Transmission switching system and base station antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmission switching system and a base station antenna, and the system comprises a housing, a switching driving device, a plurality of switching mechanisms, and a plurality of output racks. The output rack can reciprocate in the width direction of the shell. One end of the output rack is used for being connected with a phase shifter pull rod. Each switching mechanism comprises a switching wheel and an output shaft which can be meshed with each other, and the output shaft can also be meshed with the corresponding output rack; the switching driving device comprises at least one driving gear, a first input wheel and a second input wheel; the switching driving device can drive one of the driving gears to be meshed with one of the switching wheels by rotating the first input wheel, and can also drive the switching wheels meshed with the driving gears to rotate by rotating the second input wheel, so that the corresponding output racks are driven to move under the action of the output shaft. The occupied space in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, and more space is saved for the electrical structure design of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a transmission switching system and a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, large-scale array products that integrate RF and antenna functions have become the mainstream form of base station wireless equipment. In terms of technology, the development of communication standards has prompted the transformation of base station antennas from single beam to multi-beam, from small arrays to large arrays, and from single frequency band to multi-frequency band. This requires antennas to pay more attention to the miniaturization and lightweight of products to adapt to new technologies, new forms and new demands. At the same time, the design of base station antennas needs to pay more attention to green and low-carbon.

[0003] At present, mainstream products of base station antennas all consider green design. Usually, phase shifter components consider using short cable solutions, which makes the phase shifter adjust the position smaller in the antenna length direction, usually closer to the transmission direction. This puts forward new requirements for the integrated miniaturization design of the transmission.

[0004] The transmission system currently used in the antenna industry usually uses a screw slider transmission method. The following two common solutions are available:

[0005] Option 1: If Fig. 9 As shown, it is composed of an input motor 01, a front screw support 021, a rear screw support 022, a screw 02, a slider 03, a transmission rod 04 and a rod support 041; the number of output shafts of the input motor 01 is consistent with the number of screws 02, and the transmission rod 04 is fixed to the slider 03. When the output shaft in the input motor 01 rotates, it can drive the screw 02 to rotate synchronously, and drive the slider 03 and the transmission rod 04 to reciprocate together.

[0006] Option 2: If Fig.10 As shown, it is composed of an input motor 01, a switching module 05, a front screw support 021, a rear screw support 022, a screw 02, a slider 03, a transmission rod 04, and a rod support 041; the input motor 01 is fixed with two output shafts, and the number of screws 02 can be greater than 2. One output shaft in the input motor 01 is responsible for controlling the rotation of the screw 02, and the other output shaft switches the screw 02 through the switching module 05. The transmission rod 04 is fixed to the slider 03. When one output shaft in the input motor 01 rotates, it can drive the screw 02 to rotate synchronously, and drive the slider 03 and the transmission rod 04 to reciprocate together.

[0007] However, the above solution 1 has the following disadvantages:

[0008] (1) In the current application scenarios of multi-band antennas, the number of screws increases accordingly, and the number of motor output shafts increases synchronously, resulting in a larger width of the input motor, which affects the antenna structure layout. At the same time, the increase in the number of motor output shafts also means an increase in cost;

[0009] (2) The screw part is affected by the phase shifter stroke. The screw length cannot be less than the phase shifter stroke. It occupies a large space in the antenna length direction, affecting the antenna structure layout.

[0010] The above solution 2 has the following disadvantages:

[0011] (1) The screw part is affected by the phase shifter stroke. The screw length cannot be less than the phase shifter stroke, which occupies a large space in the antenna length direction. Due to the existence of the switching module in the structure, the overall transmission component length is longer than that of Scheme 1, which further affects the antenna structure layout;

[0012] (2) The switching purpose is achieved through a combination of gears or screws, which usually takes a long time and increases the debugging time.

[0013] (3) During the debugging of the semi-finished product, the motor working condition was not installed, and the screw could not be manually adjusted after the switching module was installed. Summary of the invention

[0014] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transmission switching system and a base station antenna, which greatly reduce the space occupied in the length direction of the antenna, thereby saving more space for the electrical structure design of the antenna.

