A method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose maize in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Eastern Gansu Province, resulting in two crops a year.

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of Longdong loess hilly region early maturing potato-grain and forage dual-purpose corn two crops planting method in a year, it is related to crop planting technical field, specifically includes the following steps: S1: one crop potato cultivation technology: S11: site soil preparation;S12: fertilization, vertical deep rotation, ridge forming and mulching;S13: seed potato preparation: S131: good seed selection;S132: seed potato treatment;S14: timely sowing;S15: field management;S16: disease and insect pest control;S17: timely harvesting;S2: two crops corn cultivation technology: S21: variety selection;S22: soil preparation;S23: fertilization;S24: ridge forming, mulching;S25: sowing;S26: field management: S27: disease and pest control;S28: harvesting;S29: residual film recycling.The Longdong loess hilly region early maturing potato-grain and forage dual-purpose corn two crops planting method in a year of the application can optimize the utilization structure of water and heat resources, realize soil water-heat coupling, and significantly improve farmland productivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose corn (for food and feed) in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Longdong, with two crops per year. Background Technology

[0002] The Loess Hilly Region of eastern Gansu Province receives an average annual precipitation of 600 mm, an average annual temperature of 10℃, and a frost-free period of 180 days. It boasts an effective accumulated temperature of approximately 2800℃ above 10℃, making it rich in water and heat resources, sufficient to meet the needs of two crops a year. However, local farmers mostly employ a single-crop-a-year or three-crop-a-year planting system, resulting in the underutilization of the region's natural resources. Therefore, developing a double-cropping technology that can fully utilize water and heat resources is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose corn (forage and grain) in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Longdong, allowing for two crops a year.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] This invention provides a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose maize (for food and feed) in a double-cropping system in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​eastern Gansu Province, specifically including the following steps:

[0006] S1: Single-crop potato cultivation techniques:

[0007] S11: Site selection and land preparation: Select a flat, loose, well-drained plot of land with rich organic matter content. The previous crop should preferably be corn, beans, or wheat. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove waste plastic film and stubble to improve the efficiency of deep rotary tillage.

[0008] S12: Fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching: to be carried out before sowing in early March or before the ground freezes in the previous year.

[0009] S121: Fertilization: Base fertilizer is a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, which is spread evenly on the soil surface. Inorganic fertilizer is urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, which are applied into the tillage belt through the fertilizer box accompanied by vertical deep rotary tillage and mixed evenly with the soil.

[0010] S122: Vertical deep tillage, ridging, and film mulching: Use a tractor to tow a vertical deep tillage machine for vertical deep tillage. When tilling, the tractor moves forward at a constant speed, only vertically tills the tillage zone, and does not till the no-till zone. Eventually, a bandwidth of 100 cm is formed, where the ridge width in the tillage zone is 60 cm and the height is 20 cm. The small ditch in the middle of the ridge surface is 2 - 5 cm wide and 10 cm deep; the no-till bandwidth is 40 cm; while tilling, film is mulched. Select a black plastic film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.010 - 0.012 mm. The vertical deep tillage machine has a built-in plastic film punching device, and there is a water infiltration hole every 10 - 20 cm on the laid plastic film; after film mulching, livestock are strictly prohibited from entering the field, and efforts are made to prevent the film from being blown away by strong winds;

[0011] S13: Seed potato preparation:

[0012] S131: Selection of fine seeds: Select early-maturing potato virus-free fine seeds with regular tuber shapes, strong stress resistance, good commercial quality, and excellent quality;

[0013] S132: Seed potato treatment: After the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, strictly select the seeds, and eliminate rotten, diseased, insect-infested, and damaged potatoes; when cutting the seed potatoes, eliminate diseased potatoes, and disinfect the cutting tools with 75% alcohol, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, or boiling water; the quality of the cut seed potatoes is 30 - 50 g, and each seed potato only retains 1 - 2 eyes;

[0014] S14: Sowing at the appropriate time: In early March, when the temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil temperature at 10 cm reaches 5 - 7°C, sowing is carried out; when sowing, use a special potato dibbler to manually sow in a "pin" shape at a distance of 10 - 15 cm from the catchment ditch on the ridge top, and plant 2 rows per ridge; put 1 - 2 seed potato pieces in each hole, sow at a depth of 5 - 10 cm, and after covering the soil, gently step on it with your feet to make the seed potato pieces closely contact the soil, so as to prevent the sowing holes from being compacted by rain and a large amount of moisture evaporation affecting seedling emergence;

[0015] S15: Field management:

[0016] S151: Seedling stage management: If it rains after sowing, compaction will form on the sowing holes, and it should be broken in time; if the newly emerged seedlings are misaligned with the sowing holes, the seedlings should be released in time; for plots with missing seedlings exceeding 2 m, they should be replanted in time;

[0017] S152: Mid-late stage management: During the tuber swelling stage, appropriately cover the soil on the plastic film to reduce the temperature inside the ridge and create a cool soil environment to facilitate the swelling of potato tubers; for plots lacking fertilizer, top-dress at the roots; when it is dry, do not top-dress or top-dress less, and when there is sufficient rain and good soil moisture, appropriately increase the amount of top-dressing;

[0018] S16: Prevention and control of diseases, insects, and weeds:

[0019] S161: Major disease control: Agricultural control is the main approach. Select well-drained plots for planting to prevent waterlogging after rain. Select disease-free and disease-resistant virus-free seed potatoes. Remove diseased plants promptly. Chemical control may be used when necessary.

[0020] S162: Pest control: Dissolve 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals in 1 kg of water, spray onto 35 kg of fine soil, and then spread the fine soil in the furrow to control grubs; at the initial stage of aphid infestation, apply per 667 m² 2 It can be controlled by spraying with 3 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder mixed with 60 kg of water;

[0021] S163: Chemical weed control: Manual weeding can be used for areas with severe infestation of scattered weeds;

[0022] S17: Timely Harvest: When the leaves in the field turn yellow at the end of June, choose a sunny day with dry soil and harvest potatoes mechanically or manually. Before harvesting, kill the vines mechanically or manually and remove the plastic film to avoid soil contamination. After the tubers are dug up, dry them for 3-5 hours before sorting and bagging them. At the same time, remove the soil from the tubers and pick out damaged and rotten tubers.

