Rice hull fermentation substrate, method of making and fermentation device

Abstract

The application discloses a rice hull fermentation substrate and a preparation method and a fermentation device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing. The fermentation device comprises a carbonizer, a crusher, a screening device, a storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank. The application can increase the surface area of the rice hull, promote microbial contact and decomposition, improve the bioavailability of the rice hull, increase the fermentation rate of the rice hull and shorten the fermentation time by pretreating the rice hull containing water, crushing and mixing according to the particle size. The application can effectively perform stacking fermentation treatment on the rice hull, shorten the stacking fermentation time, improve the efficiency of biological fermentation, increase the content of humic acid in the rice hull after fermentation, is favorable for the application of the fermentation substrate in plants and promotes the absorption of nutrients by plants.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, in particular to a rice hull fermentation substrate, a preparation method thereof and a fermentation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rice is the most widely planted and highest yielding crop in the world. Rice hulls, as agricultural and forestry solid waste, have been difficult to utilize for a long time. The comprehensive utilization rate is currently less than 40%. How to utilize rice hulls well and solve the problem of reasonable use of rice hulls to turn waste into treasure is a significant task that we are facing. Years of practice have proved that using fermented rice hulls as a substrate nutrient soil and alcohol-fermented rice hulls as high-quality tree materials for flower seedling nutrient soil, especially with the development of modern vegetable seedling industry such as soilless culture, floating seedling and roof garden, the economic value of rice hulls has rapidly increased.

[0003] Due to the difference in main components of rice hulls caused by different varieties, production places and processing methods, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of rice hulls is usually as high as 70% or more. Rice hulls are one of the organic materials that are difficult to ferment, and the fermentation difficulty is very high. It is difficult to "tame" rice hulls through general fermentation.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of rice hulls, improve the fermentation rate of rice hulls, shorten the fermentation time, effectively increase the content of organic matter in the substrate, and prepare a substrate conducive to plant growth is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the above technical problems in the prior art to some extent.

[0006] To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a fermentation device for rice hull fermentation substrate, comprising a carbonizer, a crusher, a sifter, a rice hull storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank.

[0007] The discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0008] The crusher, the sifter and the rice hull storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the rice hull storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0009] The discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the feed port of the stirrer, and the discharge port of the stirrer is connected to the feed port of the fermentation tank.

[0010] The nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0011] Preferably, the crusher comprises a first crusher, a second crusher and a third crusher; the sifter comprises a first sifter, a second sifter and a third sifter; the shell storage tank comprises a first shell storage tank, a second shell storage tank and a third shell storage tank;

[0012] The first crusher, the first sifter and the first shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the first shell storage tank is connected with the feeding port of the quantitative conveyor and the feeding port of the second crusher respectively;

[0013] The second crusher, the second sifter and the second shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the second shell storage tank is connected with the feeding port of the quantitative conveyor and the feeding port of the third crusher respectively;

[0014] The third crusher, the third sifter and the third shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the third shell storage tank is connected with the feeding port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0015] More preferably, the diameter of the first sifter is 12mm; the diameter of the second sifter is 7mm; and the diameter of the third sifter is 3mm.

[0016] Preferably, the stirrer comprises a first stirrer, a second stirrer and a third stirrer; and the fermentation tank comprises a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank and a third fermentation tank;

[0017] The feeding port of the first stirrer is connected with the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor, and the discharge port of the first stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the first fermentation tank;

[0018] The discharge port of the first fermentation tank is connected with the feeding port of the second stirrer, and the discharge port of the second stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the second fermentation tank;

[0019] The discharge port of the second fermentation tank is connected with the feeding port of the third stirrer, and the discharge port of the third stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the third fermentation tank.

[0020] The first fermentation tank is connected with a first external power supply, the second fermentation tank is connected with a second external power supply, and the third fermentation tank is connected with a third external power supply.

[0021] Another object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the rice hull fermentation substrate, which uses the above device for fermentation, and comprises the following steps:

[0022] (1) The rice hull is divided into two parts, the first part of the rice hull is carbonized by a carbonizer to obtain carbonized rice hull, and the second part of the rice hull is crushed by a crusher, a sifter and a shell storage tank to obtain water-containing rice hull, and then the two parts of the rice hull are mixed;

[0023] (2) Mix rice husks, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphogypsum evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, then pile it up, cover the pile with a covering material, add a 4.5V external electric field and then ferment.

[0024] The covering material in this invention is used to keep the stack warm. It is equipped with ventilation holes to ensure that gas exchange can take place during the rice husk fermentation process and that there is enough oxygen. The covering material is made of black perforated mesh. The black color can absorb solar heat energy under open-air stacking conditions, which can play a better role in raising the temperature in the early stage of fermentation and in keeping warm and ventilating during the fermentation process.

