Method and device for measuring elasticity modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-ray

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the elasticity modulus of alveolar bone by using high-energy X-rays. Relates to the field of alveolar bone mechanical property measurement, in particular to an alveolar bone mechanical property measurement method, which comprises the following steps: fixing a dental loading device on a to-be-measured tooth and an adjacent tooth of a patient, fixing one end, continuously applying a tiny load to the other opposite end, irradiating the alveolar bone through high-energy X-rays, and measuring the mechanical property of the alveolar bone by utilizing the attenuation characteristic of the X-rays in the alveolar bone. In combination with an image processing technology, alveolar bone deformation data obtained through deep learning, convolutional neural network analysis X-ray imaging and the image processing technology are used for real-time calculation and load adjustment, so that accurate elastic modulus measurement results can be obtained under different alveolar bone conditions of different patients, and the measurement accuracy and reliability are improved. Based on the X-ray imaging principle, the measurement principle is clear, and high-energy X-ray measurement equipment is simple in structure and convenient to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of measuring mechanical properties of alveolar bones, and in particular relates to a method and a device for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bones based on high-energy X-rays. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, the fields of smart medical care and life health have ushered in unprecedented changes. Modern medical technology is gradually transforming from traditional diagnosis and treatment models to more intelligent and personalized medical services. Smart medical care achieves efficient management of medical resources and accurate monitoring of patient health by integrating advanced information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. This transformation not only improves the quality and efficiency of medical services, but also provides patients with a more convenient and comfortable medical experience. As an important supporting structure for teeth, the mechanical properties of alveolar bone directly affect the stability and function of teeth. Traditional methods for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone usually require invasive operations, such as biopsy, which not only causes discomfort to patients, but also may affect the accuracy of the measurement results. In addition, these methods are time-consuming and difficult to monitor the dynamic changes of alveolar bone in real time. At present, the elastic modulus of human alveolar bone can only be measured by sampling from corpses or estimating by measuring animal teeth, which is a blind measurement. These methods may not accurately reflect the mechanical properties of living alveolar bone. Therefore, the development of a personalized, non-invasive, and high-precision method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone is of great significance to the field of stomatology. Summary of the invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a method and device for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-rays. First, a dental loading device is fixed on the patient's tooth to be tested and its adjacent teeth. One end is fixed and a small load is continuously applied to the other end. Then, the alveolar bone is irradiated with high-energy X-rays. By utilizing the attenuation characteristics of X-rays in the alveolar bone and combining image processing technology, a stress-strain curve is drawn according to the deformation of the alveolar bone and the real-time load size to calculate the elastic modulus. The measurement principle is clear, and the high-energy X-ray measurement equipment has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-rays comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Before taking a high-energy X-ray, the patient lies on the dental chair and, under the guidance of the doctor, fixes and installs the adhesive surface of the special dental loading device on the tooth to be treated and its adjacent teeth. The patient's head should be tilted upward and the mouth should be open while lying. The doctor confirms the position of the tooth to be tested and manually operates the telescopic arm to move the high-energy X-ray generator to the vicinity of the tooth to be tested;

[0007] (2) After the dental loading device is started, the servo motor generates a driving torque to drive the precision gear to rotate. The precision rack that matches it moves forward and gradually applies a small load of 5-15 grams (moving toward the teeth). At the same time, the doctor operates the dental high-energy X-ray machine to irradiate the alveolar bone. The displacement sensor, speed sensor, and load sensor read the data in real time and upload it to the industrial computer. The display starts to generate images processed by the image processing unit, and the industrial computer calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone according to the internal algorithm;

[0008] (3) After the doctor has analyzed the elastic modulus calculated by the industrial computer and recorded the results in the patient's medical record, the dental loading device needs to be removed. The patient can take normal saline in the mouth. After the saline dilutes the glue, the doctor holds the dental loading device with the thumb and index finger and gently shakes it left and right. When the dental loading device moves significantly, it can be removed with a little force.

[0009] The working principle of the measuring method of the present invention is:

[0010] The real-time load size of the dental loading device sensor is recorded, and the deformation process of the alveolar bone is captured by high-energy X-ray combined with image processing technology. The stress-strain curve is drawn based on the parameters to calculate the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone.

