Water-saving seedling strengthening substrate for rice seedling raising

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising substrates, and discloses a water-saving seedling strengthening substrate for rice seedling raising, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 to 50 parts of peat soil, 20 to 25 parts of vermiculite, 15 to 25 parts of yellow mud, 8 to 10 parts of plant fiber leavening, 0.01 to 0.015 part of uniconazole and 1.85 to 1.99 parts of microbial agent. According to the scheme, the peat soil, the vermiculite and the yellow mud are used in a combined mode to obtain the matrix, the three components have a synergistic effect, the high water-holding capacity is achieved, the air permeability and the fertilizer-holding effect of the water-holding matrix can be effectively improved, and the quality of seedlings obtained through cultivation is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising substrates, and in particular to a water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate for rice seedling raising. Background Art

[0002] During the rice seedling raising process of machine transplanting, the large demand for the seedling raising substrate, unstable quality, and high risk of large-scale centralized rice seedling raising have made rice seedling raising the weakest link in the mechanized rice transplanting production. During the rice seedling raising process, the intelligent seedling raising substrate of the existing rice seedling raising factory needs to be irrigated a lot every other day to ensure that the rice seedlings can grow normally to the transplanting stage, and then the rice seedling trays and the growing seedlings are transported to the transplanter for transplanting, so as to realize the mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings. However, the current seedling raising substrate has poor water retention effect and needs to be irrigated with a large amount of water every other day. Not only does it have a very large demand for water, but frequent watering can also easily lead to nutrient loss in the seedling raising substrate, reducing the quality of the seedlings.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate with good water-retention effect for rice seedling cultivation, which not only effectively makes up for the deficiencies of the existing technology, but also can effectively retain and save water, avoid nutrient loss in the seedling cultivation substrate, and is of great significance for producing high-quality seedlings and increasing yields. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for rice seedling cultivation, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing machine-transplanted rice seedling substrate needs to be irrigated every other day, resulting in waste of water resources and loss of substrate nutrients.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a water-saving and strong rice seedling matrix for rice seedling cultivation, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-100 parts of a proppant, 8-10 parts of a fermented plant fiber, 0.01-0.015 parts of uniconazole, and 1.85-1.99 parts of a microbial agent.

[0006] Preferably, as an improvement, the microbial agent includes a combination of 0.3 to 0.6 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1.39 to 1.69 parts of Vitis vinifera.

[0007] Preferably, as an improvement, the proppant comprises 40-50 parts of peat soil, 20-25 parts of vermiculite, and 15-25 parts of yellow mud.

[0008] The principles and advantages of this solution are:

[0009] 1. Compared with the prior art that the seedling substrate is irrigated every other day and easily leads to nutrient loss, this solution obtains a water-saving and strong seedling substrate by combining multiple substrates, effectively improving the water retention capacity of the substrate, reducing the frequency and amount of irrigation, thereby reducing water resource waste and reducing nutrient loss. Among them, peat soil, as a nutrient substrate, has good looseness, air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention characteristics, which are crucial for rice seedling cultivation. Specifically, the physical and chemical properties of peat soil include a maximum water holding capacity of more than 140%, a gas phase content of 10% to 30%, and a liquid phase content of more than 40%. These indicators ensure that the substrate can provide the necessary conditions for seed germination and seedling growth. In addition, peat soil is also rich in macroelements and trace elements, which are essential for the growth of rice seedling fields. Therefore, using peat soil as a rice seedling substrate can not only promote the healthy growth of seedlings, but also improve the resistance of seedlings to diseases and pests, thereby reducing the application of fertilizers and pesticides, and achieving the purpose of environmental protection and increased production. Vermiculite is a lightweight, porous, and water-absorbent material. Its use not only improves soil structure and air permeability, but also increases soil water retention, which is beneficial to rice growth. The high viscosity of yellow mud helps to bond a variety of raw materials, effectively avoiding the loss of matrix or nutrients during irrigation, and improving the stability of the matrix effect. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that the matrix obtained by combining peat soil, vermiculite and yellow mud has a synergistic effect, which not only has a high water holding capacity, but also can effectively improve the air permeability and fertilizer retention effect of the water-retaining matrix, significantly improve the quality of the cultivated seedlings, and has unexpected technical effects.