[0023] S2: Double-crop corn cultivation techniques:

[0024] S21: Variety selection: Select early-maturing maize varieties that can be used for both grain and forage;

[0025] S22: Land preparation: After the first crop of potatoes is harvested, deep plowing should be carried out in a timely manner to remove stubble, with a depth of 20-25 cm;

[0026] S23: Fertilization: Apply inorganic fertilizer in conjunction with land preparation;

[0027] S24: Ridging and Mulching: Use mechanical ridges and mulching or manual ridges and mulching; the resulting ridges should be 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, and the small ridges should be 40 cm wide and 15 cm high; the mulch film should be 120 cm wide and 0.010~0.012 mm thick white mulch film.

[0028] S25: Sowing: In early July, use a corn planter to break the film and sow the seeds in the furrows, 1-2 seeds per hole, at a depth of 3-5cm;

[0029] S26: Field Management

[0030] S261: Early Management: If it rains after sowing, the sowing holes are prone to hardening. Use a shovel to break up the hardened clumps and allow the seedlings to emerge from the soil. Check the seedlings 10 days after sowing. If any seedlings are missing or the rows are broken, replant or transplant them in time. Thin the seedlings when they have 2-3 leaves, removing diseased, weak, and mixed seedlings. When the seedlings have 4-5 leaves, finalize the spacing, keeping one strong seedling with uniform growth per hole. During the jointing stage, break off or cut off the tillers from the base in time.

[0031] S262: Mid-to-late stage management: Apply topdressing fertilizer to the roots of nutrient-deficient plots during the corn tasseling stage;

[0032] S27: Pest and disease control;

[0033] S28: Harvesting: In normal years, harvest the kernels when they are ripe; in late October or early November, when the corn husks turn yellow, the kernels harden, and the milk lines disappear, harvest and dry them until the moisture content is below 13% before storing; in years of abnormal weather, if the kernels are not ripe, harvest the straw for silage; use mechanical harvesting, crushing, transportation, and silage to complete safe storage in one go;

[0034] S29: Residual film recycling: After the second crop of corn is harvested, the old film should be removed in time using a residual film recycling machine or cleaned and recycled by manual film removal and picking.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S121, the amount of farmyard manure applied is 2000 kg / 667 m³. 2 Inorganic fertilizer application rate: 10 kg / 667 m³ of pure N 2 P2O5 4 kg / 667 m 2 K2O5 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 18.3 kg of urea per 667 m². 2 8.7 kg / 667 m³ of diammonium phosphate 2 Potassium sulfate 10.0 kg / 667 m 2 .

[0036] Furthermore, in step S122, the tractor power is >40 horsepower; the tractor moves at a constant speed of 5~10 km / h, and the tillage depth is 35~40 cm.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S14, the sowing density is 33 cm between plants, maintaining 4000 plants per 667 m². 2 .

[0038] Furthermore, in step S152, the topdressing is urea, and the amount of topdressing is 5 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0039] Furthermore, in step S23, the inorganic fertilizer application rate is 12.0 kg / 667 m³ of pure N. 2 P2O5 4.0 kg / 667m 2 K2O 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 22.7 kg of urea per 667 m³. 2 8.7 kg / 667 m³ of diammonium phosphate 2Potassium sulfate 8.0 kg / 667 m 2 .

[0040] Furthermore, in step S25, the sowing density is 5000 plants / 667m². 2 .

[0041] Furthermore, in step S262, the topdressing is urea, and the amount of topdressing is 5~7 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] This invention fully utilizes the biological characteristics of potatoes—their preference for low temperatures and low water consumption—ensuring not only their own full growth and development but also reserving sufficient soil moisture for the second crop of corn to support seedling growth. This invention's method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose corn in the Loess Hilly Region of eastern Gansu transforms the traditional one-crop-a-year or three-crop-two-year system into two-crop-a-year practices, increasing crop yield and farmers' net income. In years with abnormal weather causing the second crop of corn to fail to mature, the dual-purpose corn can also be used for silage. This invention's method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose corn in the Loess Hilly Region of eastern Gansu optimizes the utilization structure of water and heat resources, achieving soil water and heat coupling and significantly improving farmland productivity. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose maize (for both grain and feed) in a year in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​eastern Gansu, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Single-crop potato cultivation techniques:

[0049] S11: Site selection and land preparation: Select a flat, loose, well-drained plot of land with rich organic matter content. The previous crop should preferably be corn, beans, or wheat. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove waste plastic film and stubble to improve the efficiency of deep rotary tillage.

[0050] S12: Fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching: Operations are carried out before sowing in early March. The procedures of fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching are completed in one go by a vertical deep rotary tiller. This machine was jointly developed by the Dryland Agriculture Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Dingxi Kunfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and has been authorized with a national utility model patent.

[0051] S121: Fertilization: Base fertilizer consists of a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer should be farmyard manure, applied at a rate of 2000 kg / 667 m³. 2 The fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface; the inorganic fertilizer should consist of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, with an application rate of 10 kg / 667m³ of pure nitrogen. 2 P2O5 4 kg / 667 m 2 K2O5 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 18.3 kg of urea per 667 m³ of land. 2 8.7 kg / 667 m³ of diammonium phosphate 2 Potassium sulfate 10.0 kg / 667 m 2 The fertilizer is applied into the tillage zone through the fertilizer box along with vertical deep rotary tillage, and mixed evenly with the soil.

