A flywheel energy storage management method and system based on PLC

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power grid frequency regulation, and in particular to a flywheel energy storage management method and system based on PLC. The method includes: obtaining first monitoring data of a first sensor and second monitoring data of a second sensor; determining the state of the flywheel and the state of the power grid according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; determining whether there is abnormal fluctuation in the power grid according to the power grid state; if it is determined that there is abnormal fluctuation, then based on PLC, according to the power grid state, determining a correction strategy; based on the correction strategy, analyzing the flywheel state, and determining a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result; according to the power grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit, smoothing the power grid fluctuation for flywheel energy storage. Reduce frequency and voltage instability caused by power grid fluctuations and improve the overall stability of the power grid. Participate in power grid frequency regulation more quickly and accurately, and improve the power grid frequency regulation capability. Optimize the distribution and use of energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce energy waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power grid frequency regulation, and in particular to a flywheel energy storage management method and system based on PLC. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of renewable energy and the increasing instability of the power system, the problem of grid frequency regulation has become increasingly prominent. Traditional frequency regulation methods mainly rely on thermal power generating units and energy storage devices for regulation, but there are problems such as slow regulation speed, low efficiency, and high cost. Flywheel energy storage, as an efficient and clean energy storage method, has the advantages of fast response speed, long cycle life, and low maintenance cost.

[0003] However, the application of existing flywheel energy storage systems in grid frequency regulation still has certain limitations, mainly manifested in the fact that the flywheel energy storage management method is not perfect enough and the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system cannot be adjusted in real time according to the grid status. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a flywheel energy storage management method and system based on PLC to solve the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a flywheel energy storage management method based on PLC, the flywheel energy storage management method is applied to a flywheel energy storage management device, the flywheel energy storage management device includes a plurality of first sensors, a plurality of second sensors, a plurality of flywheels, a power grid, and a server; the plurality of first sensors are arranged in the power grid; the plurality of second sensors are arranged in a plurality of flywheels; the flywheel energy storage management method is applied to the server, the method includes:

[0006] Acquire first monitoring data of the first sensor and second monitoring data of the second sensor; determine the flywheel state and the power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data;

[0007] Determining whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations according to the power grid state;

[0008] If it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation, determining a correction strategy based on the PLC and according to the power grid state;

[0009] Based on the correction strategy, analyzing the flywheel state, and determining a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result;

[0010] According to the grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit, grid fluctuations are smoothed to perform flywheel energy storage.

[0011] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of the power grid status and rapid response, the operation of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in time, the power grid fluctuations can be effectively smoothed, the frequency and voltage instability caused by power grid fluctuations can be reduced, and the overall stability of the power grid can be improved. The output of the flywheel energy storage system is adjusted according to the real-time status of the power grid, so that the flywheel energy storage system can participate in the power grid frequency regulation more quickly and accurately, and the power grid frequency regulation capability can be improved. By accurately controlling the charging and discharging process of the flywheel energy storage system, it is helpful to optimize the distribution and use of energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce energy waste. Automatic operation can be achieved, reducing manual intervention and operation, thereby helping to reduce the operating cost of the flywheel energy storage system. Real-time monitoring and adjustment strategies enable the flywheel energy storage system to respond quickly to power grid changes, shorten the reaction time, and improve the dynamic response performance of the system. Automatic control is achieved through PLC, which improves the reliability and stability of the system and reduces the risks caused by human operation errors or system failures. The operation strategy is adjusted according to different power grid states, so the flywheel energy storage system can adapt to a variety of power grid environments and operating conditions, increasing the applicability of the system.

[0012] Optionally, based on the PLC, a correction strategy is determined according to the flywheel state, including: analyzing the second monitoring data, and determining the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system according to the second data analysis result; analyzing the grid state to determine the real-time monitoring grid frequency and grid load connection status with abnormal fluctuations; determining the virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring grid frequency; determining the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitoring grid frequency; determining the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency according to the maximum power and the response speed; determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine according to the virtual inertia and the power output limit; using the virtual inertia, the power output limit and the intervention timing as the correction strategy.

[0013] Through this solution, by real-time analysis of the second monitoring data, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency and load, thereby improving the stability of the grid; based on the data analysis of maximum power and response speed, the flywheel energy storage system can optimize its power output and more effectively support the frequency regulation needs of the grid; analyzing the grid status, especially real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, can timely discover and reduce abnormal fluctuations in the grid and prevent damage to grid equipment; by monitoring the grid load connection, the flywheel energy storage system can adjust its charging and discharging strategy to adapt to changes in the grid load and ensure load balance; the calculation of virtual inertia helps to simulate the response of the flywheel to grid frequency fluctuations, thereby providing additional stable support; according to the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the virtual synchronous machine can adjust the intervention frequency in real time to help stabilize the grid frequency; the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency ensures that the flywheel energy storage system does not exceed its design limit when providing support; the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine can be accurately determined according to the grid status and the real-time data of the flywheel energy storage system to maximize the frequency regulation effect; the virtual inertia, power output limit and intervention timing can be used as correction strategies, which can be implemented through the PLC control system to ensure that the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system matches the grid demand; through real-time monitoring and analysis, the intelligence level of the flywheel energy storage system is improved, and it can respond to the needs of the grid in a more adaptive and intelligent manner.

[0014] Optionally, determining the virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring grid frequency includes: determining the inertia characteristics of the several flywheels and the total energy storage of all flywheels according to the second data analysis result; determining the load capacity of each flywheel according to the grid load connection status; determining the rotational inertia of each flywheel according to the inertia characteristics; determining the grid inertia coefficient according to the rotational inertia and the maximum power; determining the grid scale factor according to the total energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel; obtaining the renewable energy amount of the grid, and calculating the energy proportion of the total energy storage and the renewable energy amount according to the renewable energy amount to obtain the penetration influence coefficient of the renewable energy amount; determining the virtual inertia according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitoring grid frequency and the maximum power.

[0015] Through this solution, by real-time analysis of the grid status and flywheel energy storage system data, it is possible to quickly respond to grid frequency changes and improve grid stability; based on the grid load connection status and the inertia characteristics of the flywheel, the management of the flywheel energy storage system can be optimized to ensure that the load capacity of each flywheel is fully utilized. Determining the grid inertia coefficient and grid scale factor can enhance the flywheel energy storage system's ability in grid frequency regulation, allowing it to respond more effectively to grid frequency fluctuations. By calculating the penetration impact coefficient of renewable energy, the access of renewable energy can be better managed and its penetration rate in the grid can be increased. According to the calculation results of virtual inertia, the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in real time to more accurately meet the grid frequency regulation needs. By determining the rotational inertia and load capacity of each flywheel, the response speed of the flywheel energy storage system to grid frequency changes can be improved, allowing it to intervene in grid frequency regulation more quickly. By optimizing the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system, the amplitude of grid frequency changes can be reduced, reducing the impact of grid fluctuations on users and equipment. By adjusting the operation of the flywheel energy storage system in real time, the operation efficiency of the grid can be improved and energy loss can be reduced. The calculation of virtual inertia and real-time adjustment strategy enable the flywheel energy storage system to better adapt to the dynamic changes of the grid and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the grid.

[0016] Optionally, the virtual inertia is determined according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, represents the virtual inertia; represents the maximum power; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; represents the inertia coefficient of the power grid; represents the grid size factor; represents the penetration influence coefficient.

