A highly adjustable active-passive combined magneto-rheological damper

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of dampers and discloses a highly-adjustable active-passive combined magneto-rheological damper, which comprises a working cylinder, a left end cover and a right end cover arranged at two ends of the working cylinder respectively, a hollow piston rod arranged in the working cylinder, a piston arranged on the hollow piston rod, a floating piston arranged in the working cylinder and located between the left end cover and the piston, a left cavity filled with magneto-rheological liquid between the floating piston and the piston, a right cavity filled with magneto-rheological liquid between the right end cover and the piston, magneto-rheological liquid capable of flowing between the left cavity and the right cavity, the piston capable of generating a magnetic field to act on the magneto-rheological liquid to generate a damping effect, and a movable coil arranged outside the working cylinder, which can change the active magnetic field generating position by adjusting the coil position, thereby improving the damping performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dampers, and in particular to a height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper. Background Art

[0002] As automobiles continue to upgrade and become increasingly intelligent, height-adjustable and damping-adjustable shock absorbers are becoming increasingly common. Height-adjustable damping adjusts suspension stiffness based on driver preference and road conditions, reducing vehicle bumps and providing a more comfortable driving experience, especially on long journeys. Adjustable damping automatically adjusts to real-time road conditions and driving needs, making the vehicle's vibration reduction more flexible and intelligent. Magnetorheological dampers, as a type of damping-adjustable damping system, offer rapid response, effectively reducing vehicle bumps on bumpy roads and enhancing driving comfort.

[0003] Therefore, a highly adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper is proposed, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of height adjustability and damping adjustability. This technology has broad application prospects in the fields of renewable energy, intelligent structures and vibration control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides a height-adjustable active / passive combined magnetorheological damper. Changing the position of the movable coil adjusts the vehicle body height, while varying the input current to the movable coil modulates the magnetic field strength and, consequently, the damping effect. Permanent magnets generate magnetic fields without requiring external energy input, improving energy utilization, enhancing damper safety, and generating greater economic benefits.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper comprises a working cylinder and a left end cover and a right end cover respectively arranged at both ends of the working cylinder; a hollow piston rod is provided in the working cylinder, a piston is provided on the hollow piston rod, a floating piston is provided in the working cylinder between the left end cover and the piston, the area between the floating piston and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and is recorded as a left chamber, and the area between the right end cover and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid and is recorded as a right chamber; the magnetorheological fluid can flow between the left chamber and the right chamber, and the piston can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid to produce a damping effect; a movable coil is provided on the outside of the working cylinder, and the position of the active magnetic field is changed by adjusting the position of the coil to improve the vibration reduction performance.

[0007] Furthermore, the piston includes permanent magnet I, permanent magnet II and permanent magnet III, and the permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III are located on both sides of permanent magnet II, and a cross-shaped flow channel is formed between permanent magnet I, permanent magnet II and permanent magnet III. The magnetic field direction of permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III is radial, and the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet II is axial.

[0008] Furthermore, there are three movable coils, including movable coil III, movable coil II, and movable coil I, which are sequentially arranged outside the working cylinder; and a spring seat is provided on the movable coil I, which is connected to the spring, so that the position of the movable coil I can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the vehicle body height.

[0009] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided in the working cylinder between the piston and the right end cover, so that the magnetorheological fluid can only flow from the right chamber to the left chamber, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

[0010] Furthermore, a liquid flow channel is provided in the hollow piston rod, one side opening of the liquid flow channel is located at the left end face of the hollow piston rod, and the other side opening is located to the right of the one-way valve, which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid to pass through.

[0011] Furthermore, the area between the floating piston and the left end cover is filled with nitrogen, which can solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod entering and exiting the working cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, an O-ring I is provided between the right end cover and the working cylinder, an O-ring II is provided between the right end cover and the hollow piston rod, an O-ring III is provided between the one-way valve and the working cylinder, an O-ring IV is provided between the floating piston and the working cylinder, and an O-ring V is provided between the left end cover and the working cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the permanent magnet I has the same structure as the permanent magnet III, including a disc-shaped body, a through hole is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body, a group of concave cavities are provided along the circumferential direction on the side of the disc-shaped body, and a flow hole is provided on the side of the concave cavity close to the center of the disc-shaped body.

