Multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetable crops

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and discloses a root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device which comprises a rack, a controller, advancing mechanisms, a clamping and conveying mechanism, a soil loosening mechanism and a fertilizing mechanism. The clamping and conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism are arranged at the two ends of the rack respectively, the soil loosening mechanism is arranged below the conveying end of the clamping and conveying mechanism, the clamping and conveying mechanism obliquely and upwards clamps radishes and then conveys the radishes backwards, and a soil cleaning assembly and a stem and leaf cutting assembly are arranged on the clamping and conveying mechanism. A collecting box and a falling slide way are arranged on the two sides of the output end of the clamping and conveying mechanism respectively, radishes are conveyed through the clamping and conveying mechanism, soil on the surface and stems and leaves at the ends are sequentially removed through the soil cleaning assembly and the stem and leaf cutting assembly, the removed stems and leaves fall into the field through the falling slide way, and the radishes fall into the collecting box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and in particular to a multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetable crops. Background Art

[0002] Although my country ranks first in the world in terms of carrot planting area and output, the current harvesting method is still mainly manual, with low harvesting efficiency. Intelligent and mechanized carrot harvesting methods still need to be developed.

[0003] Compared with crawler-type carrot harvesters, other wheeled harvesters are suitable for a single terrain, and their harvesting efficiency in complex terrain is much lower than that of crawler-type carrot harvesters. At present, most carrot harvesters on the market require manual driving and control, and the time cost of workers is high. The price of large carrot harvesters on the market is relatively high. Some models are even more expensive than traditional carrot harvesting tools. This makes it difficult for some farmers to bear such costs. At the same time, large carrot harvesters generate more serious pollutants such as noise, dust and exhaust gas when working, which causes certain pollution to the environment. In addition, large harvesters occupy a large area and are difficult to adapt to small sites such as greenhouses and small planting farms. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetables. The device can automatically pull out radishes, clean the soil, cut off stems and leaves, and collect radishes by automatically walking in the field, thereby realizing automatic harvesting of carrots, reducing the labor intensity of staff and improving harvesting efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetables, comprising a frame, a controller, a traveling mechanism, a clamping and conveying mechanism, a loosening mechanism and a fertilizing mechanism, wherein the traveling mechanism is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the frame, the clamping and conveying mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism are respectively arranged at both ends of the frame, the loosening mechanism is arranged below the conveying end of the clamping and conveying mechanism, the clamping and conveying mechanism clamps the radish obliquely upward and then conveys it backward, the clamping and conveying mechanism is provided with a soil cleaning component and a stem and leaf cutting component, and a collecting box and a falling slide are respectively arranged on both sides of the output end of the clamping and conveying mechanism, the radish is transported through the clamping and conveying mechanism, the soil cleaning component and the stem and leaf cutting component remove the surface soil and the end stems and leaves in turn, the removed stems and leaves fall to the field via the falling slide, and the radish falls into the collecting box.

[0006] It can be seen from the above scheme that the travel mechanism is used to drive the travel action on the field, the loosening mechanism is used to loosen the soil blocks near the radish to be pulled out to facilitate the subsequent mechanism to pull out the radish, the clamping and conveying mechanism pulls out the radish by conveying the root vegetables from bottom to top, the stem and leaf cutting component is used to cut the end stems and leaves of the root vegetables during the transportation process, the soil cleaning component is used to clean the soil on the surface of the root vegetables, the collecting box is used to collect the radish body, the falling slide is convenient for the cut stems and leaves to slide onto the field, and the guide and extraction frame group is used to guide and gather the crops before transportation at the end of the conveying component, and gather them to the surrounding areas. The scattered radish leaves are gathered to the middle, and the radish is pulled out through the end of the conveying component. After the radish is pulled out of the soil, it is conveyed obliquely backward. The present invention completes the process of removing the radish floating soil and cutting off the end stems and leaves while pulling out the root crops, and collects the radishes in a centralized manner, thereby realizing automatic harvesting of carrots, reducing the labor intensity of the staff, and improving the harvesting efficiency. While harvesting the radish, since the soil fertility after the harvest of the crop is low, the fertilizing mechanism performs fertilization operation on the harvested soil to supplement the soil fertility and provide nutrient guarantee for the cultivation of the next season of crops. The present invention combines crop harvesting with a fertilizing mechanism, reduces the separate fertilization link, and improves the cultivation efficiency.