[0015] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0016] The present invention provides a transmission switching system, comprising a housing, a switching drive device, multiple groups of switching mechanisms and multiple output racks arranged side by side; the output rack is inserted into the housing, the two ends of the output rack extend out of the housing, and the output rack can reciprocate along the width direction of the housing, and one end of the output rack is used to connect the phase shifter pull rod; each group of switching mechanisms comprises a switching wheel and an output shaft that can mesh with each other, and the output shaft can also mesh with the corresponding output rack; the switching drive device comprises at least one driving gear arranged in the housing, and a first input wheel and a second input wheel arranged outside the housing and located on the same side, and one end of the first input wheel and the output rack are respectively located on both sides of the width direction of the housing; the switching drive device can drive one of the driving gears to mesh with one of the switching wheels by rotating the first input wheel, and can also drive the switching wheel meshed with the driving gear to rotate by rotating the second input wheel, thereby driving the corresponding output rack to move through the action of the output shaft.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the switching drive device also includes: a transmission shaft, which is rotatably disposed in the outer shell, and the driving gear can be circumferentially fixed and axially slidably sleeved on the transmission shaft; a first transmission mechanism, which is disposed in the outer shell, and the first input wheel can drive the driving gear to move along the transmission shaft through the first transmission mechanism; a second transmission mechanism, which is disposed in the outer shell, and the second input wheel can drive the transmission shaft to rotate through the second transmission mechanism to drive the driving gear to rotate.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first transmission mechanism includes a speed change wheel and a switching rack, the switching wheels are coaxially arranged, the axial direction of the switching wheel, the axial direction of the transmission shaft and the length direction of the switching rack are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the outer shell, the axial direction of the first input wheel, the axial direction of the speed change wheel and the length direction of the output rack are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the switching wheel; a first gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the first input wheel extending into the outer shell, the speed change wheel includes a first speed change gear and a second speed change gear coaxially fixed, the first gear can mesh with the first speed change gear, and the second speed change gear can mesh with the switching rack; at least one moving seat is axially movable on the transmission shaft, the moving seat is fixed to the switching rack, and the driving gear is rotatably arranged in the corresponding moving seat and is axially fixed to the moving seat.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second transmission mechanism includes a power conversion gear, which is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft; the end of the second input wheel extending into the housing is coaxially fixed with a second gear, which can mesh with the power conversion gear.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the transmission shaft is polygonal and can be rotatably mounted on corresponding supports in the outer shell through multiple sleeves; the inner hole shape of the sleeve, the inner hole shape of the driving gear and the inner hole shape of the power conversion gear all match the outer surface shape of the transmission shaft, wherein two sleeves are located at both ends of the power conversion gear and can axially limit the power conversion gear.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gear, the first speed change gear and the second speed change gear are all cylindrical spur gears, and the second gear and the power conversion gear are all helical gears.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of driving gears and the number of movable seats are both two, and the two movable seats are respectively fixed to the two ends of the switching rack; two groups of switching wheel groups are spaced apart along the length direction of the outer shell, and each group of switching wheel groups includes a plurality of switching wheels arranged axially adjacent to each other.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the switching wheel includes a first switching gear and a second switching gear coaxially fixedly connected, an output gear and a threaded convex ring are coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft, the driving gear can engage with the first switching gear, the second switching gear can engage with the output gear, the outer surface of the threaded convex ring has an external thread and can engage with the output rack, and the thread pitch of the external thread of the threaded convex ring is equal to the tooth pitch of the output rack.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving gear and the first switching gear are both cylindrical spur gears, and the second switching gear and the output gear are both helical gears.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the output rack includes a plurality of tooth plates arranged in parallel and at intervals along the length direction thereof, and the surfaces of the tooth plates are perpendicular to the length direction of the output rack.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a tooling hole is provided at one end of the output shaft and is exposed from the housing. The tooling hole is used for inserting an adjusting tool, and the adjusting tool can drive the output shaft to rotate.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the switching drive device has a switching drive state and a manual adjustment state. When the switching drive device is in the switching drive state, one of the driving gears can only engage with one of the switching wheels; when the switching drive device is in the manual adjustment state, the driving gear can disengage from multiple switching wheels.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guide rail is provided at the bottom of the shell along its length direction, a guide groove is formed at the bottom of the switching rack along its length direction, and the guide rail can be relatively slidably inserted in the guide groove; a slot is opened on the top surface of the switching rack along its length direction, and a plurality of plug-in plates are provided at the top of the shell along its length direction, and the plug-in plates can be relatively slidably inserted in the slots.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a scale is installed at the other end of the output rack.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission switching system further comprises a driving motor having two output shafts, and the driving motor can be connected to the first input wheel and the second input wheel respectively.