[0025] (3) When the temperature inside the stack is 66-68℃ and the moisture content inside the stack drops to 40%, the fermentation aid is sprinkled on the surface of the stack, and the stack is turned over for the first time. The moisture content of the stack is adjusted to 55%. After turning the stack, the stack is fully covered with a covering material, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation.

[0026] (4) Usually, when the rice husk turns brown, it means that the silicone on the surface of the rice husk has been completely decomposed. Microorganisms can further decompose various nutrients in the rice husk. Therefore, after the rice husks fermented in step (3) turn brown, a second turning is carried out. After the second turning, a covering is attached, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation.

[0027] (5) Ferment until white mycelium appears on the rice husks, then turn the pile a third time to obtain the substrate. After turning the pile three times, cover it with a covering material and continue fermentation. The partial covering lowers the temperature of the pile. When the temperature drops below 40°C, the fermentation will be fully decomposed and a substrate will be formed, which is the rice husk fermentation substrate.

[0028] Compared to the conventional method of fermentation using outdoor stacking, the substrate preparation method of this invention can reduce the fermentation time, which can be completed in 15-17 days. When the outside temperature is high, the fermentation time is shortened accordingly, and when the outside temperature is low, the fermentation time is extended accordingly.

[0029] In order to ensure the oxygen content of the stack during the fermentation process, to ensure the aerobic fermentation process of microorganisms, and to ensure the efficiency of turning the stack, in addition, to avoid the phenomenon of suffocation and the difficulty in dissipating heat, the height of the stack should not exceed 2.5m, and the preferred stack height is 1-1.5m.

[0030] Furthermore, the mass ratio of water-containing rice husks to carbonized rice husks in step (1) is 25-28:1;

[0031] The beneficial effect of the above scheme is that: directly fermenting the obtained water-containing rice hulls is convenient to operate, and in addition, adding carbonized rice hulls can make the color of the pile darker, absorb more heat, usually, the pile is set in an open environment, and adding carbonized rice hulls can also absorb solar heat energy, thereby improving the temperature rising and insulation capacity in the initial stage of composting.

[0032] Furthermore, the water-containing rice hulls are immersed in water for more than 24 hours before fermentation.

[0033] Further, the carbonization is under anaerobic conditions, at 510-520 DEG C, for 2-3 hours;

[0034] The water-containing rice hulls include primary broken rice hulls, secondary broken rice hulls and tertiary broken rice hulls; the particle size of the primary broken rice hulls is 12 mm, the particle size of the secondary broken rice hulls is 7 mm, and the particle size of the tertiary broken rice hulls is 3 mm; and the mass ratio of the primary broken rice hulls, the secondary broken rice hulls and the tertiary broken rice hulls is 1:7:3.

[0035] Under the conditions of the ratio and particle size defined in the application, the bioavailability of the rice hulls can be effectively improved, and the fermentation process of the rice hulls by microorganisms can be optimized.

[0036] Further, during the pile fermentation process of the application, an external electric field is continuously provided for the pile, which can promote the synthesis of humus by composting microorganisms and accelerate the degradation of organic matter. In the application, an external electric field of 4.5 V or 5 V is used. The external electric field can use 4.5 V or 5 V direct current voltage and conductive carbon felt negative material, or 4.5 V or 5 V direct current voltage and stainless steel anode material. The above method is used for fermentation treatment of rice hulls, sufficient fermentation of rice hulls, and use of the fermented rice hulls as a support substrate for plant fertilizer.

[0037] Further, the mass ratio of the rice hulls to nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) is 210-240:1;

[0038] The beneficial effect of the above scheme is that: under the ratio conditions of the application, a good carbon-nitrogen ratio can be achieved, under the conditions of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the microorganisms can be provided with optimal carbon source and nitrogen source and carbon-nitrogen ratio, which is beneficial to the growth and development of microorganisms, i.e. beneficial to the fermentation of rice hulls by microorganisms. In addition, during the fermentation process, the microorganisms decompose the nitrogen fertilizer, and the substrate after fermentation can provide abundant nitrogen source for the growth of plants, which is beneficial to the growth of plants. The nitrogen fertilizer can be urea, or organic nitrogen fertilizer such as cow dung and chicken manure.

[0039] The mass ratio of the rice hulls to phosphogypsum is 100:32-35;

[0040] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that the phosphogypsum can increase the bulk density and water holding porosity, and the development trend of alkalization in the fermentation process of the pile matrix is considered, and the appropriate reduction of the pH value of the pile can reduce the loss of ammonia.

