0041] Among them, the low boiling point characteristics of trace ethanol in the first solution are utilized to vaporize under the blasting high-pressure environment. When the vapor pressure reaches the set value, the vapor is released to trigger the explosion, thereby achieving the blasting enhancement effect, and then reducing the consumption of explosives without reducing the blasting effect. At the same time, the oxide in the first solution can also play an effective disinfection role.
[0042] It should be noted that iodine tincture is an amorphous combination of elemental iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Povidone). The specific concentration of the iodine tincture solution can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.
[0043] In some embodiments, the concentration of the iodine solution is 0.04%, and the ethanol content in the iodine solution ranges from 60.0% to 70.0%.
[0044] It is understandable that the iodine solution with a concentration of 0.04% and an ethanol content of 60.0%-70.0% can effectively enhance the blasting effect of the first explosive roll 11 in the first blasting hole 31, thereby reducing the consumption of explosives and reducing the blasting cost without reducing the blasting effect.
[0045] It should be noted that the concentration is 0.04%, for example, 50 kg of water is dissolved in 20 ml of iodine reagent.
[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of first explosive rolls 11 are continuously disposed in the first blasting hole 31 to form a continuous blasting source, and a plurality of first water rolls 12 are respectively disposed at both ends of the continuous blasting source.
[0047] It can be understood that since the multiple first explosive rolls 11 are continuously arranged in the first blasting hole 31 and form a continuous blasting source, the multiple first explosive rolls 11 can achieve concentrated blasting, so that the first blasting assembly 1 can stably play the role of main blasting. At the same time, since the multiple first water rolls 12 are respectively arranged at both ends of the continuous blasting source, the first solution in the multiple first water rolls 12 can be used to achieve blasting enhancement, dust reduction and other purposes when the continuous blasting source is blasted.
[0048] It should be noted that the specific arrangement of the multiple first medicine rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, a first water roll 12 is arranged at the bottom of the first blasting hole 31, 2-4 first water rolls 12 are arranged at the mouth of the first blasting hole 31, and multiple first medicine rolls 11 are continuously arranged between one first water roll 12 and 2-4 first water rolls 12.
[0049] In some embodiments, the second solution is a sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution.
[0050] It can be understood that since the multiple second drug rolls 21 and the multiple second water rolls 22 are respectively arranged in the second blasting holes 32 of the target blasting surface 3, the second drug rolls 21 can utilize the incompressibility of water by the shock wave during blasting, so that the explosion energy can pass through the second solution without loss and be transmitted to the surrounding rock cracks of the target blasting surface 3. This stress wave without energy loss is very beneficial to the crushing of rocks. At the same time, the second solution of the blasting impact is atomized on the target blasting surface 3, and the generated water film wraps the rock, thereby preventing the generation of blasting dust at the source, thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction.
[0051] By utilizing the anions of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution, an adhesion enhancement effect can be achieved, thereby effectively improving the construction environment of the target blasting surface 3, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating the construction progress, and reducing the construction cost.
[0052] It should be noted that sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution is a commonly used anionic surfactant. In terms of dust removal, its working principle is mainly based on the following aspects.
[0053] Reducing surface tension: Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate can reduce the surface tension of water, making it easier for water to wet and penetrate into dust particles, thereby helping to remove dust attached to the surface; Emulsification: As a surfactant, SDBS can promote the mixing of oil and water to form a stable emulsion. During the dust removal process, it can emulsify oily dirt and make it easier to wash off; Dispersion: SDBS helps to disperse dust particles that have aggregated into clumps into individual particles, which can be carried away by water flow to avoid redeposition of dust; Foaming: Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate easily forms foam in aqueous solution, which can adsorb and carry dust particles, helping the cleaning process; Wetting: SDBS can also increase the softness and smoothness of fibers, reduce the generation of static electricity, and make it difficult for dust to gather on the surface.
[0054] The specific concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.
[0055] In some embodiments, the concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution is 0.6%.
[0056] It can be understood that a 0.6% concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution can effectively enhance the adhesion effect of water mist, thereby effectively improving the construction environment of the target blasting surface 3, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating the construction progress, and reducing the construction cost.
[0057] It should be noted that the concentration is 0.6%. For example, 50 kg of water is dissolved in 0.3 kg of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate reagent.
[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of second explosive rolls 21 are arranged at intervals in the first blasting hole 31 to form a dispersed blasting source, and a plurality of second water rolls 22 are respectively arranged at both ends of the dispersed blasting source and in the gap of the dispersed blasting source.
