Numerically controlled gear shaping machine
By using a PLC motor to control the turntable and the bias linkage mechanism, combined with a ball screw design and elastic buffer components, the vibration and wear problems of traditional gear shapers under high-speed operation are solved, achieving efficient and precise gear shaper processing, and improving processing accuracy and tool life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGSHU JINHUA MECHANICAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure CN119187724B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a CNC gear shaping machine. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, gear processing equipment is widely used in the automotive industry. With the continuous improvement of industrial automation, the requirements for gear precision and production efficiency are also increasing. While traditional mechanically controlled gear shapers have the advantage of low cost, they struggle to meet the demands of modern manufacturing in terms of high precision and efficiency. During gear shaping, the shaper cutter performs a reciprocating cutting motion while simultaneously rolling relative to the workpiece.
[0003] The main problem with mechanical control is that it cannot achieve precise speed adjustment and positioning, especially under high-speed operating conditions, which can easily cause vibration and wear, resulting in reduced machining accuracy and tool life. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the main problem of existing mechanical control methods that cannot achieve precise speed adjustment and positioning, especially under high-speed operating conditions, which easily leads to vibration and wear, resulting in reduced machining accuracy and tool life, this application provides a CNC gear shaping machine, the specific solution of which is as follows.
[0005] A CNC gear hobbing machine includes a worktable, a body is mounted on the worktable, a turntable is mounted on the worktable corresponding to the body, the turntable is rotatably connected to the worktable, and a PLC motor is mounted on the worktable corresponding to the turntable, the PLC motor being used to control the rotation of the turntable;
[0006] The machine body is equipped with a gear shaping cutter, which is slidably connected to the machine body and moves along the vertical direction of the machine body. The machine body is also equipped with an offset linkage mechanism, which includes a drive rod and a transmission rod. One end of the transmission rod is hinged to the drive rod, and the other end of the transmission rod is drivenly connected to the gear shaping cutter. The middle part of the transmission rod is hinged to the machine body. The drive rod is used to drive the transmission rod to swing, and the transmission rod is used to drive the gear shaping cutter to move up and down.
[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, this CNC gear shaping machine can achieve efficient and precise gear shaping. The turntable rotates precisely under the control of a PLC motor, and the gear shaping cutter slides up and down along the vertical direction of the machine body, enabling the cutter to perform precise cutting on the workpiece on the turntable. The offset linkage mechanism ensures stable and reliable operation of the gear shaping cutter. The hinge between the drive rod and the transmission rod further ensures that the gear shaping cutter can accurately move up and down when the transmission rod swings, improving machining accuracy and reducing vibration during cutter movement. This technical solution effectively improves the automation level and processing efficiency of the gear shaping process while ensuring machining quality.
[0008] Optionally, the biasing linkage mechanism further includes a drive wheel, which is rotatably connected to the body of the machine. The end of the drive rod away from the transmission rod is fixedly connected to the drive wheel, and the drive rod is fixed at a position away from the center of the drive wheel.
[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the introduction of the drive wheel enables the drive rod to drive the transmission rod to swing in a more stable manner, thereby achieving a smoother and more precise up-and-down movement of the gear shaper. Since the drive rod is fixed at a position away from the center of the drive wheel, it can provide a greater torque during the rotation of the drive wheel, thus enhancing the smoothness of the transmission rod's swing and the accuracy of the gear shaper's movement, improving the efficiency and quality of the gear shaping process.
[0010] Optionally, the machine body is provided with a tool cylinder aligned with the gear shaping cutter, the gear shaping cutter is slidably connected inside the tool cylinder, and the interior of the tool cylinder is in communication with the interior of the machine body.
[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the gear shaper can slide stably inside the tool barrel, achieving precise machining. At the same time, the internal design of the tool barrel and the internal design of the machine body ensures the smoothness and stability of the machining process, improving the overall working efficiency and reliability of the device.
[0012] Optionally, an elastic buffer is provided at the end of the cutter barrel away from the turntable. When the elastic buffer is compressed, it tends to push the gear cutter toward the turntable.