[0031] The present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising the above-mentioned transmission switching system.

[0032] As described above, the transmission switching system and base station antenna of the present invention no longer use the screw slider structure in the traditional transmission, but instead, an output rack is inserted into the outer shell, and one end of the output rack can be directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod. During use, the output rack can reciprocate along the width direction of the outer shell; the length of the fixed screw part of the existing conventional transmission system located outside the shell is eliminated. In this embodiment, the output rack does not need to be supported and installed on the antenna base plate. Even if the stroke of the phase shifter becomes longer and the length of the output rack increases, the space occupied on the antenna base plate will not increase. The space occupied in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, saving more space for the antenna electrical structure design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0034] in:

[0035] Figure 1 : A schematic structural diagram of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention Figure 1 .

[0038] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention Figure 2 .

[0039] Figure 5 :for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of .

[0040] Figure 6 : A partial enlarged view of the interior of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 : A side view schematic diagram of the transmission switching system provided by the present invention at the switching rack.

[0042] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the top cover and the output rack provided by the present invention.

[0043] Fig. 9 : A schematic structural diagram of scheme 1 in the prior art.

[0044] Fig.10 : It is a structural diagram of scheme 2 in the prior art.

[0045] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0046] Existing technology:

[0047] 01. Input motor; 02. Screw; 021. Front screw support; 022. Rear screw support; 03. Slider; 04. Transmission rod; 041. Rod support; 05. Switching module.

[0048] The present invention:

[0049] 100. Switching drive device;

[0050] 1. First input wheel; 11. First gear;

[0051] 2. Speed ​​change wheel; 21. First speed change gear; 22. Second speed change gear;

[0052] 3. Switch rack; 31. Slot;

[0053] 4. Mobile seat

[0054] 5. Driving gear;

[0055] 6. Transmission shaft; 61. Bushing;

[0056] 7. Second input wheel; 71. Second gear;

[0057] 8. Power conversion gear;

[0058] 200, switching wheel; 201, first switching gear; 202, second switching gear;

[0059] 300, output shaft; 301, output gear; 302, threaded convex ring; 303, tooling hole;

[0060] 400, output rack;

[0061] 500, housing; 501, top cover; 5011, guide hole; 5012, plug board; 502, base; 5021, guide rail;

[0062] 600. Driving motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, the present application provides a transmission switching system, including a housing 500, a switching drive device 100, a plurality of switching mechanisms, and a plurality of output racks 400 arranged side by side; the output rack 400 is inserted into the housing 500, and both ends of the output rack 400 extend out of the housing 500, and the output rack 400 can reciprocate along the width direction of the housing 500, and one end of the output rack 400 is used to connect the phase shifter pull rod;

[0065] Each switching mechanism includes a switching wheel 200 and an output shaft 300 that can mesh with each other, and the output shaft 300 can also mesh with the corresponding output rack 400; the switching drive device 100 includes at least one driving gear 5 arranged in the housing 500, and a first input wheel 1 and a second input wheel 7 arranged outside the housing 500 and located on the same side, and one end of the first input wheel 1 and the output rack 400 are respectively located on both sides of the width direction of the housing 500; the switching drive device 100 can rotate the first input wheel 1 to drive one of the driving gears 5 to mesh with one of the switching wheels 200, and can also rotate the second input wheel 7 to drive the switching wheel 200 meshing with the driving gear 5 to rotate, thereby driving the corresponding output rack 400 to move through the action of the output shaft 300.

