A repeatable energy-absorbing structure made of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials
Through the composite and embedded design of elastic and elastoplastic materials, the problems of high resilience of elastic materials and irrecoverability of elastoplastic materials are solved, and the effects of repeated energy absorption and low resilience are achieved, which is suitable for the field of collision protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411420287.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-10-12
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the high resilience of elastic materials leads to a small energy absorption area of the hysteresis loop, the irreversibility of elastoplastic materials limits the ability to absorb multiple energy, and the existing repeatable energy absorption structure is sensitive to the direction of external force, making it difficult to apply to the field of collision protection.
The elastic material and the elastoplastic material are compounded, the elastoplastic material is embedded in the elastic material, and a repeatable energy-absorbing structure with a large hysteresis loop area and low rebound force is formed through the restoring force of the elastic material and the plastic energy absorption of the elastoplastic material.
It achieves multiple repeatable energy absorption, reduces rebound force, enhances structural rigidity and hysteresis loop area, is suitable for multi-directional impact, and is easy to construct and low-cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN119196213B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of buffering and energy absorption, and in particular to a repeatable energy absorption structure composed of an elastic material and an elastic-plastic material. Background Art
[0002] Elastic materials are widely used in energy-absorbing scenarios such as packaging engineering because of their good recovery properties and the rebound force after being compressed that is equal to the loading force. Porous materials made of elastoplastic materials, such as honeycomb structures, are characterized by being lightweight, high-strength, and having a high energy absorption level, and are often used in the field of collision protection. However, for elastic materials, their higher rebound force, on the one hand, reduces the energy absorption area of the hysteresis loop, and on the other hand, causes certain damage to the protective structure. For elastoplastic materials, the irreversible nature of elastoplastic materials determines that the energy-absorbing structure made of elastoplastic materials can only achieve single energy absorption, and cannot achieve multiple energy absorption. In actual scenarios, for example, under the action of a strong earthquake, the displacement of the building exceeds the reserved distance of the earthquake trench and will hit the foundation structure. If a crash cushion is to be set up to protect the building from multiple collisions, and has a smaller rebound force to protect the building and the foundation structure, elastic materials or elastoplastic materials alone cannot achieve this goal. If a composite structure model is built that combines elastic and elastoplastic materials, the elastic material's rebound force precisely allows the compressed elastoplastic material to recover, while the overall reaction force of the composite structure is relatively small. The elastoplastic material increases the overall stiffness of the structure, and the plasticity of the elastoplastic material increases the area of the hysteresis loop.
[0003] At the same time, most current repeatable energy-absorbing structures rely on springs and friction damping, and are highly dependent on the direction of the external compressive force. They are required to be part of the overall structure and are often used for earthquake protection of building steel structures. However, in the collision field, the impactor and the crash pad are separated, making them unsuitable for collision energy absorption. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials. This structure addresses the inability of elastoplastic porous materials in collision protection to achieve repeated energy absorption, as well as the excessively high resilience of some elastic materials. The elastic and elastoplastic materials are composited, with the elastoplastic material embedded within the elastic material. This composite structure exhibits a large hysteresis loop energy-absorbing area and low resilience.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:
[0006] A repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material, comprising:
[0007] Energy absorbing unit made of elastic-plastic material;
[0008] A support unit made of elastic material; the support unit is filled between the energy absorbing units, and is used to provide anti-deformation force when the energy absorbing unit absorbs energy, and provide restoring force after the energy absorbing unit absorbs energy.
[0009] The present invention is a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material, which is coupled by embedding the elastoplastic material and the elastic material into each other. The plasticity of the elastoplastic material can serve as a source of energy absorption, while the restoring force of the elastic material enables the elastoplastic material to return to its original state. Through the support of the elastic material, the hysteresis loop area of the force-displacement curve of the elastoplastic material under the action of reciprocating compression can be increased, thereby improving the energy absorption capacity. Among elastic materials, the compression recovery rate of the elastic material is relatively high, and at the same time, it has a relatively high resilience when unloading after compression. The Young's modulus of the elastoplastic material is relatively large, and the irreversible deformation is relatively large when unloading after compression. At the same time, the elastoplastic material has a good ability to deform repeatedly.