[0014] Furthermore, the permanent magnet II includes a second disc-shaped body, a second through-hole is provided at the center of the second disc-shaped body, a group of second concave cavities are provided along the circumferential direction on the side of the second disc-shaped body, and a second through-flow hole is provided in the second concave cavity on the side away from the center of the second disc-shaped body.

[0015] Furthermore, the working cylinder is provided with an external thread on the outside for installing the movable coil.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the permanent magnet can generate a magnetic field without inputting external energy, thereby improving energy utilization; the three groups of permanent magnets are composed of two groups of radial magnetic fields and one group of axial magnetic fields, which can effectively increase the working length of the piston fluid channel; the movable coil is located outside the working cylinder, and the two are threadedly connected, and the position can be adjusted to improve heat dissipation, and the input current can be changed to adjust the damping effect; one group of external coils is fixed to the spring disk, and a spring is placed on the spring disk, and the vehicle body height can be adjusted while adjusting the damping action position; a fluid channel is provided in the hollow piston rod, which can make the magnetorheological fluid pass through while being lightweight; the one-way valve ensures that the magnetorheological fluid can only flow from right to left, that is, it is open during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic assembly diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a simplified assembly diagram of the present invention after height adjustment;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the Chinese-shaped flow channel;

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet I and permanent magnet III;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet II;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow direction during the compression process;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the flow direction during the restoration process;

[0024] In the figure: 1-left lifting ring, 2-left end cover, 3-working cylinder, 4-movable coil III, 5-movable coil II, 6-movable coil I, 7-spring, 8-hollow piston rod, 9-right end cover, 10-right lifting ring, 11-O-type sealing ring I, 12-O-type sealing ring II, 13-magnetorheological fluid, 14-O-type sealing ring III, 15-check valve, 16-permanent magnet I, 17-permanent magnet II, 18-permanent magnet III, 19-floating piston, 20-O-type sealing ring IV, 21-nitrogen, 22-O-type sealing ring V, 23-disc-shaped body one, 24-through hole one, 25-concave chamber one, 26-flow hole one, 27-disc-shaped body two, 28-through hole two, 29-concave chamber two, 30-flow hole two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the drawings shown, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application. Figure 1

[0027] As shown in the drawings, a height-adjustable active-passive combined magneto-rheological damper includes a left lifting ring 1, a left end cover 2, a working cylinder 3, a movable coil III 4, a movable coil II 5, a movable coil I 6, a spring 7, a hollow piston rod 8, a right end cover 9, a right lifting ring 10, a magneto-rheological fluid 13, a one-way valve 15, a permanent magnet I 16, a permanent magnet II 17, a permanent magnet III 18, and a floating piston 19. Figures 1 to 7 The left and right ends of the damper working cylinder 3 are respectively connected with the left end cover 2 and the right end cover 9, and the left end of the left end cover 2 is connected with the left lifting ring 1. The hollow piston rod 8 is arranged in the working cylinder 3, and the left end of the hollow piston rod 8 is provided with a piston, and the right end of the hollow piston rod 8 penetrates through the right end cover 9 and extends out of the working cylinder 3.

[0028] A floating piston 19 is arranged in the working cylinder 3 between the left end cover 2 and the piston, and the floating piston is arranged inside the working cylinder and divides it into two parts: a gas chamber filled with high-pressure nitrogen and a liquid chamber filled with magneto-rheological fluid. The floating piston is usually provided with a large-section O-shaped sealing ring or other sealing elements to ensure that the magneto-rheological fluid and the high-pressure nitrogen in the gas chamber do not mix, while allowing the floating piston to move freely. The volume of the working cylinder will change due to the in-out of the shock absorber piston rod, and at this time the high-pressure nitrogen in the gas chamber will compensate for the volume change value of the working cylinder by pushing the floating piston to move up and down. When the shock absorber is compressed, the magneto-rheological fluid in the working chamber will push the floating piston to move to the left, thereby compressing the nitrogen in the gas chamber; when the shock absorber rebounds, the compressed nitrogen will push the floating piston to move to the right, helping the magneto-rheological fluid to flow back. The area between the floating piston 19 and the piston is filled with magneto-rheological fluid 13, which is referred to as the left chamber; the area between the right end cover 9 and the piston is filled with magneto-rheological fluid 13, which is referred to as the right chamber; and the magneto-rheological fluid 13 flows between the left chamber and the right chamber.

