Method for cultivating high-quality black auricularia auricula with residue of pleurotus eryngii

Abstract

A preparation method of an Auricularia auricula cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue is to use Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base material, then spray tannic acid solution for pretreatment, and then inoculate microorganisms for fermentation treatment to obtain fermented Pleurotus eryngii residue. Mix the fermented Pleurotus eryngii residue, sawdust, wheat bran, soybean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate to form a cultivation material. In the present invention, the fermented Pleurotus eryngii residue is pretreated with tannic acid solution at a specific concentration and then subjected to specific fermentation treatment. The obtained fermented residue replaces part of the sawdust to prepare the cultivation material, effectively improving the growth rate and growth vigor of Auricularia auricula mycelium, shortening the full-bag cycle of the mycelium, promoting the growth of Auricularia auricula fruiting bodies at the same time, improving its yield and quality. The yield of Auricularia auricula is increased by 11.29% compared with the cultivation material without Pleurotus eryngii residue. The contents of auricularia polysaccharide and amino acids in Auricularia auricula are significantly increased, effectively promoting the breeding quality of high-quality Auricularia auricula.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula with Pleurotus eryngii residue. Background Art

[0002] Auricularia auricula ( Auricula auricula ) is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash, and also contains a variety of rich vitamins and 18 kinds of amino acids, and is an edible mushroom with rich nutritional value. Auricularia auricula also has medicinal value, contains nucleotide substances, can reduce the cholesterol content in the blood, the polysaccharide it contains has anti-tumor activity, and also has a certain curative effect on preventing and treating heart diseases and coronary artery diseases. Auricularia auricula is also rich in a large amount of cellulase, which can eliminate the debris in the gastrointestinal tract and has the functions of moistening the lungs and cleaning. With the increasing love of more and more people, the cultivation technology of Auricularia auricula is also constantly innovating.

[0003] At present, the industrialized production of edible mushrooms in China is developing rapidly, and most of the industrialized production of edible mushrooms only harvests the first flush of mushrooms. After the culture medium is biotransformed by a series of edible mushroom mycelia into mushroom residue, the crude protein content increases by more than twice, and the crude fiber content decreases significantly. In addition, the mushroom residue also contains rich amino acids, polysaccharides, and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium, as well as some metabolites. Therefore, it is expected to achieve certain effects by cultivating Auricularia auricula with the mushroom residue produced by industrialized cultivation.

[0004] Pleurotus eryngii residue is the culture medium after cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, and contains rich protein and other nutritional components. Its crude protein content reaches more than 10%, the crude fiber content is between 15% and 30%, the crude fat content is about 5%, and it contains rich minerals, with rich overall nutritional value. It can be used to prepare the culture medium for cultivating Auricularia auricula, but it is found in actual application that the culture medium prepared with Pleurotus eryngii residue has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelia during the cultivation process of Auricularia auricula, and the yield and quality of the finally cultivated Auricularia auricula have a certain decline. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a culture medium for cultivating Auricularia auricula containing Pleurotus eryngii residue.

[0006] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the above culture medium. By pre-treating and fermenting the Pleurotus eryngii residue, and then mixing it with other components in a specific proportion, the prepared culture medium effectively improves the growth trend of Auricularia auricula mycelia and increases the yield and quality of Auricularia auricula.

[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula with Pleurotus eryngii residue.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] An Auricularia heimuer cultivation medium containing Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: in the cultivation medium, 50-60% Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue, 25-30% wood chips, 10-15% wheat bran, 3-5% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation medium, wherein the Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue is prepared by fermenting Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure as fermentation substrates.

[0010] Furthermore, before the fermentation of the fermentation substrates, tannic acid solution is sprayed for pretreatment. Specifically, tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L is sprayed in the fermentation substrates, stirred evenly, and then left standing for 6-12 h.

[0011] Furthermore, in the fermentation of the pretreated fermentation substrates, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), are added, and water is added to make the water content of the fermentation substrates 55-60%. First, ferment at 28-30 °C for 2-3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35-40 °C and ferment for 2-3 days, and then naturally ferment for 2-3 days.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii residue to dry chicken manure in the fermentation substrates is 8-10:1, and the mass ratio of the fermentation substrates, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger, and viable bacteria count of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1.