[0010] 2. This scheme adds paclobutrazol to a variety of substrates. Paclobutrazol is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency plant growth regulator with both bactericidal and herbicidal effects, and is a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor. It has the functions of controlling vegetative growth, inhibiting cell elongation, shortening internodes, dwarfing plants, promoting lateral bud growth and flower bud formation, and enhancing stress resistance. Compared with similar products, it has higher activity and lower residue, and is greener and healthier. Specifically, its activity is 6 to 10 times higher than that of paclobutrazol, but its residue in the soil is only 1 / 10 of that of paclobutrazol, which reduces environmental pollution and improves the environmental benefits of machine-transplanted seedlings.

[0011] 3. This solution adds microbial agents to various substrates. On the one hand, it can increase soil activity and air permeability, improve soil aggregate structure, prevent soil compaction, and thus improve rice quality through the effects of microbial phosphorus and potassium dissolution and nitrogen fixation. On the other hand, it can also promote the growth and development of rice roots, help improve the plant's ability to absorb nutrients, improve the germination rate and seedling health, and facilitate mechanized transplanting.

[0012] 4. This scheme adds plant fiber fermentation products. On the one hand, it contains rich organic matter and trace elements, which can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the soil, mature the soil, enhance the soil's ability to retain and supply fertilizers and its buffering capacity, and provide good soil conditions for raising rice seedlings. On the other hand, the organic acids in the plant fiber fermentation products can promote the dissolution of mineral nutrients in the soil. When used in combination with chemical fertilizers, they can complement each other and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of fertilizers, thereby promoting seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, the rich nutrition in the plant fiber fermentation products can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing environmental pollution and helping to protect the ecological environment and groundwater quality. Finally, plant fiber comes from plants, and its fermentation products are also safe and non-irritating, and are easily degradable, which is very friendly to health and the environment.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the method for preparing the plant fiber fermentation product comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Raw material selection and pretreatment: Select plant raw materials rich in cellulose, and perform pretreatment by washing and crushing in sequence to obtain pretreated raw materials;

[0015] S2, acid-base treatment: using an acid-base solution to treat the above-mentioned pre-treated raw material, and obtaining an acid-base treated raw material after washing;

[0016] S3, enzymolysis: mixing the above acid-base treated raw materials with the enzyme preparation, and performing enzymolysis reaction to obtain an enzymolysis solution;

[0017] S4, fermentation preparation: adjusting the pH value and nutrient content of the enzymatic hydrolyzate to obtain a fermentation preparation solution;

[0018] S5, inoculation and fermentation: adding microbial strains to the fermentation preparation liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation mixture containing target products alcohol and organic acids;

[0019] S6. Product separation and purification: The fermentation mixture is centrifuged into fermentation liquid and residue, the fermentation liquid is distilled and extracted to separate the target product, and the residue is the plant fiber fermentation product.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Plant fiber fermentation products have many advantages due to their fiber fermentation characteristics, such as effectively providing nutrients, improving soil pH, increasing permeability, improving water retention, and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, thereby promoting rice rooting and growth to achieve the effect of saving water and strengthening rice seedlings. During the fermentation process, acid-base treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are used in sequence to facilitate the full fermentation and decomposition of cellulose in plant raw materials into small molecular nutrients, which are easier to be absorbed during the rice seedling cultivation process, promote the germination speed of rice and increase the growth of rice seedlings. In particular, before cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, the raw materials are treated with acid-base solutions to significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, including destroying the cellulose structure, increasing the specific surface area, removing impurities, adjusting the pH value and improving wettability. These effects can significantly improve the accessibility and fermentation efficiency of cellulose, thereby optimizing the entire fermentation process and improving the quality and yield of the final product. In addition, the residue after fermentation (i.e., the residue obtained by centrifugation of the fermentation mixture) is loose and porous, and can also effectively absorb water, further conserve water and save water, reduce the demand for water resources, and save water resources.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, in S1, the raw material is a plant with a cellulose content of not less than 30%, which is crushed to a particle size of less than 1 mm.

[0022] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting to effectively improve the exposure of cellulose in the raw material, facilitate subsequent full processing and fermentation, fully release nutrients, and benefit rice seedling cultivation. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the particle size of the plant crushing is too high, it is not convenient for cellulose to be exposed and fully fermented, which will cause the target product in the subsequent preparation of the plant fiber fermentation to fail to meet the requirements, not only prolonging the fermentation process, but also using low-quality plant fiber fermentation will only reduce the effect of water-retaining and strong seedling matrix.