[0029] In this embodiment, the piston is composed of a permanent magnet I 16, a permanent magnet II 17, and a permanent magnet III 18, which can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magneto-rheological fluid 13 to produce a damping effect.

[0030]

[0031] ​​Permanent magnet I16 and permanent magnet III18 are located on both sides of permanent magnet II17, wherein the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet I16 and permanent magnet III18 is radial, and the magnetic field direction of permanent magnet II17 is axial. The four sections of the "J"-shaped flow channel are all effective lengths, which can effectively increase the working length of the flow channel.

[0032] Specifically, permanent magnet I16 has the same structure as permanent magnet III18, including a disc-shaped body 23, a through hole 24 is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body 23, a group of concave chambers 25 are provided on one side of the disc-shaped body 23 along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole 26 is provided in the concave chamber 25 on the side close to the center of the disc-shaped body 26; permanent magnet II17 includes a disc-shaped body 27, a through hole 28 is provided at the center of the disc-shaped body 27, a group of concave chambers 29 are provided on both sides of the disc-shaped body 27 along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole 30 is provided in the concave chamber 29 on the side away from the center of the disc-shaped body 27.

[0033] The positions and numbers of the concave chamber 1 25 and the concave chamber 2 29 correspond one to one, thereby forming a "X"-shaped flow channel between the permanent magnets I 16 , II 17 , and III 18 .

[0034] In this embodiment: the outside of the working cylinder 3 is provided with a thread, which is connected to the movable coil III4, the movable coil II5, and the movable coil I6. The active magnetic field generating position can be changed by adjusting the coil position to improve the vibration reduction performance; the right end of the movable coil I6 is provided with a spring seat, which is connected to the spring 7. The position of the movable coil I6 can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the vehicle body height.

[0035] In this embodiment, a one-way valve 15 is provided in the working cylinder 3 between the piston and the right end cover 9. The one-way valve 15 ensures that the magnetorheological fluid 13 can only flow from right to left, that is, it is open during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

[0036] In this embodiment, a liquid flow channel is provided in the hollow piston rod 8 , one opening of which is located at the left end face of the hollow piston rod 8 , and the other opening is located to the right of the one-way valve 15 , which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid 13 to pass through.

[0037] In this embodiment, nitrogen 21 is provided on the left side of the floating piston 19 to solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod 8 entering and exiting the working cylinder 3.

[0038] In this embodiment: an O-ring I11 is provided between the right end cover 9 and the working cylinder 3, an O-ring II12 is provided between the right end cover 9 and the hollow piston rod 8, an O-ring III14 is provided between the one-way valve 15 and the working cylinder 3, an O-ring IV20 is provided between the floating piston 19 and the working cylinder 3, and an O-ring V22 is provided between the left end cover 2 and the working cylinder 3. The above-mentioned O-ring I11, O-ring II12, O-ring III14, O-ring IV20, and O-ring V22 can effectively improve the sealing performance and ensure the normal operation of the shock absorber.

[0039] Working principle:

[0040] As a new type of intelligent material, magnetorheological fluid can change from a viscous liquid state to a semi-solid state within a few milliseconds under the action of a magnetic field, and has a certain magnetically controlled variable yield stress. When the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid can quickly change from a solid-like state to a Newtonian fluid state. This conversion process is reversible and continuous. The magnetorheological shock absorber is based on the controllable characteristics of magnetorheological fluid. When it is stimulated by uneven road surface, its piston reciprocates in and out of the working cylinder and during this movement, (the inflow is called the compression process and the outflow is called the recovery process. The relevant magnetorheological fluid flow direction is as follows Figure 6 、 7 (As shown) The magnetorheological fluid passes through the damping channel assembled in the piston, and under the action of the magnetic field, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid changes significantly, thereby causing a pressure difference in the fluid flow, and thus generating a damping force proportional to the controllable magnetic field.