[0013] A preparation method of an Auricularia heimuer cultivation medium containing Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: Pleurotus eryngii residue is added with dry chicken manure to form fermentation substrates, then tannic acid solution is sprayed for pretreatment, and then microorganisms are inoculated for fermentation treatment to obtain Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue, and the Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue, wood chips, wheat bran, soybean cake powder, gypsum powder, and superphosphate are mixed to form the cultivation medium.

[0014] Furthermore, for the pretreatment, Pleurotus eryngii residue is taken, leached with clear water until the EC value of the clear water is below 0.4 mS / cm, then the Pleurotus eryngii residue is dried and crushed through a 20-30 mesh sieve, dry chicken manure is added to the residue powder to form fermentation substrates, then tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L is sprayed, stirred evenly, and left standing for 6-12 h.

[0015] Furthermore, in the fermentation of the pretreated fermentation substrates, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), are added, and water is added to make the water content of the fermentation substrates 55-60%. First, ferment at 28-30 °C for 2-3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35-40 °C and ferment for 2-3 days, and then naturally ferment for 2-3 days.

[0016] Further, the mass ratio of the mushroom residue powder to the dry chicken manure is 8 - 10:1.

[0017] Further, the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger, and viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1 - 2:0.2 - 0.5:0.05 - 0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue is a mushroom residue with cottonseed hull as the main raw material.

[0018] Further, by mass percentage, 50 - 60% of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation mushroom residue, 25 - 30% of wood chips, 10 - 15% of wheat bran, 3 - 5% of soybean cake powder, 1% of gypsum powder, and 1% of superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation medium.

[0019] Auricularia auricula is an aerobic saprophytic fungus. Excessive carbon dioxide and insufficient oxygen will both inhibit the development of hyphae and the formation of fruiting bodies. The cultivation medium prepared with Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue is prone to the problem of insufficient oxygen during the cultivation process. Moreover, Auricularia auricula belongs to the gelatinous fungi category, and the low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the cultivation medium will also lead to a decline in the growth of hyphae. Before fermenting Pleurotus eryngii, the present invention sprays a low-concentration tannic acid solution for pretreatment, then inoculates Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus for fermentation. At the initial stage of fermentation, Aspergillus niger preferentially ferments and decomposes the residual macromolecular nutrient components in the mushroom residue. Subsequently, the temperature rises, and under the synergistic effect of tannic acid, it promotes the further fermentation of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Finally, natural fermentation is carried out, and under the high-temperature effect of natural fermentation, it promotes the further decomposition of the metabolites of microbial fermentation in the fermented mushroom residue, increases the oxygen content in the fermented mushroom residue, and changes the nutrient components in the fermented mushroom residue, reducing the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The fermented mushroom residue is formulated into a cultivation medium by replacing wood chips in proportion, making the final cultivation medium have a higher compatibility in terms of pH and nutrient structure with the hyphae and fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula. By using Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue as the raw material for the cultivation medium, not only is the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue further reused to give play to its remaining nutritional value, but also the yield and quality of Auricularia auricula are further improved on this basis.

[0020] A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula with Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Take Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue and dry chicken manure and mix them into a fermentation base material, spray a tannic acid solution for pretreatment, and then inoculate microorganisms for fermentation to prepare Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residue;

[0022] (2) Mix Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residue, wood chips, wheat bran, soybean cake powder, gypsum powder, and superphosphate to form a cultivation medium;

[0023] (3) Inoculate Auricularia auricula strains into the sterilized cultivation bags, and after cultivation management until the Auricularia auricula ear slices are mature, harvest them.

[0024] Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue to dry chicken manure is 8 - 10:1.

[0025] Further, the pretreatment is to spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L on the fermentation substrate, stir evenly, and then stand for 6-12 h. The mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the tannic acid solution is 100:1-2.

[0026] Further, for the fermentation, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ) are added to the pretreated fermentation substrate, and water is added to make the water content of the fermentation substrate 55-60%. First, ferment at 28-30 °C for 2-3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35-40 °C and ferment for 2-3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2-3 days.

