Clamping and releasing mechanism and machine tool

Abstract

The present application discloses a clamping and releasing mechanism and a machine tool, the clamping and releasing mechanism comprising a core shaft, a broaching rod, a guide shaft, a sphere, a support sleeve, a knife punching sleeve and a transition sleeve. The guide shaft is connected to the broaching rod, the movement of the guide shaft drives the movement of the broaching rod, and an inclined second groove wall is arranged in the groove of the guide shaft, and a sphere is arranged in the groove, the guide shaft is pushed by the sphere, so that after the knife punching sleeve moves in the second direction, it can drive the guide shaft to move in the first direction until the guide shaft abuts against the knife punching sleeve, and the position of the sphere is limited between the first knife punching sleeve and the boss of the guide shaft. In the above manner, the present application can improve the stability of the knife punching rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical technology, and in particular to a clamping and releasing mechanism and a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] Machine tools are indispensable and important equipment in modern manufacturing, and are widely used in metal processing, machinery manufacturing, mold making and other fields. With the rapid development of industrial automation and intelligent manufacturing, the technical level of machine tools has been continuously improved, especially in terms of precision, efficiency and flexibility. The spindle is one of the core components of the machine tool, which is responsible for rotating the tool and transmitting power. The tool is fixed in the processing position through the spindle. The applicant of this application found that the tool would become loose during the processing process during the long-term research and development process. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a clamping and releasing mechanism and a machine tool, which can improve the stability of the tool rod.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a clamping and releasing mechanism, including: a core shaft, which is a hollow structure; a broaching rod, which is arranged in the core shaft, including a first end and a second end arranged in sequence in a first direction, and the first end of the broaching rod is used to connect the broaching claw; a guide shaft, which is arranged on the core shaft and connected to the second end of the broaching rod, the guide shaft includes an axis body extending along the first direction and a boss surrounding the axis body, a first gap is formed between the boss and the core shaft, and the outer peripheral surface of the boss is provided with a groove surrounding the axis body, the groove includes a first groove wall and a second groove wall arranged in sequence in the first direction, and the second groove wall is inclined relative to the axis body in the direction away from the broaching rod; a sphere, which is arranged in the groove; a support sleeve, which is arranged in the core shaft, and the support sleeve is at least arranged on the periphery of the guide shaft, the support sleeve includes a first end and a second end arranged in sequence in the first direction, and the second end abuts against the sphere to clamp the The sphere is limited between the second end of the support sleeve and the second groove wall; a knife sleeve is arranged on the core shaft, including a first knife sleeve and a second knife sleeve arranged in sequence in the first direction, the first knife sleeve and the second knife sleeve are both hollow structures, and the inner diameter of the first knife sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the second knife sleeve, the second knife sleeve is slidably arranged on the periphery of the shaft body and an oil inlet gap is formed between the second knife sleeve and the shaft body, when the knife sleeve moves in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the first knife sleeve enters the first gap between the boss and the core shaft to squeeze the sphere until the boss abuts against the knife sleeve, and at the same time, the end face of the second end of the support sleeve is provided with an avoidance space for the first knife sleeve to enter; a transition sleeve is arranged in the core shaft and on the periphery of the second knife sleeve, the transition sleeve is connected to the core shaft, a first cavity is formed between the transition sleeve and the knife sleeve, and at the same time, the transition sleeve is provided with a first through hole connected to the first cavity and a second through hole connected to the oil inlet gap.

[0005] Wherein, the transition sleeve includes: a transition sleeve body, which is arranged on the periphery of the second knife sleeve; a convex ring, which is arranged around the transition sleeve body, the convex ring is provided with the first through hole extending along the first direction, and the transition sleeve body is provided with a second through hole extending radially along the transition sleeve body, and the first through hole and the second through hole are spaced apart in the first direction.

[0006] Wherein, the clamping and releasing mechanism also includes: a sleeve, which is arranged in the core shaft and sleeved on the periphery of the transition sleeve, and is provided with a first channel connected to the first through hole and extending along the first direction and a second channel connected to the second through hole and extending along the first direction.