[0007] The clamping conveying mechanism includes a transmission box, two sets of conveying frames arranged opposite to each other, a driving pulley arranged on the conveying frames, a plurality of driven pulleys, a conveyor belt and a feed wheel, the transmission box is arranged at the top of the conveying frame, the conveying frame is tilted on the frame through a limit mounting frame, the driving pulley is connected to the output end of the transmission box, and the driving pulley is connected to the driven pulley and the feed wheel through the conveyor belt. It can be seen that the transmission box is used to provide power to the conveying assembly and the stem and leaf cutting assembly, and the driving pulley drives the driven pulley and the feed wheel to rotate through the conveyor belt, so as to realize the upward conveyance of the radish leaves.

[0008] The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a rotary box arranged below the fertilizer box, a driving motor, and a material distribution turntable arranged in the rotary box. The rotary box is connected to the frame through a mounting frame. A feed port is arranged at the top of the fertilizer box. A speed regulator is arranged between the rotary box and the fertilizer box. The driving motor is fixed on the mounting frame. A discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the rotary box. It can be seen that the fertilizer box is used to install fertilizer, the feed port is used to load the fertilizer box, the material distribution turntable is used to rotate in the rotary box, the driving motor is used to drive the material distribution turntable to rotate so as to achieve intermittent dispersed fertilization of fertilizer, the material distribution turntable plays the role of dispersing fertilizer, so that the fertilizer moves in a circle in the material distribution turntable, the driving motor controls the speed of the material distribution turntable by adjusting the speed, so as to adjust the spacing of fertilization. The present invention can save labor costs and improve agricultural efficiency, while ensuring the uniform distribution of fertilizers and improving the nutrient absorption of crops.

[0009] The loosening mechanism includes a compressed air bottle arranged on the frame mounting plate, two groups of loosening modules symmetrically arranged on the front side of the mounting plate, the loosening module includes a driving cylinder, a special-shaped connecting rod, a rotating shaft and a loosening plow, the compressed air bottle is connected to the driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is connected to the bottom of the mounting plate, the rotating shaft and the special-shaped connecting rod are respectively hinged between the mounting plate and the loosening seat, the output end of the driving cylinder is hinged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the loosening plow is connected to the loosening seat. It can be seen that the compressed air bottle is used to provide a power source, and the loosening mechanism is used for loosening the soil during the movement of the device, the purpose of which is to loosen the soil on both sides of the radish planting ridge and reduce the gripping force of the radish roots on the soil, so as to more easily pull up the radish for subsequent work.

[0010] The soil cleaning assembly includes two soil cleaning brushes arranged opposite to each other below the conveying frame, the soil cleaning brushes are coaxially connected to the lower side of the driven pulley, and the soil cleaning brushes are arranged vertically. It can be seen that when the conveying wheel rotates to convey the radish, the two groups of soil cleaning brushes are driven to rotate to brush off the dirt on the surface of the radish to achieve cleaning.

[0011] The transmission box includes a box body, a transmission motor is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the output end of the transmission motor is coaxially connected with a worm part in the box body, a transmission rod is arranged transversely in the box body, both ends of the transmission rod are connected to the inner wall of the box body through bearings, a turbine part meshing with the worm part is coaxially arranged on the transmission rod, the transmission rod is coaxially connected with a first bevel gear on both sides of the turbine part, a second bevel gear is meshing with the first bevel gear below, the second bevel gear is coaxially connected with a transmission shaft, and the driving pulley is connected to the transmission shaft. It can be seen that the transmission motor drives the worm part to rotate, and after the turbine and worm are meshed, the two groups of first bevel gears are driven to rotate, and the output end of the transmission motor rotates by meshing the two groups of the transmission shafts, driving the driving pulley to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor to realize transmission, which is convenient for the transportation of crops such as radishes.

[0012] The stem and leaf cutting component includes a first transmission wheel, a second transmission wheel connected to the first transmission wheel through a conveyor belt transmission, and a rotating blade, the second transmission wheel is coaxially connected to the lower side of the driving pulley through the transmission shaft, the rotating blade is coaxially connected to the first transmission wheel, the rotating blade is arranged between the conveyor belt and the conveyor belt, and the rotating blade is arranged parallel to the conveyor frame. It can be seen that the second transmission wheel is coaxially connected to the driving synchronous pulley to realize power transmission, the first transmission shaft is used to drive the rotating blade to rotate, and the rotating blade is transported and rotated in the conveying component, so as to cut off the stems and leaves at the end of the radish.