[0052] S122: Vertical Deep Rotary Tillage, Ridging, and Mulching: A tractor with a power of 40 horsepower or more pulls a vertical deep rotary tillage machine for vertical deep rotary tillage. The tractor is required to move forward at a constant speed of 5 km / h and tillage to a depth of 35 cm. Vertical deep rotary tillage is only performed on the tillage strip, and the no-till strip is left untilled, ultimately forming a 100 cm wide strip. The tillage strip ridges are 60 cm wide and 20 cm high, with a 2 cm wide and 10 cm deep furrow in the center of the ridge. The no-till strip is 40 cm wide. Mulching is performed simultaneously with tillage. Black mulch film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.010 mm is selected. The vertical deep rotary tillage machine has a built-in mulch film perforation device, and a water infiltration hole is placed every 10 cm after the mulch film is laid. After mulching, livestock are strictly prohibited from entering the field, and the mulch film is protected from being blown off by strong winds.

[0053] S13: Seed potato preparation:

[0054] S131: Variety Selection: Based on the climate characteristics and natural conditions of the Loess Hilly Area in eastern Gansu, the early-maturing virus-free potato variety Holland 16, which has uniform tuber shape, strong resistance, good marketability, and excellent quality, was selected.

[0055] S132: Seed potato treatment: After the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, strict selection is carried out to remove rotten, diseased, insect-infested, and damaged potatoes; diseased potatoes are discarded when cutting the seed potatoes into pieces, and the knives are disinfected with 75% alcohol; the weight of the seed potato pieces is 30 g, and only one bud is selected from each seed potato piece;

[0056] S14: Sow at the appropriate time:

[0057] S141: Sowing time: Sow when the air temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil temperature at 10 cm depth reaches 5°C. In the loess hilly region of eastern Gansu, early March is generally a good time.

[0058] S142: Sowing method: Use a special potato dibbler to sow manually in a "pin" shape 10 cm away from the catchment ditch on the ridge top. Plant 2 rows per ridge; place 1 potato tuber in each hole, sow at a depth of 5 cm, and after covering the soil, gently tread with feet to make the tuber in close contact with the soil, preventing the sowing hole from hardening due to rain and excessive moisture evaporation affecting seedling emergence.

[0059] S143: Reasonable close planting: For plots with poor water and fertilizer conditions, varieties with a long growth period should be planted sparsely; for plots with sufficient water and fertilizer, varieties with a short growth period should be planted densely. In the loess hilly region of eastern Gansu, the plant spacing is 33 cm, and the seedling retention is 4000 plants per 667 m 2 ;

[0060] S15: Field management:

[0061] S151: Seedling stage management: If it rains after sowing, hardening will form on the sowing hole, and it should be broken in time; if the newly emerged seedlings are misaligned with the sowing hole, the seedlings should be released in time; for plots with a seedling shortage exceeding 2 m, replanting should be carried out in time.

[0062] S152: Mid - and late - stage management: During the tuber swelling period, cover the plastic film with an appropriate amount of soil to reduce the temperature inside the ridge and create a cool soil environment for the swelling of potato tubers; for plots lacking fertilizer, top - dress the roots with 5 kg of urea per 667 m 2 ; Do not top - dress or top - dress less during drought, and increase the top - dressing amount appropriately when there is sufficient rain and good soil moisture.

[0063] S16: Pest, disease and weed control:

[0064] S161: Main disease control: Common potato diseases include late blight, ring rot, common scab, virus disease, etc. Disease control mainly relies on agricultural control. Select plots with good drainage for planting to prevent waterlogging in the field after rain; select disease - free and disease - resistant virus - free seeds; remove diseased plants in time; chemical control can be used when necessary.

[0065] S162: Pest control: Dissolve 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystal in 1 kg of water, spray it on 35 kg of fine soil, and then spread the fine soil in the ditch to control white grubs; at the initial stage of aphid occurrence, 3 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be mixed with 60 kg of water for spraying control per 667 m 2 ;

[0066] S163: Chemical weeding: Since black plastic film is used for potato planting, there are fewer weeds in the field. For plots with serious damage from scattered weeds, manual weeding can be carried out.

[0067] S17: Timely Harvest: When the leaves in the field turn yellow at the end of June, choose a sunny day with dry soil and harvest potatoes mechanically or manually. Before harvesting, kill the vines mechanically or manually and remove the plastic film to avoid soil contamination. After the tubers are dug up, dry them for 3 hours before sorting and bagging them. At the same time, remove the soil from the tubers and pick out damaged and rotten tubers.

[0068] S2: Double-crop corn cultivation techniques:

[0069] S21: Variety selection: In the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Longdong, in order to ensure that the corn matures and the kernels are harvested in years with normal climate, and that the corn cannot mature and the straw is harvested for silage in years with abnormal climate, the second crop corn variety selected is the early-maturing corn variety Kewo 028, which is suitable for both grain and forage.

[0070] S22: Land preparation: After the first crop of potatoes is harvested, deep plowing should be carried out in a timely manner to remove stubble, with a depth of 20 cm;

[0071] S23: Fertilization: Apply inorganic fertilizer during land preparation. The amount of inorganic fertilizer applied is 12.0 kg / 667 m³ of pure N. 2 P2O5 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 K2O 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 22.7 kg of urea per 667 m³. 2 Diammonium phosphate 8.7 kg / 667m 2 Potassium sulfate 8.0 kg / 667 m 2 ;

[0072] S24: Ridging and Mulching: Mechanical ridge making and mulching are employed, using white mulch film that is 120 cm wide and 0.010 mm thick. Mechanical ridge making and mulching: A corn double-ridge ridge making and mulching integrated machine is used to complete the ditching, ridging, mulching, soil covering, and film pressing in one operation, starting from the edge of the field. The resulting large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, while the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high.

[0073] S25: Sowing:

[0074] S251: Sowing time: early July;

[0075] S252: Sowing density: 5000 plants / 667m² 2 ;

[0076] S253: Sowing method: Use a corn planter to break the film of the seed and sow one seed in each furrow, at a depth of 3 cm.