[0027] Further, the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate, viable cells of Aspergillus niger, and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue mainly composed of cottonseed hulls.

[0028] Further, in step (2), by mass fraction, 50-60% Pleurotus eryngii fermentation residue, 25-30% wood chips, 10-15% wheat bran, 3-5% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material.

[0029] Further, in step (3), Auricularia auricula-judae strains are inoculated into the fungus bags, and the inoculation amount is 1-2%. The cultivation management is carried out at a temperature of 20-25 °C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the fungus bags; uniformly puncture the fungus bags, with 16-18 holes in the whole fungus bag and the hole depth being 1-2 cm. Carry out mycelium conditioning at 20 °C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and carry out sprouting at 16-18 °C. After the ear buds grow, spray water in a mist in the morning and evening to keep the relative air humidity at 85-90%. When the ear buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the water spray amount to make the air humidity 90-95%. On the eve of ear maturity, reduce the water spray to make the relative air humidity drop to 75-85%. Control the room temperature at 20-22 °C during the ear unfolding period. When the ear pieces are fully unfolded and reach 4-6 cm, harvest them.

[0030] A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula-judae with Pleurotus eryngii residue is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Prepare the fermentation residue

[0032] Take Pleurotus eryngii residue, and when the EC value of the clear water is less than 0.4 mS / cm after leaching with clear water, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and then crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material. Then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30 mg / L, stir evenly, let it stand for 6-12 h, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to make the water content of the fermentation base material 55-60%. First, ferment at 28-30 °C for 2-3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35-40 °C for 2-3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2-3 days. The mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 8-10:1, and the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and the viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1. The Pleurotus eryngii residue is the residue with cottonseed hull as the main raw material.

[0033] (2)Prepare the cultivation material

[0034] By mass percentage, mix 50-60% fermented residue, 25-30% wood chips, 10-15% wheat bran, 3-5% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate to form the cultivation material. Adjust the water content of the cultivation material to 60-65%, and then bag and sterilize.

[0035] (3)Inoculate and cultivate

[0036] Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bags with Auricularia auricula-judae strain, and the inoculation amount is 1-2%. Cultivate at a temperature of 20-25 °C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bags; uniformly punch holes in the bags, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and the hole depth being 1-2 cm. Carry out mycelium conditioning at 20 °C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and carry out sprouting at 16-18 °C. Spray atomized water morning and evening after the ear buds grow, and keep the relative air humidity at 85-90%. When the ear buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the water spray amount to make the air humidity 90-95%. Before the ear slices mature, reduce the water spray to make the relative air humidity drop to 75-85%. Control the room temperature at 20-22 °C during the ear unfolding period, and harvest when the ear slices are fully unfolded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0037] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0038] In the present invention, by pretreating the Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue with a tannic acid solution of a specific concentration and then carrying out a specific fermentation treatment, the obtained fermented residue is used to replace part of the wood chips to prepare the cultivation material, effectively improving the growth rate and growth vigor of the Auricularia auricula-judae mycelium, shortening the full-bag cycle of the mycelium, promoting the growth of the Auricularia auricula-judae fruiting body at the same time, improving its yield and quality. The yield of Auricularia auricula-judae is increased by 11.29% compared with the cultivation material without Pleurotus eryngii residue. The contents of auricularia polysaccharide and amino acids in Auricularia auricula-judae are significantly increased, effectively promoting the breeding quality of high-quality Auricularia auricula-judae. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It is necessary to point out here that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention according to the above content of the present invention.

[0040] The Pleurotus eryngii residue in the present invention is the waste Pleurotus eryngii residue after the first flush of mushrooms is harvested in industrial production, and it is the Pleurotus eryngii residue with cottonseed hull as the main raw material (the proportion of cottonseed hull in the original cultivation material of the Pleurotus eryngii residue is more than 70%).

[0041] Among the microorganisms used in the present invention, Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger ), with the preservation number of CGMCC 3.3289, and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( Lactobacillus acidophilus ), with the preservation number of CGMCC 1.1878, can both be purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC).