[0007] Wherein, the second groove wall is provided with a guide groove, the sphere is limited in the guide groove, and the extension direction of the guide groove is the same as the inclination direction of the second groove wall relative to the shaft body.

[0008] There are multiple guide grooves and multiple balls, and the balls are arranged one-to-one with the guide grooves. The balls are limited in the corresponding guide grooves, and the guide grooves are arranged at equal intervals.

[0009] Among them, the boss includes a first sub-boss, a second sub-boss and a third sub-boss arranged in sequence in the first direction. In the radial direction of the shaft body, the first sub-boss protrudes from the second sub-boss, and the third sub-boss protrudes from the first sub-boss, so that the groove is formed between the first sub-boss, the second sub-boss and the third sub-boss.

[0010] Wherein, the first sub-boss, the second sub-boss and the third sub-boss are integrally formed.

[0011] Wherein, the support sleeve comprises a first support sub-sleeve body and a second support sub-sleeve body which are sequentially arranged along the first direction and connected to each other, and the second support sub-sleeve body is spaced apart from the core shaft to form the avoidance space.

[0012] Wherein, the inclination angle of the second groove wall relative to the shaft body ranges from 15° to 40°.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a machine tool, comprising a clamping and releasing mechanism as described in any one of the above items.

[0014] The beneficial effect of the present application is: different from the prior art, the clamping and releasing mechanism in the present application is provided with a guide shaft connected to the tool pulling rod, the movement of the guide shaft drives the movement of the tool pulling rod, and an inclined second groove wall is provided in the groove of the guide shaft, and a ball is provided in the groove, and the guide shaft is pushed by the ball, so that after the knife sleeve moves in the second direction, it can drive the guide shaft to move in the first direction until the guide shaft and the knife sleeve are abutted, and the position of the ball is limited between the first knife sleeve of the knife sleeve and the boss of the guide shaft, and the position of the ball is locked, and it will not move easily, so that after the clamping and releasing mechanism enters the clamping state, it can maintain a stable state and is not prone to shaking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping and releasing mechanism of the present application in a relaxed state;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing mechanism of the present application in a clamping state;

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle guide shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The clamping and releasing mechanism 100 includes a core shaft 1, a broaching rod 2, a guide shaft 3, a sphere 4, a supporting sleeve 5, a broaching sleeve 6 and a transition sleeve 7.

[0021] The clamping and releasing mechanism 100 is used to connect with the pulling claw. When the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 is in a relaxed state, the pulling claw opens so that the tool can be inserted. When the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 is in a clamped state, the pulling claw also clamps the tool at the same time, thereby fixing the tool for subsequent processing.

[0022] The mandrel 1 is a hollow structure. The broaching rod 2 is arranged in the mandrel 1. The broaching rod 2 includes a first end and a second end which are arranged in sequence in a first direction D1. The first end of the broaching rod 2 is used for connecting with a broaching claw.

[0023] Specifically, the core shaft 1 is applied to the main shaft, and the first end of the tool pulling rod 2 is connected to the pulling claw. When the tool pulling rod 2 moves along the first direction D1, the pulling claw is gradually clamped so that the main shaft can clamp the tool. When moving along the second direction D2 opposite to the first direction D1, the pulling claw is gradually opened so that the main shaft can release the tool for replacement.

[0024] The guide shaft 3 is arranged in the core shaft 1 and connected to the second end of the broaching rod 2. The guide shaft 3 includes an axis body 31 extending along the first direction D1 and a boss 32 surrounding the axis body 31. A first gap is formed between the boss 32 and the core shaft 1, and the outer peripheral surface of the boss 32 is provided with a groove 321 surrounding the axis body 31. The groove 321 includes a first groove wall 3211 and a second groove wall 3212 which are arranged in sequence in the first direction D1. The second groove wall 3212 is inclined relative to the axis body 31 in the direction away from the broaching rod 2, and the ball 4 is arranged in the groove 321.

