Method for machining a profiled part

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of processing methods of special-shaped parts, belong to the technical field of part processing.The processing method includes the following steps: S1, special-shaped parts are fixed on the working table of vertical lathe, and reference hole of special-shaped parts is finished;S2, the tooling that is designed and made is matched with reference hole;S3, special-shaped parts are set on tooling and fixed;S4, tooling is fixed on the working table of vertical lathe, then string hole on special-shaped parts is finished.Wherein, tooling includes positioning pile and expansion sleeve set on positioning pile, the part of positioning pile and expansion sleeve set is cylinder, the diameter of this cylinder is equal to the hole diameter of reference hole;In step S3, the setting of special-shaped parts and tooling is realized by the way that this cylinder is embedded in reference hole.The processing method of the present application ensures tooling precision, the distance between each string hole, coaxiality, and the parallelism of each axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of parts processing technology and relates to a method for processing irregularly shaped parts. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mechanical manufacturing, the machining of irregularly shaped parts has always been a technical challenge, especially when ensuring high precision requirements. With the continuous development of modern industrial technology, the precision requirements for irregularly shaped parts are becoming increasingly stringent, particularly in aerospace and precision instrument fields, where the precision of these parts directly affects the performance and reliability of the entire equipment. Among these requirements, the coaxiality and parallelism of the bores in the machining of irregularly shaped parts are key indicators for ensuring part quality.

[0003] Currently, the machining of irregularly shaped parts is mainly carried out using high-precision equipment such as CNC machine tools and machining centers, which have significant advantages in terms of machining accuracy and efficiency. However, some technical challenges still exist in actual production. In particular, ensuring the coaxiality and parallelism of certain irregularly shaped parts with complex structures and high precision requirements is especially difficult.

[0004] In the machining of irregularly shaped parts with interconnected holes, coaxiality refers to the degree to which the axes of two or more holes lie on the same straight line. For irregularly shaped parts with high precision requirements, the coaxiality error of interconnected holes must be controlled within a very small range; otherwise, it will affect the overall performance and reliability of the part. Parallelism refers to the degree to which two planes or two straight lines remain parallel in a direction perpendicular to a certain reference plane or reference line. For irregularly shaped parts with multiple parallel planes or parallel holes, ensuring parallelism is equally crucial. Excessive parallelism error can cause interference or gaps in the parts during assembly, thereby affecting the overall performance and reliability of the equipment.

[0005] In traditional machining methods, to ensure the coaxiality and parallelism of the through holes in irregularly shaped parts, multiple clamping and correction processes are typically employed. However, this method is not only inefficient but also prone to introducing clamping and correction errors, thus affecting the part's accuracy. Furthermore, for some complex and large irregularly shaped parts, traditional machining methods often struggle to guarantee their required accuracy.

[0006] Therefore, how to improve the coaxiality and parallelism of the holes in irregularly shaped parts while ensuring processing efficiency has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of machining. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for processing irregularly shaped parts, ensuring the tooling accuracy, the distance between each through hole, the coaxiality, and the parallelism of each axis.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for processing irregularly shaped parts includes the following steps:

[0010] S1, Fix the irregular part on the vertical lathe worktable and precision machine the reference hole of the irregular part;

[0011] S2, design and manufacture tooling that matches the reference hole;

[0012] S3, Fit the irregularly shaped part onto the tooling and fix it in place;

[0013] S4. Fix the tooling on the vertical lathe worktable, and then finish machine the through holes on the irregular part.

[0014] In step S2, the tooling includes a positioning stake and an expansion sleeve fitted on the positioning stake. The portion of the positioning stake and the expansion sleeve fitted together is cylindrical, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the diameter of the reference hole. In step S3, the irregular part and tooling are fitted together by embedding the cylinder into the reference hole.

[0015] Optionally, in step S1, the irregular part includes a first end and a second end, with a protrusion at the middle of the first end facing the second end; at least two leveling shims are arranged opposite each other on the vertical lathe worktable, and the irregular part is placed on the vertical lathe worktable through the leveling shims, with the first end in contact with the end of the leveling shim away from the vertical lathe worktable, and the second end placed in the space between the adjacent leveling shims; a clamp-like object is provided on the outer side of the adjacent leveling shims, which clamps the first end of the irregular part, and the clamp-like object and the leveling shims together fix the irregular part on the vertical lathe worktable; then a reference hole is precision machined on the side of the irregular part away from the vertical lathe worktable.

[0016] Optionally, the clamp-like objects are placed on the worktable of the vertical car via shims, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer side of adjacent level shims.

[0017] Optionally, in step S2, the tooling also includes a base, and the positioning stake is set on the base with its axis perpendicular to the base.