[0041] Further, the fermentation aid in step (3) is the fermentation aid of Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of the rice husk to the fermentation aid is 200-220:1.

[0042] The above fermentation aid can help the microorganisms to ferment the rice husk and provide more nutrients for the microbial fermentation process.

[0043] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a rice husk fermentation matrix prepared by the above preparation method.

[0044] Another purpose of the present application is to provide the application of the prepared rice husk fermentation matrix in tobacco planting.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present application are that:

[0046] 1. The present application pretreats the water-containing rice husk, crushes it, and mixes it according to the particle size ratio, which can increase the surface area of the rice husk, promote the contact and decomposition of the microorganisms, improve the bioavailability of the rice husk, and thus improve the fermentation rate of the rice husk and shorten the fermentation time. In addition, under the condition of the particle size ratio, the air in the pile can also be adjusted, the ventilation can be controlled, and the aerobic fermentation of the pile can be ensured.

[0047] 2. The present application adds carbonized rice husk and a reasonable ratio of water-containing rice husk to carbonized rice husk, which can heat and keep warm, optimize the fermentation process of the rice husk, shorten the fermentation time, and similarly, the carbonized rice husk can also adjust the air in the pile, and under the condition of the ratio of the carbonized rice husk, the ventilation can be controlled, the aerobic fermentation of the pile can be ensured, and the fermentation process can be further optimized.

[0048] 3. The phosphogypsum used in the present application can increase the bulk density and water holding porosity, and considering the development trend of alkalization in the fermentation process of the pile matrix and the fact that the appropriate reduction of the pH value of the pile can reduce the loss of ammonia, the present application can optimize the composting conditions by adding a reasonable proportion of phosphogypsum to achieve better composting effect.

[0049] 4. The application adopts the method of physical and biological synergy, and the method of promoting biological fermentation by external voltage to treat rice husks, which can effectively perform the stacking fermentation treatment on the rice husks, shorten the stacking fermentation time, and improve the biological fermentation efficiency, so that the microorganisms can quickly and efficiently ferment the rice husks, and the humic acid content of the fermented rice husks is improved, which is beneficial to the application of the fermentation substrate in plants and promotes the absorption of nutrients by plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor based on the provided drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 The photo of tobacco root system planted by the substrate of the present application embodiment 2;

[0052] Figure 2 The photo of tobacco root system planted by the special seedling substrate for flue-cured tobacco produced by Jianghua Fengfa Cooperative;

[0053] Figure 3 The structure flow diagram of the fermentation device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below, and the examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purpose, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0056] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, the terms "mounting", "connected", "connecting", "fixed", and the like should be interpreted broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature "on", "above" and "above" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0058] Embodiment 1

[0059] A rice hull fermentation substrate fermentation device, comprising a carbonizer, a crusher, a sizer, a storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank;

[0060] The discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0061] The crusher, the sizer and the storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0062] The discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the feed port of the stirrer, and the discharge port of the stirrer is connected to the feed port of the fermentation tank.

[0063] The nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0064] In some embodiments, the crusher comprises a first crusher, a second crusher and a third crusher; the sizer comprises a first sizer, a second sizer and a third sizer; the storage tank comprises a first storage tank, a second storage tank and a third storage tank;

[0065] The first crusher, the first sizer and the first storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the first storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the second crusher, respectively.

[0066] The second crusher, the second screen and the second shell storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the second shell storage tank is connected with the feeding port of the quantitative conveyor and the feeding port of the third crusher respectively;

[0067] The third crusher, the third screen and the third shell storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the third shell storage tank is connected with the feeding port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0068] In some other embodiments, the diameter of the first screen is 12 mm; the diameter of the second screen is 7 mm; and the diameter of the third screen is 3 mm.

[0069] In some embodiments, the stirrer comprises a first stirrer, a second stirrer and a third stirrer; and the fermentation tank comprises a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank and a third fermentation tank;

[0070] The feeding port of the first stirrer is connected with the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor, and the discharge port of the first stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the first fermentation tank;

[0071] The discharge port of the first fermentation tank is connected with the feeding port of the second stirrer, and the discharge port of the second stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the second fermentation tank;

[0072] The discharge port of the second fermentation tank is connected with the feeding port of the third stirrer, and the discharge port of the third stirrer is connected with the feeding port of the third fermentation tank.