[0059] It can be understood that since the multiple second medicine rolls 21 are arranged at intervals in the first blasting hole 31 to form a dispersed blasting source, the multiple medicine rolls can achieve dispersed blasting, so that the second blasting assembly 2 can stably play a role in auxiliary blasting. At the same time, since the multiple second water rolls 22 are respectively arranged at both ends of the dispersed blasting source and in the gap of the dispersed blasting source, the second solution in the multiple second water rolls 22 can be used to achieve adhesion enhancement, dust reduction and other purposes when the dispersed blasting source is blasted.
[0060] It should be noted that the specific arrangement of the multiple second medicine rolls 21 and the multiple second water rolls 22 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, a second water roll 22 is arranged at the bottom of the second blasting hole 32, 2-4 second water rolls 22 are arranged at the mouth of the second blasting hole 32, and multiple second medicine rolls 21 and multiple second medicine rolls 21 are arranged between one second water roll 22 and 2-4 second water rolls 22. To prevent over-excavation, the amount of explosives in the second blasting hole 32 is relatively small, and generally the second medicine roll 21 is controlled within 4 sections.
[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the first blasting assembly 1 further includes: a first blocking body 13 , and the first blocking body 13 is arranged at the opening of the first blasting hole 31 .
[0062] It can be understood that since the first blocking body 13 is arranged at the opening of the first blasting hole 31, multiple first drug rolls 11 and multiple first water rolls 12 can be blocked in the first blasting hole 31 by the first blocking body 13, thereby ensuring stable blasting of the first drug rolls 11 and the first water rolls 12 in the first blasting hole 31.
[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the second blasting assembly 2 further includes: a second blocking body 23 , and the second blocking body 23 is arranged at the opening of the second blasting hole 32 .
[0064] It can be understood that since the second sealing body 23 is arranged at the opening of the second blasting hole 32, multiple second drug rolls 21 and multiple second water rolls 22 can be blocked in the second blasting hole 32 by the second sealing body 23, thereby ensuring stable blasting of the second drug rolls 21 and the second water rolls 22 in the second blasting hole 32.
[0065] It should be noted that the first sealing body 13 is used to seal the first blasting hole 31, and the second sealing body 23 is used to seal the second blasting hole 32. The specific types of the first sealing body 13 and the second sealing body 23 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited to this.
[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a construction method of the blasting device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising:
[0067] S1: drilling a plurality of first blasting holes 31 on the target blasting surface 3, and drilling a plurality of second blasting holes 32 around the plurality of first blasting holes 31;
[0068] S2: installing a plurality of first blasting assemblies 1 in the plurality of first blasting holes 31 respectively, and installing a plurality of second blasting assemblies 2 in the plurality of second blasting holes 32 respectively;
[0069] S3: sequentially detonating the first explosive rolls 11 of the plurality of first blasting assemblies 1 and the second explosive rolls 21 of the plurality of second blasting assemblies 2 along the center of the target blasting surface 3 in the surrounding directions;
[0070] S4: Ventilate the target blasting surface 3 according to the air quality of the target blasting surface 3, and clean the slag on the target blasting surface 3.
[0071] It can be understood that a plurality of first blasting holes 31 and a plurality of second blasting holes 32 are drilled in sequence on the target blasting surface 3, and a plurality of first blasting assemblies 1 and a plurality of second blasting assemblies 2 are respectively installed on the target blasting surface 3 using the plurality of first blasting holes 31 and the plurality of second blasting holes 32, and then, the blasting of the target blasting surface 3 is achieved by detonating the plurality of first explosive rolls 11 in the first blasting assembly 1 and the plurality of second explosive rolls 21 in the second blasting assembly 2, and finally, the ventilation and slag cleaning of the target blasting surface 3 are utilized to achieve safe and efficient construction of the target blasting surface 3.
[0072] It should be noted that, before step S1, blasting parameter design, measurement and layout need to be performed, and after step S1, hole depth and hole orientation inspection and solution configuration need to be performed.
[0073] Specifically, blasting parameter design: Combined with the actual engineering geological conditions, the optimal blasting parameters are determined through blasting experiments.
[0074] Measurement and layout: Position and lay out the first blasting hole 31 and the second blasting hole 32 of the target blasting surface 3, determine the positions of the first blasting hole 31 and the second blasting hole 32, and mark them with red paint.
[0075] Hole depth and hole orientation acceptance: After the first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 are drilled, the first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 are inspected, mainly for the blast hole depth and angle, and they only need to meet the parameter requirements finally determined by the plan. (The blast hole spacing and blast hole angle are strictly implemented according to traditional blasting parameters), and the corresponding unqualified blast holes are plugged and re-drilled.