[0077] S26: Field Management

[0078] S261: Early Management: If it rains after sowing, the sowing holes are prone to hardening. Use a shovel to break up the hardened clumps and allow the seedlings to emerge from the soil. Check the seedlings 10 days after sowing. If any seedlings are missing or the rows are broken, replant or transplant them in time. Thin the seedlings when they have 2 leaves, removing diseased, weak, and mixed seedlings. When the seedlings have 4 leaves, finalize the spacing, keeping one strong seedling with uniform growth in each hole. During the jointing stage, promptly break off or cut off the tillers from the base.

[0079] S262: Mid-to-late stage management: Apply topdressing fertilizer to the roots of nutrient-deficient plots during the corn tasseling stage, at a rate of 1000 ppm per 667 m². 2 Apply 5 kg of urea as a top dressing;

[0080] S27: Pest and disease control: The main corn diseases are corn smut and corn smut, and the main pests are cutworms, corn borers, spider mites, aphids, etc. Proper control should be carried out under the guidance of plant protection personnel.

[0081] S28: Harvesting: In normal years, harvest the kernels when they are ripe; harvest at the end of October when the corn husks turn yellow, the kernels harden, and the milk lines disappear, and remove them from storage when the moisture content is below 13%; in years with abnormal weather, if the kernels are not ripe, harvest the straw for silage; use mechanical harvesting, crushing, transportation, and silage to complete safe storage in one go;

[0082] S29: Residual film recycling: After the second crop of corn is harvested, the old plastic film is removed in time using a residual film recycling machine.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment provides a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose maize (for both grain and feed) in a year in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​eastern Gansu, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] S1: Single-crop potato cultivation techniques:

[0086] S11: Site selection and land preparation: Select a flat, loose, well-drained plot of land with rich organic matter content. The previous crop should preferably be corn, beans, or wheat. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove waste plastic film and stubble to improve the efficiency of deep rotary tillage.

[0087] S12: Fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching: Operations are carried out before sowing in early March. The procedures of fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching are completed in one go by a vertical deep rotary tiller. This machine was jointly developed by the Dryland Agriculture Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Dingxi Kunfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and has been authorized with a national utility model patent.

[0088] S121: Fertilization: Base fertilizer consists of a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer should be farmyard manure, applied at a rate of 2000 kg / 667 m³. 2The dosage is evenly spread on the ground surface; for inorganic fertilizers, urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are selected, and the fertilization amount is 10 kg of pure N per 667 m 2 , 4 kg of P2O5 per 667 m 2 , 5 kg of K2O per 667 m 2 , and the converted fertilizer amount is 18.3 kg of urea per 667 m 2 , 8.7 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m 2 , 10.0 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m 2 , which is applied into the tillage zone through a fertilizer box along with vertical deep rotary tillage and mixed evenly with the soil;

[0089] S122: Vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging, and mulching: Use a tractor with a power of more than 40 horsepower to tow a vertical deep rotary tiller for vertical deep rotary tillage. It is required that the tractor advances at a constant speed during tillage, with a speed of 8 km / h and a tillage depth of 38 cm. Only vertical deep rotary tillage is carried out in the tillage zone, and no tillage is done in the no-till zone. Finally, a bandwidth of 100 cm is formed, where the ridging width in the tillage zone is 60 cm, the height is 20 cm, the small ditch width in the middle of the ridging surface is 3 cm, and the depth is 10 cm; the no-till bandwidth is 40 cm; during tillage, mulching is carried out. Select a black plastic film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.011 mm. The vertical deep rotary tiller has its own plastic film punching device, and there is a water infiltration hole every 15 cm for the laid plastic film; after mulching, livestock are strictly prohibited from entering the field, and the plastic film is prevented from being blown away by strong winds;

[0090] S13: Seed potato preparation:

[0091] S131: Selection of fine seeds: Combining the climatic characteristics and natural conditions of the Loess Hilly Region in eastern Gansu, select the early-maturing potato virus-free fine variety 'Netherland No. 16' with regular tuber shape, strong stress resistance, good commerciality, and excellent quality;

[0092] S132: Seed potato treatment: After the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, strictly select the seeds, and eliminate rotten, diseased, insect-damaged, and injured seed potatoes; when cutting the seed potatoes, eliminate diseased potatoes, and disinfect the cutting tools with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; the quality of the cut seed potatoes is 40 g, and only 2 bud eyes are left on each seed potato;

[0093] S14: Sowing at the appropriate time:

[0094] S141: Sowing time: Sow when the air temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil temperature at 10 cm depth reaches 6°C. Generally, early March is better in the Loess Hilly Region in eastern Gansu;

[0095] S142: Sowing method: Manually sow in a 'pin' shape 12 cm away from the catchment ditch on the ridge top using a special potato dibbler. Two rows are planted on each ridge; put 2 seed potato pieces in each hole, and the sowing depth is 8 cm. After covering the soil, evenly step on it with your feet to make the seed potato pieces closely contact the soil, so as to prevent the sowing holes from being compacted by rain and a large amount of moisture evaporation affecting the emergence of seedlings;

[0096] S143: Reasonable planting density: In areas with poor water and fertilizer conditions, varieties with long growing seasons should be planted sparsely; in areas with sufficient water and fertilizer, varieties with short growing seasons should be planted densely. In the Loess Hilly Area of ​​eastern Gansu, the plant spacing should be 33 cm, maintaining 4000 plants / 667 m². 2 ;

[0097] S15: Field Management

[0098] S151: Seedling Management: If it rains after sowing, the sowing holes will become crusty, which should be broken up in time; if the newly emerged seedlings are misaligned with the sowing holes, they should be transplanted in time; in areas where seedlings are missing for more than 2 meters, they should be replanted in time.

[0099] S152: Mid-to-late stage management: During the tuber enlargement period, cover the mulch with an appropriate amount of soil to lower the temperature within the ridges and create a cool soil environment conducive to potato tuber enlargement; for nutrient-deficient plots, apply 5 kg / 667 m² of urea as root fertilizer. 2 During droughts, apply little or no fertilizer; when there is sufficient rainfall and good soil moisture, increase the amount of fertilizer appropriately.