[0019] Through this solution, the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in real time according to the real-time status of the power grid, including real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency, the impact of the penetration of renewable energy, etc., to improve the flexibility and adaptability of the system; by accurately calculating the virtual inertia, the flywheel energy storage system can more effectively simulate the inertial response of the synchronous generator, enhance the power grid's resistance to frequency fluctuations, and thus improve the stability of the power grid; the calculation of virtual inertia enables the flywheel energy storage system to respond to changes in the power grid frequency more quickly and accurately, and improve the efficiency and effect of frequency regulation; considering the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy, the calculation of virtual inertia helps to better integrate renewable energy and improve the power grid's ability to accept renewable energy; especially in the case of tight frequency regulation resources, providing virtual inertia through the flywheel energy storage system can reduce dependence on traditional synchronous generators.

[0020] Optionally, determining the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency includes: acquiring and analyzing historical change records, and determining, based on the record analysis results, the synchronization effect of the virtual synchronous machine on the grid frequency change and the stability effect of the response speed of each flywheel on the grid; determining a proportional gain based on the synchronization effect and the stability effect; acquiring a set frequency of the grid; and determining the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency.

[0021] Through this solution, by adjusting the intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine in real time, the flywheel energy storage system can respond to the fluctuation of the grid frequency more quickly, thereby improving the stability of the grid and reducing the impact of frequency fluctuations on user equipment and system safety; the calculation of real-time intervention frequency enables the flywheel energy storage system to participate in grid frequency regulation more effectively, improving the response speed and efficiency of frequency regulation; by analyzing historical change records, the performance of the virtual synchronous machine and the flywheel energy storage system can be more accurately understood, thereby optimizing the system configuration and operating parameters; the real-time adjustment strategy helps to reduce energy waste caused by frequency fluctuations and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the grid; the calculation of real-time intervention frequency enables the flywheel energy storage system to better adapt to the dynamic changes of the grid; through the adjustment of real-time intervention frequency, the flywheel energy storage system can provide additional stability support in the event of a grid failure or emergency, thereby improving the safety of the system.

[0022] Optionally, the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined according to the real-time monitored grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, Indicates the real-time intervention frequency; represents the proportional gain; Indicates the set frequency; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency.

[0025] Through this solution, by calculating and adjusting the real-time intervention frequency, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly respond to fluctuations in the grid frequency, help the grid return to the set frequency, and thus improve the stability of the grid. The real-time intervention frequency calculation enables the virtual synchronous machine to quickly intervene in the grid frequency modulation, reducing the duration of frequency fluctuations and improving the dynamic response speed of the grid; through real-time adjustment, the flywheel energy storage system can more effectively utilize its energy storage capacity, optimize the overall performance of the system, and reduce unnecessary energy consumption; the real-time adjustment of the proportional gain can be optimized according to the real-time state of the grid, making the response of the flywheel energy storage system more accurate and efficient; by quickly responding to frequency fluctuations, the risk of grid overload and failure can be reduced, and the safe operation level of the grid can be improved.

[0026] Optionally, determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine based on the virtual inertia and the power output limit includes: determining the frequency deviation based on the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency; comparing the frequency deviation with a preset intervention threshold; determining intervention when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power; adjusting the real-time intervention frequency to the maximum power and intervening when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power; and not intervening when the frequency deviation is less than the preset intervention threshold.

[0027] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of grid frequency changes and determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine based on this, it is possible to quickly respond to grid frequency fluctuations, help the grid recover and maintain the set frequency, and thus improve the stability of the grid frequency; the calculation and adjustment of the real-time intervention frequency enables the virtual synchronous machine to quickly intervene in grid frequency regulation, reducing the duration of frequency fluctuations and improving the response speed and efficiency of grid frequency regulation; according to grid frequency changes and power output limitations, the energy storage capacity of the flywheel energy storage system can be more effectively utilized, the overall performance of the system can be optimized, and unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced; the real-time adjustment of the proportional gain (K_p) can be optimized according to the real-time state of the grid, making the response of the flywheel energy storage system more accurate and efficient; with the access of renewable energy and changes in load, the complexity of the grid increases. The calculation of the real-time intervention frequency helps to adapt to this complexity and improve the adaptability of the grid.

[0028] Optionally, based on the correction strategy, the flywheel state is analyzed, and a bufferable storage unit is determined according to the state analysis result, including: determining the current total energy storage of the several flywheels according to the second data analysis result; determining the energy storage state of the several flywheels according to the total energy storage of all the flywheels and the current total energy storage; acquiring and analyzing the flywheel operation data, and determining the working state of each flywheel according to the operation data analysis result; inputting the working state of each flywheel into a preset state evaluation model, and determining whether any flywheel is working abnormally according to the evaluation result; if not, determining the currently available energy storage space according to the energy storage state; and determining the bufferable storage unit according to the real-time intervention frequency and the currently available storage space.

[0029] Through this solution, by analyzing the state of the flywheel in real time, it is possible to ensure that each flywheel is in the best working state, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the entire flywheel energy storage system; according to the real-time frequency requirements of the power grid, the energy storage and release strategies of the flywheel energy storage system are dynamically adjusted to enhance the frequency regulation capability of the power grid and improve the stability of the power grid; according to the energy storage state of the flywheel and the needs of the power grid, the energy storage distribution is optimized to ensure the stability of the power grid frequency and the safety of the flywheel energy storage system; by real-time monitoring and adjustment of the working state of the flywheel, unnecessary energy loss can be reduced and energy utilization efficiency can be improved; through real-time monitoring and abnormality detection of the flywheel state, the working abnormalities of the flywheel can be discovered and corrected in time, improving the reliability and safety of the entire flywheel energy storage system; based on the automatic analysis and management of the correction strategy, manual intervention can be reduced, the automatic management of the flywheel energy storage system can be realized, and the management efficiency can be improved.

[0030] Optionally, determining whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations based on the power grid status includes: acquiring power grid data, analyzing the power grid data, and determining power grid change nodes; determining power grid change times based on the power grid change nodes; determining power grid change frequencies based on the power grid change times; and comparing the power grid change frequency with a preset change threshold, and if the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, determining that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations.

[0031] Through this solution, by acquiring and analyzing power grid data, it is possible to monitor the dynamic changes of the power grid in real time, so as to have a more accurate understanding of the real-time status of the power grid; it is possible to promptly detect abnormal fluctuations in the power grid and take corresponding frequency modulation measures, which is helpful to maintain the frequency stability of the power grid and improve the operational stability of the power grid; by identifying the nodes and times of power grid changes, it is possible to respond more quickly to changes in power grid frequency and optimize the frequency modulation response speed and effect of the flywheel energy storage system; early detection of abnormal power grid fluctuations helps prevent possible power grid failures and reduce large-scale power outages and equipment damage caused by power grid problems; real-time analysis of the frequency of power grid changes and comparison with the preset threshold can help the flywheel energy storage system adjust the frequency modulation strategy according to the actual situation of the power grid, making it more adaptable to the needs of the power grid.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present application provides a flywheel energy storage management system based on PLC, the system comprising:

[0033] A state analysis module, configured to obtain first monitoring data of the first sensor and second monitoring data of the second sensor; and determine a flywheel state and a power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data;

[0034] A fluctuation analysis module, used to determine whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations according to the power grid state;

[0035] A strategy analysis module, for determining a correction strategy based on the PLC and the power grid state if it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation;

[0036] A buffer analysis module, used for analyzing the flywheel state based on the correction strategy, and determining a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result;

[0037] The energy storage analysis module is used to smooth the grid fluctuations to perform flywheel energy storage according to the grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit.

[0038] Optionally, the strategy analysis module is specifically used to: analyze the second monitoring data, and determine the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system based on the second data analysis results; analyze the power grid state to determine the real-time monitoring power grid frequency and power grid load connection status with abnormal fluctuations; determine the virtual inertia based on the maximum power, the power grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring power grid frequency; determine the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitoring power grid frequency; determine the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency based on the maximum power and the response speed; determine the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine based on the virtual inertia and the power output limit; use the virtual inertia, the power output limit and the intervention timing as the correction strategy.