[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic buffer component set in the end of the cutter barrel away from the turntable can generate a tendency to push the gear shaping cutter toward the turntable after being compressed, effectively improving the stability and reliability of the gear shaping process, reducing machining errors caused by impact, improving machining accuracy and efficiency, reducing vibration at the head of the gear shaping cutter, and assisting the gear shaping cutter in resetting.
[0014] Optionally, the gear shaping cutter includes a cutter bar and a disc cutter head. The disc cutter head is detachably connected to the bottom of the cutter bar, and the disc cutter head is provided with multiple rubbing teeth, which are equidistantly spaced along the disc cutter head.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the gear shaper consists of a tool holder and a disc cutter head. The disc cutter head is detachably connected to the bottom of the tool holder, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance. The multiple equidistant cutting teeth on the disc cutter head can evenly distribute the cutting force. During processing, it can also cut adjacent teeth, and it is convenient for processing gears with small spacing and small size, further improving the processing accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, it is convenient for processing gears of different specifications.
[0016] Optionally, the turntable is also provided with a plurality of grippers, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the turntable and are used to abut against the inner wall of the gear.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the multiple grippers on the turntable can be distributed at intervals along the circumference of the turntable and used to abut against the inner wall of the gear, thereby achieving stable clamping of the gear, improving the positioning accuracy and stability during the processing, and facilitating the clamping of gears of different sizes, further improving convenience.
[0018] Optionally, the machine body is slidably connected to the worktable, and a ball screw is provided on the worktable corresponding to the machine body. The ball screw is threadedly connected to the machine body, and the machine body can slide along the worktable when the ball screw rotates.
[0019] By adopting the above technical solutions, the machine body can achieve precise lateral movement adjustment on the worktable, thus facilitating the processing of workpieces of different sizes. The threaded connection design between the ball screw and the machine body ensures that the machine body can slide smoothly and accurately along the worktable when the ball screw rotates. Furthermore, during processing, when retraction or infeed operations are required, this structure allows the gear shaper to complete the corresponding actions quickly and accurately, thereby ensuring processing efficiency and workpiece surface quality, while reducing non-cutting time and improving overall work efficiency.
[0020] Optionally, the machine body is also provided with a shower pipe for spraying coolant toward the gear.
[0021] By adopting the above technical solutions, the shower pipes installed on the machine body can spray coolant toward the gears, effectively reducing the temperature during the machining process, increasing the service life of the gear shaper, and ensuring machining accuracy.
[0022] Optionally, the disc cutter head includes multiple cutter rings, which are slidably connected to adjacent cutter rings. The diameter of the cutter ring located on the outer side is larger than that of the cutter ring located on the inner side. A blocking cylinder is also provided on the upper side of the disc cutter head on the gear shaping cutter. The blocking cylinders are respectively provided on both sides of the gear shaping cutter. A blocking block is provided on the piston rod of the blocking cylinder, and the blocking block is used to abut against the cutter ring.
[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and setting multiple cutter rings, during processing, the corresponding cutter ring is selected and blocked by the blocking cylinder. When blocked, the outer cutter ring can abut against the gear from the outside. At this time, the outer cutter ring is not restricted in displacement and will be pushed up after contacting the gear. Therefore, the gear can be pressed by the outer cutter ring, and the inner cutter ring is restricted in displacement, so processing can be carried out normally. Tool changing is also more convenient. During tool changing, the blocking block is aligned with the cutter ring to be processed. In addition, the outer cutter ring also has a certain limiting function, which improves processing stability.
[0024] Optionally, the piston rod of the blocking cylinder is further provided with a support rod, the support rod is arranged perpendicular to the piston rod, the support rod is provided with a mounting rod, the mounting rod is arranged parallel to the piston rod, and a magnet is provided at the end of the mounting rod away from the support rod. When the piston rod of the blocking cylinder moves in a direction away from the blocking cylinder, the magnet moves in a direction away from the disc cutter head.