[0013] Both sides of the bottom of the two groups of conveyor frames are connected with guide frames, and the two groups of guide frames are set in an eight-shaped closing configuration. The bottom of the guide frame is connected to the conveyor frame through a limit mounting block, and the limit mounting block is connected to a limit column. The guide frame is connected to the conveyor frame through the limit mounting block, and the limit column is arranged outside the conveyor belt and tangent to the conveyor belt. It can be seen that the conveyor limit column is used to guide the conveyor belt near the feed wheel at the bend.

[0014] The travel mechanism includes a travel motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a load-bearing wheel and a crawler track. The driving wheel is connected to the output end of the travel motor, the driving wheel is connected to the driven wheel through the crawler track, and the load-bearing wheel is arranged between the driving wheel and the load-bearing wheel. It can be seen that the travel motor is used to drive the driving wheels on both sides of the bottom of the frame, the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate through the crawler track, the load-bearing wheel is used to achieve load-bearing support, and at the same time, it is used to limit the crawler track when rolling on the crawler track guide rail (rail chain link) or crawler track plate surface to prevent lateral slippage. The crawler travel mechanism helps to reduce pressure.

[0015] The bottom of the rotating blade is provided with a first guide slide, the collection box is provided at the outlet end of the first guide slide, and a second guide slide connected to the drop slide is provided correspondingly below the driving pulley. It can be seen that the first guide slide is used to guide the radish to the collection box, and the second slide is used for the stems and leaves to fall to the field via the drop slide. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a clamping and conveying mechanism;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the soil loosening mechanism;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the fertilization mechanism;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission box;

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local structure at point A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention is a multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetables, comprising a frame 1, a controller 10, a traveling mechanism 2, a clamping and conveying mechanism 3, a loosening mechanism 4 and a fertilizing mechanism 5, wherein the traveling mechanism 2 is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the frame 1, the clamping and conveying mechanism 3 and the fertilizing mechanism 5 are respectively arranged at both ends of the frame 1, the loosening mechanism 4 is arranged below the conveying end of the clamping and conveying mechanism 3, the clamping and conveying mechanism 3 clamps the radish obliquely upward and then conveys it backward, the clamping and conveying mechanism 3 is provided with a soil cleaning component 6 and a stem and leaf cutting component 7, and a collecting box 8 and a falling slide 9 are respectively arranged on both sides of the output end of the clamping and conveying mechanism 3, the radish is transported through the clamping and conveying mechanism 3, the soil cleaning component 6 and the stem and leaf cutting component 7 remove the surface soil and the end stems and leaves in turn, the removed stems and leaves fall to the field via the falling slide 9, and the radish falls into the collecting box 8.

[0025] The clamping conveying mechanism 3 includes a transmission box 31, two sets of conveying frames 32 arranged opposite to each other, a driving pulley 33 arranged on the conveying frames 32, a plurality of driven pulleys 34, a conveyor belt 35 and a feed wheel 36. The transmission box 31 is arranged at the top of the conveying frame 32, and the conveying frame 32 is tilted on the frame 1 through a limit mounting frame 30. The driving pulley 33 is connected to the output end of the transmission box 31, and the driving pulley 33 is connected to the driven pulley 34 and the feed wheel 36 through the conveyor belt 35. The surface of the conveyor belt 35 is provided with anti-skid patterns, and the anti-skid patterns are used to increase friction to prevent radishes from falling off when being transported from bottom to top.

[0026] The fertilizing mechanism 5 includes a fertilizer box 51, a rotary box 52 arranged below the fertilizer box 51, a driving motor 53, and a material distribution turntable 54 arranged in the rotary box 52. The rotary box 52 is connected to the frame 1 through a mounting frame 56. A feeding port is arranged at the top of the fertilizer box 51. A speed regulator 55 is arranged between the rotary box 52 and the fertilizer box 51. The driving motor 53 is fixed on the mounting frame 56. A discharge port 57 is arranged at the bottom of the rotary box 52. In this embodiment, the material distribution turntable 54 is arranged in a cross turntable. The material distribution turntable 54 is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 53 through a material distribution shaft 541. A loading trough is arranged between two adjacent material distribution pieces 542 on the material distribution turntable 54 for temporarily storing the fertilizer dropped from the fertilizer box 51.