[0039] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module determines the virtual inertia based on the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitored grid frequency, it is used to: determine the inertia characteristics of the several flywheels and the total energy storage of all flywheels based on the second data analysis result; determine the load capacity of each flywheel based on the grid load connection status; determine the rotational inertia of each flywheel based on the inertia characteristics; determine the grid inertia coefficient based on the rotational inertia and the maximum power; determine the grid scale factor based on the total energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel; obtain the renewable energy amount of the grid, calculate the energy proportion of the total energy storage and the renewable energy amount based on the renewable energy amount, and obtain the penetration influence coefficient of the renewable energy amount; determine the virtual inertia based on the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power.

[0040] Optionally, the strategy analysis module determines the virtual inertia according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power, and calculates according to the following formula:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, represents the virtual inertia; represents the maximum power; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; represents the inertia coefficient of the power grid; represents the grid size factor; represents the penetration influence coefficient.

[0043] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module determines the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitored grid frequency, it is used to: obtain and analyze historical change records, and determine, based on the record analysis results, the synchronization impact of the virtual synchronous machine on the grid frequency change and the stability impact of the response speed of each flywheel on the grid; determine the proportional gain based on the synchronization impact and the stability impact; obtain the set frequency of the grid; and determine the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitored grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency.

[0044] Optionally, the strategy analysis module determines the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitored grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, and calculates it according to the following formula:

[0045] ;

[0046] in, indicating the real-time intervention frequency; represents the proportional gain; Indicates the set frequency; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency.

[0047] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module determines the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine based on the virtual inertia and the power output limit, it is used to: determine the frequency deviation based on the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; compare the frequency deviation with a preset intervention threshold; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power, determine to intervene; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power, adjust the real-time intervention frequency to the maximum power and intervene; when the frequency deviation is less than the preset intervention threshold, do not intervene.

[0048] Optionally, the buffer analysis module is specifically used to: determine the current total energy storage of the several flywheels based on the second data analysis result; determine the energy storage status of the several flywheels based on the total energy storage of all the flywheels and the current total energy storage; obtain and analyze the flywheel operation data, and determine the working status of each flywheel based on the operation data analysis result; input the working status of each flywheel into a preset status evaluation model, and determine whether any flywheel is working abnormally based on the evaluation result; if not, determine the currently available energy storage space based on the energy storage status; determine the bufferable storage unit based on the real-time intervention frequency and the currently available storage space.

[0049] Optionally, the fluctuation analysis module is used to: acquire power grid data, analyze the power grid data, and determine power grid change nodes; determine power grid change time based on the power grid change node; determine power grid change frequency based on the power grid change time; compare the power grid change frequency with a preset change threshold, and if the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, it is determined that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 2 A flow chart of a flywheel energy storage management method based on PLC provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a PLC-based flywheel energy storage management system provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] In addition, the term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally means that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0056] The embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.

[0057] The application of existing flywheel energy storage systems in grid frequency regulation still has limitations, mainly manifested in the fact that the flywheel energy storage management method is not perfect enough and the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system cannot be adjusted in real time according to the grid status.

[0058] Based on this, the present application provides a flywheel energy storage management method and system based on PLC, the flywheel energy storage management method is applied to the flywheel energy storage management device, the flywheel energy storage management device includes a number of first sensors, a number of second sensors, a number of flywheels, a power grid, and a server; a number of first sensors are arranged in the power grid; a number of second sensors are arranged in a number of flywheels; the flywheel energy storage management method is applied to the server, and the method includes: obtaining the first monitoring data of the first sensor and the second monitoring data of the second sensor; determining the flywheel state and the power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; determining whether there is abnormal fluctuation in the power grid according to the power grid state; if it is determined that there is abnormal fluctuation, then based on the PLC, according to the power grid state, determine the correction strategy; based on the correction strategy, analyze the flywheel state, and determine the bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result; according to the power grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit, smooth the power grid fluctuation for flywheel energy storage. By real-time monitoring of the power grid state and rapid response, the operation of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in time, thereby effectively smoothing the power grid fluctuation, reducing the frequency and voltage instability caused by the power grid fluctuation, and improving the overall stability of the power grid. Adjust the output of the flywheel energy storage system according to the real-time status of the power grid, so that the flywheel energy storage system can participate in the power grid frequency regulation more quickly and accurately, and improve the power grid frequency regulation capability. By accurately controlling the charging and discharging process of the flywheel energy storage system, the distribution and use of energy can be optimized, the energy utilization efficiency can be improved, and energy waste can be reduced. Real-time monitoring and adjustment strategies enable the flywheel energy storage system to respond quickly to changes in the power grid, shorten the reaction time, and improve the dynamic response performance of the system. Through PLC, automatic control is achieved to improve the reliability and stability of the system and reduce the risks caused by human operating errors or system failures.

[0059] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by the present application, when the flywheel energy storage system is connected to the grid frequency modulation, specifically, the method provided by the present application is applied to any server, the server interacts with the flywheel energy storage management device, and the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data are obtained by real-time monitoring of the grid state and responding quickly, so that the operation of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in time, thereby effectively smoothing the grid fluctuations, reducing the frequency and voltage instability caused by grid fluctuations, and improving the overall stability of the grid. The output of the flywheel energy storage system is adjusted according to the real-time state of the grid, so that the flywheel energy storage system can participate in the grid frequency modulation more quickly and accurately, and improve the grid frequency modulation capability. By accurately controlling the charging and discharging process of the flywheel energy storage system, it is helpful to optimize the distribution and use of energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce energy waste. Automatic operation can be achieved, reducing manual intervention and operation, thereby helping to reduce the operating cost of the flywheel energy storage system. Real-time monitoring and adjustment strategies enable the flywheel energy storage system to respond quickly to grid changes, shorten the reaction time, and improve the dynamic response performance of the system. Automatic control is achieved through PLC, which improves the reliability and stability of the system and reduces the risks caused by human operating errors or system failures. The operation strategy is adjusted according to different grid states, so the flywheel energy storage system can adapt to a variety of grid environments and operating conditions, increasing the applicability of the system. The specific implementation method can refer to the following embodiments.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a PLC-based flywheel energy storage management method provided in one embodiment of the present application. The method of this embodiment can be applied to the server in the above scenario. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0061] S201. Obtain first monitoring data of a first sensor and second monitoring data of a second sensor; determine a flywheel state and a power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data.

[0062] The first sensor may be a sensor installed in the power grid, used to monitor the operating status of the power grid, such as a power grid voltage sensor, a power grid frequency sensor, etc. The first monitoring data may be the power grid status information collected by the first sensor, such as the power grid voltage value, the power grid frequency value, etc. The second sensor may be a sensor installed on the flywheel, used to monitor the operating status of the flywheel, such as a flywheel speed sensor, a flywheel temperature sensor. The second monitoring data may be the flywheel status information collected by the second sensor, such as the flywheel speed, the flywheel temperature, etc. The flywheel status may be the operation and energy storage status of the flywheel, such as the energy storage capacity, the health status, etc. The power grid status may be the overall operation status of the power grid, such as the power grid frequency, the power grid load.

[0063] Specifically, a first sensor is installed in the power grid to monitor the key parameters of the power grid such as voltage, frequency, and load in real time; a second sensor is installed on the flywheel to monitor the key parameters of the flywheel such as rotation speed, temperature, and energy storage capacity in real time; the data collected by the first sensor and the second sensor are transmitted to the server through the communication network; the server processes and analyzes the collected first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; based on the analysis results, the state of the flywheel (such as energy storage level, health status, etc.) and the state of the power grid (such as frequency, load, etc.) are determined.

[0064] S202: Determine whether there is abnormal fluctuation in the power grid according to the power grid status.