[0066] The system generally further includes a drive motor 600, which is disposed on one side of the housing 500 in the width direction. The drive motor 600 has two output shafts 300, and can be connected to the first input wheel 1 and the second input wheel 7 respectively. When in use, one of the output shafts 300 of the drive motor 600 drives the first input wheel 1 to rotate, which can drive one of the drive gears 5 to engage with one of the switching wheels 200 (if there are more than one drive gears 5, only one drive gear 5 is engaged with one of the switching wheels 200 at this time) to achieve switching. Afterwards, the other output shaft 300 of the drive motor 600 drives the second input wheel 7 to rotate, drives the switching wheel 200 engaged with the drive gear 5 to rotate, and the switching wheel 200 drives the transmission shaft 6 engaged therewith to rotate, thereby driving the output rack 400 engaged with the transmission shaft 6 to move.

[0067] Compared with the prior art (refer to the second solution in the above-mentioned background technology), in which the transmission screw is fixed outside the switching module, the transmission screw also needs to be supported and installed on the antenna base plate by a screw support, which occupies a large space; the transmission switching system in this embodiment no longer uses the screw slider structure in the traditional transmission, but instead passes the output rack 400 through the shell 500. One end of the output rack 400 can be directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod. During use, the output rack 400 can reciprocate along the width direction of the shell 500; the length of the fixed screw part of the existing conventional transmission system located outside the shell is eliminated. In this embodiment, the output rack 400 does not need to be supported and installed on the antenna base plate. Even if the stroke of the phase shifter becomes longer and the length of the output rack 400 increases, the space occupied on the antenna base plate will not increase. The space occupied in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, saving more space for the antenna electrical structure design.

[0068] In the specific implementation, refer to Figures 2 to 6 , the switching drive device 100 further includes:

[0069] The transmission shaft 6 is rotatably disposed in the housing 500, and the driving gear 5 is circumferentially fixed and axially slidably sleeved on the transmission shaft 6;

[0070] A first transmission mechanism is disposed in the housing 500. The first input wheel 1 can drive the driving gear 5 to move along the transmission shaft 6 through the first transmission mechanism, so as to drive the driving gear 5 to mesh with one of the switching wheels 200.

[0071] The second transmission mechanism is disposed in the housing 500 . The second input wheel 7 can drive the transmission shaft 6 to rotate through the second transmission mechanism to drive the driving gear 5 to rotate, thereby driving the switching wheel 200 meshing with the driving gear 5 to rotate.

[0072] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The first transmission mechanism includes a speed change wheel 2 and a switching rack 3. Each switching wheel 200 is coaxially arranged. The axial direction of the switching wheel 200, the axial direction of the transmission shaft 6 and the length direction of the switching rack 3 are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the housing 500. The axial direction of the first input wheel 1, the axial direction of the speed change wheel 2 and the length direction of the output rack 400 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the switching wheel 200, that is, the axial direction of the output rack 400 is parallel to the width direction of the housing 500; the above-mentioned transmission shaft 6 is located between the switching rack 3 and the switching wheel 200.

[0073] A first gear 11 is coaxially fixed to the end of the first input wheel 1 extending into the housing 500, and the speed change wheel 2 includes a first speed change gear 21 and a second speed change gear 22 that are coaxially fixed. The first gear 11 can mesh with the first speed change gear 21, and the second speed change gear 22 can mesh with the switching rack 3. At least one moving seat 4 is axially movable on the transmission shaft 6, and the moving seat 4 is fixed to the switching rack 3. The driving gear 5 is rotatably arranged in the corresponding moving seat 4 and is axially fixed to the moving seat 4.