[0011] The details are as follows: the patient first fixes and installs the special dental loading device on the tooth to be treated and its adjacent teeth. After the device recognizes the tooth, it starts to continuously supply a force of 5-15g. The internal micro servo motor drives the precision gear to rotate and drives the precision rack to move forward and backward. A constant stiffness spring is fixed in the middle of the precision rack. The motor speed sensor reads the motor speed information in real time, and the displacement sensor and load sensor read the compression information of the constant stiffness spring and calculate the force given according to Hooke's law. At this time, the dental high-energy X-ray machine selects a characteristic mark point at the internal cancellous bone hole according to the porous structure of the alveolar bone through imaging technology combined with image processing technology, and records the displacement path of the mark point during the process of applying load by the dental loading device. Specifically, define an ROI area on the high-energy X-ray scanning image, which should contain the tooth to be tested and the alveolar bone contour and have more cancellous bone holes. Using the image segmentation method, the edge of the alveolar bone is segmented as feature one, and the cancellous bone hole is segmented as feature two. Finally, the displacement of the alveolar bone, the displacement of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, and the change in the area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole are recorded respectively. After collecting these data, the industrial computer calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone based on the load applied by the dental loading device and the displacement of the marking point.

[0012]

[0013] ΔA(t)=A(t)-A0(3)

[0014]

[0015] f(Δr(t),ΔA(t))=Δh(5)

[0016] Formula (1) calculates the stress on the alveolar bone by reading the force of the sensor and combining it with the cross-sectional area of ​​the adhesion surface. Formula (2) can be used to calculate the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone based on the Oliver Pharr method. Where F is the push rod thrust of the dental loading device, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the adhesion surface, σ is the stress on the alveolar bone, Δh is the displacement of the marking point, which is specifically a function defined by the displacement of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole and the area of ​​the cancellous bone hole, ΔA(t) is the area difference of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, A(t) is the area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at time t, A0 is the initial area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, Δr(t) is the displacement of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, (x0, y0) is the coordinate of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at the initial time, (x c (t), y c (t)) is the coordinate of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at time t, and Δσ is the load change.

[0017] A device for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone (special dental loading device), including a micro servo motor, precision gears, a constant stiffness spring, a shell, an adhesive surface, a speed sensor, a load sensor, a precision rack, and a control chip. The overall device is a cubic structure (1 cubic centimeter in size), with a shell part (waterproof) on the outside, and one side of the shell is an adhesive surface part, on which a fixed adhesive block and a tooth surface adhesive block are adhered, and the back of the tooth surface adhesive block is in close contact with the precision rack. A micro servo motor and a motor speed sensor are arranged inside the shell, and the motor speed sensor is used to read the speed information of the motor in real time. The front section of the micro servo motor is equipped with a precision gear, and the precision gear and the precision rack cooperate to provide thrust. A constant stiffness spring is installed in the middle of the precision rack, and the displacement sensor and the load sensor calculate the load size and the displacement size of the marking point according to the compression information of the constant stiffness spring. The adhesive surface is adhered to the surface of the patient's tooth to be tested by glue for fixation.

[0018] As a supplement to the measuring device, the motor speed sensor, displacement sensor and load sensor form an intelligent feedback system, which can automatically adjust the load applied by the dental loading device according to the real-time deformation data of the alveolar bone. The system uses deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze the alveolar bone deformation data obtained by X-ray imaging and image processing technology to calculate and adjust the load in real time, so as to ensure that accurate elastic modulus measurement results can be obtained under different alveolar bone conditions of different patients. The intelligent feedback system improves the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0019] As a supplement to the measuring device, the dental high-energy X-ray machine is provided with a telescopic arm with adjustable height for measuring the alveolar bone in different parts. The telescopic arm is located above the bracket module. The front section of the telescopic arm is a high-energy X-ray generator. The front section of the high-energy X-ray generator is equipped with protective equipment for protecting patients and operators from unnecessary radiation. The rear end is equipped with an industrial computer and a display with image processing function and display analysis function. The remaining devices can be used in conjunction with common dental devices, such as a dental chair and a multi-functional adjustable work tray.

[0020] As a supplement to the measuring device, the industrial computer is directly connected to the dental high-energy X-ray machine via a wired connection, and the dental loading device is wirelessly connected to the industrial computer via Bluetooth.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention proposes to use high-energy X-rays to measure the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone of living humans, breaking through the traditional invasive operation and solving the drawbacks of the previous blind and vague measurement of the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone.

[0023] 2. Using high-energy X-ray imaging technology, the internal structure of the alveolar bone can be clearly observed. Combined with image processing, the deformation of the alveolar bone under tiny loads can be accurately detected.