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula with Pleurotus eryngii residue includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Preparation of fermented residue

[0045] Take Pleurotus eryngii residue (the original cultivation material formula of Pleurotus eryngii residue: 78% cottonseed hull, 15% wheat bran, 5% corn flour, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder). When the EC value of the clear water is less than 0.4 mS / cm after leaching with clear water, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and then crush it through a 20 - 30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material. Then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 25 mg / L, stir evenly, let it stand for 10 h, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to make the water content of the fermentation base material 55 - 60%. First, ferment at 28 - 30°C for 3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35 - 40°C and ferment for 3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2 days. The mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 9:1, and the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and the viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1.5:0.4:0.08. The Pleurotus eryngii residue is the residue with cottonseed hull as the main raw material;

[0046] (2) Preparation of cultivation material

[0047] By mass percentage, mix 55% fermented residue, 25% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate to form a cultivation material. Adjust the water content of the cultivation material to 60 - 65%, and then bag and sterilize;

[0048] (3)Inoculation and Cultivation

[0049] Inoculate the Auricularia heimuer strain into the sterilized cultivation bags, with an inoculation amount of 1.5%. Cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25°C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90% until the mycelium fills the bags. Uniformly puncture the bags, with 16 - 18 holes in the whole bag and the hole depth being 1 - 2 cm. Carry out mycelium dormancy at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55 - 65%, and carry out sprouting at 16 - 18°C. Spray atomized water morning and evening after the ear buds grow, keeping the relative air humidity at 85 - 90%. When the ear buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the water spray amount to make the air humidity reach 90 - 95%. Before the ear slices mature, reduce the water spray to make the relative air humidity drop to 75 - 85%. Control the room temperature at 20 - 22°C during the ear unfolding period. When the ear slices are fully unfolded and reach 4 - 6 cm, harvest them.

[0050] By pretreating the fermentation substrate and then fermenting it, the nutritional composition of the fermentation substrate can be adjusted. Different treatment methods also have obvious effects on the changes in the nutritional components of the fermentation substrate. During the fermentation process, first, the initial nutritional structure of the fermentation substrate was tested, and then different treatment methods were set: no tannic acid solution was added, Aspergillus niger was added alone, Lactobacillus acidophilus was added alone, and other organic acids were used to replace tannic acid for pretreatment (citric acid and oxalic acid were tested separately). The changes in the nutritional components of the fermentation substrate before and after fermentation are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1: Changes in the nutritional components of the fermentation substrate before and after fermentation

[0052]

[0053] During the fermentation process, different treatment methods were used for the fermentation substrate. In the finally fermented products, significant differences in nutritional components occurred. Among them, the carbon-nitrogen ratio changed significantly, and at the same time, the pH decreased significantly compared with the original fermentation substrate. In the experimental groups where citric acid and oxalic acid were used to replace tannic acid for pretreating the fermentation substrate respectively, although the crude protein content increased, the effect was not obvious, and the crude fiber content was significantly higher than that in Example 1 and the group without tannic acid treatment. This shows that the addition of tannic acid has a significant impact on the fermentation and metabolism processes of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the Pleurotus eryngii residue, thus changing the nutritional structure of the fermented Pleurotus eryngii residue. Auricularia heimuer belongs to the gelatinous fungi. Excessive nitrogen content in the cultivation material will lead to a decline in the growth of the mycelium. Cultivation materials with different carbon-nitrogen ratios also play a key role in the growth of Auricularia heimuer.

[0054] In order to further verify the influence of fermented mushroom residues prepared by different treatment methods on the quality of Auricularia auricula, using the cultivation material formula and cultivation method of Example 1, by replacing the Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residues in the cultivation material, the functions of different Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residues in the cultivation material were measured. In addition, a group was added in which organic acids were not added for pretreatment during the fermentation process. After the fermentation was completed, an equal amount of tannic acid was added to the fermented mushroom residues and then mixed with the cultivation material. The blank group was the one without adding Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residues, and the Pleurotus eryngii fermented mushroom residues were replaced with an equal amount of wood chips. Specifically, the growth trend of Auricularia auricula hyphae, the yield of Auricularia auricula, the crude protein content, the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, the amino acid content and other changes in nutrient components were tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2: Influence of Different Pleurotus eryngii Fermented Mushroom Residues on the Cultivation Quality of Auricularia auricula