[0027] The loosening mechanism 4 includes a compressed air bottle 42 arranged on the frame mounting plate 41, two groups of loosening modules symmetrically arranged on the front side of the mounting plate 41, and the loosening module includes a driving cylinder 43, a special-shaped connecting rod 44, a rotating shaft 45 and a loosening plow 46. The compressed air bottle 42 is connected to the driving cylinder 43, and the driving cylinder 43 is connected to the bottom of the mounting plate 41. The rotating shaft 45 and the special-shaped connecting rod 44 are respectively hinged between the mounting plate 41 and the loosening seat 47. The output end of the driving cylinder 43 is hinged to the middle of the rotating shaft 45, and the loosening plow 46 is connected to the loosening seat 47. In this embodiment, the loosening mechanism 4 is bilaterally symmetrical.

[0028] The soil cleaning assembly 6 includes two soil cleaning brushes 61 disposed opposite to each other below the conveying frame 32, the soil cleaning brushes 61 are coaxially connected to the lower side of the driven pulley 34, and the soil cleaning brushes 61 are disposed vertically. In this embodiment, the soil cleaning brush 6 is disposed vertically, includes a brush rod and bristles wound around the brush rod, and the soil cleaning brushes 31 are driven to rotate and clean the dirt on the surface of the radish by the rotation of the driven pulley 34.

[0029] The transmission box 31 includes a box body 311, a transmission motor 312 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 311, the output end of the transmission motor 312 is coaxially connected with a worm part 313 in the box body 311, a transmission rod 314 is transversely arranged in the box body 311, both ends of the transmission rod 314 are connected to the inner wall of the box body 311 through bearings, a turbine part 315 meshing with the worm part 313 is coaxially arranged on the transmission rod 314, the transmission rod 314 is coaxially connected with a first bevel gear 316 on both sides of the turbine part 315, a second bevel gear 317 meshing with the first bevel gear 316 is arranged below the first bevel gear 316, the second bevel gear 317 is coaxially connected with a transmission shaft 318, and the driving pulley 33 is connected to the transmission shaft 318. In this embodiment, the box body 311 is set with an opening on the front side. By adjusting the distance between the first bevel gear 316 on the transmission rod 314 and the turbine part 315, the spacing between the two groups of conveying frames 32 can be adjusted. It is suitable for harvesting and conveying root vegetables of different diameters and has a wide range of applications. The transmission motor 312 adopts an M3508 motor. The motor shaft converts the output shaft into a worm part 53 through a coupling. The size of the worm part 313 is 1 mold 50 teeth. The transmission rod 314 is arranged between the left and right side plates of the box body 311. The worm part 313 drives the turbine part 315 on the transmission rod 314 to rotate. The two first bevel gears 316 are coaxially arranged on both sides of the transmission rod 314 in a vertical direction. The second bevel gear 317 is arranged in a horizontal direction and meshes and rotates with the first bevel gear 315, thereby driving the transmission shaft 318 to rotate. The transmission shaft 318 is coaxially connected to the driving pulley 33, so that the driving pulley 33 drives the conveyor belt 35 to move, thereby realizing the transportation of radishes.

[0030] The stem and leaf cutting assembly 7 includes a first transmission wheel 71, a second transmission wheel 73 connected to the first transmission wheel 71 through a conveyor belt 72, and a rotating blade 74. The second transmission wheel 73 is coaxially connected to the lower side of the active pulley 33 through the transmission shaft 318. The rotating blade 74 is coaxially connected to the first transmission wheel 71. The rotating blade 74 is arranged between the conveyor belt 72 and the conveyor belt 35. The rotating blade 74 is arranged parallel to the conveyor frame 32.

[0031] The two groups of conveying frames 32 are connected to guide frames 11 on both sides of the bottom ends. The two groups of guide frames 11 are set in an eight-shaped closing configuration. The feed wheel 36 is set on the guide frame 11. The bottom of the guide frame 11 is connected to the conveying frame 32 through a limit mounting block 12. The limit mounting block 12 is connected to a limit column 13. The guide frame 11 is connected to the conveying frame 32 through the limit mounting block 12. The limit column 13 is set on the outside of the conveyor belt 35 and is tangent to the conveyor belt 35. In this embodiment, the guide frame 11 is an aluminum profile, and a guide slope is set on the inner side of the aluminum profile. The guide aluminum profiles on both sides form an eight-shaped configuration, which is convenient for guiding and gathering the radishes.