[0065] Abnormal fluctuations can be fluctuations in parameters in the power grid or power system (such as voltage, frequency, load, etc.) that significantly deviate from the normal range in a short period of time due to external interference, internal faults, sudden changes in load or other reasons.

[0066] Specifically, the server cleans the collected grid status data to remove noise and outliers to ensure data quality; sets thresholds for abnormal fluctuations based on historical data and grid specifications; monitors grid parameters in real time and extracts key features from them, such as voltage offset, frequency deviation, load mutation, etc.; compares the real-time monitored grid parameters with the set thresholds; identifies anomalies such as sudden changes, trend changes, or periodic fluctuations in grid parameters, thereby determining whether there are abnormal fluctuations.

[0067] S203: If it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation, a correction strategy is determined based on the PLC and according to the power grid status.

[0068] The corrective strategy can be a series of measures or action plans taken to respond to the detected abnormal fluctuations to restore the normal operation of the power grid or power system, such as increasing the discharge power of the flywheel, reducing the charging power of the flywheel, or adjusting the operating mode of the flywheel.

[0069] Specifically, if it is detected that the grid frequency or load exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation in the grid; the current state data of the flywheel is obtained from the flywheel sensor, and the available energy, response speed and current working state of the flywheel are evaluated; it is determined which flywheels can be used to provide or absorb power to correct abnormal fluctuations in the grid; and a correction strategy is formulated based on the needs of the grid and the available state of the flywheel.

[0070] S204: Analyze the flywheel state based on the correction strategy, and determine the bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result.

[0071] The bufferable storage unit may be a flywheel capable of supplying or absorbing energy when grid demand varies, thereby buffering load fluctuations of the grid.

[0072] Specifically, real-time data is collected from flywheel sensors to evaluate the current energy storage capacity of the flywheel and determine its remaining energy. The speed and temperature data of the flywheel are analyzed to determine the operating efficiency and health status of the flywheel. The theoretical maximum energy storage capacity of the flywheel is calculated based on the design parameters and historical data of the flywheel. The actual energy storage capacity of the flywheel is compared with its theoretical maximum capacity to determine the energy storage level. The maintenance records and operating data of the flywheel are analyzed to check for potential health problems or signs of failure. Based on the health status of the flywheel, it is determined whether it is suitable as a buffer storage unit. The charge and discharge rates of the flywheel are analyzed to evaluate its ability to respond to changes in grid demand. The flywheels are prioritized based on their energy storage level, health status and responsiveness, and flywheels with high energy storage levels, good health and strong responsiveness are given priority as buffer storage units.

[0073] S205, smoothing grid fluctuations to perform flywheel energy storage according to grid status, correction strategy and bufferable storage units.

[0074] Smoothing grid fluctuations can be the result of a series of measures or technical means to reduce the rapid changes in grid parameters and keep them within the allowable range.

[0075] Flywheel energy storage can be the process of storing energy using a high-speed rotating flywheel.

[0076] Specifically, the available energy storage space is determined based on the current energy storage level of the flywheel and the needs of the power grid; the charge and discharge behavior of the flywheel is adjusted through the PLC control system according to the correction strategy; the grid fluctuations are smoothed and the grid frequency is adjusted through the rapid response of the flywheel energy storage system; the operating status of the flywheel energy storage system and the response of the power grid are monitored in real time; and according to the actual operating conditions, the correction strategy is continuously optimized to improve the frequency regulation effect of the flywheel energy storage system.

[0077] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of the power grid status and rapid response, the operation of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in time, the power grid fluctuations can be effectively smoothed, the frequency and voltage instability caused by power grid fluctuations can be reduced, and the overall stability of the power grid can be improved. The output of the flywheel energy storage system is adjusted according to the real-time status of the power grid, so that the flywheel energy storage system can participate in the power grid frequency regulation more quickly and accurately, and the power grid frequency regulation capability can be improved. By accurately controlling the charging and discharging process of the flywheel energy storage system, it is helpful to optimize the distribution and use of energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce energy waste. Automatic operation can be achieved, reducing manual intervention and operation, thereby helping to reduce the operating cost of the flywheel energy storage system. Real-time monitoring and adjustment strategies enable the flywheel energy storage system to respond quickly to power grid changes, shorten the reaction time, and improve the dynamic response performance of the system. Automatic control is achieved through PLC, which improves the reliability and stability of the system and reduces the risks caused by human operation errors or system failures. The operation strategy is adjusted according to different power grid states, so the flywheel energy storage system can adapt to a variety of power grid environments and operating conditions, increasing the applicability of the system.

[0078] In some embodiments, the second monitoring data is analyzed, and the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system are determined based on the second data analysis results; the power grid state is analyzed to determine the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency and the power grid load connection status with abnormal fluctuations; the virtual inertia is determined based on the maximum power, the power grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined based on the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency is determined based on the maximum power and the response speed; the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine is determined based on the virtual inertia and the power output limit; the virtual inertia, the power output limit and the intervention timing are used as correction strategies.

[0079] The maximum power may be the maximum electrical power that the flywheel energy storage system can output per unit time. The response speed may be the time required for the flywheel energy storage system to start outputting electrical energy from receiving a start signal. Real-time monitoring of the grid frequency may be the maximum degree to which the grid frequency deviates from its normal value (such as 50Hz or 60Hz) within a certain period of time. The grid load connection status may be the type, number and total power of the loads connected to the grid. The virtual inertia may be the inertial effect simulated by the flywheel energy storage system, that is, providing an inertial response similar to that of a large rotating generator to changes in grid frequency. The virtual synchronous machine may be a power supply or load using a converter that exhibits operating characteristics similar to those of a synchronous generator by simulating the electromechanical transient characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator.

[0080] The real-time intervention frequency may be a frequency setting value when the virtual synchronous machine intervenes in the grid frequency regulation. The power output limit may be a maximum power limit that the flywheel energy storage system can output when it intervenes in the grid frequency regulation. The intervention frequency may be a specific frequency value when the virtual synchronous machine intervenes in the grid frequency regulation.

[0081] The intervention timing may be a specific time point at which the virtual synchronous machine intervenes in the grid frequency regulation.

[0082] A virtual synchronous machine can be a power electronic device used for grid stability control, which simulates the dynamic characteristics of a traditional synchronous generator to provide the inertia, damping, and voltage support required by the grid.

[0083] Specifically, real-time monitoring data of the flywheel is collected through a second sensor (such as a flywheel speed sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.); the collected data such as the flywheel speed, temperature, and energy storage capacity are analyzed in real time to determine the current state of the flywheel energy storage system; based on the data analysis results, the maximum power and response speed that the flywheel energy storage system can provide are determined; the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency and the grid load connection status are analyzed to identify whether there are abnormal fluctuations; the virtual inertia is calculated based on the maximum power of the flywheel energy storage system, the grid load connection status, and the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency; based on the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the frequency threshold at which the virtual synchronous machine should intervene is determined; the virtual synchronous machine intervenes when the grid frequency deviates from the normal value to help stabilize the grid frequency; based on the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system, the maximum power limit that the flywheel can output at the real-time intervention frequency is determined; based on the virtual inertia, power output limit, and grid frequency changes, the optimal intervention time of the virtual synchronous machine is determined; the calculated virtual inertia, power output limit, and intervention time are used as correction strategies and sent to the flywheel energy storage system through the PLC.