[0025] Specifically, the guide shaft 3 is fixedly connected to the second end of the broaching rod 2, and when the guide shaft 3 moves along the first direction D1, the guide shaft 3 drives the broaching rod 2 to move in the first direction D1. There is a first gap between the boss 32 of the guide shaft 3 and the core shaft 1, that is, the boss 32 is not in direct contact with the core shaft 1, and the outer peripheral surface of the boss 32 is provided with a groove 321 surrounding the shaft body 31, and the ball 4 is arranged in the groove 321, and the second groove wall 3212 of the groove 321 is inclined compared to the broaching rod 2, and the ball 4 is close to the second groove wall 3212 of the groove 321, and when the guide shaft 3 moves back and forth along the first direction D1, the ball 4 can move relatively along the second groove wall 3212 of the groove 321.

[0026] The support sleeve 5 is arranged in the core shaft 1, and the support sleeve 5 is at least arranged on the periphery of the guide shaft 3. The support sleeve 5 includes a first end and a second end which are arranged in sequence in the first direction D1. The second end abuts against the ball 4 to limit the ball 4 between the second end of the support sleeve 5 and the second groove wall 3212.

[0027] Specifically, the support sleeve 5 is arranged on the periphery of the guide shaft 3 to support the guide shaft 3. When the position of the guide shaft 3 is fixed, the second end of the support sleeve 5 and the second groove wall 3212 of the guide shaft 3 limit the movement of the ball 4 in the first direction D1.

[0028] The beating knife sleeve 6 is arranged on the core shaft 1, including a first knife sleeve 61 and a second knife sleeve 62 arranged in sequence in the first direction D1. The first knife sleeve 61 and the second knife sleeve 62 are both hollow structures, and the inner diameter of the first knife sleeve 61 is larger than the inner diameter of the second knife sleeve 62. The second knife sleeve 62 is slidably arranged on the outer periphery of the shaft body 31 and an oil inlet gap 63 is formed between the second knife sleeve 62 and the shaft body 31. When the beating knife sleeve 6 moves in a second direction D2 opposite to the first direction D1, the first knife sleeve 61 enters the first gap between the boss 32 and the core shaft 1 to squeeze the ball 4 until the boss 32 abuts against the beating knife sleeve 6. At the same time, the end face of the second end of the support sleeve 5 is provided with an escape space 64 for the first knife sleeve 61 to enter.

[0029] Specifically, the knife sleeve 6 is arranged in the core shaft 1, and can slide back and forth in the core shaft 1 along the first direction D1. The guide shaft 3 is arranged in the knife sleeve 6. Further, the guide shaft 3 is arranged in the second knife sleeve 62 of the knife sleeve 6, and can slide back and forth in the first direction D1 in the second knife sleeve 62. The second direction D2 is set to be the opposite direction of the first direction D1. When the first knife sleeve 61 of the knife sleeve 6 slides along the second direction D2, the first knife sleeve 61 enters the first gap between the boss 32 and the core shaft 1, that is, enters the groove 321 to squeeze the ball 4. The ball 4 applies a force to the guide shaft 3 to move along the first direction D1, so that the guide shaft 3 moves along the first direction D1. The first knife sleeve 61 of the knife sleeve 6 continues to move along the second direction D2 to the avoidance space 64, and the knife sleeve 6 also continues to move until the guide shaft 3 abuts against the knife sleeve 6 (such as Figure 2 As shown), the ball 4 is finally confined in the space composed of the second end of the support sleeve 5, the groove 321 and the first knife sleeve 61.

[0030] The transition sleeve 7 is arranged in the core shaft 1 and is arranged on the periphery of the second knife sleeve 62. The transition sleeve 7 is connected to the core shaft 1. A first cavity 73 is formed between the transition sleeve 7 and the knife sleeve 6. At the same time, the transition sleeve 7 is provided with a first through hole 71 connected to the first cavity 73 and a second through hole 72 connected to the oil inlet gap 63.