[0024] 3. The device has a simple structure and is easy to install and operate. Doctors can quickly complete the measurement process, which improves work efficiency.

[0025] 4. The device can be easily disassembled using saline solution, which reduces the impact on the environment and also reduces the discomfort of the patient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a front view of the measuring device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a top view of the measuring device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of measuring the alveolar bone;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the marking points for selecting cancellous bone holes inside the alveolar bone;

[0030] List of Figure Symbols:

[0031] 1000, constant stiffness spring; 1010, centering sleeve; 1020, displacement sensor; 1030, speed sensor; 1040, load sensor; 2000, precision gear; 2010, precision rack; 3000, guide sleeve; 3010, adsorption insert; 3020, tooth surface adhesion block; 3030, fixed adhesion block; 4000, micro servo motor; 4010, control chip; 4020 housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the special dental loading device described in the present invention is composed of a constant stiffness spring 1000, a centering sleeve 1010, a displacement sensor 1020, a speed sensor 1030, a load sensor 1040, a precision gear 2000, a precision rack 2010, a guide sleeve 3000, an adsorption insert 3010, a tooth surface adhesion block 3020, a fixed adhesion block 3030, a micro servo motor 4000, a control chip 4010, and a shell 4020.

[0034] The adhesive block is made of polyurethane PU, which has good flexibility and durability, can provide good adhesion effect, has good biocompatibility, and is suitable for contact with the human body.

[0035] The shell 4020 material is 316L stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance and strength and is a commonly used metal material in medical devices.

[0036] Embodiment 1:

[0037] Before taking a high-energy X-ray, the patient lies on the dental chair and, under the guidance of the doctor, fixes the fixed adhesive block 3030 of the special dental loading device on the teeth adjacent to the teeth to be tested with glue, and glues the tooth surface adhesive block 3020 to the surface of the teeth to be tested with glue. When the patient lies on his back, his head should be tilted upward and his mouth should be open. The doctor confirms the position of the teeth to be tested and manually operates the telescopic arm to move the high-energy X-ray generator near the teeth to be tested.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] After the dental loading device is started, the micro servo motor 4000 generates a driving torque to drive the precision gear 2000 to rotate, and the precision rack 2010 matched with it moves toward the teeth and gradually applies a small load of 5-15 grams. At the same time, the doctor operates the dental high-energy X-ray machine to irradiate the alveolar bone. The displacement sensor 1020, the speed sensor 1030 and the load sensor 1040 read the data in real time and upload it to the industrial computer. The display starts to generate an image processed by the image processing unit, and the industrial computer calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone according to the internal algorithm.

[0040] Embodiment 3:

[0041] After the doctor has analyzed the elastic modulus calculated by the industrial computer and recorded the results in the patient's medical record, the dental loading device needs to be removed. The patient can take normal saline in the mouth. After the saline dilutes the glue, the doctor clamps the dental loading device with the thumb and index finger and gently shakes it left and right. When the dental loading device moves significantly, it can be removed with a little force.

[0042] The tooth surface adhesive block 3020 and the fixed adhesive block 3030 of the present invention are replaceable to ensure cleanliness and hygiene. In addition, the gap between the two adhesive blocks can be changed accordingly according to the different intervals between adjacent teeth each time to ensure the accuracy of measurement.

[0043] It should be noted that the above content only illustrates the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-rays, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Before taking a high-energy X-ray, the patient lies on the dental chair and, under the guidance of the doctor, fixes and installs the adhesive surface of the special dental loading device on the tooth to be treated and its adjacent teeth. When the patient lies on the dental chair, the head is tilted upward and the mouth is open. The doctor confirms the position of the tooth to be tested and manually operates the telescopic arm to move the high-energy X-ray generator to the vicinity of the tooth to be tested. (2) After the dental loading device is started, the servo motor generates a driving torque to drive the precision gear to rotate, and the precision rack that matches it moves toward the teeth to apply a small load. At the same time, the doctor operates the dental high-energy X-ray machine to irradiate the alveolar bone. The displacement sensor, speed sensor, and load sensor read the data in real time and upload it to the industrial computer; the display starts to generate an image processed by the image processing unit, and the industrial computer calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone according to the internal algorithm; (3) After the doctor analyzes the elastic modulus calculated by the industrial computer and records the result in the patient's medical record, the dental loading device is disassembled. The patient holds saline in his mouth. After the saline dilutes the glue, the doctor holds the dental loading device between his thumb and index finger and shakes it left and right. The dental loading device is disassembled after it moves obviously.

2. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-ray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working principle of the measuring method of the present invention is as follows: The patient first fixes and installs a special dental loading device on the tooth to be treated and its adjacent teeth. After the device identifies the teeth, it starts to continuously supply a force of 5-15g; The internal micro servo motor drives the precision gear to rotate and drives the precision rack to move forward and backward. A constant stiffness spring is fixed in the middle of the precision rack. The motor speed sensor reads the motor speed information in real time, and the displacement sensor and load sensor read the compression information of the constant stiffness spring and calculate the force given according to Hooke's law. At this time, the dental high-energy X-ray machine selects a characteristic marking point at the internal cancellous bone hole according to the porous structure of the alveolar bone through imaging technology combined with image processing technology, and records the displacement path of the marking point during the process of the dental loading device applying the load, specifically: define an ROI area on the high-energy X-ray scanning image, which should contain the contour of the tooth and alveolar bone to be tested and have more cancellous bone holes; use the image segmentation method to segment the edge of the alveolar bone into feature one, and segment the cancellous bone hole into feature two; finally, record the displacement of the alveolar bone, the displacement of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole and the change in the area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole; after collecting these data, the industrial computer calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone according to the size of the load applied by the dental loading device and the displacement of the marking point; ΔA(t)=A(t)-A0 (3) f(Δr(t),ΔA(t))=Δh (5) Formula (1) calculates the stress of the alveolar bone by reading the force of the sensor and combining it with the cross-sectional area of ​​the adhesion surface. Formula (2) calculates the elastic modulus of the alveolar bone by the Oliver Pharr method; wherein F is the push rod thrust of the dental loading device, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the adhesion surface, σ is the stress of the alveolar bone, Δh is the displacement of the marking point, which is specifically a function defined by the displacement of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole and the area of ​​the cancellous bone hole, ΔA(t) is the area difference of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, A(t) is the area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at time t, A0 is the initial area of ​​the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, Δr(t) is the displacement of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole, (x0, y0) is the coordinate of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at the initial time, (x c (t), y c (t)) is the coordinate of the center point of the characteristic marked cancellous bone hole at time t, and Δσ is the load change.

3. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-ray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special dental loading device comprises a micro servo motor, a precision gear, a constant stiffness spring, a shell, an adhesive surface, a rotation speed sensor, a load sensor, a precision rack and a control chip. The overall device is a cubic structure, with a shell part on the outside, an adhesive surface part on one side of the shell, a fixed adhesive block and a tooth surface adhesive block adhered to the adhesive surface, and the back of the tooth surface adhesive block is in close contact with the precision rack; a micro servo motor and a motor rotation speed sensor are arranged inside the shell, and the motor rotation speed sensor is used to read the rotation speed information of the motor in real time; a precision gear is arranged at the front section of the micro servo motor, and the precision gear and the precision rack cooperate to provide thrust; a constant stiffness spring is arranged in the middle of the precision rack, and the displacement sensor and the load sensor calculate the load size and the displacement size of the marking point according to the compression information of the constant stiffness spring.

4. The dedicated dental loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The motor speed sensor, displacement sensor and load sensor form an intelligent feedback system, which can automatically adjust the load applied by the dental loading device according to the real-time deformation data of the alveolar bone; the system uses deep learning, convolutional neural network analysis, X-ray imaging and image processing technology to obtain alveolar bone deformation data and calculate and adjust the load in real time to ensure that accurate elastic modulus measurement results can be obtained under different alveolar bone conditions of different patients.

5. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-ray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dental high-energy X-ray machine is provided with a telescopic arm with adjustable height for measuring alveolar bones in different parts. The telescopic arm is located above the bracket module. The front section of the telescopic arm is a high-energy X-ray generator. The front section of the high-energy X-ray generator is equipped with protective equipment for protecting patients and operators from unnecessary radiation. The rear end is equipped with an industrial computer and a display with image processing function and display analysis function. The remaining devices are common dental devices.

6. The method for measuring the elastic modulus of alveolar bone based on high-energy X-ray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The industrial computer is directly connected to the dental high-energy X-ray machine via wired connection, and the dental loading device is wirelessly connected to the industrial computer via Bluetooth.

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