[0018] Optionally, the tooling also includes a first pressure plate disposed at the end of the positioning pile away from the base. The first pressure plate is fixed to the positioning pile by a clamping nut to prevent the expansion sleeve and irregular parts from slipping off.

[0019] Optionally, in step S3, the clamping nut, the first pressure plate, and the expansion sleeve are removed so that the first end of the irregular part comes into contact with the base. The irregular part is then placed on the positioning stake, and the expansion sleeve is installed in the gap between the positioning stake and the reference hole so that the irregular part is automatically centered. Then the first pressure plate and the clamping nut are installed back in their original positions to fix the irregular part on the tooling.

[0020] Optionally, in step S3, the tooling also includes fixing members disposed on the base and located on both sides of the positioning stake, wherein the distance between adjacent fixing members is greater than or equal to the length of the first end of the irregular part, so that the first end can be inserted between the adjacent fixing members.

[0021] Optionally, the positioning stakes are detachably mounted on the base by bolts.

[0022] Optionally, the vertical lathe worktable is provided with at least two fasteners, and the distance between adjacent fasteners is greater than or equal to the width of the base, so that the base can be inserted between adjacent fasteners.

[0023] Optionally, the fasteners include a screw rod vertically mounted on the base, a nut sleeved on the screw rod, and a second pressure plate. The component to be fastened is first placed between the screw rods of adjacent fasteners, and then the nut and the second pressure plate are sequentially sleeved on the screw rods, causing the second pressure plate to press the component to be fastened. The component to be fastened can be an irregularly shaped part or a base.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention achieves precise positioning and clamping of irregularly shaped parts during machining by designing specialized tooling fixtures. These specialized fixtures not only ensure the stability of the parts during machining but also effectively prevent clamping errors, thereby improving the machining accuracy. Particularly for machining through-holes in irregularly shaped parts, the tooling fixtures ensure that the coaxiality and parallelism between each hole meet design requirements, which is crucial for guaranteeing the overall performance and reliability of the parts.

[0026] This invention effectively improves processing efficiency through a rational processing procedure. By first precision-machined the key parts of the part, and then using tooling fixtures for subsequent processing, the inefficient operations of multiple clamping and correction in traditional processing methods are avoided. This not only saves processing time but also reduces production costs.

[0027] The processing method of this invention also possesses excellent versatility and flexibility. The design of the tooling fixtures can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of different irregularly shaped parts, thereby adapting to the processing needs of parts of different sizes and shapes. This flexibility makes this method widely applicable in the field of machining.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a side view of an irregularly shaped part;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an irregularly shaped part;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing how irregularly shaped parts are fixed on the worktable of a vertical lathe;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the tooling;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an irregularly shaped part being mounted on a vertical lathe worktable using tooling.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] 1. Irregularly shaped parts, 11. First end, 111. Protrusion, 112. Reference hole, 113. First serrated hole, 114. First outer circle, 12. Second end, 121. Second serrated hole, 122. Third serrated hole, 123. Second outer circle, 2. Tooling, 21. Base, 22. Positioning post, 23. Expansion sleeve, 24. First pressure plate, 25. Pressure nut, 26. Fixture, 261. Screw, 262. Nut, 263. Second pressure plate, 3. Vertical lathe worktable, 4. Equal height shims, 5. Clamping object, 6. Shims, 7. Bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0038] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0039] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Please see Figures 1-5 A method for processing an irregularly shaped part 1 includes the following steps:

[0041] S1, Fix the irregular part 1 on the vertical lathe worktable 3, and precision machine the reference hole 112 of the irregular part 1;

[0042] The irregular part 1 includes a first end 11 and a second end 12. The middle part of the first end 11 is provided with a protrusion 111 facing the second end 12. At least two equal-height pads 4 are arranged opposite each other on the vertical lathe worktable 3. The irregular part 1 is placed on the vertical lathe worktable 3 through the equal-height pads 4. The first end 11 is in contact with the end of the equal-height pad 4 away from the vertical lathe worktable 3, and the second end 12 is placed in the space between the adjacent equal-height pads 4. A clamp 5 is provided on the outside of the adjacent equal-height pads 4. The clamp 5 clamps the first end 11 of the irregular part 1. The clamp 5 and the equal-height pads 4 together fix the irregular part 1 stably on the vertical lathe worktable 3, which contributes to improving the accuracy of subsequent precision machining. Then, a reference hole 112 is precision machined on the side of the irregular part 1 away from the vertical lathe worktable 3.

[0043] The clamp-like object 5 is mounted on the vertical lathe workbench 3 via shims 6, and is symmetrically positioned on both sides of the adjacent level shims 4. The clamp-like object 5 can be a vise.