[0076] Solution preparation: solid powder reagent containing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is used, and the optimal concentration is 0.6% and the optimal concentration of iodine reagent is 0.04%, respectively, and they are poured into water bags for preparation. The first solution and the second solution after preparation are injected into the first water volume 12 and the second water volume 22 of the extrusion type self-sealing by using a pipe water injection device, and are stored together for filling the blasting hole.
[0077] For step S1, the operator can make full use of the drilling and blasting trolley platform to drill blasting holes in sections and blocks. In the red paint marked area of the target blasting surface 3, the operator uses a hand drill (YT-28) to drill blasting holes or multi-arm drilling. The blasting holes are drilled strictly according to the final parameters, and the blasting hole spacing and blast hole angles are strictly implemented according to traditional blasting parameters.
[0078] For step S4, after the blasting is completed, the tunnel is immediately ventilated to disperse the smoke. A 110KW×2 axial flow fan is arranged at each tunnel entrance, and strong pressure is used for ventilation. The ventilation time is determined according to the on-site air quality. The on-site multi-functional gas monitor is used to detect and determine the air quality.
[0079] For step S4, after the blasting excavation is completed, the slag removal construction is organized during the ventilation process, and the slag removal adopts 1.6m 3 The hydraulic backhoe removes the slag, and the LZ50C loader loads the slag into a 20t dump truck, which then transports the slag to the designated slag yard.
[0080] After the slag is cleared, workers can install anchors, hang steel mesh, support arches, spray concrete, etc. on the excavation surface according to the process requirements.
[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the target blasting face 3 is a tunnel face, and the construction method further includes:
[0082] Divide the plurality of first blasting holes 31 into slot holes and auxiliary holes in sequence along the center of the tunnel face to the surrounding direction, divide the first blasting holes 31 at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and divide the second blasting holes 32 into peripheral holes;
[0083] The first explosive roll 11 of the first blasting assembly 1 in the slot hole, the first explosive roll 11 of the first blasting assembly 1 in the auxiliary hole, the second explosive roll 21 of the second blasting assembly 2 in the peripheral hole and the first explosive roll 11 of the first blasting assembly 1 in the bottom hole are detonated in sequence.
[0084] It can be understood that the multiple first blasting holes 31 and the multiple second blasting holes 32 on the tunnel face are respectively divided into slot holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes and peripheral holes, and the explosive rolls in each blasting hole are detonated in sequence according to the order of slot holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and bottom holes, so as to achieve high-quality blasting of the tunnel face.
[0085] It should be noted that the cutout holes, auxiliary holes and bottom holes are all first blasting holes 31 , and the peripheral holes are second blasting holes 32 .
[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the construction method further comprises:
[0087] S21: Dividing the target blasting surface 3 into a first operation area 33, a second operation area 34, a third operation area 35 and a fourth operation area 36 in sequence from bottom to top;
[0088] S22: Drilling a plurality of evenly distributed first blasting holes 31 on the first working area 33, and drilling a plurality of evenly distributed second blasting holes 32 on both sides of the first working area 33, wherein the first blasting holes 31 located at the bottom of the first working area 33 are used as bottom holes, and the first blasting holes 31 located at other positions of the first working area 33 are used as auxiliary holes;
[0089] S23: A first area is reserved in the middle of the second working area 34, and a plurality of evenly distributed first blasting holes 31 are drilled on both sides of the first area, and a plurality of evenly distributed second blasting holes 32 are drilled on both sides of the second working area 34, wherein the first blasting holes 31 on both sides of the first area are used as groove holes, and the first blasting holes 31 between the groove holes and the second blasting holes 32 in the second working area 34 are used as auxiliary holes;
[0090] S24: a second area is reserved in the middle of the third working area 35, and a plurality of evenly distributed first blasting holes 31 are drilled on both sides of the second area, and a plurality of evenly distributed second blasting holes 32 are drilled on both sides of the second working area 34, wherein the first blasting holes 31 on both sides of the second area are used as groove holes, and the first blasting holes 31 between the groove holes and the second blasting holes 32 in the third working area 35 are used as auxiliary holes;
[0091] S25: Drill a plurality of evenly distributed first blasting holes 31 on the fourth working area 36, and drill a plurality of evenly distributed second blasting holes 32 on both sides and the top of the fourth working area 36, wherein the first blasting holes 31 of the fourth working area 36 are all used as auxiliary holes.