[0084] Through this solution, by real-time analysis of the second monitoring data, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency and load, thereby improving the stability of the grid; based on the data analysis of maximum power and response speed, the flywheel energy storage system can optimize its power output and more effectively support the frequency regulation needs of the grid; analyzing the grid status, especially real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, can timely discover and reduce abnormal fluctuations in the grid and prevent damage to grid equipment; by monitoring the grid load connection, the flywheel energy storage system can adjust its charging and discharging strategy to adapt to changes in the grid load and ensure load balance; the calculation of virtual inertia helps to simulate the response of the flywheel to grid frequency fluctuations, thereby providing additional stable support; according to the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the virtual synchronous machine can adjust the intervention frequency in real time to help stabilize the grid frequency; the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency ensures that the flywheel energy storage system does not exceed its design limit when providing support; the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine can be accurately determined according to the grid status and the real-time data of the flywheel energy storage system to maximize the frequency regulation effect; the virtual inertia, power output limit and intervention timing can be used as correction strategies, which can be implemented through the PLC control system to ensure that the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system matches the grid demand; through real-time monitoring and analysis, the intelligence level of the flywheel energy storage system is improved, and it can respond to the needs of the grid in a more adaptive and intelligent manner.

[0085] In some embodiments, based on the second data analysis result, the inertia characteristics of several flywheels and the total energy storage of all flywheels are determined; the load capacity of each flywheel is determined according to the grid load connection situation; the moment of inertia of each flywheel is determined according to the inertia characteristics; the grid inertia coefficient is determined according to the moment of inertia and the maximum power; the grid scale factor is determined according to the total energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel; the renewable energy amount of the grid is obtained, and based on the renewable energy amount, the energy proportion of the total energy storage and the renewable energy amount is calculated to obtain the penetration influence coefficient of the renewable energy amount; the virtual inertia is determined based on the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, and real-time monitoring of the grid frequency and the maximum power.

[0086] Inertial characteristics can be the physical properties exhibited by the flywheel energy storage system during energy storage and release, mainly including rotational inertia and energy storage capacity.

[0087] The total amount of energy storage may be the total energy that the flywheel energy storage system can store.

[0088] The load capacity can be the maximum load that the flywheel energy storage system can withstand when the grid load changes.

[0089] The moment of inertia can be the inertia of the flywheel when it rotates around its axis. The larger the moment of inertia, the stronger the flywheel's resistance to speed changes, that is, the slower the response to grid frequency fluctuations.

[0090] The grid inertia coefficient can be the grid's ability to resist frequency changes. The higher the inertia coefficient, the slower the grid responds to frequency fluctuations, but it can provide greater stability support.

[0091] The grid scale factor can be the overall scale and load distribution of the grid. The grid scale factor reflects the load level of the grid and determines the grid's demand for energy and its support capacity.

[0092] The amount of renewable energy can be the total amount of renewable energy generation in the grid. The amount of renewable energy reflects the proportion and contribution of clean energy in the grid. A high proportion of renewable energy means less mechanical inertia, which increases the demand for virtual inertia to compensate for the missing physical inertia. The penetration impact coefficient can be the degree of influence of the penetration of renewable energy in the grid on the operation of the grid.

[0093] Specifically, sensors and monitoring equipment are used to collect relevant data of the flywheel energy storage system, and the collected data are processed and analyzed to determine the inertia characteristics of each flywheel. Based on the data analysis results, the inertia characteristics (such as rotational inertia) of each flywheel and the total energy storage capacity of the energy storage system are determined. By monitoring the real-time data of the grid load, the load capacity of each flywheel, that is, the maximum load that each flywheel can withstand, is determined. The rotational inertia of each flywheel is calculated based on the inertia characteristics and physical characteristics of the flywheel. The grid inertia coefficient is calculated using the rotational inertia of each flywheel and the maximum power of the system. This coefficient reflects the grid's resistance to frequency changes. Based on the total energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel, the grid scale factor is determined. This factor characterizes the overall scale and load distribution of the grid. By monitoring the renewable energy power generation in the grid, real-time data of renewable energy is obtained. Based on the amount of renewable energy and the total energy storage, their proportion in the total energy of the grid is calculated to obtain the penetration influence coefficient of the amount of renewable energy. The virtual inertia is calculated by combining the grid inertia coefficient, grid scale factor, penetration influence coefficient, real-time monitoring of grid frequency and maximum power.

[0094] Through this solution, by real-time analysis of the grid status and flywheel energy storage system data, it is possible to quickly respond to grid frequency changes and improve grid stability; based on the grid load connection status and the inertia characteristics of the flywheel, the management of the flywheel energy storage system can be optimized to ensure that the load capacity of each flywheel is fully utilized. Determining the grid inertia coefficient and grid scale factor can enhance the flywheel energy storage system's ability in grid frequency regulation, allowing it to respond more effectively to grid frequency fluctuations. By calculating the penetration impact coefficient of renewable energy, the access of renewable energy can be better managed and its penetration rate in the grid can be increased. According to the calculation results of virtual inertia, the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in real time to more accurately meet the grid frequency regulation needs. By determining the rotational inertia and load capacity of each flywheel, the response speed of the flywheel energy storage system to grid frequency changes can be improved, allowing it to intervene in grid frequency regulation more quickly. By optimizing the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system, the amplitude of grid frequency changes can be reduced, reducing the impact of grid fluctuations on users and equipment. By adjusting the operation of the flywheel energy storage system in real time, the operation efficiency of the grid can be improved and energy loss can be reduced. The calculation of virtual inertia and real-time adjustment strategy enable the flywheel energy storage system to better adapt to the dynamic changes of the grid and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the grid.

[0095] In some embodiments, the virtual inertia is determined based on the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitoring grid frequency and the maximum power, and is calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0096] (1)

[0097] in, represents virtual inertia; Indicates the maximum power; Indicates real-time monitoring of power grid frequency; Indicates the inertia coefficient of the power grid; represents the grid size factor; Represents the permeability influence coefficient.

[0098] Specifically, the grid inertia coefficient Represents the grid's ability to resist frequency changes. The greater the grid's inertia, the slower it responds to frequency changes. In a grid, grid inertia is mainly determined by the generator's rotational inertia. Grid size factor Represents the size or capacity of the power grid. The larger the size of the power grid, the stronger its energy storage capacity. Therefore, for the same power change, the frequency change will be smaller. Based on the dynamic response method, the grid size factor is determined: ; Permeability influence coefficient It expresses the penetration effect of intermittent energy such as renewable energy on the stability of grid frequency. The instability of renewable energy may lead to increased fluctuations in grid frequency, so this coefficient reflects the extent of this impact; Maximum power It is the maximum power output that the flywheel energy storage system can provide; real-time monitoring of grid frequency It is the deviation of the grid frequency from the set frequency. The frequency change of the grid is proportional to the power output of the flywheel system, that is, the greater the frequency change, the greater the power required by the flywheel system. Therefore, It represents the product of the maximum power that the flywheel system needs to provide when the grid frequency changes, the inertia characteristics of the grid, and the scale capacity. It can evaluate the maximum support power that the flywheel system needs to provide under the scale and inertia characteristics of the grid. The denominator It indicates that the actual change range of the grid frequency is determined according to the penetration effect of intermittent energy such as renewable energy on the stability of grid frequency. Finally, the virtual inertia The calculation result reflects the equivalent inertia of the synchronous generator that the flywheel system needs to simulate in order to offset the frequency change of the power grid; the equivalent virtual inertia that the flywheel system needs to simulate is obtained, so as to achieve a response similar to the frequency change of the synchronous generator in the power grid. According to the physical characteristics of the power grid and the inertia characteristics of the flywheel energy storage system, the power grid inertia coefficient is calculated; according to the overall scale and load distribution of the power grid, the power grid scale factor is calculated; according to the power generation of renewable energy in the power grid and its impact on the power grid frequency, the penetration influence coefficient is calculated; the change of the power grid frequency is monitored in real time to determine the frequency change amplitude within a specific time window; according to the design parameters and real-time operation data of the flywheel energy storage system, the maximum power that the system can output is determined; the parameters obtained by the above calculation are substituted into formula (1) to calculate the virtual inertia.