[0074] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The second transmission mechanism includes a power conversion gear 8, which is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft 6; the end of the second input wheel 7 extending into the housing 500 is coaxially fixed with a second gear 71, and the second gear 71 can mesh with the power conversion gear 8.

[0075] In order to facilitate the synchronous rotation of the power conversion gear 8 and the driving gear 5, the cross section of the transmission shaft 6 is polygonal, and is rotatably mounted on the corresponding support in the housing 500 through a plurality of sleeves 61; the inner hole shape of the sleeve 61, the inner hole shape of the driving gear 5 and the inner hole shape of the power conversion gear 8 all match the outer surface shape of the transmission shaft 6, wherein two sleeves 61 are located at both ends of the power conversion gear 8 and can axially limit the power conversion gear 8. The cross section of the transmission shaft 6 can be, for example, a regular hexagon, and the outer surface of the sleeve 61 is a cylindrical surface, so that the transmission shaft 6 can rotate relative to the housing 500.

[0076] The number of the driving gears 5 is the same as the number of the moving seats 4, generally one or two. In this embodiment, the number of the driving gears 5 is preferably two, and the two moving seats 4 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the switching rack 3; two groups of switching wheel groups are arranged in the housing 500 along its length direction, each group of switching wheel groups includes a plurality of switching wheels 200 arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the first switching gear 201 in each switching wheel 200 is arranged close to the interval between the two groups of switching wheel groups.

[0077] Further, see Figure 4 and Figure 6 The switching wheel 200 includes a first switching gear 201 and a second switching gear 202 which are coaxially fixed. The output shaft 300 is coaxially fixed with an output gear 301 and a threaded convex ring 302. The driving gear 5 can mesh with the first switching gear 201, and the second switching gear 202 can mesh with the output gear 301. The outer surface of the threaded convex ring 302 has an external thread and can mesh with the output rack 400. The thread pitch of the external thread of the threaded convex ring 302 is equal to the tooth pitch of the output rack 400.

[0078] Generally, the first gear 11, the first speed change gear 21 and the second speed change gear 22 are all cylindrical spur gears, the second gear 71 and the power conversion gear 8 are all helical gears, and the helical angle of the helical gears is preferably 45°. The driving gear 5 and the first switching gear 201 are all cylindrical spur gears, the second switching gear 202 and the output gear 301 are all helical gears, and the helical angle of the helical gears is preferably 45°.

[0079] The number of the above-mentioned switching wheels 200, the number of transmission shafts 6 and the number of output racks 400 are the same; generally, the pitch circle diameter of the first speed gear 21 is larger than the pitch circle diameter of the second speed gear 22, and the pitch circle diameter of the first switching gear 201 is larger than the pitch circle diameter of the second switching gear 202.

[0080] When in use, the operating principle of the transmission switching system is as follows:

[0081] The first gear 11 at the end of the first input wheel 1 meshes with the larger gear plate (i.e., the first speed gear 21) in the speed wheel 2, and the switching rack 3 meshes with the smaller gear plate (i.e., the second speed gear 22) in the speed wheel 2. The function of the speed wheel 2 is to reduce the transmission ratio so that the movement stroke of the switching rack 3 is not too large for each rotation of the first gear 11. By controlling the first input wheel 1 to perform forward and reverse motion, the switching rack 3 can be controlled to reciprocate along the lateral track (i.e., the length direction of the housing 500). The switching rack 3 can drive the driving gear 5 to reciprocate along the transmission shaft 6 through the moving seat 4.