[0031] Specifically, a first cavity 73 is formed between the transition sleeve 7 and the punching sleeve 6, an oil inlet gap 63 is formed between the second knife sleeve 62 and the shaft body 31, the first through hole 71 is connected to the first cavity 73, and the second through hole 72 is connected to the oil inlet gap 63. The liquid can enter the first cavity 73 through the first through hole, and can also enter the oil inlet gap 63 through the second through hole 72, and then enter the first knife sleeve 61. When the first cavity 73 is greater than the pressure in the first knife sleeve 61, the punching sleeve 6 moves in the second direction D2. When the first cavity 73 is less than the pressure in the first knife sleeve 61, the punching sleeve 6 moves in the first direction D1.

[0032] In the present application, the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 is provided with a guide shaft 3 connected with the tool pulling rod 2. The movement of the guide shaft 3 drives the tool pulling rod 2 to move, and an inclined second groove wall 3212 is provided in the groove 321 of the guide shaft 3, and a ball 4 is provided in the groove 321. The guide shaft 3 is pushed by the ball 4, so that after the knife sleeve 6 moves in the second direction D2, it can drive the guide shaft 3 to move in the first direction D1 until the guide shaft 3 abuts against the knife sleeve 6, and the position of the ball 4 is limited between the first knife sleeve 61 of the knife sleeve 6 and the boss 32 of the guide shaft 3, and the position of the ball 4 is locked so that it will not move easily, so that after the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 enters the clamping state, it can maintain a stable state and is not prone to shaking.

[0033] Continue reading Figure 1The transition sleeve 7 includes a transition sleeve body 74 and a convex ring 75. The transition sleeve body 74 is arranged on the periphery of the second knife sleeve 62, and the convex ring 75 is arranged around the transition sleeve body 74. The convex ring 75 is provided with a first through hole 71 extending along the first direction D1, and the transition sleeve body 74 is provided with a second through hole 72 extending along the radial direction of the transition sleeve body 74. The first through hole 71 and the second through hole 72 are arranged at intervals in the first direction D1.

[0034] Specifically, the convex ring 75 is provided with a first through hole 71 extending along the first direction D1, and the liquid can enter the first cavity 73 along the first through hole 71. The transition sleeve 74 is provided with a second through hole 72 extending radially along the transition sleeve 74, and the liquid can enter the oil inlet gap 63 along the first through hole 71.

[0035] In practical applications, the above liquid is usually oil, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 When it is necessary to set the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 to a clamping state, oil is introduced from the first through hole 71 to increase the oil pressure in the first cavity 73. During this process, the oil in the knife sleeve 6 flows out from the second through hole 72 through the oil inlet gap 63, reducing the oil pressure in the knife sleeve 6, and generating a force on the knife sleeve 6 in the second direction D2 through the oil pressure difference, thereby pushing the knife sleeve 6 to move in the second direction D2; when it is necessary to set the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 to a releasing state, oil is introduced from the second through hole 72 to increase the oil pressure in the knife sleeve 6, and the oil in the first cavity 73 flows out through the first through hole 71 to reduce the oil pressure in the first cavity 73, and generating a force on the knife sleeve 6 in the first direction D1 through the oil pressure difference, thereby pushing the knife sleeve 6 to move in the first direction D1.

[0036] Continue reading Figure 1 The clamping and releasing mechanism 100 also includes a sleeve 8, which is arranged in the core shaft 1 and sleeved on the periphery of the transition sleeve 74, and is provided with a first channel 81 connected to the first through hole 71 and extending along the first direction D1, and a second channel 82 connected to the second through hole 72 and extending along the first direction D1.

[0037] Specifically, the first channel 81 of the sleeve 8 is connected to the first through hole 71 of the transition sleeve 7, and then connected to the first cavity 73. The second channel 82 of the sleeve 8 is connected to the second through hole 72 of the transition sleeve 7, and then connected to the space inside the knife sleeve 6. The liquid can enter the first through hole 71 through the first channel 81, and can also flow out from the first through hole 71 to the first channel 81. Similarly, the liquid can flow between the second channel 82 and the second through hole 72.

[0038] In one embodiment, a sealing ring is further provided on the periphery of the sleeve 8 to prevent liquid leakage. In another embodiment, a sealing ring is also provided between the transition sleeve 7 and the sleeve 8 .