[0099] Through this solution, the operation strategy of the flywheel energy storage system can be adjusted in real time according to the real-time status of the power grid, including real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency, the impact of the penetration of renewable energy, etc., to improve the flexibility and adaptability of the system; by accurately calculating the virtual inertia, the flywheel energy storage system can more effectively simulate the inertial response of the synchronous generator, enhance the power grid's resistance to frequency fluctuations, and thus improve the stability of the power grid; the calculation of virtual inertia enables the flywheel energy storage system to respond to changes in the power grid frequency more quickly and accurately, and improve the efficiency and effect of frequency regulation; considering the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy, the calculation of virtual inertia helps to better integrate renewable energy and improve the power grid's ability to accept renewable energy; especially in the case of tight frequency regulation resources, providing virtual inertia through the flywheel energy storage system can reduce dependence on traditional synchronous generators.

[0100] In some embodiments, historical change records are obtained and analyzed, and based on the record analysis results, the synchronization effect of the virtual synchronous machine on the grid frequency change and the stability effect of each flywheel's response speed on the grid are determined; based on the synchronization effect and the stability effect, the proportional gain is determined; the set frequency of the grid is obtained; and based on real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined.

[0101] The historical change record can be a document or database that records the changes in key parameters such as grid frequency, load, and power generation over a period of time.

[0102] The synchronization impact can be the response capability and impact degree of the virtual synchronous machine to the change of the grid frequency.

[0103] The stabilizing effect can be the impact of the response speed and regulation capability of the flywheel energy storage system on the stability of the power grid.

[0104] The proportional gain may be a control parameter for adjusting the proportional relationship between the output power of the virtual synchronous machine and the change in grid frequency.

[0105] Specifically, collect and organize historical data on grid frequency changes; conduct a detailed analysis of the collected historical data to determine the synchronization impact of the virtual synchronous machine on grid frequency changes; analyze the impact of the response speed of each flywheel on grid stability; based on the analysis results, determine the degree of synchronization impact of the virtual synchronous machine on grid frequency changes; determine the degree of impact of the response speed of each flywheel on grid stability; based on the results of synchronization impact and stability impact, determine the proportional gain used to adjust the response ratio of the virtual synchronous machine; determine the standard operating frequency of the grid, usually 50Hz or 60Hz, depending on the standard of the grid; monitor the changes in grid frequency in real time to determine the current frequency change amplitude; calculate the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine.

[0106] Through this solution, by adjusting the intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine in real time, the flywheel energy storage system can respond to the fluctuation of the grid frequency more quickly, thereby improving the stability of the grid and reducing the impact of frequency fluctuations on user equipment and system safety; the calculation of real-time intervention frequency enables the flywheel energy storage system to participate in grid frequency regulation more effectively, improving the response speed and efficiency of frequency regulation; by analyzing historical change records, the performance of the virtual synchronous machine and the flywheel energy storage system can be more accurately understood, thereby optimizing the system configuration and operating parameters; the real-time adjustment strategy helps to reduce energy waste caused by frequency fluctuations and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the grid; the calculation of real-time intervention frequency enables the flywheel energy storage system to better adapt to the dynamic changes of the grid; through the adjustment of real-time intervention frequency, the flywheel energy storage system can provide additional stability support in the event of a grid failure or emergency, thereby improving the safety of the system.

[0107] In some embodiments, the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined based on the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, and is calculated according to the following formula (2):

[0108] (2)

[0109] in, Indicates the real-time intervention frequency; represents proportional gain; Indicates the set frequency; Indicates real-time monitoring of power grid frequency.

[0110] Specifically, real-time monitoring of grid frequency The deviation of the current grid frequency from the set frequency, which can be positive (frequency increase) or negative (frequency decrease). : The rated or target frequency of the grid, usually 50Hz or 60Hz, depending on the country and region; Proportional gain : An adjustment parameter used to control the sensitivity of the virtual synchronous machine to changes in the grid frequency. The higher the proportional gain, the more sensitive the virtual synchronous machine is and the greater the change in the intervention frequency. According to control theory, the basic idea of ​​the proportional controller is to make the control action proportional to the error, which is the difference between the actual value of the grid frequency and the target value. Calculate the frequency deviation :First, it is necessary to determine the deviation between the current grid frequency and the set frequency. This deviation is the input of the control action, which indicates the direction and magnitude of the grid frequency adjustment. Then, the frequency deviation is multiplied by the proportional gain The role of the proportional gain is to amplify the frequency deviation, thereby determining the intensity of the control action. This product It is the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine. Calculation results It represents the power output that the virtual synchronous machine needs to generate in order to correct the grid frequency deviation. The value of the intervention frequency will be used to control the charging and discharging of the flywheel energy storage system, thereby simulating the behavior of the synchronous generator and stabilizing the grid frequency. The frequency data of the grid is monitored and collected in real time to determine the standard operating frequency of the grid, calculate the deviation between the current grid frequency and the set frequency, determine the value of the proportional gain based on historical data analysis or pre-set parameters, substitute the frequency deviation and proportional gain into formula (2), and calculate the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine.

[0111] Through this solution, by calculating and adjusting the real-time intervention frequency, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly respond to fluctuations in the grid frequency, help the grid return to the set frequency, and thus improve the stability of the grid. The real-time intervention frequency calculation enables the virtual synchronous machine to quickly intervene in the grid frequency modulation, reducing the duration of frequency fluctuations and improving the dynamic response speed of the grid; through real-time adjustment, the flywheel energy storage system can more effectively utilize its energy storage capacity, optimize the overall performance of the system, and reduce unnecessary energy consumption; the real-time adjustment of the proportional gain can be optimized according to the real-time state of the grid, making the response of the flywheel energy storage system more accurate and efficient; by quickly responding to frequency fluctuations, the risk of grid overload and failure can be reduced, and the safe operation level of the grid can be improved.

[0112] In some embodiments, the frequency deviation is determined based on real-time monitoring of the grid frequency; the frequency deviation is compared with a preset intervention threshold; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power, intervention is determined; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power, the real-time intervention frequency is adjusted to the maximum power and intervention is performed; when the frequency deviation is less than the preset intervention threshold, no intervention is performed.

[0113] The frequency deviation may be the difference between the actual operating frequency of the power grid and the set set frequency.

[0114] The preset intervention threshold may be a critical value of a frequency deviation. When the grid frequency deviation exceeds the threshold, the virtual synchronous machine is started to adjust the frequency and the frequency is stored in a preset database.

[0115] Specifically, the grid frequency is monitored in real time and compared with the set frequency of the grid, the frequency deviation is calculated, and an intervention threshold of the frequency deviation is set according to the operating characteristics and safety requirements of the grid, and the calculated frequency deviation is compared with the preset intervention threshold; the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is calculated using the preset proportional gain and the set frequency of the grid, as well as the real-time monitored grid frequency; the real-time intervention frequency is compared with the maximum power output limit of the flywheel energy storage system.

[0116] If the frequency deviation is greater than the intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power, intervention is determined. If the frequency deviation is greater than the intervention threshold, but the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power, the real-time intervention frequency is adjusted to the maximum power and intervention is performed. If the frequency deviation is less than the intervention threshold, no intervention is performed.

[0117] Through this solution, by real-time monitoring of grid frequency changes and determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine based on this, it is possible to quickly respond to grid frequency fluctuations, help the grid recover and maintain the set frequency, and thus improve the stability of the grid frequency; the calculation and adjustment of the real-time intervention frequency enables the virtual synchronous machine to quickly intervene in grid frequency regulation, reducing the duration of frequency fluctuations and improving the response speed and efficiency of grid frequency regulation; according to grid frequency changes and power output limitations, the energy storage capacity of the flywheel energy storage system can be more effectively utilized, the overall performance of the system can be optimized, and unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced; the real-time adjustment of the proportional gain (K_p) can be optimized according to the real-time state of the grid, making the response of the flywheel energy storage system more accurate and efficient; with the access of renewable energy and changes in load, the complexity of the grid increases. The calculation of the real-time intervention frequency helps to adapt to this complexity and improve the adaptability of the grid.