[0082] The second gear 71 at the end of the second input wheel 7 and the power conversion gear 8 are both helical gears, and the helical angle of the two is 45°. When the switching rack 3 moves to the point where the driving gear 5 is engaged with the first switching gear 201 of the designated switching wheel 200, the second input wheel 7 rotates, and its second gear 71 drives the power conversion gear 8 to rotate. The power conversion gear 8 and the driving gear 5 are installed on the hexagonal shaft (i.e., the transmission shaft 6) and can rotate synchronously. A shaft sleeve 61 is installed on the hexagonal shaft and installed in the housing 500 to realize the rotation of the hexagonal shaft. When the driving gear 5 rotates, it can drive the first switching gear 201 of the switching wheel 200 to rotate, and the second switching gear 202 rotates synchronously. Each switching wheel 200 is installed at a designated position in the base 502 of the housing 500 and is coaxial.

[0083] The rotation of the second switching gear 202 can drive the output shaft 300 to rotate. For every rotation of the output shaft 300, the output rack 400 moves one pitch. The pitch of the external thread of the threaded protruding ring 302 on the output shaft 300 is consistent with the pitch of the output rack 400. The thread normal angle of the threaded protruding ring 302 on the output shaft 300 is parallel to the rack normal angle of the output rack 400. The output rack 400 includes a plurality of teeth arranged in parallel and spaced along its length direction. The surface of the teeth is perpendicular to the length direction of the output rack 400. The movement direction of the output rack 400 is almost perpendicular to the plane of its teeth, so that the mechanism has a self-locking function. The output shaft 300 can drive the output rack 400, but pulling the output rack 400 cannot drive the output shaft 300, which can prevent the output rack 400 from being easily pulled under the action of external force.

[0084] Further, see Figure 6 , a tool hole 303 is provided at one end of the output shaft 300 and is exposed from the housing 500. The tool hole 303 is used to insert an adjustment tool, which can drive the output shaft 300 to rotate, thereby quickly adjusting the output rack 400. The tool hole 303 should be a non-circular hole. After the adjustment tool is inserted into the tool hole 303, it can be circumferentially fixed to the output shaft 300 to drive the output shaft 300 to rotate directly. A corresponding through hole is opened on the housing 500 so that the end of the output shaft 300 is exposed.

[0085] The switching drive device 100 has a switching drive state and a manual adjustment state. When the switching drive device 100 is in the switching drive state, one of the driving gears 5 can only mesh with one of the switching wheels 200 (at this time, only one driving gear 5 is meshed with one of the switching wheels 200); when the switching drive device 100 is in the manual adjustment state, the driving gear 5 can be disengaged from multiple switching wheels 200 (at this time, all the driving gears 5 are disengaged from each switching wheel 200). This can be achieved specifically through the design dimensions of the corresponding components.

[0086] Only when the driving gear 5 and the switching wheel 200 are not in meshing state (i.e., the switching driving device 100 is in manual adjustment state), manual quick adjustment can be performed using the tooling hole 303. The tooling hole 303 is generally a hexagonal hole, and the transmission shaft 6 can be manually rotated using an electric wrench to achieve quick debugging during the debugging stage.

[0087] Furthermore, a ruler is installed at the other end of the output rack 400. The ruler has a scale and can be used to synchronously display the running data inside the phase shifter.

[0088] The housing 500 is generally a rectangular housing, and its width is close to the axial length of the transmission shaft 6. In order to facilitate processing and installation, the housing 500 includes a top cover 501 and a base 502. The top cover 501 is detachably connected to the base 502. A plurality of mounting seats can be provided in the top cover 501 and the base 502 to facilitate the installation of various components. The number of output shafts 300 can be increased or decreased according to actual design requirements, and the tooth shape of the output rack 400 can also adopt other shapes.

[0089] Reference Figure 8 Generally, a guide hole 5011 is opened on the top cover 501 corresponding to the end of each output rack 400. The two ends of the output rack 400 can slide through the two guide holes 5011. The guide hole 5011 can be a T-shaped hole, and the cross-section of the rack is also T-shaped. The guide hole 5011 can guide the movement of the output rack 400.