[0010] After the elastic material is processed by laser cutting and the elastic-plastic material is processed by mold, the elastic material and the elastic-plastic material are bonded by a strong soft adhesive, and no relative sliding occurs at the bonding interface.
[0011] The energy absorbing unit is an arc corrugated plate.
[0012] The arc corrugated plate is formed by upper and lower mirrored arc segments connected one by one through two end points; the radius r of the arc segment is selected as 32 mm, r is determined according to the specific structural length requirements, and the central angle θ of the arc segment is in the range of 60°-120°. Within this angle range, it can be ensured that the plastic area of the corrugated plate is more distributed and the length of the plastic area is longer.
[0013] The two adjacent arc-shaped corrugated plates are topologically mirrored to form an integral structure. Compared with other configurations, after the corrugated plate integral structure is compounded with elastic material, the plastic hinges can be evenly distributed, achieving repeated energy absorption without fatigue fracture.
[0014] The energy-absorbing structure is a honeycomb structure created by mirroring corrugated plates, with the corrugated plates and elastic material interlaced and stacked to form the overall structure. Alternatively, a structure made of pre-fabricated elastic-plastic material using 3D printing and then filled with elastic block material can be used to create the overall structure. Alternatively, a corrugated plate structure that combines elastic and elastic-plastic materials can be created by translating or mirroring the corrugated plates to form the overall structure.
[0015] The elastic material constituting the supporting unit is rubber material, polyurethane, foam or sponge.
[0016] The supporting unit is a spring.
[0017] The elastic material constituting the energy absorbing unit is a metal material or a plastic.
[0018] The metal material constituting the energy absorbing unit is steel, aluminum or copper.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0020] 1. The present invention proposes a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material, which can achieve multiple repeatable energy absorption, solving the problem that most current elastoplastic material energy-absorbing structures cannot achieve multiple energy absorption.
[0021] 2. The present invention proposes a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material, which can absorb energy by relying on the elastic-plastic properties of the elastoplastic material, and at the same time rely on the resilience of the elastic material to enable the structure to recover with a lower resilience force.
[0022] 3. This invention proposes a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials. The elastic material is cut into the shape of a support unit, the elastoplastic material is molded into the shape of an energy-absorbing unit, and the elastic and elastoplastic materials are bonded together. Compared to traditional energy-absorbing structures and friction damping spring self-resetting structures, this construction method is simpler, faster, and more cost-effective.
[0023] 4. This invention proposes a repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials. This structure is insensitive to the direction of collision protection, meaning it can withstand impacts from multiple directions and achieve repeatable energy absorption. Compared to traditional self-resetting damper structures that are sensitive to compression direction, this repeatable energy-absorbing structure, composed of elastic and elastoplastic materials, is applicable to a wider range of energy absorption scenarios and has a broader range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 A top view of a repeatable energy absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 The manufacturing process of the embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 3 A plan view of the arc corrugated plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 4 The reciprocating compression stress-strain curve of the structure capable of repeatedly absorbing energy and composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials according to an embodiment of the present invention and the reciprocating compression stress-strain curve of a pure elastic material;
[0028] Figure 5Schematic diagrams of repeatable energy-absorbing structures of energy-absorbing units of other configurations, wherein (a) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of regular hexagonal honeycomb elastic-plastic materials; (b) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of corrugated plate translational elastic-plastic materials; (c) is a curved beam structure of mixed elastic and elastic-plastic materials; (d) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of rotational chiral integrated elastic-plastic materials; (e) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of chiral integrated elastic-plastic materials; (f) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of anti-chiral integrated elastic-plastic materials; (g) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of concave hexagonal honeycomb elastic-plastic materials; (h) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of brick-type elastic-plastic materials; (i) is a hexagonal honeycomb structure of mixed elastic and elastic-plastic materials;
[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a structure formed by alternating and stacking elastic-plastic corrugated plates and elastic materials, including: (a) a composite energy-absorbing structure of elastic-plastic materials with a translational type of corrugated plate, (b) a composite energy-absorbing structure of elastic-plastic materials with a regular hexagonal honeycomb, (c) a composite energy-absorbing structure of elastic-plastic materials with a brick type, and (d) a composite energy-absorbing structure of elastic-plastic materials with a concave hexagonal honeycomb;
[0030] Figure 7 A manufacturing flow chart for filling elastic blocks into an integrated elastic-plastic material structure, wherein the structure includes: (a) a composite energy-absorbing structure of a rotationally chiral integrated elastic-plastic material, (b) a composite energy-absorbing structure of a chiral integrated elastic-plastic material and a composite energy-absorbing structure of an anti-chiral integrated elastic-plastic material;
[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram for preparing a corrugated plate made of mixed elastic and elastoplastic materials, wherein the structures include: a hexagonal honeycomb structure made of mixed elastic and elastoplastic materials and a curved beam structure made of mixed elastic and elastoplastic materials;
[0032] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a scheme where a spring is used as an elastic material;
[0033] In the figure, 1-support unit; 2-laser cutting; 3-straight plate; 4-mold; 5-energy absorption unit; 6-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention from the perspective of design, manufacturing process and energy absorption effect with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] A repeatable energy-absorbing structure made of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:
[0036] An energy absorbing unit 5 made of elastic-plastic material;
[0037] The support unit 1 is made of elastic material; the support unit 1 is arranged between the energy absorbing units 5 by filling or embedding, etc., and is used to provide anti-deformation force when the energy absorbing unit 5 absorbs energy, and provide restoring force after the energy absorbing unit 1 absorbs energy.