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, in S2, the acid-base solution is a dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1-5% or a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1-3%, and the raw material temperature is maintained at 50-80°C during the treatment, and the treatment is carried out for 1-4 hours.

[0024] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting to effectively destroy the crystalline structure of cellulose, making it looser and increasing the accessibility of cellulose. In addition, the acid-base solution can also remove impurities such as soil, dust, metal ions, etc., reduce the inhibitory effect on enzymes or microorganisms, and improve the stability and efficiency of the fermentation process. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the concentration of the acid-base solution is too high, it will seriously damage the overall structure of the raw material, causing the raw material to become too loose or even dissolved, which is not convenient for washing and removing the acid-base solution and continuing subsequent processing; and excessive concentration will also introduce harmful by-products (such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, etc.), which will inhibit the growth of microorganisms and the activity of enzymes, and reduce the fermentation efficiency and effect. If the treatment temperature is too high or the treatment time is too long, it will cause the material to be over-degraded, the structure to be destroyed, and even the cellulose to be degraded into monosaccharides, which will be lost during the washing process, thereby reducing its utilization value in the fermentation process and causing the fermentation effect to decrease.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, in S3, the enzyme preparation is a composite enzyme preparation of cellulase or hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of not less than 5000 U / g; the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is carried out at a temperature of 45 to 55°C and a pH value of 4.5 to 5.5 for 24 to 72 hours.

[0026] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above settings to effectively improve the accessibility of cellulose, increase the content of fermentable sugars, reduce inhibitors produced in the acid-base treatment stage, increase the exposure rate of cellulose, and optimize the environment to be more suitable for fermentation, thereby effectively improving the quality of fermentation products and increasing economic benefits. Through these advantages, the efficiency and product quality of cellulose fermentation can be significantly improved, and sustainable biomanufacturing can be achieved.

[0027] Preferably, as an improvement, in S4, the pH value is adjusted to adjust the pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysate to 4.0-6.0.

[0028] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting, which facilitates the growth and full fermentation of fermentation microorganisms and improves the fermentation effect.

[0029] Preferably, as an improvement, in S5, the fermentation is carried out for 48 to 96 hours at a temperature of 28 to 35° C., a pH of 4.5 to 5.5, and a dissolved oxygen content of 20% to 40%; the fermentation endpoint is that the alcohol concentration in the fermentation mixture is not less than 5%, the organic acid concentration is not less than 10%, or the residual sugar concentration drops to less than 1%.

[0030] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned settings to effectively improve the nutritional content of plant fiber fermentation species, enhance their water retention and nutritional effects on rice seedling cultivation, and promote rice seedling cultivation.

[0031] Preferably, as an improvement, a method for using a water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate for rice seedling cultivation comprises adding the above-mentioned water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate to a planting substrate, wherein the added amount of the water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate is 2 to 4‰.

[0032] Beneficial effects: This solution adopts the above-mentioned settings to effectively promote the progress and effect of rice seedling cultivation. The applicant has also found through long-term experiments that if the amount of water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate added is too high, it will affect the rice seedling cultivation effect due to excess nutrition, while if the content is too low, it will reduce the water-saving and seedling-strengthening effects, or even have no seedling-strengthening effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is the growth condition of the seedlings after 5 days of seedling raising in the seedling raising matrix obtained by adding different amounts of water-saving and seedling-strengthening matrix in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is the overall situation of rice seedlings 5 ​​days after cultivation in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The present invention provides a water-saving and strong rice seedling matrix for rice seedling cultivation, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 to 100 parts of a proppant, 8 to 10 parts of a fermented plant fiber, 0.01 to 0.015 parts of uniconazole, and 1.85 to 1.99 parts of a microbial agent.

[0038] Among them, the proppant includes 40-50 parts of peat soil, 20-25 parts of vermiculite, and 15-25 parts of yellow mud. Peat soil effectively improves soil, increases fertility, and promotes plant growth. Adding vermiculite can effectively loosen the soil, improve air permeability, increase soil fluffiness, and adjust the acid-base balance of the soil; and vermiculite has strong water absorption and small temperature changes, which is conducive to the growth of crops and can also reduce fertilizer input. Yellow mud contains a large amount of minerals, which can not only purify water quality and eliminate toxins, but also increase soil viscosity and improve soil structure, effectively fixing plant roots.