[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, a mounting rod and a magnet are installed on the support rod, which can attract the outer cutter ring when it is lifted, thereby reducing the frequent up-and-down movement of the outer cutter ring and improving the service life of the disc cutter head.
[0026] In summary, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0027] 1. This application solves the main problem of existing mechanical control methods that cannot achieve precise speed adjustment and positioning, especially under high-speed operation conditions, which are prone to vibration and wear, resulting in reduced machining accuracy and tool life. This application achieves automatic workpiece positioning and switching by setting a PLC motor to control the rotation of the turntable, which improves machining efficiency, can accurately align the gear with the gear shaper for machining, and accurately achieve speed adjustment and positioning, thereby reducing vibration and wear under high-speed operation conditions, improving machining accuracy, and increasing tool life.
[0028] 2. This application also uses a sliding connection design between the machine body and the worktable and the use of a ball screw to enable the machine body to move along the worktable in a single direction, thereby enhancing the position adjustment function of the equipment, improving the machining accuracy and adaptability, and enabling tool retraction and tool feed. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of Example 1.
[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1.
[0031] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of Embodiment 1, mainly used to show the position of the disc cutter head.
[0032] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2, mainly used to show the position of the disc cutter head.
[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0034] 1. Worktable; 11. Turntable; 111. Gripper; 12. PLC motor; 13. Ball screw;
[0035] 2. Machine body; 21. Gear shaper cutter; 211. Cutter bar; 212. Disc cutter head; 213. Grinding teeth; 22. Drive rod; 23. Transmission rod; 24. Drive wheel; 25. Cutter barrel; 251. Elastic buffer; 26. Shower pipe;
[0036] 3. Blade ring; 31. Blocking cylinder; 311. Blocking block; 32. Support rod; 33. Mounting rod; 34. Magnet. Detailed Implementation
[0037] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0038] Example 1
[0039] A CNC gear shaping machine, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the machine includes a worktable 1, on which an organism 2 is mounted. The key feature is that a turntable 11 is also mounted on the worktable 1 corresponding to the organism 2. The turntable 11 is rotatably connected to the worktable 1. A PLC motor 12 is mounted on the worktable 1 corresponding to the turntable 11, and the PLC motor 12 is used to control the rotation of the turntable 11. In specific implementation, the PLC motor 12 can be programmed to control the rotation of the turntable 11 with higher precision as needed. This allows for more precise adjustment of the gear position during gear shaping, reducing misalignment that could affect machining accuracy and minimizing vibration caused by misalignment.
[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a gear shaping cutter 21 is installed inside the machine body 2. The gear shaping cutter 21 is slidably connected inside the machine body 2 and moves along the vertical direction of the machine body 2. An offset linkage mechanism is also installed inside the machine body 2. The offset linkage mechanism includes a drive rod 22 and a transmission rod 23. One end of the transmission rod 23 is hinged to the drive rod 22, and the other end of the transmission rod 23 is connected to the gear shaping cutter 21. The middle part of the transmission rod 23 is hinged to the machine body 2. The drive rod 22 drives the transmission rod 23 to swing, and the transmission rod 23 drives the gear shaping cutter 21 to move up and down. The offset linkage mechanism also includes a drive wheel 24, which is rotatably connected inside the machine body 2. The end of the drive rod 22 away from the transmission rod 23 is fixedly connected to the drive wheel 24, and the drive rod 22 is fixed at a position away from the center of the drive wheel 24. In specific implementation, the offset linkage mechanism can drive the gear shaping cutter 21 to move up and down, thereby realizing the gear shaping process.
[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a cutter cylinder 25 is provided on the machine body 2, aligned with the gear shaping cutter 21. The gear shaping cutter 21 is slidably connected inside the cutter cylinder 25, and the interior of the cutter cylinder 25 is in communication with the interior of the machine body 2. An elastic buffer 251 is also provided at the end of the cutter cylinder 25 away from the turntable 11. When compressed, the elastic buffer 251 tends to push the gear shaping cutter 21 toward the turntable 11. In a specific implementation, the elastic buffer 251 includes a spring, which can both assist in the reset of the gear shaping cutter 21 and buffer vibration, thereby improving its service life.