[0038] In one embodiment, the elastic material of the support unit 1 is a polyurethane material with ideal elasticity.
[0039] In one embodiment, the elastic-plastic material of the energy absorbing unit 5 is Q235 steel.
[0040] like Figure 1 As shown. The elastic-plastic material of the energy-absorbing unit 5 can be in any specific shape, but different shapes will produce different energy-absorbing effects. In one embodiment, the present invention provides an energy-absorbing unit 5 in the form of an arc-shaped corrugated plate. This can be determined by the basic parameters of the arc-shaped corrugated plate: the central angle θ of the arc segment, the radius r of the arc segment, the thickness t of the arc-shaped corrugated plate, and the number n of arc segments. The length L and height H of the arc-shaped corrugated plate can be calculated using the following formula.
[0041]
[0042] The elastic material, in order to fill the elastic-plastic material, needs to be cut into a shape determined by the shape of the elastic-plastic material. The elastic material is formed into a specific shape after laser cutting, and combined with the elastic-plastic material, the elastic material can just cover the arc corrugated plate elastic-plastic material.
[0043] A repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials. Its characteristic feature is that the circular-arc corrugated plate (elastoplastic material) is embedded within the elastic material, and the elastic material just covers the elastoplastic material. The overall dimensions of the composite structure can be defined by length L0, width D0, and height H0, and can be calculated using the following formula. The number of corrugated plates is represented by k.
[0044]
[0045] A repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of a composite of elastic and elastoplastic materials. The elastic material's rebound force allows the compressed elastoplastic material to recover, while minimizing the overall reaction force of the composite structure. The elastoplastic material increases the overall stiffness of the structure, and its elastic-plastic properties increase the area of the hysteresis loop.
[0046] In one embodiment, the radius r of the arc segment of the arc corrugated plate is 32 mm, the central angle θ of the arc segment is 110°, and the upper and lower mirrored arc segments are connected one by one through two end points to form a corrugated plate. Figure 3In the plan view of the corrugated plate, there are 6 arc segments, the total length L of the arc segments is 314 mm, and the total height H is 36 mm. The thickness of the arc corrugated plate is 5 mm. The arc corrugated plate is topologically formed into an overall structure through upper and lower mirroring, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the overall length L0 of the structure is 314 mm, and the total height H0 is 216 mm. The elastic material just covers the elastic-plastic material, and the outer contour of the elastic material just covers all the elastic-plastic material.
[0047] In terms of the manufacturing process: after the specific parameters of the arc corrugated plate are determined, the elastic material is laser cut based on the parameters and position relationship of the arc corrugated plate. At the same time, a straight plate 3 made of Q235 material is molded into an arc corrugated plate through a mold 4. Figure 2 As shown, the elastic material and the arc corrugated plate are combined in pairs and bonded together with a strong glue. The shear strength of the strong glue reaches more than 20MPa to prevent debonding at the interface.
[0048] In terms of the manufacturing process: the energy absorbing unit can be pressed into the supporting unit by molding, such as pressing a stainless steel corrugated plate into a foam material.