[0073] In some other embodiments, the first fermentation tank is connected with a first external power supply, the second fermentation tank is connected with a second external power supply, and the third fermentation tank is connected with a third external power supply.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] A preparation method of a rice hull fermentation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0076] (1) The rice hull is divided into two parts, the first part of the rice hull is carbonized by a carbonizer under anaerobic condition at 515℃ for 2.5h to obtain carbonized rice hull, and the second part of the rice hull is broken by a crusher, a screen and a shell storage tank to obtain water-containing rice hull, then the two parts of the rice hull are mixed; the mass ratio of the water-containing rice hull to the carbonized rice hull is 26:1; the mass ratio of the primary broken rice hull, the secondary broken rice hull and the tertiary broken rice hull in the water-containing rice hull is 1:7:3;

[0077] (2) The rice hull, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus gypsum are mixed uniformly, the mass ratio of the rice hull to the nitrogen fertilizer is 225:1; the mass ratio of the rice hull to the phosphorus gypsum is 100:33, water is added to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, then the mixture is stacked, a covering is fully covered on the stack, an external electric field of 4.5V is added, and then fermentation is carried out;

[0078] (3) when the temperature in the pile is 67℃ and the moisture content in the pile is reduced to 40%, the fermentation aid is scattered on the surface of the pile, the pile is turned over for the first time, the moisture content of the pile is adjusted to 55%, the pile is fully covered after turning over, and the fermentation continues after adding a 5V external electric field; the fermentation aid is the Jinbao-be fermentation aid sold by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of rice husk to fermentation aid is 210:1

[0079] (4) after the rice husk in step (3) is brown, the pile is turned over for the second time, the pile is covered after the second turning over, and the fermentation continues after adding a 5V external electric field;

[0080] (5) when the rice husk appears white mycelium, the pile is turned over for the third time, the base material is obtained, and the pile is half-covered after the third turning over and then fermented, thereby obtaining the rice husk fermentation substrate.

[0081] The content of humus in the rice husk fermentation substrate is measured, and the results show that the mass percentage of humus is 33.4%.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] The method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that no carbonized rice husk is added.

[0084] The content of humus in the rice husk fermentation substrate is measured, and the results show that the mass percentage of humus is 21.3%.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] The method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the water-containing rice husk is not subjected to a pre-treatment of graded crushing.

[0087] The content of humus in the rice husk fermentation substrate is measured, and the results show that the mass percentage of humus is 19.3%.

[0088] Test Example 1

[0089] The fermentation rice husk substrate is used for tobacco planting. The tobacco seeds are Xiangyan No. 5 coated seeds, treatment 1 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 2, marked as T1, treatment 2 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 3, marked as T2, treatment 3 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 4, marked as T3, and the conventional seedling substrate is a tobacco seedling substrate produced by Jianghua Fengfa Cooperative, marked as T4. The application amount of the tobacco seedling substrate and the rice husk fermentation seedling substrate is the same. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experiment, 3 parallel experiments are used for each T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatment, and the seedling test is carried out in the same seedling pool.

[0090] In order to study the influence of different substrates on plant growth, the following survey indicators were measured in the experiment:

[0091] The germination potential and germination rate of each treatment were measured at 10 days and 15 days after sowing.

[0092] At the seedling stage, 5 plants were randomly sampled from each treatment, and their plant height, stem circumference, and fresh and dry weight of the underground part of the tobacco plant were measured.

[0093] At the seedling stage, 5 plants were randomly sampled from each treatment, and their primary lateral root number and average root surface area, secondary lateral root number and average root surface area, and total root number and average root surface area were measured.

[0094] 1.1 Germination of tobacco seedlings in different seedling substrates

[0095] The results showed that the germination potential and germination rate of each treatment were better than the control, the germination potential ranking was T1 > T2 > T3 > T4, the germination rate ranking was T1 > T3 > T2 > T4, and the overall germination potential and germination rate performance of treatment T1 was the best. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 Effect of different seedling substrates on germination potential and germination rate of tobacco seedlings

[0097] Treatment Germination potential (%) Germination rate (%) T1 97 97 T2 85 90 T3 79 92 T4 37 85

[0098] 1.2 Agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings in different seedling substrates

[0099] From Table 2, at the seedling stage, the plant height ranking was T1 > T4 > T3 > T2, the stem circumference ranking was T1 > T4 > T3 > T2, the root fresh weight ranking was T1 > T3 > T4 > T2, and the root dry weight ranking was T1 > T3 > T4 > T2. Overall, the plant height, stem circumference, and root fresh and dry weight of the tobacco seedlings cultivated by treatment T1 were higher than the control, and the overall agronomic traits of the tobacco seedlings in treatment T1 were the best.