[0100] S16: Disease, pest, and weed control:

[0101] S161: Major Disease Control: Common potato diseases include late blight, ring rot, canker, and viral diseases. Disease control is mainly achieved through agricultural methods, such as planting in well-drained fields to prevent waterlogging after rain; using disease-free and disease-resistant virus-free seed potatoes; removing diseased plants promptly; and using chemical control when necessary.

[0102] S162: Pest control: Dissolve 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals in 1 kg of water, spray onto 35 kg of fine soil, and then spread the fine soil in the furrow to control grubs; at the initial stage of aphid infestation, apply per 667 m² 2 It can be controlled by spraying with 3 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder mixed with 60 kg of water;

[0103] S163: Chemical weed control: Because potatoes are planted with black plastic film mulch, there are fewer weeds in the field. For areas with severe weed infestation, manual weed control can be used.

[0104] S17: Timely Harvest: When the leaves in the field turn yellow at the end of June, choose a sunny day with dry soil and harvest potatoes mechanically or manually. Before harvesting, kill the vines mechanically or manually and remove the plastic film to avoid soil contamination. After the tubers are dug up, dry them for 4 hours before sorting and bagging them. At the same time, remove the soil from the tubers and pick out damaged and rotten tubers.

[0105] S2: Double-crop corn cultivation techniques:

[0106] S21: Variety selection: In the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Longdong, in order to ensure that the corn matures and the kernels are harvested in years with normal climate, and that the corn cannot mature and the straw is harvested for silage in years with abnormal climate, the second crop corn variety selected is the early-maturing corn variety Kewo 028, which is suitable for both grain and forage.

[0107] S22: Land preparation: After the first crop of potatoes is harvested, deep plowing should be carried out in a timely manner to remove stubble, with a depth of 22 cm;

[0108] S23: Fertilization: Apply inorganic fertilizer during land preparation. The amount of inorganic fertilizer applied is 12.0 kg / 667 m³ of pure N. 2 P2O5 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 K2O 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 22.7 kg of urea per 667 m³. 2 Diammonium phosphate 8.7 kg / 667m 2 Potassium sulfate 8.0 kg / 667 m 2 ;

[0109] S24: Ridging and Mulching: Mechanical ridge making and mulching are employed, using white mulch film that is 120 cm wide and 0.011 mm thick. Mechanical ridge making and mulching: A corn double-ridge ridge making and mulching integrated machine is used to complete the ditching, ridging, mulching, soil covering, and film pressing in one operation, starting from the edge of the field. The resulting large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, while the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high.

[0110] S25: Sowing:

[0111] S251: Sowing time: early July;

[0112] S252: Sowing density: 5000 plants / 667m² 2 ;

[0113] S253: Sowing method: Use a corn planter to break the film of the seeds and sow them in the furrows, 2 seeds per hole, at a depth of 4 cm.

[0114] S26: Field Management

[0115] S261: Early Management: If it rains after sowing, the sowing holes are prone to hardening. Use a shovel to break up the hardened clumps and allow the seedlings to emerge from the soil. Check the seedlings 10 days after sowing. If any seedlings are missing or the rows are broken, replant or transplant them in time. Thin the seedlings when they have 2 leaves, removing diseased, weak, and mixed seedlings. When the seedlings have 4 leaves, finalize the spacing, keeping one strong seedling with uniform growth in each hole. During the jointing stage, promptly break off or cut off the tillers from the base.

[0116] S262: Mid-to-late stage management: Apply topdressing fertilizer to the roots of nutrient-deficient plots during the corn tasseling stage, at a rate of 1000 ppm per 667 m². 2 Apply 8 kg of urea as a top dressing;

[0117] S27: Pest and disease control: The main corn diseases are corn smut and corn smut, and the main pests are cutworms, corn borers, spider mites, aphids, etc. Proper control should be carried out under the guidance of plant protection personnel.

[0118] S28: Harvesting: In normal years, harvest the kernels when they are ripe; harvest at the end of October when the corn husks turn yellow, the kernels harden, and the milk lines disappear, and remove them from storage when the moisture content is below 13%; in years with abnormal weather, if the kernels are not ripe, harvest the straw for silage; use mechanical harvesting, crushing, transportation, and silage to complete safe storage in one go;

[0119] S29: Residual film recycling: After the second crop of corn is harvested, the old film should be removed in a timely manner by manual removal.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] This embodiment provides a method for planting early-maturing potatoes and dual-purpose maize (for both grain and feed) in a year in the Loess Hilly Area of ​​eastern Gansu, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0122] S1: Single-crop potato cultivation techniques:

[0123] S11: Site selection and land preparation: Select a flat, loose, well-drained plot of land with rich organic matter content. The previous crop should preferably be corn, beans, or wheat. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove waste plastic film and stubble to improve the efficiency of deep rotary tillage.

[0124] S12: Fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching: Operations are carried out before the ground freezes in the previous year. The procedures of fertilization, vertical deep rotary tillage, ridging and mulching are completed in one go by a vertical deep rotary tiller. This machine was jointly developed by the Dryland Agriculture Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Dingxi Kunfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and has been authorized with a national utility model patent.

[0125] S121: Fertilization: Base fertilizer consists of a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer should be farmyard manure, applied at a rate of 2000 kg / 667 m³. 2 The fertilizer should be evenly spread on the soil surface; the inorganic fertilizer should consist of urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, with an application rate of 10 kg / 667m³ of pure nitrogen. 2 P2O5 4 kg / 667 m 2 K2O5 kg / 667 m 2 This translates to 18.3 kg of urea per 667 m³ of land. 2 8.7 kg / 667 m³ of diammonium phosphate 2 Potassium sulfate 10.0 kg / 667 m 2 The fertilizer is applied into the tillage zone through the fertilizer box along with vertical deep rotary tillage, and mixed evenly with the soil.