[0039] Uniconazole is a broad-spectrum, highly effective plant growth regulator with both bactericidal and herbicidal effects, and is a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor. It has the effects of controlling vegetative growth, inhibiting cell elongation, shortening internodes, dwarfing plants, promoting lateral bud growth and flower bud formation, and enhancing stress resistance.

[0040] The microbial agent includes a combination of 0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1.69 parts of brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which effectively improves the stress resistance of crops and fixes nitrogen to provide nutrition for crops.

[0041] Plant fiber fermentation products have many advantages due to their fiber fermentation characteristics, such as effectively providing nutrients, improving soil pH, increasing permeability, improving water retention, and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, thereby promoting the rooting growth of rice and achieving the effect of saving water and strengthening seedlings.

[0042] In another embodiment, a method for preparing a plant fiber fermentation product is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Raw material selection and pretreatment: Select plant raw materials rich in cellulose, and perform pretreatment by washing and crushing in sequence to obtain pretreated raw materials;

[0044] The raw materials should be selected from plants with a cellulose content of no less than 30%, such as bamboo. The pretreatment is mainly to remove impurities through cleaning, and then crush to a particle size of less than 1mm to increase the exposure of cellulose.

[0045] S2, acid-base treatment: using an acid-base solution to treat the above-mentioned pretreated raw material to obtain an acid-base treated raw material;

[0046] Specifically, the acid-base solution is a 1-5% dilute sulfuric acid or a 1-3% sodium hydroxide solution. During the treatment, the raw material temperature is maintained at 50-80°C and the treatment is performed for 1-4 hours to destroy the plant cell wall structure. After the acid-base treatment, sufficient washing is required to remove the residual acid-base solution.

[0047] S3, enzymolysis: mixing the above acid-base treated raw materials with the enzyme preparation, and performing enzymolysis reaction to obtain an enzymolysis solution;

[0048] As a reference, the enzyme preparation can be a composite enzyme preparation such as cellulase and hemicellulase, and the enzyme activity of the enzyme preparation is not less than 5000U / g. The enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is carried out at a temperature of 45-55°C and a pH value of 4.5-5.5 for 24-72 hours. During the enzymatic hydrolysis process, it is necessary to stir regularly to ensure sufficient contact and reaction between the enzyme and the substrate.

[0049] S4, fermentation preparation: adjusting the pH value and nutrient content of the enzymatic hydrolyzate to obtain a fermentation preparation solution;

[0050] As a reference, the pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysate is adjusted to 4.0-6.0 to meet the growth needs of microorganisms. According to the needs of the microbial strains, appropriate amounts of nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources and other nutrients are added to adjust the nutritional components of the enzymatic hydrolysate to further meet the growth needs of microorganisms.

[0051] S5, inoculation and fermentation: adding microbial strains to the fermentation preparation liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation mixture containing target products alcohol and organic acids;

[0052] As a reference, yeast can be selected as the microbial strain, and its activity is not less than 10^8 CFU / mL. The inoculation amount of the microorganism is 7% to 12%. Fermentation is carried out for 48 to 96 hours at a temperature of 28 to 35°C, a pH value of 4.5 to 5.5, and a dissolved oxygen content of 20% to 40%, to produce target products such as alcohol and organic acids. The fermentation endpoint indicators are defined as follows: when the concentration of alcohol or organic acid in the fermentation mixture reaches a preset value (alcohol concentration is not less than 5%, organic acid concentration is not less than 10%), or the residual sugar concentration of the fermentation mixture drops to a lower level (such as less than 1%), the fermentation is stopped.

[0053] S6. Product separation and purification: The fermentation mixture is centrifuged into fermentation liquid and residue, the fermentation liquid is distilled and extracted to separate the target product, and the residue is the plant fiber fermentation product.

[0054] As a reference, the target product is separated by distillation, extraction and other methods; and the separated target product is purified through steps such as crystallization, filtration, and drying to obtain the quality requirements of the purified product.

[0055] In the water-saving and strong rice seedling matrix used in the scheme, the plant fiber fermentation product is directly weighed into the fermentation mixture obtained in S5, wherein the alcohol concentration in the plant fiber fermentation product is not less than 5%, the organic acid concentration is not less than 10%, and the residual sugar concentration is reduced to less than 1%.