[0039] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The second groove wall 3212 is provided with a guide groove 33 , and the ball 4 is limited in the guide groove 33 . The extending direction of the guide groove 33 is the same as the inclination direction of the second groove wall 3212 relative to the shaft body 31 .

[0040] Specifically, the outer peripheral surface of the boss 32 is provided with a groove 321 surrounding the shaft body 31, and the groove 321 includes a first groove wall 3211 and a second groove wall 3212. The guide groove 33 extends along the inclination direction of the second groove wall 3212. The guide groove 33 is arranged on the second groove wall 3212, and the ball 4 is arranged in the guide groove 33. The guide groove 33 further limits the ball 4, so that during the movement of the guide shaft 3 and the knife sleeve 6, the ball 4 is always located between the guide groove 33 and the first knife sleeve 61.

[0041] In one embodiment, there are multiple guide grooves 33 and multiple balls 4. Multiple balls 4 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with multiple guide grooves 33. Balls 4 are limited in corresponding guide grooves 33. At the same time, multiple guide grooves 33 are arranged at equal intervals.

[0042] Specifically, a plurality of guide grooves 33 are evenly spaced on the second groove wall 3212, and the spheres 4 are correspondingly arranged in the guide grooves 33. When the knife sleeve 6 moves, the guide shaft 3 is subjected to the combined force generated on the plurality of spheres 4 and acts in the axial direction of the guide shaft 3, so that the guide shaft 3 can move along the first direction D1. The advantage of such a setting is that the guide shaft 3 is subjected to uniform force and is not easily offset.

[0043] Furthermore, the number of guide grooves 33 can be three, and the number of balls 4 can be correspondingly set to three. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of guide grooves 33 can also be four or five, and the number of balls 4 can be correspondingly set to four or five. It should be noted that this application does not limit the number of guide grooves 33 and balls 4.

[0044] Continue reading Figure 1 The boss 32 includes a first sub-boss 322, a second sub-boss 323 and a third sub-boss 324 arranged in sequence in the first direction D1. In the radial direction of the shaft body 31, the first sub-boss 322 protrudes from the second sub-boss 323, and the third sub-boss 324 protrudes from the first sub-boss 322, so that a groove 321 is formed between the first sub-boss 322, the second sub-boss 323 and the third sub-boss 324.

[0045] Specifically, the second sub-boss 323 is the bottom of the groove 321 , and the first sub-boss 322 and the third sub-boss 324 constitute the sidewalls of the groove 321 , so that the groove 321 is formed among the first sub-boss 322 , the second sub-boss 323 , and the third sub-boss 324 .

[0046] In one embodiment, the first sub-boss 322 , the second sub-boss 323 , and the third sub-boss 324 are integrally formed.

[0047] Specifically, the first sub-boss 322, the second sub-boss 323 and the third sub-boss 324 are prepared by integral casting, that is, when the boss 32 is prepared, it is integrally cast. The integrally formed structure can increase the strength of the boss 32 and reduce stress concentration. It should be noted that the present application does not limit the processing method of the boss 32.

[0048] In one embodiment, the support sleeve 5 includes a first support sub-sleeve body 51 and a second support sub-sleeve body 52 which are sequentially arranged along the first direction D1 and connected to each other. The second support sub-sleeve body 52 is spaced apart from the core shaft 1 to form an avoidance space 64 .

[0049] Specifically, an escape space 64 is formed between the second supporting sub-housing body 52 and the core shaft 1 , and the first tool housing 61 can enter the escape space 64 , so that the position of the ball 4 is limited in the first tool housing 61 and the groove 321 .

[0050] In one embodiment, the first supporting sub-casing 51 and the second supporting sub-casing 52 are integrally formed.

[0051] In another embodiment, a sealing ring is disposed on the periphery of the support sleeve 5 to prevent liquid leakage. Of course, in other embodiments, a sealing ring may also be disposed on the periphery of the broaching rod 2.

[0052] In one embodiment, the inclination angle θ of the second groove wall 3212 relative to the shaft body 31 ranges from 15° to 40°.