[0100] Table 2 Effect of different seedling substrates on agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings

[0101]

[0102] 1.3 Root system of tobacco seedlings in different seedling substrates

[0103] From Table 3, at the seedling stage, the primary lateral root number ranking was T1 > T3 > T2 > T4, the secondary lateral root number ranking was T1 > T2 > T4 > T3, the total root number ranking was T1 > T2 > T4 > T3, the average root surface area ranking was T3 > T2 > T1 > T4, and the overall root system of the tobacco seedlings ranking was T1 > T2 > T3 > T4, and the root system development of treatment T1 was the best.

[0104] Table 3 Effect of different substrate ratios on the root system of tobacco seedlings

[0105]

[0106] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Also, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate, characterized in that, A fermentation device using rice husk fermentation substrate is adopted, which includes a carbonizer, crusher, screener, husk storage tank, quantitative conveyor, agitator, fermentation tank, nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and water tank; The discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor; the crusher, screener, and storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the storage tank is connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor; the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the inlet of the agitator, and the discharge port of the agitator is connected to the inlet of the fermentation tank; the nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor. The crusher includes a first crusher, a second crusher, and a third crusher; the screener includes a first screener, a second screener, and a third screener; the storage tank includes a first storage tank, a second storage tank, and a third storage tank. The first crusher, the first screener, and the first storage tank are connected in sequence. The outlet of the first storage tank is connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor and the inlet of the second crusher, respectively. The second crusher, the second screener, and the second storage tank are connected in sequence. The outlet of the second storage tank is connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor and the inlet of the third crusher, respectively. The third crusher, the third screener, and the third storage tank are connected in sequence. The outlet of the third storage tank is connected to the inlet of the quantitative conveyor. The diameter of the first screener is 12 mm. The diameter of the second screener is 7 mm. The diameter of the third screener is 3 mm. Includes the following steps: (1) The rice husks are divided into two parts. The first part of the rice husks is carbonized using a carbonizer to obtain carbonized rice husks. The second part of the rice husks is crushed using a crusher, a sieve, and a storage tank to obtain water-containing rice husks. The two parts of rice husks are then mixed. The mass ratio of the water-containing rice husks to the carbonized rice husks is 25-28:

1. The carbonization is carried out under anaerobic conditions at 510-520℃ for 2-3 hours. The water-containing rice husks include primary crushed rice husks, secondary crushed rice husks, and tertiary crushed rice husks. The particle size of the primary crushed rice husks is 12mm, the secondary crushed rice husks is 7mm, and the tertiary crushed rice husks is 3mm. The mass ratio of the primary crushed rice husks, the secondary crushed rice husks, and the tertiary crushed rice husks is 1:7:

3. (2) Mix rice husks, nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphogypsum evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 65%, then pile it up and cover the pile with a covering material. Add a 4.5V external electric field and then ferment. The mass ratio of rice husks to nitrogen fertilizer is 210-240:1; the mass ratio of rice husks to phosphogypsum is 100:32-35. (3) When the temperature inside the stack reaches 66-68℃ and the moisture content inside the stack drops to 40%, the fermentation aid is sprinkled on the surface of the stack, and the stack is turned over for the first time. The moisture content of the stack is adjusted to 55%. After turning, the stack is fully covered with a covering material, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation. The fermentation aid is Jinbaobei fermentation aid sold by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of rice husk to fermentation aid is 200-220:

1. (4) After the fermented rice husks in step (3) turn brown, turn the pile a second time. After turning the pile a second time, cover it with a covering and add a 5V external electric field to continue fermentation. (5) Ferment until white mycelium appears on the rice husk, then turn the pile a third time to obtain the substrate. After turning the pile three times, cover it with a covering material and ferment again to obtain the rice husk fermentation substrate. The external electric field is a DC voltage of 4.5V or 5V and a conductive carbon felt negative electrode material, or a DC voltage of 4.5V or 5V and a stainless steel anode material.

2. The method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agitator includes a first agitator, a second agitator, and a third agitator; the fermentation tank includes a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank, and a third fermentation tank; The inlet of the first agitator is connected to the outlet of the quantitative conveyor, and the outlet of the first agitator is connected to the inlet of the first fermentation tank. The discharge port of the first fermenter is connected to the inlet of the second agitator, and the discharge port of the second agitator is connected to the inlet of the second fermenter. The discharge port of the second fermenter is connected to the inlet of the third agitator, and the discharge port of the third agitator is connected to the inlet of the third fermenter. The first fermenter is connected to a first external power source, the second fermenter is connected to a second external power source, and the third fermenter is connected to a third external power source.

3. A rice husk fermentation substrate, characterized in that... It is prepared using the method for preparing rice husk fermentation substrate as described in claim 1 or 2.

4. The application of the rice husk fermentation substrate as described in claim 3 in tobacco cultivation.

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