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen that in the cultivation material group with Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues fermented without organic acid pretreatment, compared with the blank group without adding fermented mushroom residues, the influence on the growth trend of hyphae is not significant, the yield of Auricularia auricula has a certain decline, the crude protein content decreases significantly, and the polysaccharide and amino acid contents also show a slight decline. In the group of Example 1 pretreated with tannic acid, the growth rate of hyphae is significantly increased, the yield of dry Auricularia auricula also increases, the decrease in crude protein content is not obvious, and the polysaccharide content and the total amount of amino acids show a significant increase. This shows that the pretreatment of tannic acid changes the nutritional structure of the cultivation material and has a beneficial effect on the growth of Auricularia auricula. In the experimental group where tannic acid was added to the mushroom residues after fermentation, both the growth trend of Auricularia auricula hyphae and the growth of subsequent fruiting bodies were inhibited, the yield decreased significantly, and the polysaccharide and amino acid contents in subsequent Auricularia auricula also decreased significantly. In the groups where the tannic acid used for pretreatment was replaced with organic acids such as citric acid and oxalic acid, the growth trend of hyphae decreased significantly, and the yield of dry Auricularia auricula and the quality were significantly lower than those in the group without acid treatment. This shows that pretreatment with other organic acids not only fails to play a beneficial role, but further inhibits the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelium and fruiting bodies. In addition, the yield of dry Auricularia auricula and the quality of the fruiting bodies also showed varying degrees of decline in the groups fermented by Aspergillus niger or Lactobacillus acidophilus alone.

[0058] In the cultivation material using fermented mushroom residues, in fact, the fermented mushroom residues replace the wood chips in the original cultivation material. Therefore, the cultivation material without adding fermented mushroom residues is 80% wood chips, 15% wheat bran, 3% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, 1% superphosphate, and the mushroom bags are 2 kg / bag. Based on this, different amounts of fermented mushroom residues were used to replace the wood chips to make different cultivation material formulas, and the same inoculation management as in Example 1 was carried out until harvest, and data such as the growth trend of Auricularia auricula hyphae, the yield of Auricularia auricula, and the quality were tested. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0059] Table 3: Influence of the content of Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue in the cultivation medium on the growth of Auricularia auricula

[0060]

[0061] It can be seen that with the change of the content of the fermented residue in the cultivation medium, obvious changes have occurred in the growth of the mycelium of Auricularia auricula, the formation of the fruiting body, and the nutrient components of Auricularia auricula. Among them, when the proportion of the fermented residue is between 50% and 60%, the average growth rate of the mycelium of Auricularia auricula is the fastest, and the full-bag days are reduced from 41 days to 33 - 38 days. The dry ear yield has not decreased compared with the blank group, but shows a slightly increasing trend. Moreover, the contents of crude protein, polysaccharide, and amino acids in Auricularia auricula have all increased to varying degrees.

[0062] Specific analysis was carried out on the amino acid content of Auricularia auricula in the blank group and Example 1. Among them, obvious changes have occurred in the content of most amino acids, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0063] Table 4: Changes in amino acid content (mg / g)

[0064]

[0065] It can be seen that compared with the blank group, significant changes have occurred in the amino acid content of Auricularia auricula cultivated with the cultivation medium added with Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue. Among them, the contents of threonine (Thr), lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg), and phenylalanine (Phe) have increased most significantly.

[0066] During the preparation of the fermented residue, attempts were made to ferment Pleurotus eryngii residues with different formulations. The results showed that for Pleurotus eryngii residues with a low cottonseed hull content (less than 70%) or mainly composed of other substances such as sawdust and bagasse, the above effects could not be achieved by tannic acid pretreatment and fermentation with specific microbial agents in the present invention. When the fermented residue after fermentation was applied to the cultivation of Auricularia auricula, the yield and quality of the produced Auricularia auricula were poor, significantly lower than those of the CK group without residue addition.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula with Pleurotus eryngii residue, comprising the following steps:

[0069] (1) Preparation of fermented residue

[0070] Take Pleurotus eryngii residue (the original cultivation material formula of Pleurotus eryngii residue: 78% cottonseed hull, 15% bran, 5% corn flour, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder), and treat it with clean water until the EC value of clean water is below 0.4mS / cm. Dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dry chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material, and then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20 mg / L. After stirring evenly, let it stand for 12 hours, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to the water content of the fermentation base material to be 55-60%. Ferment at 28-30°C for 2 days, ferment at a controlled fermentation temperature of 35-40°C for 3 days, and then ferment naturally for 3 days. The mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the number of live bacteria of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100: 2:0.2:0.05, the Pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue mainly made of cottonseed hulls;

[0071] (2) Preparation of cultivation materials

[0072] According to the percentage by mass, 50% fermented fungus residue, 30% sawdust, 13% bran, 5% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized;

[0073] (3) Inoculation cultivation

[0074] Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bag with black fungus at a rate of 2%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

[0075] The average growth rate of the black fungus mycelium cultivated in this embodiment reached 3.8 mm / d, the yield of dried black fungus bags was 68 g / bag, the polysaccharide content of black fungus reached 5.11%, and the total amino acid content was 89.72 mg / g.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A method for cultivating high-quality black fungus with Pleurotus eryngii residues comprises the following steps:

[0078] (1) Preparation of fermentation residue

[0079] Take Pleurotus eryngii residue (original cultivation material formula of Pleurotus eryngii residue: cottonseed hulls 78%, wheat bran 15%, corn flour 5%, gypsum powder 1%, lime powder 1%). When the EC value of the clear water is below 0.4 mS / cm after leaching with clear water, dry the Pleurotus eryngii residue and then crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve. Add dried chicken manure to the residue powder to form a fermentation base material. Then spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 30 mg / L, stir evenly, and let it stand for 6 h. Then add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to make the water content of the fermentation base material 55-60%. First, ferment at 28-30 °C for 3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35-40 °C and ferment for 2 days, and then ferment naturally for 2 days to obtain the fermented residue. The mass ratio of the residue powder to the dried chicken manure is 8:1, and the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger, and the viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1: 0.5: 0.1. The Pleurotus eryngii residue is the residue with cottonseed hulls as the main raw material.

[0080] (2) Prepare the cultivation material

[0081] By mass percentage, mix 60% fermented residue, 25% wood chips, 10% wheat bran, 3% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate to form the cultivation material. Adjust the water content of the cultivation material to 60-65%, and then bag and sterilize it;

[0082] (3) Inoculate and cultivate

[0083] Inoculate the sterilized cultivation bags with Auricularia auricula-judae strains, with an inoculation amount of 1%. Cultivate at a temperature of 20-25 °C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bags; uniformly puncture the bags, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and the hole depth of 1-2 cm. Incubate at 20 °C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18 °C. Spray atomized water morning and evening after the ear buds grow, and keep the air relative humidity at 85-90%. When the ear buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the water spray amount to make the air humidity 90-95%. Before the ear slices mature, reduce the water spray to make the air relative humidity drop to 75-85%. Control the room temperature at 20-22 °C during the ear spreading period. When the ear slices are fully spread and reach 4-6 cm, harvest them.

[0084] In this example, the average growth rate of the Auricularia auricula-judae mycelium reaches 3.9 mm / d, the dry ear yield per bag of Auricularia auricula-judae is 69 g / bag, the polysaccharide content of the auricularia is 5.15%, and the total amino acid content is 90.14 mg / g.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an Auricularia auricula cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that: Using cottonseed hull as the main raw material, Pleurotus eryngii residue powder and dry chicken manure are formed into a fermentation base material according to a mass ratio of 8 - 10:

1. Then, tannic acid solution is sprayed for pretreatment, and then microorganisms Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus are inoculated for fermentation treatment to obtain Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue. According to the mass percentage, 50 - 60% Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue, 25 - 30% sawdust, 10 - 15% wheat bran, 3 - 5% soybean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder, and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material. The mass ratio of the fermentation base material, tannic acid solution, viable bacteria numbers of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1 - 2:0.2 - 0.5:0.05 - 0.