[0092] It can be understood that the target blasting surface 3 is divided into a first working area 33, a second working area 34, a third working area 35 and a fourth working area 36, and groove holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes and peripheral holes are arranged according to the positions of each working area, thereby ensuring high-quality blasting of the target blasting surface 3.
[0093] It should be noted that, by reserving a first area in the middle of the second working area 34 and a second area in the middle of the third working area 35, it is possible to achieve high-quality blasting of the target blasting surface 3 while facilitating the arrangement of the working frame at the target blasting surface 3, thereby ensuring high-efficiency blasting of the target blasting surface 3.
[0094] The specific arrangement of the plurality of first blasting holes 31 and the plurality of second blasting holes 32 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this. For example, eighteen first blasting holes 31 are drilled on the first working area 33, with a total of three rows from bottom to top, and nine first blasting holes 31 in each row. The first blasting holes 31 in the bottom row are all used as bottom holes. Four second blasting holes 32 are respectively drilled on both sides of the first working area 33, with a total of eight second blasting holes 32; fourteen first blasting holes 31 are respectively drilled on both sides of the first area of the second working area 34, with a total of twenty-eight first blasting holes 31. The eight first blasting holes 31 on both sides of the first area are used as groove holes, and the remaining twenty first blasting holes 31 are used as auxiliary holes. Four second blasting holes 32 are drilled on both sides of the second operation area 34, totaling eight second blasting holes 32; fourteen first blasting holes 31 are drilled on both sides of the second area of the third operation area 35, totaling twenty-eight first blasting holes 31, eight first blasting holes 31 on both sides of the second area are used as slot holes, and the remaining twenty first blasting holes 31 are used as auxiliary holes, and four second blasting holes 32 are drilled on both sides of the third operation area 35, totaling eight second blasting holes 32; eleven first blasting holes 31 are drilled on the fourth operation area 36, all of the eleven first blasting holes 31 are used as auxiliary holes, and seventeen second blasting holes 32 are drilled on both sides and the top of the fourth operation area 36. Thus, multiple slot holes, auxiliary holes and bottom holes are arranged on the tunnel face except the central area, and multiple peripheral holes are arranged around the tunnel face.
[0095] At the moment of blasting, due to the enhanced effects of hydraulic fracturing and steam explosion, the detonation wave causes the dust to rise rapidly in a very short time. The first water volume 12 in the first blasting hole 31 and the second water volume 22 in the second blasting hole 32 are squeezed and atomized by the explosive gas and then diffused into the air, causing the dust content to drop rapidly for the first time and greatly reducing the peak value of the dust content. The remaining unencapsulated dust drops rapidly for the second time under the action of ventilation until the dust content of the target blasting surface 3 meets the requirements.
[0096] Example:
[0097] The surrounding rock of the L5 tunnel in the Zhenggang project is mainly slate, slate intercalated with sandstone, and basalt, which are relatively soft rock and relatively hard rock. The rock mass is broken, the groundwater activity is weak, the surrounding rock level is grade III-V, and the tunnel clearance is 9.5m (width) × 5.0m (height). During the blasting excavation process, since the tunnel adopts single-head excavation and the maximum depth is 1.2km, the ventilation and smoke dispersion effect becomes extremely difficult with the continuous excavation and advancement, and the tunnel construction environment becomes extremely poor, which directly leads to the problems of longer process cycle time, slower progress, and increased costs. In order to ensure the quality and progress of tunnel excavation and support construction, and improve the quality of tunnel construction environment, combined with the actual situation on site, and targeting the construction difficulties, the "hydraulic fracturing-dust reduction smooth blasting construction technology method" was studied and adopted, that is, the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device in this embodiment. This technology not only solves the environmental quality problem of blasting excavation of the L5 long tunnel, but also shortens the cycle blasting time, speeds up the process, improves the excavation quality, and reduces the unit consumption of explosives.
[0098] The main effects are as follows:
[0099] 1. Economic benefits:
[0100] 1. Cost-effectiveness of blasting operations.
[0101] By adopting the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device of the present embodiment, the cost of a single cycle of blasting operation can be saved by about RMB 193, that is, RMB 55 per linear meter.
[0102] Comparison of blasting parameters between conventional blasting and this embodiment
[0103]
[0104] Comparison of labor force between conventional blasting and blasting in this embodiment
[0105]
[0106] Comparison of the blasting operation costs between single-cycle conventional blasting and this embodiment
[0107]
[0108] 2. Cost-effectiveness of over-excavation and under-excavation control.