[0056] Specifically, as a reference, in the water-saving and strong seedling matrix for rice seedling cultivation in this embodiment, the amounts of raw materials are: 45 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation, 0.01 parts of uniconazole, 0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1.69 parts of brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0057] During the rice seedling raising stage, the present invention also provides a method for using a water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate for rice seedling raising, comprising adding the water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate into a planting substrate, wherein the amount of the water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate added is 2-4‰.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amounts of raw materials used are different.

[0060] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 40 parts of peat soil, 28 parts of vermiculite, 22 parts of yellow mud, 10 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.02 parts of clofosazole, and 2 parts of microbial agent.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amounts of raw materials used are different.

[0063] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 50 parts of peat soil, 22 parts of vermiculite, 18 parts of yellow mud, 6 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of uniclobutrazol, and 1.5 parts of microbial agent.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that uniconazole is missing.

[0066] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 45 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, and 2 parts of microbial agents.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the microbial agent is missing.

[0069] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 45 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of yellow mud, 9.99 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, and 0.01 parts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that peat soil is lacking.

[0072] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 45 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of fermented plant fibers, 0.01 parts of uniclobutrazol, and 1.99 parts of microbial agents.

[0073] Comparative Example 4

[0074] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of peat soil is too small.

[0075] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 25 parts of peat soil, 35 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of uniclobutrazol, and 1.99 parts of microbial agents.

[0076] Comparative Example 5

[0077] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that vermiculite is missing.

[0078] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 60 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of clofossilane, and 1.99 parts of microbial agent.

[0079] Comparative Example 6

[0080] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of vermiculite is too small.

[0081] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 55 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of clofossilane, and 1.99 parts of microbial agent.

[0082] Comparative Example 7

[0083] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that yellow mud is missing.

[0084] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 55 parts of peat soil, 35 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of uniclobutrazol, and 1.99 parts of microbial agents.

[0085] Comparative Example 8

[0086] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of yellow mud is too small.

[0087] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 50 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of uniclobutrazol, and 1.99 parts of microbial agents.

[0088] Comparative Example 9

[0089] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the plant fiber fermentation product is missing.

[0090] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 48 parts of peat soil, 28 parts of vermiculite, 22 parts of yellow mud, 0.01 parts of clofossilane, and 1.99 parts of microbial agent.

[0091] Comparative Example 10

[0092] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of plant fiber fermentation product is too small.

[0093] Specifically, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 47 parts of peat soil, 27 parts of vermiculite, 22 parts of yellow mud, 2 parts of plant fiber fermentation products, 0.01 parts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 1.99 parts of microbial agent.

[0094] Experimental Example 1: Addition Effect Test

[0095] Different amounts of water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate (such as 0g, 10g, 15g, and 20g, after conversion, the amount of water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate added was 0‰, 2‰, 3‰, and 4‰) were added to 5L of substrate and rice variety Meixiangzhan No. 2 was sown. After 5 days of seedling raising, photos were taken to record the seedling raising effect. Figure 1-2 shown.

[0096] Figure 1 The growth of seedlings in the seedling raising medium obtained by adding different amounts of water-saving and strong seedling raising medium after 5 days of raising seedlings is shown. Figure 1 a shows the situation of rice seedlings after 5 days without adding water-saving and seedling-strengthening substrate (referred to as "water-retaining agent"), and there is basically no germination. Figure 1 b shows the germination of rice in the seedling medium with 10g water retaining agent added after 5 days of sowing and raising seedlings, with more germination; Figure 1 c is the germination of rice in the seedling medium with 15g water retaining agent added 5 days after sowing and raising seedlings. The germination rate is further improved, but the growth is not significantly improved; Figure 1 d shows the germination of rice 5 days after sowing and raising seedlings in the seedling raising medium with 20g of water retaining agent added. The rice has basically germinated and is growing well.

[0097] Figure 2 The overall situation of rice seedlings after 5 days is shown. There is basically no movement in the seedlings after 5 days of sowing in the seedling medium without adding water retaining agent, while the seedlings in the seedling medium with 20g water retaining agent added not only have a high germination rate, but also grow very well after 5 days. It can be seen that adding 10-20g of the water-saving and strong seedling medium in this scheme to the seedling medium can significantly increase the germination rate, speed up the seedling raising process, and shorten the seedling raising time.