1. The pretreatment is to leach Pleurotus eryngii residue with clear water until the EC value of the clear water is below 0.4 mS / cm. After drying and pulverizing Pleurotus eryngii residue through a 20 - 30 mesh sieve, dry chicken manure is added to form a fermentation base material, and then tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20 - 30 mg / L is sprayed. After stirring evenly, it is left standing for 6 - 12 h.

2. The preparation method of an Auricularia auricula cultivation material containing Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The fermentation treatment is to add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus to the pretreated fermentation base material, and add water until the water content of the fermentation base material is 55 - 60%. First, ferment at 28 - 30 °C for 2 - 3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35 - 40 °C and ferment for 2 - 3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2 - 3 days.

3. A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula using Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that, Including the following steps: (1) Mix Pleurotus eryngii residue and dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base material, spray tannic acid solution for pretreatment, and then inoculate microorganisms for fermentation to prepare Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue; (2) Mix Pleurotus eryngii fermented residue, sawdust, wheat bran, soybean cake powder, gypsum powder and superphosphate to form a cultivation material; (3) Inoculate Auricularia auricula - judae strain into the sterilized cultivation bags, and after cultivation management until the Auricularia auricula - judae ear slices are mature, harvest.

4. The method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula using Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 3, wherein: In step (1), the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii residue to dry chicken manure is 8 - 10:

1.

5. A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula using Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the pretreatment is to spray tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20 - 30 mg / L in the fermentation base material, stir evenly, and then leave it standing for 6 - 12 h. The mass ratio of the fermentation base material to the tannic acid solution is 100:1 - 2.

6. The method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula using Pleurotus eryngii residue as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The fermentation is to add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus to the pretreated fermentation base material, and add water until the water content of the fermentation base material is 55 - 60%. First, ferment at 28 - 30 °C for 2 - 3 days, then control the fermentation temperature at 35 - 40 °C and ferment for 2 - 3 days, and then ferment naturally for 2 - 3 days. The mass ratio of the fermentation base material, viable bacteria numbers of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:0.2 - 0.5:0.05 - 0.

1. The Pleurotus eryngii residue is the residue with cottonseed hull as the main raw material.

7. A method for cultivating high-quality Auricularia auricula using Pleurotus eryngii residue, characterized in that, Including the following steps: (1) Prepare fermented residue Take the pleurotus eryngii residue, treat it with clean water until the EC value of the clean water is less than 0.4mS / cm, dry the pleurotus eryngii residue and crush it through a 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain the residue powder, then add dry chicken manure to form a fermentation base, spray a tannic acid solution with a concentration of 20-30mg / L, stir evenly, let it stand for 6-12h, add Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and add water to the water content of the fermentation base to be 55-60%, first ferment at 28-30°C for 2-3 days, then control the fermentation temperature to 35-40°C for 2-3 days, and then naturally ferment for 2-3 days, the mass ratio of the residue powder to dry chicken manure is 8-10:1, the mass ratio of the number of live bacteria of the fermentation base, tannic acid solution, Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 100:1-2:0.2-0.5:0.05-0.1, and the pleurotus eryngii residue is a residue with cottonseed shell as the main material; (2) Preparation of cultivation materials According to the percentage by mass, 50-60% fermented fungus residue, 25-30% sawdust, 10-15% bran, 3-5% bean cake powder, 1% gypsum powder and 1% superphosphate are mixed to form a cultivation material, and the moisture content of the cultivation material is adjusted to 60-65%, and then the material is bagged and sterilized; (3) Inoculation cultivation Inoculate black fungus in a sterilized cultivation bag at a rate of 1-2%, and cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85%-90% until the mycelium fills the bag; puncture holes evenly on the bag, with 16-18 holes in the whole bag and a hole depth of 1-2 cm, trap the fungus at 20°C and a relative humidity of 55-65%, and germinate at 16-18°C. After the buds grow out, spray water in the morning and evening to maintain the relative humidity of the air at 85-90%. When the buds grow to a flat or disc shape, increase the amount of water sprayed to 90-95% of the air humidity. Before the ear pieces mature, reduce the amount of water sprayed until the relative humidity of the air drops to 75-85%. The room temperature is controlled at 20-22°C during the ear expansion period and the ear pieces are harvested when they are fully expanded and reach 4-6 cm.

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