[0109] By using the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device of the present embodiment, the average over-excavation volume per meter of tunnel grade III surrounding rock is reduced by 1.18m 3 , each meter of shotcrete saves 0.65m 3 , the overfilling of the secondary lining concrete per linear meter saves 1.18m 3 , saving about 1,294.7 yuan per linear meter.
[0110] Comparison of over-excavation and under-excavation costs per linear meter between conventional blasting and blasting in this embodiment
[0111]
[0112]
[0113] 3. Estimate total benefits.
[0114] By adopting the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device of the present embodiment, the cost saving per linear meter of tunnel grade III surrounding rock = the cost saving per linear meter of blasting operation + the cost saving per linear meter of over-excavation and under-excavation = 55 + 1294.7 = 1349.7 yuan.
[0115] The L5 highway tunnel of the Zhenggang project has a total of 770 meters of Grade III surrounding rock, and the estimated total cost savings = 770 × 1349.7 = 1,039,269 yuan = 1,039,000 yuan. After adopting the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device of this embodiment, the dust content in the tunnel is greatly reduced, and the air quality in the tunnel and the smooth blasting effect are significantly improved.
[0116] The blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device of this embodiment have been successfully applied in the Chengzhenggang Tunnel of the project, which promoted the safety of excavation construction and no accidents such as casualties occurred during the construction process; reduced the generation of blasting smoke and dust in the tunnel and improved the air quality of tunnel construction; and by adopting this method, the unit consumption of explosives was reduced, achieving the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction.
[0117] For improvements to the construction environment, please refer to the table below.
[0118] Comparison table of air quality in conventional blasting and blasting hole of this embodiment
[0119]
[0120]
[0121] It should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.
[0122] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.
[0123] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0124] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1. A blasting device, characterized in that: include: A plurality of first blasting components, wherein the first blasting components include: a plurality of first drug rolls and a plurality of first water rolls, wherein the plurality of first drug rolls and the plurality of first water rolls are respectively arranged in first blasting holes of a target blasting surface, and a first aqueous solution is arranged in the first water rolls, and the first aqueous solution is used to enhance the blasting effect; A plurality of second blasting components, wherein the second blasting components include: a plurality of second drug rolls and a plurality of second water rolls, wherein the plurality of second drug rolls and the plurality of second water rolls are respectively arranged in second blasting holes of the target blasting surface, and a second aqueous solution is arranged in the second water rolls, and the second aqueous solution is used to enhance the dust sticking effect; Wherein, a plurality of the second blasting assemblies are arranged around a plurality of the first blasting assemblies.
2. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first aqueous solution is an iodine tincture solution.
3. The blasting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of the iodine tincture solution is 0.04%, and the ethanol content in the iodine tincture solution ranges from 60.0% to 70.0%.
4. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the first explosive rolls are continuously arranged in the first blasting hole to form a continuous blasting source, and a plurality of the first water rolls are respectively arranged at two ends of the continuous blasting source.
5. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second aqueous solution is a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.
6. The blasting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution is 0.6%.
7. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the second explosive rolls are arranged at intervals in the first blasting hole to form a dispersed blasting source, and a plurality of the second water rolls are respectively arranged at both ends of the dispersed blasting source and in a gap of the dispersed blasting source.
8. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first blasting assembly further includes: a first blocking body, the first blocking body being arranged at the opening of the first blasting hole; and / or, The second blasting assembly further includes: a second blocking body, and the second blocking body is arranged at the opening of the second blasting hole.
9. A construction method of the blasting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Drilling a plurality of first blasting holes on a target blasting surface, and drilling a plurality of second blasting holes around the plurality of first blasting holes; Installing a plurality of first blasting assemblies in each of the plurality of first blasting holes, and installing a plurality of second blasting assemblies in each of the plurality of second blasting holes; Detonating a plurality of first explosive rolls of the first blasting assemblies and a plurality of second explosive rolls of the second blasting assemblies in sequence in directions around the center of the target blasting surface; The target blasting surface is ventilated according to the air quality of the target blasting surface, and the slag on the target blasting surface is cleaned.
10. The construction method of the blasting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The target blasting face is a tunnel face, and the construction method further comprises: Dividing the plurality of first blasting holes into cut holes and auxiliary holes in sequence from the center of the tunnel face to the surrounding direction, dividing the first blasting holes at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and dividing the second blasting holes into peripheral holes; The first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the slot hole, the first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the auxiliary hole, the second explosive roll of the second blasting assembly in the peripheral hole and the first explosive roll of the first blasting assembly in the bottom hole are sequentially detonated.