[0053] Specifically, it can be understood that the inclination angle θ is the angle between the second groove wall 3212 and the axis of the shaft body 31, and the inclination angle θ can be 15°, 25°, 30°, 35° or 40°. It should be noted that the present application does not limit the inclination angle θ of the second groove wall 3212 relative to the shaft body 31.

[0054] The machine tool includes the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 in any of the above embodiments. The machine tool includes CNC machine tools, lathes, milling machines and other machine tool types. The specific structure of the clamping and releasing mechanism 100 can be found in the above introduction and will not be described here.

[0055] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A clamping and releasing mechanism, characterized in that: include: The mandrel has a hollow structure; A broaching rod is arranged in the mandrel, comprising a first end and a second end arranged in sequence in a first direction, wherein the first end of the broaching rod is used to connect with a pulling claw; a guide shaft, arranged in the mandrel and connected to the second end of the broaching rod, the guide shaft comprising a shaft body extending along the first direction and a boss surrounding the shaft body, a first gap being formed between the boss and the mandrel, and a groove surrounding the shaft body being provided on the outer peripheral surface of the boss, the groove comprising a first groove wall and a second groove wall sequentially spaced in the first direction, the second groove wall being inclined relative to the shaft body in a direction away from the broaching rod; a ball disposed in the groove; A support sleeve is arranged in the core shaft, and the support sleeve is at least arranged on the periphery of the guide shaft, the support sleeve comprises a first end and a second end which are sequentially arranged in the first direction, and the second end abuts against the ball to limit the ball between the second end of the support sleeve and the second groove wall; A tool sleeve is arranged in the core shaft, including a first tool sleeve and a second tool sleeve arranged in sequence in the first direction, the first tool sleeve and the second tool sleeve are both hollow structures, and the inner diameter of the first tool sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the second tool sleeve, the second tool sleeve is slidably arranged on the periphery of the shaft body, and an oil inlet gap is formed between the second tool sleeve and the shaft body, when the tool sleeve moves toward a second direction opposite to the first direction, the first tool sleeve enters the first gap between the boss and the core shaft to squeeze the ball until the boss abuts against the tool sleeve, and at the same time, an end surface of the second end portion of the support sleeve is provided with an escape space for the first tool sleeve to enter; A transition sleeve is arranged in the core shaft and on the periphery of the second knife sleeve. The transition sleeve is connected to the core shaft. A first cavity is formed between the transition sleeve and the knife sleeve. The transition sleeve is provided with a first through hole connected to the first cavity and a second through hole connected to the oil inlet gap.

2. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition sleeve comprises: A transition sleeve body, arranged on the periphery of the second knife sleeve; A convex ring is arranged around the transition sleeve, the convex ring is provided with the first through hole extending along the first direction, the transition sleeve is provided with a second through hole extending radially along the transition sleeve, and the first through hole and the second through hole are spaced apart in the first direction.

3. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: The sleeve is arranged in the core shaft and sleeved on the periphery of the transition sleeve, and is provided with a first channel connected with the first through hole and extending along the first direction and a second channel connected with the second through hole and extending along the first direction.

4. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second groove wall is provided with a guide groove, the sphere is limited in the guide groove, and the extension direction of the guide groove is the same as the inclination direction of the second groove wall relative to the shaft body.

5. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are multiple guide grooves, and there are multiple balls. The balls are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the guide grooves. The balls are limited in the corresponding guide grooves, and the guide grooves are arranged at equal intervals.

6. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boss includes a first sub-boss, a second sub-boss and a third sub-boss arranged in sequence in the first direction. In the radial direction of the shaft body, the first sub-boss protrudes from the second sub-boss, and the third sub-boss protrudes from the first sub-boss, so that the groove is formed among the first sub-boss, the second sub-boss and the third sub-boss.

7. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first sub-boss, the second sub-boss and the third sub-boss are integrally formed.

8. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support sleeve comprises a first support sub-sleeve body and a second support sub-sleeve body which are sequentially arranged along the first direction and connected to each other, and the second support sub-sleeve body is spaced apart from the core shaft to form the avoidance space.

9. The clamping and releasing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the second groove wall relative to the shaft body ranges from 15° to 40°.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that: It comprises a clamping and releasing mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above.

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