[0044] S2, Design and manufacture tooling 2 that mates with reference hole 112;

[0045] The fixture 2 includes a positioning post 22 and an expansion sleeve 23 fitted onto the positioning post 22. The portion of the positioning post 22 and the expansion sleeve 23 after fitting together is cylindrical, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the diameter of the reference hole 112. In step S3, the irregular part 1 and the fixture 2 are fitted together by embedding the cylinder into the reference hole 112. This method ensures the centering accuracy of the irregular part, reduces processing errors, and avoids the cumbersome process caused by multiple calibrations.

[0046] The tooling 2 also includes a base 21, on which the positioning post 22 is mounted with its axis perpendicular to the base 21. It also includes a first pressure plate 24 located at the end of the positioning post 22 away from the base 21. The first pressure plate 24 is fixed to the positioning post 22 by a clamping nut 25 to prevent the expansion sleeve 23 and the irregular part 1 from slipping off.

[0047] S3, fit the irregular part 1 onto the tooling 2 and fix it;

[0048] Remove the clamping nut 25, the first pressure plate 24, and the expansion sleeve 23, so that the first end 11 of the irregular part 1 comes into contact with the base 21. In this way, the irregular part 1 is fitted onto the positioning post 22. Then, the expansion sleeve 23 is installed in the gap between the positioning post 22 and the reference hole 112, so that the irregular part 1 is automatically centered. Then, the first pressure plate 24 and the clamping nut 25 are installed back in their original positions, thereby fixing the irregular part 1 onto the tooling 2.

[0049] The tooling 2 also includes fixing members 26 disposed on the base 21 and located on both sides of the positioning post 22. The distance between adjacent fixing members 26 is greater than or equal to the length of the first end 11 of the irregular part 1, so that the first end 11 can be inserted into the adjacent fixing members 26.

[0050] S4, fix the tooling 2 on the vertical lathe worktable 3, and then finish machine the through hole on the irregular part 1;

[0051] The vertical lathe worktable 3 is provided with at least two fixing members 26. The distance between adjacent fixing members 26 is greater than or equal to the width of the base 21, so that the base 21 can be inserted between adjacent fixing members 26. After the fixture 2 is placed on the vertical lathe worktable 3, it is first corrected until the error does not exceed 0.01 before being fixed.

[0052] The fastener 26 includes a screw 261 vertically mounted on the base 21, a nut 262 sleeved on the screw 261, and a second pressure plate 263. When the irregular part 1 is fixed on the tooling 2, the second pressure plate 263 is pressed by the nut 262 to the first end 11 of the irregular part 1 or the base 21, thereby improving the fixing effect on the irregular part 1 and the base 21.

[0053] The positioning stake 22 is detachably mounted on the base 21 by bolts 7. This improves the versatility of the base 21. When designing and manufacturing the tooling 2, it is only necessary to manufacture the positioning stake 22 and the expansion sleeve 23 that match the diameter of the reference hole 112, which is more convenient and reduces the design and manufacturing cost.

[0054] The positioning stake 22 can be a frustum or a cone. When it is installed and fixed, the larger circular surface contacts the base 21.

[0055] When the positioning pile 22 is a tapered pile, the expansion sleeve 23 is also a tapered expansion sleeve 23. At least one slit can be made on the side wall of the expansion sleeve 23. By adjusting the width of the slit, the expansion sleeve 23 can move axially on the tapered pile. During the movement, the inner wall of the expansion sleeve 23 remains in contact with the outer wall of the tapered pile. This method increases the versatility of the positioning pile 22 and the expansion sleeve 23. When the reference hole 112 of the irregular part 1 is within a certain range, the same set of positioning piles 22 and expansion sleeves 23 can be used, avoiding repeated design and manufacturing that would increase costs.

[0056] Equal height shims 4 and shims 6 have many advantages over ordinary shims.

[0057] Equalizing shims 4 provide stable support, ensuring accuracy and stability during processing. They can also adapt to different height requirements; by adjusting the height of equalizing shims 4, precise positioning and support of the workpiece can be achieved. Compared to ordinary shims, equalizing shims 4 have higher rigidity and load-bearing capacity, capable of withstanding greater processing forces and vibrations, thus guaranteeing processing quality.