[0126] S122: Vertical deep tillage, ridging, and mulching: Use a tractor with a power of over 40 horsepower to tow a vertical deep tillage machine for vertical deep tillage. It is required that the tractor advances at a constant speed during tillage, with a speed of 10 km / h and a tillage depth of 40 cm. Only vertical deep tillage is carried out in the tillage zone, and no tillage is done in the no-tillage zone. Eventually, a bandwidth of 100 cm is formed, where the ridge width in the tillage zone is 60 cm, the height is 20 cm, the small ditch width in the middle of the ridge surface is 5 cm, and the depth is 10 cm; the no-tillage bandwidth is 40 cm; at the same time of tillage, mulching is carried out. Select a black plastic film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.012 mm. The vertical deep tillage machine has its own plastic film punching device, and there is a water infiltration hole every 20 cm for the laid plastic film; after mulching, livestock are strictly prohibited from entering the field, and efforts should be made to prevent the plastic film from being blown away by strong winds;

[0127] S13: Seed potato preparation:

[0128] S131: Selection of improved seeds: Considering the climate characteristics and natural conditions of the Loess Hilly Region in eastern Gansu, select the early-maturing potato virus-free improved variety Xisen No. 6 with regular potato shape, strong stress resistance, good commercial quality, and excellent quality;

[0129] S132: Seed potato treatment: After the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, strictly select the seeds, and eliminate rotten, diseased, insect-infested, and damaged seed potatoes; when cutting the seed potatoes, eliminate diseased potatoes, and disinfect the cutting tools with boiling water; the quality of the cut seed potatoes is 50 g, and only 2 bud eyes are selected for each seed potato;

[0130] S14: Sowing at the appropriate time:

[0131] S141: Sowing time: Sow when the air temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil temperature at 10 cm reaches 7°C. Generally, early March is better in the Loess Hilly Region in eastern Gansu;

[0132] S142: Sowing method: Use a special potato dibbler to sow manually in a "pin" shape 15 cm away from the catchment ditch on the ridge top. Plant 2 rows per ridge; put 2 seed potato pieces in each hole, and sow at a depth of 10 cm. After covering the soil, evenly step on it with your feet to make the seed potato pieces in close contact with the soil, so as to prevent the sowing holes from being compacted by rain and a large amount of moisture evaporation affecting the emergence of seedlings;

[0133] S143: Reasonable close planting: For plots with poor water and fertilizer conditions, varieties with a long growth period should be planted thinly; for plots with sufficient water and fertilizer, varieties with a short growth period should be planted densely. In the Loess Hilly Region in eastern Gansu, the plant spacing is 33 cm, and the seedling retention is 4000 plants / 667 m 2 ;

[0134] S15: Field management:

[0135] S151: Seedling stage management: If it rains after sowing, crusting will form on the sowing holes, and it should be broken in time; if the newly emerged seedlings are misaligned with the sowing holes, the seedlings should be released in time; for plots with a seedling shortage exceeding 2 m, replanting should be carried out in time;

[0136] S152: Mid-to-late stage management: During the tuber enlargement period, cover the mulch with an appropriate amount of soil to lower the temperature within the ridges and create a cool soil environment conducive to potato tuber enlargement; for nutrient-deficient plots, apply 5 kg / 667 m² of urea as root fertilizer. 2 During droughts, apply little or no fertilizer; when there is sufficient rainfall and good soil moisture, increase the amount of fertilizer appropriately.

[0137] S16: Disease, pest, and weed control:

[0138] S161: Major Disease Control: Common potato diseases include late blight, ring rot, canker, and viral diseases. Disease control is mainly achieved through agricultural methods, such as planting in well-drained fields to prevent waterlogging after rain; using disease-free and disease-resistant virus-free seed potatoes; removing diseased plants promptly; and using chemical control when necessary.

[0139] S162: Pest control: Dissolve 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals in 1 kg of water, spray onto 35 kg of fine soil, and then spread the fine soil in the furrow to control grubs; at the initial stage of aphid infestation, apply per 667 m² 2 It can be controlled by spraying with 3 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder mixed with 60 kg of water;

[0140] S163: Chemical weed control: Because potatoes are planted with black plastic film mulch, there are fewer weeds in the field. For areas with severe weed infestation, manual weed control can be used.

[0141] S17: Timely Harvest: When the leaves in the field turn yellow at the end of June, choose a sunny day with dry soil and harvest potatoes mechanically or manually. Before harvesting, kill the vines mechanically or manually and remove the plastic film to avoid soil contamination. After the tubers are dug up, dry them for 5 hours before sorting and bagging them. At the same time, remove the soil from the tubers and pick out damaged and rotten tubers.

[0142] S2: Double-crop corn cultivation techniques:

[0143] S21: Variety selection: In the Loess Hilly Area of ​​Longdong, in order to ensure that the corn matures and the kernels are harvested in years with normal climate, and that the corn cannot mature and the straw is harvested for silage in years with abnormal climate, the second crop corn variety selected is the early-maturing corn variety Kewo 028, which is suitable for both grain and forage.

[0144] S22: Land preparation: After the first crop of potatoes is harvested, deep plowing should be carried out in a timely manner to remove stubble, with a depth of 25 cm;

[0145] S23: Fertilization: Apply inorganic fertilizer during land preparation. The amount of inorganic fertilizer applied is 12.0 kg / 667 m³ of pure N. 2 P2O5 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 K2O 4.0 kg / 667 m 2This translates to 22.7 kg of urea per 667 m³. 2 Diammonium phosphate 8.7 kg / 667m 2 Potassium sulfate 8.0 kg / 667 m 2 ;

[0146] S24: Ridging and Mulching: Manual ridge making and mulching are adopted. White mulch film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.012 mm is selected. Manual ridge making and mulching: Draw a boundary line 35 cm from the edge of the field. Use a row marker (large row tooth spacing 70 cm, small row tooth spacing 40 cm) to mark the marks along the boundary line in the order of small ridges and large ridges. Use a ridge making machine or walking plow to open furrows and ridges. The large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, and the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high. Open shallow furrows of 5 cm along the boundary line. Unfold the mulch film. Press the side closest to the boundary line into the shallow furrow with soil. Use a shovel to remove soil from under the edge of the mulch film every 1 m along the middle of the large ridge to fix it in place. The joint of the two mulch films is in the middle of the large ridge. Press the joint of the mulch film tightly with mulch film.