[0032] The traveling mechanism 2 includes a traveling motor 21, a driving wheel 21, a driven wheel 22, a load-bearing wheel 23 and a crawler 24. The driving wheel 21 is connected to the output end of the traveling motor 21, the driving wheel 21 is connected to the driven wheel 22 through the crawler 24, and the load-bearing wheel 23 is arranged between the driving wheel 21 and the load-bearing wheel 23. The crawler structure has higher stability and adaptability, can adapt to more terrains, can better prevent the device from sinking into the mud in real harvesting scenes, and can also provide better power to complete the work.

[0033] A first guide slide 14 is disposed at the bottom of the rotating blade 74 , the collecting box 8 is disposed at the outlet end of the first guide slide 14 , and a second guide slide 15 connected to the falling slide 9 is correspondingly disposed below the driving pulley 33 .

[0034] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the traveling mechanism 2 moves on the field through the crawler 24, and the output shaft of the driving cylinder 43 performs a telescopic action. When the output shaft of the driving cylinder 43 is lifted up, the special-shaped connecting rod 44 lifts up the loosening plow 46, and the loosening plow 46 is raised above the ground. When the output shaft of the driving cylinder 43 is retracted, the loosening plow 46 moves down, thereby loosening the soil. The transmission motor 312 drives the worm part 313 to rotate, and after the worm and the turbine are meshed, the two sets of first bevel gears 316 are driven to rotate, and the second bevel gear 317 is connected with the first bevel gear 317. The gear 316 meshes and drives the two sets of transmission shafts 318 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 318 drives the driving pulley 33 to rotate. The driving pulley 33 drives the driven pulley 34 and the feed wheel 36 to rotate through the conveyor belt 35. The radish is limited between the guide frames 11 on both sides, and the radish leaves scattered around are gathered to the middle. The conveyor belt 35 is clamped between the two sets of conveyor belts 35 after gathering the radish stems and leaves at the end of the guide frame 11, so that the radish is transported obliquely upward by the conveyor belt 35 to perform the extraction and transportation work after extraction. When the radish is pulled out of the soil, the conveyor belts 35 on both sides clamp the stems and leaves at the ends of the radish and convey the radish obliquely backward along the conveyor frame 32. The soil cleaning brush 61 rotates with the driven pulley 34 to brush off the dust on the surface of the radish. At the same time, the transmission shaft 318 drives the active pulley 33 to rotate and drives the rotating blade 74 to rotate, thereby cutting off the stems and leaves at the ends of the radish. The radish body falls to the collection box 8 through the first guide slide 14 for collection. The stem and leaf clamp is arranged in front of the tree hole belt 35 and the transmission belt 72 and continues along the transmission belt 72. It continues to move upward, and after moving to the end of the conveying frame 32, it falls to the field through the second guide slide 15, so as to separate the radish from the stems and leaves. The traveling mechanism 2 continues to realize continuous harvesting of the radishes, and the driving motor 53 drives the dividing turntable 54 in the rotary box 52 to rotate. When the loading trough between the two dividing pieces 542 of the dividing turntable 54 is relative to the discharge port 41 at the bottom of the box 52, the discharge port 57 realizes material discharge, and the fertilizing mechanism 5 fertilizes the soil to supplement the fertility, providing nutrient guarantee for the cultivation of the next crop season.

[0035] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-process integrated harvesting device for root vegetables, comprising a frame (1), a controller (10), a traveling mechanism (2), a gripping and conveying mechanism (3), a soil loosening mechanism (4) and a fertilizing mechanism (5), characterized in that: The traveling mechanism (2) is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the frame (1); the clamping and conveying mechanism (3) and the fertilizing mechanism (5) are respectively arranged at both ends of the frame (1); the loosening mechanism (4) is arranged below the conveying end of the clamping and conveying mechanism (3); the clamping and conveying mechanism (3) clamps the radish in an oblique upward direction and then conveys it backward; a soil cleaning component (6) and a stem and leaf cutting component (7) are arranged on the clamping and conveying mechanism (3); a collecting box (8) and a falling slide (9) are respectively arranged on both sides of the output end of the clamping and conveying mechanism (3); the radish is conveyed by the clamping and conveying mechanism (3); the soil cleaning component (6) and the stem and leaf cutting component (7) remove the surface soil and the end stems and leaves in turn; the removed stems and leaves fall into the field via the falling slide (9); and the radish falls into the collecting box (8).

2. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping conveying mechanism (3) comprises a transmission box (31), two groups of conveying frames (32) arranged opposite to each other, a driving pulley (33) arranged on the conveying frame (32), a plurality of driven pulleys (34), a conveyor belt (35) and a feed wheel (36); the transmission box (31) is arranged at the top of the conveying frame (32); the conveying frame (32) is tiltedly arranged on the frame (1) through a limit mounting frame (30); the driving pulley (33) is connected to the output end of the transmission box (31); and the driving pulley (33) is transmission-connected to the driven pulley (34) and the feed wheel (36) through the conveyor belt (35).

3. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizing mechanism (5) comprises a fertilizer box (51), a rotary box (52) arranged below the fertilizer box (51), a driving motor (53) and a material distribution turntable (54) arranged in the rotary box (52); the rotary box (52) is connected to the frame (1) via a mounting frame (56); a feeding port is arranged at the top of the fertilizer box (51); a speed regulator (55) is arranged in communication between the rotary box (52) and the fertilizer box (51); the driving motor (53) is fixed on the mounting frame (56); the material distribution turntable (54) is connected to the output end of the driving motor (53) via a material distribution shaft (541); and a material discharge port (57) is arranged at the bottom of the rotary box (52).

4. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loosening mechanism (4) comprises a compressed air bottle (42) arranged on the frame mounting plate (41), and two groups of loosening modules symmetrically arranged on the front side of the mounting plate (41); the loosening module comprises a driving cylinder (43), a special-shaped connecting rod (44), a rotating shaft (45) and a loosening plow (46); the compressed air bottle (42) is connected to the driving cylinder (43); the driving cylinder (43) is connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (41); the rotating shaft (45) and the special-shaped connecting rod (44) are respectively hinged between the mounting plate (41) and the loosening seat (47); the output end of the driving cylinder (43) is hinged to the middle part of the rotating shaft (45); and the loosening plow (46) is connected to the loosening seat (47).

5. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil cleaning assembly (6) comprises two soil cleaning brushes (61) arranged opposite to each other below the conveying frame (32); the soil cleaning brushes (61) are coaxially connected below the driven pulley (34); and the soil cleaning brushes (61) are arranged vertically.

6. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission box (31) comprises a box body (311), a transmission motor (312) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (311), an output end of the transmission motor (312) is coaxially connected with a worm part (313) in the box body (311), a transmission rod (314) is transversely arranged in the box body (311), two ends of the transmission rod (314) are connected to the inner wall of the box body (311) through bearings, a turbine part (315) meshing with the worm part (313) is coaxially arranged on the transmission rod (314), the transmission rod (314) is coaxially connected with a first bevel gear (316) on both sides of the turbine part (315), a second bevel gear (317) meshing with the first bevel gear (316) is arranged below the first bevel gear (316), the second bevel gear (317) is coaxially connected with a transmission shaft (318), and the driving pulley (33) is connected to the transmission shaft (318).

7. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stem and leaf cutting component (7) comprises a first transmission wheel (71), a second transmission wheel (73) connected to the first transmission wheel (71) via a conveyor belt (72), and a rotating blade (74); the second transmission wheel (73) is coaxially connected to the lower side of the driving pulley (33) via the transmission shaft (318); the rotating blade (74) is coaxially connected to the first transmission wheel (71); the rotating blade (74) is arranged between the conveyor belt (72) and the conveyor belt (35); and the rotating blade (74) is arranged parallel to the conveyor frame (32).

8. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the bottom ends of the two groups of conveying frames (32) are connected with guide frames (11), and the two groups of guide frames (11) are arranged in an eight-shaped closing shape. The feed wheel (36) is arranged on the guide frame (11), and the bottom of the guide frame (11) is connected to the conveying frame (32) through a limit mounting block (12), and a limit column (13) is connected to the limit mounting block (12). The guide frame (11) is connected to the conveying frame (32) through the limit mounting block (12), and the limit column (13) is arranged on the outside of the conveyor belt (35) and is tangent to the conveyor belt (35).

9. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The travel mechanism (2) comprises a travel motor (21), a driving wheel (21), a driven wheel (22), a load-bearing wheel (23) and a crawler belt (24); the driving wheel (21) is connected to the output end of the travel motor (21); the driving wheel (21) is transmission-connected to the driven wheel (22) via the crawler belt (24); and the load-bearing wheel (23) is arranged between the driving wheel (21) and the load-bearing wheel (23).

10. The root vegetable crop multi-process integrated harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first guide slideway (14) is arranged at the bottom of the rotating blade (74), the collecting box (8) is arranged at the outlet end of the first guide slideway (14), and a second guide slideway (15) connected to the falling slideway (9) is arranged correspondingly below the driving pulley (33).

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