[0058] Example:

[0059] like Figures 1-5 The irregular part 1 has a reference hole 112 and a first through hole 113 connected to the reference hole 112. The through holes include a second through hole 121 and a third through hole 122. The diameter of the reference hole 112 is 300mm, the diameter of the first through hole 113 is 539mm, the diameter of the second through hole 121 is 183mm, and the diameter of the third through hole 122 is 300mm. Stepped portions are provided on both sides of the first end 11 along the axial direction of the reference hole 112, respectively, which fit into the base 21 of the leveling pad 4 and the tooling 2. The two sides of the first end 11 and the second end 12 also need to be precision machined to form a first outer circle 114 and a second outer circle 123, respectively. The diameter of the first outer circle 114 is 980mm, and the diameter of the second outer circle 123 is 400mm. The first outer circle 114 is precision machined after the reference hole 112 and the first through hole 113 are completed, and the second outer circle 123 is precision machined after the third through hole 122 is completed.

[0060] According to the processing method of the present invention, the coaxiality of the first bore 113, the first outer circle 114 and the reference hole 112 can be controlled at 0.02, the parallelism of the axis of the second bore 121 and the reference hole 112 can be controlled at 0.02, the coaxiality of the second bore 121 and the third bore 122 can be controlled at 0.02, the coaxiality of the second outer circle 123 and the second bore 121 can be controlled at 0.02, and the distance between the second bore 121 and the third bore 122 can also meet the error requirement of 268±0.02.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing irregularly shaped parts, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, fix the irregular part (1) on the vertical lathe worktable (3) and finish machine the reference hole (112) of the irregular part (1). S2, design and manufacture tooling (2) that matches the reference hole (112); S3, fit the irregular part (1) onto the tooling (2) and fix it; S4, fix the tool (2) on the vertical lathe worktable (3), and then finish machine the through hole on the irregular part (1); In step S2, the tooling (2) includes a positioning post (22) and an expansion sleeve (23) fitted on the positioning post (22). The part of the positioning post (22) and the expansion sleeve (23) after being fitted together is cylindrical, and the diameter of the cylinder is equal to the diameter of the reference hole (112). In step S3, the irregular part (1) and the tooling (2) are fitted together by embedding the cylinder into the reference hole (112). At least two equal-height pads (4) are set opposite each other on the vertical lathe worktable (3). The irregular part (1) is placed on the vertical lathe worktable (3) through the equal-height pads (4). Pliers (5) are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the adjacent equal-height pads (4). The pliers (5) clamp the irregular part (1). The pliers (5) and the equal-height pads (4) together fix the irregular part (1) on the vertical lathe worktable (3). In step S2, the tooling (2) also includes a base (21), and the positioning post (22) is set on the base (21) with its axis perpendicular to the base (21); the tooling (2) also includes a first pressure plate (24) set on the end of the positioning post (22) away from the base (21), and the first pressure plate (24) is fixed on the positioning post (22) by a clamping nut (25) to prevent the expansion sleeve (23) and the irregular part (1) from slipping off.

2. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the irregular part (1) includes a first end (11) and a second end (12). The middle part of the first end (11) is provided with a protrusion (111) facing the second end (12). The first end (11) contacts the end of the equal height shim (4) away from the vertical lathe worktable (3), and the second end (12) is placed in the space between adjacent equal height shims (4). The clamp (5) holds the first end (11) of the irregular part (1). Then, the reference hole (112) is precision machined on the side of the irregular part (1) away from the vertical lathe worktable (3).

3. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp-like object (5) is placed on the vertical lathe workbench (3) via a shim (6).

4. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, remove the clamping nut (25), the first pressure plate (24) and the expansion sleeve (23) so that the first end (11) of the irregular part (1) comes into contact with the base (21), and put the irregular part (1) on the positioning post (22). Then install the expansion sleeve (23) in the gap between the positioning post (22) and the reference hole (112) so that the irregular part (1) is automatically centered. Then install the first pressure plate (24) and the clamping nut (25) back to their original positions to fix the irregular part (1) on the tooling (2).

5. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the tooling (2) further includes fixing members (26) disposed on the base (21) and located on both sides of the positioning post (22). The distance between adjacent fixing members (26) is greater than or equal to the length of the first end (11) of the irregular part (1) so that the first end (11) can be inserted between adjacent fixing members (26).

6. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning stake (22) is detachably mounted on the base (21) by bolts (7).

7. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical worktable (3) is provided with at least two fasteners (26), and the distance between adjacent fasteners (26) is greater than or equal to the width of the base (21) so that the base (21) can be inserted between adjacent fasteners (26).

8. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that: The fastener (26) includes a screw (261) vertically mounted on the base (21), a nut (262) sleeved on the screw (261), and a second pressure plate (263). The fastener is first placed between the screws (261) of the adjacent fasteners (26), and then the nut (262) and the second pressure plate (263) are sequentially sleeved on the screw (261) so that the second pressure plate (263) presses the fastener tightly.

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