[0147] S25: Sowing:

[0148] S251: Sowing time: early July;

[0149] S252: Sowing density: 5000 plants / 667m² 2 ;

[0150] S253: Sowing method: Use a corn planter to break the film of the seeds and sow them in the furrows, 2 seeds per hole, at a depth of 5 cm;

[0151] S26: Field Management

[0152] S261: Early Management: If it rains after sowing, the sowing holes are prone to hardening. Use a shovel to break up the hardened clumps and allow the seedlings to emerge from the soil. Check the seedlings 10 days after sowing. If any seedlings are missing or the rows are broken, replant or transplant them in time. Thin the seedlings when they have 3 leaves, removing diseased, weak, and mixed seedlings. When the seedlings have 5 leaves, finalize the spacing, keeping one strong seedling with uniform growth per hole. During the jointing stage, promptly break off or cut off the tillers from the base.

[0153] S262: Mid-to-late stage management: Apply topdressing fertilizer to the roots of nutrient-deficient plots during the corn tasseling stage, at a rate of 1000 ppm per 667 m². 2 Apply 7 kg of urea as a top dressing;

[0154] S27: Pest and disease control: The main corn diseases are corn smut and corn smut, and the main pests are cutworms, corn borers, spider mites, aphids, etc. Proper control should be carried out under the guidance of plant protection personnel.

[0155] S28: Harvesting: In normal years, harvest the kernels when they are ripe; in early November, when the corn husks turn yellow, the kernels harden, and the milk lines disappear, harvest and dry them until the moisture content is below 13% before storing; in years of abnormal weather, if the kernels are not ripe, harvest the straw for silage; use mechanical harvesting, crushing, transportation, and silage to complete safe storage in one go;

[0156] S29: Residual film recycling: After the second crop of corn is harvested, the old plastic film is cleaned up and recycled by picking it up.

[0157] Comparative Example 1

[0158] Traditionally, farmers harvest corn once a year.

[0159] Comparative Example 2

[0160] Farmer model: early-maturing potatoes - winter wheat - early-maturing corn in the second year.

[0161] Early-maturing potato-maize dual-purpose cropping was carried out using the methods described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. After harvest, the yields of the first potato crop and the second maize crop were counted and the benefits were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0162] Table 1

[0163]

[0164] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the double-cropping method in this embodiment, where potatoes are sown in early March and harvested at the end of June, yields 2200~2290 kg / 667 m². 2 The net benefit is 1820~1946 yuan / 667m² 2 The second crop of corn is sown in early July and harvested at the end of October, with a yield of 390-430 kg / 667m³. 2 The net benefit is 69~173 yuan / 667m². 2 The average net profit for the two quarters was 2011 yuan / 667m². 2 This increases farmers' income by nearly 800 yuan per 667m² compared to the traditional single-harvest corn harvest per year. 2 Compared to farmers who harvest three crops every two years, this increases their annual income by an average of 1050 yuan per 667m². 2 Therefore, it can be seen that the double-cropping method in this embodiment can increase crop yield and farmers' net income.

[0165] Furthermore, the Loess Hilly Region of Longdong has an average annual precipitation of 600 mm, an average annual temperature of 10℃, a frost-free period of 180 days, and an effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ of approximately 2800℃, making it rich in water and heat resources, sufficient to meet the water and heat needs of two crops a year. Research has found that, compared to soil moisture after winter wheat or early-maturing corn harvests, the soil moisture content in the 0-40cm soil layer of early-maturing potato fields increases by 18%-25%, and the leaf area index (LAI) of double-cropping crops increases by 12%-31% during the jointing / timbering stage. On the other hand, during the potato planting season, the air temperature was around 8℃, and the soil temperature in the 0-25cm layer reached around 15℃ (with mulch covering), within the optimal temperature range for potato sprouting. During the flowering period (late May), the air temperature was around 20℃, and the soil temperature remained around 18℃. The corresponding temperatures during the starch accumulation period (mid-June) were 23℃ and 20℃ respectively, all within the optimal temperature range for potatoes, with an effective accumulated temperature of 1080℃, fully meeting the heat requirements for potato growth. When corn was replanted in early July, the soil temperature in the 0-25cm layer after mulch covering was around 25℃, around 30℃ during the jointing stage, around 28℃ during the silking stage, and around 22℃ during the grain-filling stage, basically within the optimal temperature range for corn growth, with an effective accumulated temperature of 1400℃. Therefore, the early-maturing potato-dual-purpose corn double-cropping technology of this embodiment can optimize the utilization structure of water and heat resources, achieve soil water and heat coupling, and significantly improve farmland productivity.