[0090] Reference Figure 7 A guide rail 5021 is provided at the bottom of the shell 500 (specifically, the bottom of the base 502) along its length direction, and a guide groove is formed at the bottom of the switching rack 3 along its length direction, and the guide rail 5021 can be relatively slidably inserted in the guide groove; a slot 31 is opened on the top surface of the switching rack 3 along its length direction, and a plurality of plug-in plates 5012 are spaced apart along its length direction at the top of the shell 500 (specifically, the top of the top cover 501), and the plug-in plates 5012 can be relatively slidably inserted in the slot 31.

[0091] The teeth on the switching rack 3 are distributed on both sides of the slot 31, which does not affect its meshing with the second speed gear 22. By using the cooperation between the guide groove and the guide rail 5021 and the slot 31 and the plug plate 5012, the switching rack 3 can be limited in the upper and lower directions and the front and back directions in the housing 500, ensuring that the switching rack 3 and the second speed gear 22 can mesh normally during movement.

[0092] In summary, the transmission switching system in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0093] (1) The transmission part no longer needs to use the screw slider structure in the traditional transmission. Instead, an output rack 400 is used and designed inside the housing 500. Both ends extend out of the housing 500 and can move axially along the width direction of the housing 500. The output rack 400 is directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod, eliminating the length of the fixed screw in the conventional transmission system. The space occupied in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, saving more space for the electrical and structural design of the antenna.

[0094] (2) The switching part uses a gear rack as the switching module body, and cooperates with a reduction gear, that is, using the first gear 11, the reduction gear and the switching rack 3, which can ensure the switching efficiency while ensuring the switching accuracy.

[0095] (3) The output part does not use direct rack and pinion output because the rack and pinion output is too direct. When the input gear rotates one circle, the rack stroke is equal to the pitch circle diameter of the gear. In some phase shifter applications with short strokes (especially high-frequency phase shifters), the stroke allocated to each degree is only 2-3 mm, and the corresponding gear has only a few teeth. A slight deviation in the motor input will have a greater impact on the electrical downtilt angle of the phase shifter.

[0096] In this embodiment, the gear rack is used as a transition, and the thread rack is finally matched with the output. The gear rotates one circle, and the thread rotates synchronously. Finally, the phase shifter stroke is shortened to 2-3mm, which can greatly reduce the impact of the input motor error. The output part uses the thread-driven rack method, which reduces the impact of the input motor accuracy on the accuracy of the entire transmission system, and can also achieve a self-locking function.

[0097] (4) A hexagonal hole (i.e., tooling hole 303) is provided on the output shaft 300 to facilitate quick adjustment, greatly improving the antenna debugging efficiency.

[0098] Furthermore, the present application also provides a base station antenna, including the above-mentioned transmission switching system. The base station antenna has the same advantages as the above-mentioned transmission switching system, which will not be described in detail here.

[0099] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission switching system, characterized in that: It comprises a housing, a switching drive device, a plurality of switching mechanisms and a plurality of output racks arranged side by side; the output rack is inserted into the housing, the two ends of the output rack extend out of the housing, and the output rack can reciprocate along the width direction of the housing, and one end of the output rack is used to connect the phase shifter pull rod; Each group of the switching mechanisms includes a switching wheel and an output shaft that can mesh with each other, and the output shaft can also mesh with the corresponding output rack; the switching drive device includes at least one driving gear arranged in the housing, and a first input wheel and a second input wheel arranged outside the housing and located on the same side, and one end of the first input wheel and the output rack are respectively located on both sides of the width direction of the housing; the switching drive device can rotate the first input wheel to drive one of the driving gears to mesh with one of the switching wheels, and can also rotate the second input wheel to drive the switching wheel meshing with the driving gear to rotate, thereby driving the corresponding output rack to move through the action of the output shaft.

2. The transmission switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching drive device also includes: A transmission shaft is rotatably disposed in the housing, and the driving gear is circumferentially fixed and axially slidably sleeved on the transmission shaft; a first transmission mechanism, disposed in the housing, wherein the first input wheel can drive the driving gear to move along the transmission shaft through the first transmission mechanism; The second transmission mechanism is arranged in the housing, and the second input wheel can drive the transmission shaft to rotate through the second transmission mechanism, so as to drive the driving gear to rotate.