[0041] There are two ways to generate a magnetic field: connecting a coil to an external power source and varying the current to change the magnetic field. This method is called active because it requires external energy input. Another method uses permanent magnets, which have their own magnetic field and do not require real-time external energy input, and is therefore called passive. Combining these two methods can significantly improve performance and safety while reducing energy consumption.

[0042] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0043] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper, comprising a working cylinder (3) and a left end cover (2) and a right end cover (9) respectively arranged at both ends of the working cylinder (3); characterized in that: A hollow piston rod (8) is provided in the working cylinder (3), and a piston is provided on the hollow piston rod (8). A floating piston (19) is provided in the working cylinder (3) between the left end cover (2) and the piston. The area between the floating piston (19) and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid (13) and is recorded as the left chamber. The area between the right end cover (9) and the piston is filled with magnetorheological fluid (13) and is recorded as the right chamber. The magnetorheological fluid (13) can flow between the left chamber and the right chamber, and the piston can passively generate a magnetic field to act on the magnetorheological fluid (13) to produce a damping effect. A movable coil is provided on the outside of the working cylinder (3). The position of the active magnetic field is changed by adjusting the position of the movable coil to improve the vibration reduction performance. The piston includes a permanent magnet I (16), a permanent magnet II (17) and a permanent magnet III (18), wherein the permanent magnet I (16) and the permanent magnet III (18) are located on both sides of the permanent magnet II (17), and a "J"-shaped flow channel is formed between the permanent magnet I (16), the permanent magnet II (17) and the permanent magnet III (18), wherein the magnetic field directions of the permanent magnet I (16) and the permanent magnet III (18) are radial, and the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet II (17) is axial; The permanent magnet I (16) has the same structure as the permanent magnet III (18), comprising a disc-shaped body (23), a through hole (24) being provided at the center of the disc-shaped body (23), a group of concave chambers (25) being provided on the side of the disc-shaped body (23) along the circumferential direction, and a flow hole (26) being provided in the concave chamber (25) on one side close to the center of the disc-shaped body (23); The permanent magnet II (17) includes a second disc-shaped body (27), a second through hole (28) is provided at the center of the second disc-shaped body (27), a group of second concave chambers (29) are provided on the side of the second disc-shaped body (27) along the circumferential direction, and a second through hole (30) is provided in the second concave chamber (29) on a side away from the center of the second disc-shaped body (27), and the second concave chamber (29) corresponds to the first concave chamber (25) one by one.

2. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable coils are provided with three, including a movable coil III (4), a movable coil II (5), and a movable coil I (6) which are sequentially arranged outside the working cylinder (3); and a spring seat is provided on the movable coil I (6), which is connected to the spring (7), so that the position of the movable coil I (6) can be adjusted to achieve the function of adjusting the vehicle body height.

3. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A one-way valve (15) is provided in the working cylinder (3) between the piston and the right end cover (9), and the magnetorheological fluid (13) can only flow from the right chamber to the left chamber, that is, it is opened during the compression process and closed during the recovery process, thereby increasing the recovery damping force and improving the shock absorber performance.

4. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: A liquid flow channel is provided in the hollow piston rod (8), one side opening of the liquid flow channel is located at the left end face of the hollow piston rod (8), and the other side opening is located to the right of the one-way valve (15), which can effectively reduce the weight while allowing the magnetorheological fluid (13) to pass through.

5. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area between the floating piston (19) and the left end cover (2) is filled with nitrogen (21), which can solve the volume compensation problem caused by the hollow piston rod (8) entering and exiting the working cylinder (3).

6. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: An O-ring I (11) is provided between the right end cover (9) and the working cylinder (3), an O-ring II (12) is provided between the right end cover (9) and the hollow piston rod (8), an O-ring III (14) is provided between the one-way valve (15) and the working cylinder (3), an O-ring IV (20) is provided between the floating piston (19) and the working cylinder (3), and an O-ring V (22) is provided between the left end cover (2) and the working cylinder (3).

7. The height-adjustable active-passive combined magnetorheological damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working cylinder (3) is provided with an external thread on the outside for mounting the movable coil.

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