[0118] In some embodiments, the current total energy storage of several flywheels is determined based on the second data analysis result; the energy storage status of several flywheels is determined based on the total energy storage of all flywheels and the current total energy storage; the flywheel operation data is acquired and analyzed, and the working status of each flywheel is determined based on the operation data analysis result; the working status of each flywheel is input into a preset status evaluation model, and based on the evaluation result, it is determined whether any flywheel is working abnormally; if not, the currently available energy storage space is determined based on the energy storage status; and the bufferable storage unit is determined based on the real-time intervention frequency and the currently available storage space.

[0119] The current total energy storage may be the total energy stored by all flywheels in the flywheel energy storage system at a certain moment. The energy storage state may be the energy storage level of each flywheel, usually expressed as a percentage, e.g., the energy storage state of a flywheel may be 75%, meaning that it has stored 75% of its maximum capacity. Flywheel operation data may be specific data reflecting the real-time operation of the flywheel, including parameters such as the speed, temperature, current, and voltage of the flywheel. The working state may be the operating mode of the flywheel at a certain moment, such as "charging", "discharging", "standby" or "maintenance". The preset state assessment model may be an algorithm or logical framework for analyzing the operating data of the flywheel and assessing whether its working state is normal, stored in a preset database. The currently available energy storage space may be the total amount of additional energy that can be stored by all flywheels in the flywheel energy storage system in the current state.

[0120] Specifically, the operating data of each flywheel is collected from the monitoring system of the flywheel energy storage system, and the current total energy storage of each flywheel is calculated based on the collected data; the total energy storage of all flywheels is summarized, and the current total energy storage of each flywheel is compared with the total energy storage of all flywheels to determine the energy storage status of each flywheel; the real-time operating data of each flywheel is collected, and the operating data is analyzed to determine the working status of each flywheel; the working status of each flywheel is input into a preset status assessment model; if the assessment result shows that there is an abnormality, further analysis and correction are performed; if there is no abnormality, the currently available energy storage space is determined based on the energy storage status of each flywheel; and the storage unit that can be used for buffering is determined in combination with the currently available storage space and the real-time intervention frequency.

[0121] Through this solution, by analyzing the state of the flywheel in real time, it is possible to ensure that each flywheel is in the best working state, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the entire flywheel energy storage system; according to the real-time frequency requirements of the power grid, the energy storage and release strategies of the flywheel energy storage system are dynamically adjusted to enhance the frequency regulation capability of the power grid and improve the stability of the power grid; according to the energy storage state of the flywheel and the needs of the power grid, the energy storage distribution is optimized to ensure the stability of the power grid frequency and the safety of the flywheel energy storage system; by real-time monitoring and adjustment of the working state of the flywheel, unnecessary energy loss can be reduced and energy utilization efficiency can be improved; through real-time monitoring and abnormality detection of the flywheel state, the working abnormalities of the flywheel can be discovered and corrected in time, improving the reliability and safety of the entire flywheel energy storage system; based on the automatic analysis and management of the correction strategy, manual intervention can be reduced, the automatic management of the flywheel energy storage system can be realized, and the management efficiency can be improved.

[0122] In some embodiments, power grid data is acquired, analyzed, and power grid change nodes are determined; based on the power grid change nodes, the power grid change time is determined; based on the power grid change time, the power grid change frequency is determined; the power grid change frequency is compared with a preset change threshold, and if the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, it is determined that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations.

[0123] A grid change node may be a specific moment or point where the grid state changes significantly, such as a sudden change in grid load, a rapid fluctuation in grid frequency, or a large change in voltage when the amount of renewable energy generation changes suddenly. A grid change time may be a specific moment when the grid state changes, such as a peak load moment in a day, or the time when an event occurs, such as a grid failure or switching operation. A grid change frequency may be the number of times the grid state changes per unit time, which is used to measure the frequency of grid state fluctuations. A preset change threshold may be a standard or limit used to determine whether the grid state change exceeds a normal range.

[0124] Specifically, real-time data including voltage, frequency, load, phase angle and other parameters are collected from the power grid monitoring system, and the collected power grid data is analyzed in real time, and data smoothing and filtering techniques are used to remove noise and extract useful signals; the processed data are analyzed to identify nodes where the power grid state has changed significantly, which may indicate a sudden change in the power grid state or a change in trend. In order to determine the immediacy of the power grid state change, the time points at which these changes occur are recorded according to the power grid change nodes, the intervals between the power grid change time points are analyzed, and the frequency of power grid state changes is calculated; the calculated power grid change frequency is compared with a preset change threshold set based on power grid operation experience and safety requirements. If the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, it is determined that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations.

[0125] Through this solution, by acquiring and analyzing power grid data, it is possible to monitor the dynamic changes of the power grid in real time, so as to have a more accurate understanding of the real-time status of the power grid; it is possible to promptly detect abnormal fluctuations in the power grid and take corresponding frequency modulation measures, which is helpful to maintain the frequency stability of the power grid and improve the operational stability of the power grid; by identifying the nodes and times of power grid changes, it is possible to respond more quickly to changes in power grid frequency and optimize the frequency modulation response speed and effect of the flywheel energy storage system; early detection of abnormal power grid fluctuations helps prevent possible power grid failures and reduce large-scale power outages and equipment damage caused by power grid problems; real-time analysis of the frequency of power grid changes and comparison with the preset threshold can help the flywheel energy storage system adjust the frequency modulation strategy according to the actual situation of the power grid, making it more adaptable to the needs of the power grid.

[0126] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a flywheel energy storage management system based on PLC is provided in one embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the PLC-based flywheel energy storage management system 300 of this embodiment includes: a state analysis module 301 , a fluctuation analysis module 302 , a strategy analysis module 303 , a buffer analysis module 304 , and an energy storage analysis module 305 .

[0127] The state analysis module 301 is used to obtain the first monitoring data of the first sensor and the second monitoring data of the second sensor; determine the flywheel state and the power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data;

[0128] A fluctuation analysis module 302 is used to determine whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations according to the power grid state;

[0129] A strategy analysis module 303 is used to determine a correction strategy based on the PLC and the power grid state if it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation;

[0130] A buffer analysis module 304, configured to analyze the flywheel state based on the correction strategy, and determine a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result;

[0131] The energy storage analysis module 305 is used to smooth the grid fluctuations to perform flywheel energy storage according to the grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit.

[0132] Optionally, the strategy analysis module 303 is specifically used to:

[0133] Analyze the second monitoring data, and determine the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system according to the second data analysis result; analyze the power grid state to determine the real-time monitoring power grid frequency and power grid load connection status with abnormal fluctuations; determine the virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the power grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring power grid frequency; determine the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitoring power grid frequency; determine the power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency according to the maximum power and the response speed; determine the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine according to the virtual inertia and the power output limit; use the virtual inertia, the power output limit and the intervention timing as the correction strategy.

[0134] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module 303 determines the virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring grid frequency, it is used to:

[0135] According to the second data analysis result, the inertia characteristics of the several flywheels and the total energy storage of all flywheels are determined; according to the grid load connection status, the load capacity of each flywheel is determined; according to the inertia characteristics, the rotational inertia of each flywheel is determined; according to the rotational inertia and the maximum power, the grid inertia coefficient is determined; according to the total energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel, the grid scale factor is determined; the renewable energy amount of the grid is obtained, and according to the renewable energy amount, the energy proportion of the total energy storage and the renewable energy amount is calculated to obtain the penetration influence coefficient of the renewable energy amount; according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power, the virtual inertia is determined.