3. The transmission switching system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first transmission mechanism comprises a speed-changing wheel and a switching rack, the switching wheels are coaxially arranged, the axial direction of the switching wheel, the axial direction of the transmission shaft and the length direction of the switching rack are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the housing, the axial direction of the first input wheel, the axial direction of the speed-changing wheel and the length direction of the output rack are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the switching wheel; A first gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the first input wheel extending into the outer shell, and the speed change wheel includes a first speed change gear and a second speed change gear coaxially fixed, the first gear can be meshed with the first speed change gear, and the second speed change gear can be meshed with the switching rack; at least one moving seat is axially movable on the transmission shaft, and the moving seat is fixed to the switching rack, and the driving gear is rotatably arranged in the corresponding moving seat and is axially fixed to the moving seat.

4. The transmission switching system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second transmission mechanism comprises a power conversion gear, which is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft; a second gear is coaxially fixedly disposed on the end of the second input wheel extending into the housing, and the second gear can mesh with the power conversion gear.

5. The transmission switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the transmission shaft is polygonal, and it can be rotatably mounted on the corresponding supports in the outer shell through multiple sleeves; the inner hole shape of the sleeve, the inner hole shape of the drive gear and the inner hole shape of the power conversion gear all match the outer surface shape of the transmission shaft, wherein two of the sleeves are located at both ends of the power conversion gear and can axially limit the power conversion gear.

6. The transmission switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first gear, the first speed change gear and the second speed change gear are all cylindrical spur gears, and the second gear and the power conversion gear are all helical gears.

7. The transmission switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of the driving gears and the number of the moving seats are both two, and the two moving seats are respectively fixed to the two ends of the switching rack; two groups of switching wheel groups are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shell, and each group of the switching wheel groups includes a plurality of switching wheels arranged axially adjacent to each other.

8. The transmission switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching wheel includes a first switching gear and a second switching gear coaxially fixed, an output gear and a threaded convex ring are coaxially fixed on the output shaft, the driving gear can mesh with the first switching gear, the second switching gear can mesh with the output gear, the outer surface of the threaded convex ring has an external thread and can mesh with the output rack, and the thread pitch of the external thread of the threaded convex ring is equal to the tooth pitch of the output rack.

9. The transmission switching system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The driving gear and the first switching gear are both cylindrical spur gears, and the second switching gear and the output gear are both helical gears.

10. The transmission switching system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output rack includes a plurality of tooth plates arranged in parallel and at intervals along the length direction thereof, and surfaces of the tooth plates are perpendicular to the length direction of the output rack.

11. The transmission switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the output shaft is provided with a tooling hole and exposed from the housing, the tooling hole is used for inserting an adjusting tool, and the adjusting tool can drive the output shaft to rotate.

12. The transmission switching system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The switching drive device has a switching drive state and a manual adjustment state. When the switching drive device is in the switching drive state, one of the driving gears can only engage with one of the switching wheels; when the switching drive device is in the manual adjustment state, the driving gear can be disengaged from multiple switching wheels.

13. The transmission switching system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide track is provided at the bottom of the shell along its length direction, and a guide groove is formed at the bottom of the switching rack along its length direction, and the guide track can be relatively slidably inserted into the guide groove; a slot is opened on the top surface of the switching rack along its length direction, and a plurality of plug-in plates are provided at the top of the shell along its length direction, and the plug-in plates can be relatively slidably inserted into the slot.

14. The transmission switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scale is installed at the other end of the output rack.

15. The transmission switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission switching system further includes a driving motor having two output shafts and being respectively connectable to the first input wheel and the second input wheel.

16. A base station antenna, characterized in that: Comprising a transmission switching system as described in any one of claims 1-15.

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