[0049] In terms of energy absorption capacity: Figure 4 The stress-strain curves of the reciprocating compression of a structure composed of elastic-elastoplastic materials and a purely elastic material are shown. It can be seen that the loading curve and unloading curve of the purely elastic material overlap, and it cannot absorb energy. However, the hysteresis loop area of the structure composed of elastic-elastoplastic materials and a purely elastic material is larger. The structure composed of a purely elastic material and a Q235 corrugated plate can absorb 60KJ of energy. At the same time, the recovery rate of the structure composed of elastic-elastoplastic materials and a purely elastic material can reach 95%. The presence of the elastic-plastic material does not reduce the recovery rate of the material, but it can absorb a large amount of energy after reciprocating compression.
[0050] Other possible configurations of the present invention:
[0051] In the present invention, the arc corrugated plate is only a topological form of an elastic-plastic material, and the elastic-plastic material can be embedded in the elastic material in any form. Figure 5 Nine topological forms of elastic and elastoplastic materials are shown. Figure 5 (a) shows a composite energy-absorbing structure made of regular hexagonal honeycomb elastic-plastic materials. Figure 5 (b) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of elastic-plastic materials with a corrugated plate translation type. Figure 5 The middle (g) is a composite energy-absorbing structure made of concave hexagonal honeycomb elastic-plastic materials. Figure 5(h) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of brick-type elastic-plastic materials. The formation of these four structures is similar to the elastic-plastic corrugated plate energy-absorbing structure mentioned above. They are all formed by staggered stacking of elastic-plastic corrugated plates and elastic materials to form an integral structure. Figure 6 In display. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the corrugated plates are respectively stacked with wave-shaped elastic material, regular hexagonal block elastic material, square elastic material and concave hexagonal block elastic material. Figure 5 (d) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of rotational chiral integrated elastic-plastic materials. Figure 5 (e) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of chiral integrated elastic-plastic materials. Figure 5 (f) is a composite energy-absorbing structure of an anti-chiral integrated elastic-plastic material. These three structures are first manufactured in an integrated manner to form an overall structure of the elastic-plastic material, which can be made by 3D printing or welding, and then filled with elastic block material. The shape of the elastic block material is consistent with the hole shape of the elastic-plastic material. The process is shown in Figure 7 middle. Figure 5 (i) is a hexagonal honeycomb structure of mixed elastic and elastoplastic materials. Figure 5 (c) is a curved beam structure made of mixed elastic and elastoplastic materials. Figure 8 As shown, these two structures are made of corrugated plates made of mixed elastic materials and elastic-plastic materials, and the overall structure is formed by replication and mirroring. Among them, the elastic material can also be replaced by a spring. Figure 9 This article provides an example of a spring 6 replacing an elastic block material. Other similar structures in which elastic-plastic materials are embedded within elastic materials, or in which elastic and elastic-plastic materials are combined, are all within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, the materials used herein are polyurethane elastic materials and steel elastic-plastic materials. The scope of elastic and elastic-plastic materials is broad; any material falling within these categories is included within the scope of applicable materials in this article.
[0052] The above is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Any simple modification or replacement without departing from the principle and basic features of the present invention falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A repeatable energy-absorbing structure composed of an elastic material and an elastoplastic material, characterized in that: include: Energy absorbing unit made of elastic-plastic material; A support unit made of elastic material; The support unit is arranged between the energy absorbing units, and is used to provide an anti-deformation force when the energy absorbing units absorb energy, and is used to provide a restoring force after the energy absorbing units absorb energy; The energy absorbing unit is an arc corrugated plate; The arc corrugated plate is formed by connecting the upper and lower mirrored arc segments one by one through two end points; The basic parameters of the arc corrugated plate include the arc segment center angle θ, the arc segment radius r, the number of arc segments n, the arc corrugated plate length L and the arc corrugated plate height H. The relationship between the basic parameters is: The two adjacent arc corrugated plates are topologically formed into an integral structure through upper and lower mirroring.
2. The repeatable energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic material constituting the supporting unit is rubber or polyurethane.
3. The repeatable energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting unit is a spring.
4. The repeatable energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic-plastic material constituting the energy absorbing unit is a metal material or plastic.
5. The repeatable energy absorbing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metal material is steel, aluminum or copper.
Citation Information
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