[0166] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food corn in a double cropping system in the hilly region of Longdong, characterized in that: Specifically comprising the following steps: S1: a crop of potato cultivation techniques: S11: select the site and prepare the site: select the site with flat terrain, loose soil, good permeability, and rich in organic matter, the previous crop with corn, beans, wheat stubble is good; after the previous crop harvest and promptly clean up the waste plastic mulch and root stubble, to improve the deep rotary tillage efficiency; S12: fertilization, vertical deep rotary, ridging and mulching: in early March before sowing or before the previous year before the operation of the frozen: S121: fertilization: base fertilizer with organic and inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer selected from farmyard manure, evenly spread on the ground; inorganic fertilizer selected from urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, through the fertilizer box with vertical deep rotary tillage into the tillage zone, mixed evenly with the soil; S122: vertical deep rotary, ridging, mulching: use tractor to pull vertical deep rotary tillage, uniform speed forward when tillage, only vertical deep rotary tillage in tillage zone, no tillage in no tillage zone, finally form 100 cm wide, of which tillage zone ridge width 60 cm, height 20 cm, ridge surface middle small ditch width 2~5 cm, depth 10 cm; no tillage zone width 40 cm; tillage at the same time mulching, selected from 120 cm wide, 0.010~0.012 mm thick black plastic mulch, vertical deep rotary machine with film punching device, the laid plastic film every 10~20 cm has a water infiltration hole; after mulching, strictly prohibit the livestock into the ground, and prevent the wind from uncovering the film; S13: seed potato preparation: S131: selection of good seeds: select the seed shape neat, strong resistance, good commodity, quality excellent early maturing potato virus-free seed; S132: seed potato treatment: after the seed tuber out of the cellar, strictly select, eliminate rotten, disease, insect, injury potato; seed potato cutting out of disease, cutting tool with 75% alcohol, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution disinfection or boiling water disinfection; seed potato cutting quality is 30~50 g, each seed potato only select 1~2 bud eye; S14: sowing in time: early March, when the temperature is stable at 5℃ or more, 10 cm soil temperature reaches 5~7℃; sowing, in the ridge top 10~15 cm from the catchment ditch "pin" with potato special dibbler artificial sowing, 2 rows per ridge; each hole put 1~2 seed tuber, sowing depth 5~10 cm, cover soil after uniform force with foot pressure, make the seed tuber and soil close contact, to prevent sowing hole rain and a large number of scattering influence on emergence; S15: field management: S151: seedling management: if the sowing hole will form after the rainfall, break in time; if the new out of the seedling and sowing hole misalignment, should be put in time; lack of seedling more than 2 m of land should be timely replanting; S152: middle and late stage management: tuber swelling period on the plastic film cover soil, reduce the temperature in the ridge, create a cool soil environment, conducive to the swelling of potato tuber; on the root of the missing fertilizer plot; drought, no or less tracking, when the rainfall is sufficient, good soil moisture, appropriate increase the amount of fertilizer; S16: disease and pest control: S161: Main disease control: mainly agricultural control, choose well-drained plots, prevent field waterlogging after rain; choose disease-free, disease-resistant virus-free seed potatoes; remove diseased plants in time; if necessary, chemical control can be used; S162: pest control: 0.5 kg of 90% dimethoate crystals is dissolved in 1 kg of water, sprayed on 35 kg of fine soil, and then the fine soil is spread in the ditch to control grubs; at the initial stage of aphid occurrence, 3 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with 60 kg of water for spraying; 2 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3 g can be used to control; S163: Chemical weeding: for scattered weeds in serious harm plots, manual weeding can be used; S17: Timely harvesting: at the end of June, when the leaves in the field turn yellow, choose dry and comfortable weather, use mechanical or manual harvesting of potatoes; before harvesting, use mechanical or manual seedling killing and mulch removal to avoid soil pollution; after the tubers are dug out, they are dried for 3-5 hours before being classified and bagged, while removing the soil on the tubers, broken and diseased tubers; S2: Two-crop corn cultivation technology: S21: Variety selection: select early-maturing corn varieties for both grain and forage; S22: Soil preparation: after the first crop of potatoes is harvested, deep plowing and stubble removal are done immediately, with a depth of 20-25 cm; S23: Fertilization: inorganic fertilizer is applied in combination with soil preparation; S24: Raising ridges and mulching: mechanical or manual ridge raising and mulching are used; the large ridges are 70 cm wide and 10 cm high, and the small ridges are 40 cm wide and 15 cm high; the mulch is white, 120 cm wide, and 0.010-0.012 mm thick; S25: Seeding: in early July, use a corn seeder to seed the seeds in the ditch, with 1-2 seeds per hole, and a depth of 3-5 cm; S26: Field management: S261: Early-stage management: if it rains after sowing, the sowing holes are prone to compaction, so use an iron shovel to knock out the compacted blocks and break the soil to encourage seedling growth; check the seedlings 10 days after sowing, and if there are gaps or gaps, replant or transplant them in time; remove weak, diseased, and weak seedlings at the 2-3 leaf stage, and keep 1 strong seedling per hole at the 4-5 leaf stage; at the jointing stage, remove the tillers from the roots or cut them off in time; S262: Mid-late stage management: apply root fertilizer to the fertilizer-free plots during the tasseling stage; S27: Disease and pest control; S28: Harvesting: in normal years, the grains can be harvested when they are mature; at the end of October or the beginning of November, when the corn bracts turn yellow, the grains become hard, and the milk line disappears, harvesting is done, and the harvested grains are dried until the moisture content is less than 13% before being stored; in abnormal weather years, if the grains are not mature, the straw is harvested for silage; use mechanical harvesting, crushing, hauling, and silage to complete the safe storage in one go; S29: Residual film recovery: after the second crop of corn is harvested, use a residual film recovery machine to remove the old mulch in time or use manual mulch removal and pick-up methods to clean up and recover.

2. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manure spreading amount in the step S121 is 2000 kg / 667 m 2 ; the inorganic fertilizer application amount is pure N 10 kg / 667 m 2 , P2O5 4 kg / 667 m 2 , K2O 5 kg / 667 m 2 , which is equivalent to 18.3 kg / 667 m of urea, 8.7 kg / 667 m of diammonium phosphate and 10.0 kg / 667 m of potassium sulfate. 2 2 2 ​​​ 3. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S122, the tractor power is >40 horsepower; the tractor advances at a speed of 5-10 km / h, and the tillage depth is 35-40 cm.

4. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding density is 33 cm in the step S14, and the seedling density is 4000 plants per 667 m 2 .

5. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S152, the topdressing is topdressing urea, the topdressing amount is 5 kg / 667 m 2 .

6. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizer application amount in the step S23 is pure N 12.0 kg / 667 m 2 , P2O5 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 , K2O 4.0 kg / 667 m 2 , which is equivalent to fertilizer amount of urea 22.7 kg / 667 m 2 , di-ammonium phosphate 8.7 kg / 667 m 2 , and potassium sulfate 8.0 kg / 667 m 2 .

7. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S25, the seeding density is 5000 plants / 667m 2 .

8. The early-maturing potato-cereal forage and food dual-purpose corn one-year two-crop planting method in the hilly region of Longdong according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S262, the topdressing is topdressing urea, the topdressing amount is 5~7 kg / 667 m 2 .

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