[0098] Experimental Example 2: Effect Test

[0099] The water-saving and seedling-strengthening matrix obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 of this scheme was used for raising rice seedlings of the rice variety Meixiangzhan No. 2. The amount of the water-saving and seedling-strengthening matrix added to the seedling-raising matrix was 4‰, and peat soil alone, vermiculite alone, yellow mud alone, and plant fiber fermentation alone were used as control groups.

[0100] During the seedling raising process, the size of the seedling raising substrate in each seedling raising tray was 600 mm × 300 mm × 30 mm, the seed seedling raising density was 45 g / tray, each group was repeated 3 times, and the seedling raising effect was tested after 1 month of seedling raising. See Table 1 for details.

[0101] Among them, the grading standards for neatness and uniformity in the test indicators are as follows:

[0102] (1) Standards for uniformity grades

[0103] Grade A: The seedlings grow neatly, with uniform height, upright leaves, bright green color, no yellow leaves, diseases and insect pests, thick and flat base with elasticity, and the root system is firmly entangled and does not fall apart when lifted. This type of seedlings usually has a high emergence rate and germination rate, and has strong growth potential, making it the first choice for transplanting.

[0104] Grade B: The seedlings grow relatively evenly, but some may have slightly different heights, slightly drooping leaves, slightly lighter color, or slightly thin bases, and weaker root entanglement. The emergence and germination rates of this type of seedlings are also high, but the growth potential is slightly lower than that of Grade A. They can still be used for transplanting, but attention may need to be paid to management and maintenance after transplanting.

[0105] Grade C: The seedlings grow unevenly, with obvious height differences, severe drooping leaves, yellowing, or weak bases, and loose roots. The emergence and germination rates of these seedlings are low, and their growth potential is weak. They may not meet the requirements for transplanting, and need to be thinned out or replanted.

[0106] (2) Uniformity grade standard

[0107] Grade A: The rice seedlings are evenly distributed, with no obvious uneven density. The number of rice seedlings in each hole or seedling bed is moderate, and their growth conditions are similar. This type of rice seedling can ensure the consistency of the number and quality of rice seedlings in each hole during transplanting, which is conducive to the subsequent rice growth and yield.

[0108] Grade B: The seedlings are distributed relatively evenly, but there may be slight differences in the number of seedlings in some trays or beds, or slightly different growth conditions. When transplanting this type of seedlings, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting the number and quality of seedlings in each hole to ensure overall consistency.

[0109] Grade C: The rice seedlings are distributed very unevenly, with obvious uneven density, or the number of rice seedlings on each plug tray or seedling bed varies greatly. This type of rice seedlings may require a lot of adjustment and seedling supplementation work when transplanting to ensure that the growth and yield of rice are not affected.

[0110] Table 1 Seedling raising results

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Experimental data show that this scheme obtains a water-saving and strong seedling matrix by combining multiple matrices, effectively improving the water retention capacity of the matrix, reducing the frequency and amount of irrigation, thereby reducing water resource waste and nutrient loss.

[0114] Specifically, in Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of oxadiazole, the uniformity and uniformity of rice growth decreased, the number of leaves was small, and the dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts was low; in Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of microbial agents, the growth of rice was affected to a certain extent, the morphological indicators were relatively low, and the uniformity and uniformity were Class B; in Comparative Example 3, due to the lack of peat soil, the growth of rice was poor, the morphological indicators were relatively low, and the uniformity and uniformity were Class C; in Comparative Example 4, due to the lack of peat soil, the growth of rice was restricted to a certain extent, although the uniformity and uniformity were Class B, the morphological indicators were relatively low; in Comparative Example 5, due to the lack of vermiculite, the growth of rice was average, the morphological indicators were relatively low, and the uniformity and uniformity are Class B; in Comparative Example 6, the growth of rice is affected to a certain extent due to the lack of vermiculite, but the uniformity and uniformity are still Class B; in Comparative Example 7, the growth of rice is affected to a certain extent due to the lack of yellow mud, the morphological indicators are relatively low, and the uniformity and uniformity are Class B; in Comparative Example 8, the growth of rice is general due to the lack of yellow mud, and the morphological indicators, uniformity and uniformity are acceptable but not as good as those in the embodiment; in Comparative Example 9, the growth of rice is inhibited due to the lack of plant fiber fermentation, the morphological indicators are low, and the uniformity and uniformity are Class B; in Comparative Example 10, the growth of rice is general due to the lack of plant fiber fermentation, and the morphological indicators, uniformity and uniformity are mediocre.