[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the gear shaping cutter 21 includes a tool holder 211 and a disc cutter head 212. The disc cutter head 212 is detachably connected to the bottom of the tool holder 211. Multiple cutting teeth 213 are provided on the disc cutter head 212, and the cutting teeth 213 are evenly spaced along the disc cutter head 212. In practice, the tool holder 211 is slidably connected to the tool cylinder 25, and the disc cutter head 212 can move up and down with the tool holder 211 to achieve machining.
[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the turntable 11 is also provided with multiple grippers 111, which are spaced apart around the circumference of the turntable 11. The grippers 111 are used to abut against the inner wall of the gear. In specific implementation, three grippers 111 are provided and the three grippers 111 move synchronously. The grippers 111 are driven by a cylinder. The grippers 111 are arranged in a fan shape and there are three of them. The grippers 111 can move outward at the same time, so that the grippers 111 can abut against the inner wall of the gear at the same time, thereby realizing the positioning of the gear.
[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the machine body 2 is slidably connected to the worktable 1. A ball screw 13 is provided on the worktable 1 corresponding to the machine body 2. The ball screw 13 is threadedly connected to the machine body 2. When the ball screw 13 rotates, the machine body 2 can slide along the worktable 1. In specific implementation, the ball screw 13 is driven by a motor. A groove is opened on the worktable 1 corresponding to the machine body 2, and the machine body 2 is embedded in the groove. Since the machine body 2 cannot rotate with the ball screw 13, the rotation of the ball screw 13 can drive the machine body 2 to move along the worktable 1, thereby enabling the machine body to complete the actions of tool feeding and retraction, further improving the convenience of gear replacement and reducing interference with the gear shaping cutter 21 when replacing gears.
[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the machine body 2 is also equipped with a shower pipe 26, which is used to spray coolant toward the gear. In specific implementation, the shower pipe 26 is connected to a water pipe, and the shower pipe 26 can spray clean water as coolant, while cleaning the debris generated during gear hobbing, reducing overheating during gear hobbing, and also reducing the accumulation of debris at the gear that affects the processing.
[0046] Working principle: Based on the gear size, the corresponding PLC program is written. The gear is fixed on the turntable 11 and can be driven to rotate according to the written program. At this time, with the gear shaper 21, the gear can be shaped by moving up and down at high speed to complete the gear tooth machining.
[0047] Example 2
[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the main difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the disc cutter head 212 in Embodiment 2 includes multiple cutter rings 3, which are slidably connected to adjacent cutter rings 3. The diameter of the outer cutter ring 3 is larger than that of the inner cutter ring 3. A blocking cylinder 31 is also provided on the upper side of the disc cutter head 212 on the gear shaping cutter 21. The blocking cylinders 31 are respectively provided on both sides of the gear shaping cutter 21. A blocking block 311 is provided on the piston rod of the blocking cylinder 31, which is used to abut against the cutter ring 3. In specific implementation, during processing, the function of each cutter ring 3 is the same as that of the disc cutter head 212 in Embodiment 1. The corresponding cutter ring 3 is selected and blocked by the blocking cylinder 31. When blocking, the outer cutter ring 3 can abut against the gear from the outside. At this time, the outer cutter ring 3 is not restricted in displacement and will be pushed up after contacting the gear. Therefore, the gear can be pressed by the outer cutter ring 3, while the inner cutter ring 3 is restricted in displacement and can be processed normally.
[0049] like Figure 4As shown, a support rod 32 is also provided on the piston rod of the blocking cylinder 31. The support rod 32 is perpendicular to the piston rod, and a mounting rod 33 is provided on the support rod 32. The mounting rod 33 is parallel to the piston rod, and a magnet 34 is provided on the end of the mounting rod 33 away from the support rod 32. When the piston rod of the blocking cylinder 31 moves away from the blocking cylinder 31, the magnet 34 moves away from the disc cutter head 212. In specific implementation, when the outer cutter ring 3 is lifted, it is attracted to the outer cutter ring 3, thereby reducing the frequent up and down movement of the outer cutter ring 3 and improving the service life of the disc cutter head 212. The lifted cutter ring 3 still has a certain clamping effect.