[0136] Optionally, the strategy analysis module 303 determines the virtual inertia according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power, and calculates according to the following formula:

[0137] ;

[0138] in, represents the virtual inertia; represents the maximum power; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; represents the inertia coefficient of the power grid; represents the grid size factor; represents the penetration influence coefficient.

[0139] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module 303 determines the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency, it is used to:

[0140] Obtain and analyze historical change records, and determine, based on the record analysis results, the synchronization effect of the virtual synchronous machine on the grid frequency change and the stability effect of each flywheel's response speed on the grid; determine the proportional gain based on the synchronization effect and the stability effect; obtain the set frequency of the grid; and determine the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine based on the real-time monitoring grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency.

[0141] Optionally, the strategy analysis module 303 determines the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitored grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, and calculates it according to the following formula:

[0142] ;

[0143] in, Indicates the real-time intervention frequency; represents the proportional gain; Indicates the set frequency; Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency.

[0144] Optionally, when the strategy analysis module 303 determines the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine according to the virtual inertia and the power output limit, it is used to:

[0145] According to the real-time monitoring of the grid frequency, the frequency deviation is determined; the frequency deviation is compared with a preset intervention threshold; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power, intervention is determined; when the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power, the real-time intervention frequency is adjusted to the maximum power and intervention is performed; when the frequency deviation is less than the preset intervention threshold, no intervention is performed.

[0146] Optionally, the buffer analysis module 304 is specifically used to:

[0147] According to the second data analysis result, the current total energy storage of the several flywheels is determined; according to the total energy storage of all the flywheels and the current total energy storage, the energy storage status of the several flywheels is determined; the flywheel operation data is acquired and analyzed, and the working status of each flywheel is determined according to the operation data analysis result; the working status of each flywheel is input into a preset status evaluation model, and according to the evaluation result, it is determined whether any flywheel is working abnormally; if not, the currently available energy storage space is determined according to the energy storage status; and the bufferable storage unit is determined according to the real-time intervention frequency and the currently available storage space.

[0148] Optionally, the fluctuation analysis module 302 is specifically used for:

[0149] Acquire power grid data, analyze the power grid data, determine power grid change nodes; determine power grid change time based on the power grid change node; determine power grid change frequency based on the power grid change time; compare the power grid change frequency with a preset change threshold, and if the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, determine that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations.

[0150] The system of this embodiment can be used to execute the method of any of the above embodiments. The implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A flywheel energy storage management method based on PLC, characterized in that: The flywheel energy storage management method is applied to a flywheel energy storage management device, which includes a plurality of first sensors, a plurality of second sensors, a plurality of flywheels, a power grid, and a server; the plurality of first sensors are arranged in the power grid; The plurality of second sensors are arranged in a plurality of flywheels; The flywheel energy storage management method is applied to the server, and the method comprises: Acquire first monitoring data of the first sensor and second monitoring data of the second sensor; determine the flywheel state and the power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; Determining whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations according to the power grid state; If it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation, determining a correction strategy based on the PLC and according to the power grid state; Based on the correction strategy, analyzing the flywheel state, and determining a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result; smoothing grid fluctuations to perform flywheel energy storage according to the grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit; The determining of a correction strategy based on the PLC and according to the flywheel state includes: Analyze the second monitoring data, and determine the maximum power and response speed of the flywheel energy storage system according to the second data analysis result; Analyze the power grid status to determine if there are abnormal fluctuations in real-time monitoring of power grid frequency and power grid load connection status; Determining virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitored grid frequency; Determining the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; Determining a power output limit of the real-time intervention frequency according to the maximum power and the response speed; Determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine according to the virtual inertia and the power output limit; Using the virtual inertia, the power output limit and the intervention timing as the correction strategy; The determining of the virtual inertia according to the maximum power, the grid load connection status and the real-time monitoring grid frequency includes: Determining the inertia characteristics of the plurality of flywheels and the total energy storage of all flywheels according to the second data analysis result; Determining the load capacity of each flywheel according to the grid load connection condition; determining the moment of inertia of each flywheel according to the inertia characteristics; Determining a power grid inertia coefficient according to the moment of inertia and the maximum power; Determining a grid scale factor based on the total amount of energy storage and the load capacity of each flywheel; Obtaining the amount of renewable energy of the power grid, calculating the energy ratio of the total energy storage to the amount of renewable energy according to the amount of renewable energy, and obtaining a penetration influence coefficient of the amount of renewable energy; The virtual inertia is determined according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The virtual inertia is determined according to the grid inertia coefficient, the grid scale factor, the penetration influence coefficient, the real-time monitored grid frequency and the maximum power, and is calculated according to the following formula: Among them, J v represents the virtual inertia; P max represents the maximum power; Δf represents the real-time monitored grid frequency; α represents the grid inertia coefficient; β represents the grid scale factor; γ represents the penetration influence coefficient.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine according to the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency includes: Obtain and analyze historical change records, and determine the synchronization effect of the virtual synchronous machine on the frequency change of the power grid and the effect of the response speed of each flywheel on the stability of the power grid according to the record analysis results; Determining a proportional gain according to the synchronization influence and the stabilization influence; Obtaining a set frequency of the power grid; The real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined according to the real-time monitored grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The real-time intervention frequency of the virtual synchronous machine is determined according to the real-time monitoring grid frequency, the proportional gain and the set frequency, and is calculated according to the following formula: P vsm =K p ·(f set -f measured ); Among them, P vsm represents the real-time intervention frequency; K p represents the proportional gain; f set Indicates the set frequency; f measured Indicates the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of determining the intervention timing of the virtual synchronous machine according to the virtual inertia and the power output limit includes: Determining frequency deviation according to the real-time monitoring of the power grid frequency; comparing the frequency deviation with a preset intervention threshold; When the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is less than or equal to the maximum power, determining intervention; When the frequency deviation is greater than the preset intervention threshold and the real-time intervention frequency is greater than the maximum power, adjusting the real-time intervention frequency to the maximum power and performing intervention; When the frequency deviation is less than the preset intervention threshold, no intervention is performed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of analyzing the flywheel state based on the correction strategy and determining a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result includes: Determining the current total energy storage of the plurality of flywheels according to the second data analysis result; Determining the energy storage status of the flywheels according to the total energy storage of all the flywheels and the current total energy storage; Acquire and analyze the flywheel operation data, and determine the working status of each flywheel according to the analysis results of the operation data; Inputting the working state of each flywheel into a preset state evaluation model, and determining whether any flywheel is working abnormally according to the evaluation result; If not, determining the currently available energy storage space according to the energy storage state; A bufferable storage unit is determined according to the real-time intervention frequency and the currently available storage space.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining, according to the state of the power grid, whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations includes: Acquire power grid data, analyze the power grid data, and determine power grid change nodes; Determining a power grid change time according to the power grid change node; Determining a power grid change frequency according to the power grid change time; The power grid change frequency is compared with a preset change threshold, and if the power grid change frequency is greater than the preset change threshold, it is determined that the power grid has abnormal fluctuations.

8. A flywheel energy storage management system based on PLC, characterized in that: The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: A state analysis module, configured to obtain first monitoring data of the first sensor and second monitoring data of the second sensor; and determine a flywheel state and a power grid state according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; A fluctuation analysis module, used to determine whether the power grid has abnormal fluctuations according to the power grid state; A strategy analysis module, for determining a correction strategy based on the PLC and the power grid state if it is determined that there is an abnormal fluctuation; A buffer analysis module, used to analyze the flywheel state based on the correction strategy, and determine a bufferable storage unit according to the state analysis result; The energy storage analysis module is used to smooth the grid fluctuations to perform flywheel energy storage according to the grid state, the correction strategy and the bufferable storage unit.

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