[0115] When only peat soil is used for raising rice seedlings, the growth of rice will be restricted due to the lack of other nutrients and substances that improve soil structure, the morphological indicators will be relatively low, and the neatness and uniformity will be B-level; when only vermiculite is used for raising rice seedlings, the rice growth will be poor due to the insufficient nutrients and limited fertilizer retention capacity of the vermiculite itself, the number of leaves will be small, and the neatness and uniformity will be C-level; when only yellow mud is used for raising rice seedlings, the rice growth will be affected to a certain extent due to the possible viscosity and poor air permeability of the yellow mud, and the morphological indicators, neatness and uniformity will be average; when only plant fiber fermentation is used for raising rice seedlings, the growth of rice will be severely inhibited due to the lack of sufficient soil support and nutrient supply. Although the dry weight of the aboveground part is high (because the plant fiber fermentation contains a certain amount of organic matter), the overall growth is not good, and the neatness and uniformity are C-level.

[0116] It can be seen that this scheme uses a matrix obtained by combining peat soil, vermiculite and yellow mud. The three have synergistic effects and not only have a higher water holding capacity, but also can effectively improve the air permeability and fertilizer retention effect of the water-retaining matrix, significantly improving the quality of the cultivated seedlings.

[0117] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for rice seedling cultivation, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-100 parts of proppant, 8-10 parts of plant fiber fermentation product, 0.01-0.015 parts of uniconazole and 1.85-1.99 parts of microbial agent.

2. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent comprises a combination of 0.3 to 0.6 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1.39 to 1.69 parts of Vinifera chlororaphis.

3. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proppant comprises 40-50 parts of peat soil, 20-25 parts of vermiculite and 15-25 parts of yellow mud.

4. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the plant fiber fermentation product comprises the following steps: S1. Raw material selection and pretreatment: Select plant raw materials rich in cellulose, and perform pretreatment by washing and crushing in sequence to obtain pretreated raw materials; S2, acid-base treatment: using an acid-base solution to treat the above-mentioned pre-treated raw material, and obtaining an acid-base treated raw material after washing; S3, enzymolysis: mixing the above acid-base treated raw materials with the enzyme preparation, and performing enzymolysis reaction to obtain an enzymolysis solution; S4, fermentation preparation: adjusting the pH value and nutrient content of the enzymatic hydrolyzate to obtain a fermentation preparation solution; S5, inoculation and fermentation: adding microbial strains to the fermentation preparation liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation mixture containing target products alcohol and organic acids; S6. Product separation and purification: The fermentation mixture is centrifuged into fermentation liquid and residue, the fermentation liquid is distilled and extracted to separate the target product, and the residue is the plant fiber fermentation product.

5. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the raw material is a plant with a cellulose content of not less than 30%, which is crushed to a particle size of less than 1 mm.

6. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, the acid-base solution is a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 1-5% or a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1-3%. During the treatment, the temperature of the raw material is maintained at 50-80°C for 1-4 hours.

7. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the enzyme preparation is a composite enzyme preparation of cellulase and hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of not less than 5000 U / g; the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is carried out at a temperature of 45 to 55° C. and a pH value of 4.5 to 5.5 for 24 to 72 hours.

8. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S4, the pH value is adjusted to adjust the pH value of the enzymatic hydrolyzate to 4.0 to 6.

0.

9. The water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S5, fermentation is carried out for 48 to 96 hours at a temperature of 28 to 35° C., a pH of 4.5 to 5.5, and a dissolved oxygen content of 20% to 40%. The fermentation endpoint is that the alcohol concentration in the fermentation mixture is not less than 5%, the organic acid concentration is not less than 10%, or the residual sugar concentration drops to less than 1%.

10. A method for using a water-saving and strong rice seedling substrate for rice seedling cultivation, characterized in that: The method comprises adding the water-saving and seedling-strengthening matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 9 into a planting matrix, wherein the addition amount of the water-saving and seedling-strengthening matrix is ​​2 to 4‰.

Images