[0050] Working principle: The basic working principle is the same as in Example 1, but a cutter ring 3 is added. Different cutter rings 3 can be selected for processing according to the size of the gear, thereby further improving the convenience of tool changing. At the same time, the cutter ring 3 can also clamp the gear, which can further improve the stability of processing.
[0051] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A CNC gear hobbing machine, comprising a worktable (1), wherein an organism (2) is disposed on the worktable (1), characterized in that: The workbench (1) is also provided with a turntable (11) corresponding to the machine body (2). The turntable (11) is rotatably connected to the workbench (1). A PLC motor (12) is provided on the workbench (1) corresponding to the turntable (11). The PLC motor (12) is used to control the rotation of the turntable (11). A gear shaping cutter (21) is provided inside the machine body (2). The gear shaping cutter (21) is slidably connected inside the machine body (2). The gear shaping cutter (21) moves along the vertical direction of the machine body (2). An offset linkage mechanism is also provided inside the machine body (2). The offset linkage mechanism includes a drive rod (22) and a transmission rod (23). One end of the transmission rod (23) is hinged to the drive rod (22), and the other end of the transmission rod (23) is connected to the gear shaping cutter (21). The middle part of the transmission rod (23) is hinged to the machine body (2). The drive rod (22) is used to drive the transmission rod (23) to swing, and the transmission rod (23) is used to drive the gear shaping cutter (21) to move up and down. The gear shaping cutter (21) includes a cutter bar (211) and a disc cutter head (212). The disc cutter head (212) is detachably connected to the bottom of the cutter bar (211). The disc cutter head (212) is provided with a plurality of rubbing teeth (213), which are equidistantly spaced along the disc cutter head (212). The disc cutter head (212) includes multiple cutter rings (3), which are slidably connected to adjacent cutter rings (3). The diameter of the cutter ring (3) located on the outer side is larger than that of the cutter ring (3) located on the inner side. A blocking cylinder (31) is also provided on the upper side of the disc cutter head (212) on the gear shaping cutter (21). The blocking cylinders (31) are respectively provided on both sides of the gear shaping cutter (21). A blocking block (311) is provided on the piston rod of the blocking cylinder (31), and the blocking block (311) is used to abut against the cutter ring (3).
2. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bias linkage mechanism also includes a drive wheel (24), which is rotatably connected to the body (2). The end of the drive rod (22) away from the transmission rod (23) is fixedly connected to the drive wheel (24), and the drive rod (22) is fixed at a position away from the center of the drive wheel (24).
3. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body (2) is provided with a cutter cylinder (25) aligned with the gear cutter (21), the gear cutter (21) is slidably connected inside the cutter cylinder (25), and the interior of the cutter cylinder (25) is connected to the interior of the machine body (2).
4. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic buffer (251) is also provided at one end of the cutter barrel (25) away from the turntable (11). When the elastic buffer (251) is pressed, it tends to push the gear cutter (21) toward the turntable (11).
5. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turntable (11) is also provided with a plurality of grippers (111), which are spaced apart around the turntable (11) and are used to abut against the inner wall of the gear.
6. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body (2) is slidably connected to the worktable (1). A ball screw (13) is provided on the worktable (1) corresponding to the machine body (2). The ball screw (13) is threadedly connected to the machine body (2). When the ball screw (13) rotates, the machine body (2) can slide along the worktable (1).
7. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body (2) is also provided with a shower pipe (26), which is used to spray coolant toward the gear.
8. A CNC gear shaping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston rod of the blocking cylinder (31) is also provided with a support rod (32), which is perpendicular to the piston rod. The support rod (32) is provided with an mounting rod (33), which is parallel to the piston rod. A magnet (34) is provided at one end of the mounting rod (33) away from the support rod (32). When the piston rod of the blocking cylinder (31) moves away from the blocking cylinder (31), the magnet (34) moves away from the disc cutter head (212).