Transmission switching device and base station antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmission switching device and a base station antenna, and the transmission switching device comprises a housing; the gear shifting operation mechanism comprises at least one butt joint gear, a gear shifting driving wheel and an operation driving wheel; the transmission screws can be arranged in the shell in a penetrating mode in the width direction of the shell in a reciprocating motion mode, and the two ends of each transmission screw extend out of the shell; each reversing assembly comprises a reversing wheel and a sleeve which can be meshed with each other, and the sleeve is arranged outside the corresponding transmission screw in a sleeving mode; the gear shifting operation mechanism is configured to drive one of the butt joint gears to be meshed with one of the reversing wheels by rotating the gear shifting driving wheel; and the driving gear rotates to drive the reversing wheel meshed with the butt joint gear to rotate, and then the corresponding transmission screw is driven to move axially under the action of the sleeve. The occupied space in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, and more space is saved for the electrical structure design of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a transmission switching device and a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, large-scale array products have become the mainstream form of base station wireless equipment, changing from small arrays to large arrays and from single-band to multi-band. This makes the design of base station antennas pay more attention to the miniaturization and lightweight of products to adapt to new technologies, new forms and new demands.

[0003] Currently, mainstream base station antenna products all take green design into consideration, and the short cable solution is a major manifestation of green antennas. This makes the overall design length of the phase shifter gradually longer, resulting in smaller space for installation and adjustment of the transmission system in the direction of the antenna length, which puts forward new requirements for the integrated and miniaturized design of the transmission.

[0004] At present, the transmission system used by mainstream manufacturers in the communications industry is usually a screw slider transmission method. The following two solutions are common:

[0005] Option 1: If Figure 1 As shown, it is composed of an input motor 01, a front screw support 021, a rear screw support 022, a screw 02, a slider 03, a transmission rod 04 and a rod support 041; the number of output shafts of the input motor 01 is consistent with the number of screws 02, and the transmission rod 04 is fixed to the slider 03. When the output shaft in the input motor 01 rotates, it can drive the screw 02 to rotate synchronously, and drive the slider 03 and the transmission rod 04 to reciprocate together.

[0006] Option 2: If Figure 2 As shown, it is composed of an input motor 01, a switching module 05, a front screw support 021, a rear screw support 022, a screw 02, a slider 03, a transmission rod 04, and a rod support 041; the input motor 01 is fixed with two output shafts, and the number of screws 02 can be greater than 2. One output shaft in the input motor 01 is responsible for controlling the rotation of the screw 02, and the other output shaft switches the screw 02 through the switching module 05. The transmission rod 04 is fixed to the slider 03. When one output shaft in the input motor 01 rotates, it can drive the screw 02 to rotate synchronously, and drive the slider 03 and the transmission rod 04 to reciprocate together.

[0007] However, the above solution 1 has the following disadvantages:

[0008] (1) In the application scenario of multi-band independent electric-tilt antennas, the increase in the number of frequency bands leads to a corresponding increase in the number of screws, and the number of motor output shafts increases synchronously, resulting in a larger width of the input motor, affecting the antenna structure layout. At the same time, the increase in the number of motor output shafts also means an increase in cost;

[0009] (2) The screw part is restricted by the phase shifter stroke. The screw length cannot be less than the phase shifter stroke. It occupies a large space in the antenna length direction, affecting the antenna structure layout.

[0010] The above solution 2 has the following disadvantages:

[0011] (1) The screw part is affected by the phase shifter stroke. The screw length cannot be less than the phase shifter stroke, which occupies a large space in the antenna length direction. Due to the existence of the switching module in the structure, the overall transmission component length is longer than that of the above-mentioned solution 1, which further affects the antenna structure layout;

[0012] (2) The switching purpose is achieved through a combination of gears or screws, which usually takes a long time and increases the debugging time.

[0013] (3) During the debugging of the semi-finished product, the screw cannot be adjusted manually after the switching module is installed. Summary of the invention

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a transmission switching device and a base station antenna, which greatly reduce the space occupied in the length direction of the antenna, thereby saving more space for the electrical structure design of the antenna.

[0015] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0016] The present invention provides a transmission switching device, comprising:

[0017] case;

[0018] The gear shifting mechanism comprises at least one docking gear arranged in the housing, and a gear shifting driving wheel and a running driving wheel arranged outside the housing and both located on one side of the housing along the width direction thereof;

[0019] A plurality of transmission screws are arranged side by side, the transmission screws are arranged in the housing so as to be reciprocatingly movable along the width direction of the housing, and both ends of the transmission screws extend out of the housing, and one end of the transmission screw located on the other side of the housing along the width direction thereof is used to connect to the phase shifter pull rod;

[0020] Multiple groups of reversing components, each group of reversing components includes a reversing wheel and a sleeve that can mesh with each other, and the sleeve is sleeved outside the corresponding transmission screw;

[0021] Among them, the gear shifting mechanism is configured to drive one of the docking gears to engage with one of the reversing wheels by rotating the gear shifting driving wheel; and to drive the reversing wheel engaged with the docking gear to rotate by rotating the operating driving wheel, thereby driving the corresponding transmission screw to move axially through the action of the sleeve.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reversing wheel includes a first reversing gear and a second reversing gear connected to each other, a first sleeve gear is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve, the first reversing gear can engage with the docking gear, the second reversing gear engages with the first sleeve gear, and the sleeve is threadedly connected to the transmission screw.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the docking gear is a cylindrical spur gear, the first reversing gear is a cylindrical spur gear, the second reversing gear is a helical gear, and the first sleeve gear is a helical gear.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gear shifting operation mechanism also includes a first transmission assembly, a sliding wheel and a second transmission assembly arranged in the housing, and the docking gear is fixedly connected to the sliding wheel; the gear shifting driving wheel can drive the sliding wheel to move axially through the first transmission assembly to drive the docking gear to move axially and engage with one of the reversing wheels; the operating driving wheel can drive the sliding wheel to rotate through the second transmission assembly to drive the docking gear to rotate.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first transmission component includes a shift screw and a shift slider, the reversing wheels are coaxially arranged, the axial directions of the reversing wheel, the axial directions of the sliding wheel and the shift screw are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the shell, the axial directions of the shift drive wheel and the axial directions of the transmission screw are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial directions of the reversing wheel; a screw gear is coaxially fixedly provided at one end of the shift screw, the shift slider can be axially movably sleeved on the shift screw and is threadedly connected to the shift screw, and the shift slider can be fixedly connected to the sliding wheel; a shift gear is coaxially fixedly provided at the end of the shift drive wheel extending into the shell, and the shift gear can mesh with the screw gear.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first limit block is further provided at one end of the shift screw, and a second limit block is provided at one end of the shift slider, and the first limit block can abut against the second limit block.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second transmission assembly includes a power conversion wheel, which includes a first conversion gear and a second conversion gear that are coaxially fixed; the axial direction of the running drive wheel is parallel to the axial direction of the shift drive wheel, and a running gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the running drive wheel that extends into the shell; the running gear can mesh with the first conversion gear, and the second conversion gear can mesh with the sliding wheel.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a third limit block is provided at one end of the sleeve, and a fourth limit block is provided at the other end of the transmission screw, and the third limit block can abut against the fourth limit block.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shift gear is a bevel gear, the screw gear is a bevel gear, the running gear is a bevel gear, the first conversion gear is a bevel gear, the second conversion gear is a cylindrical spur gear, and the gear on the sliding wheel is a cylindrical spur gear.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are two docking gears which are respectively fixed at both ends of the sliding wheel, and two sets of reversing wheel groups are spaced apart along the length direction of the housing, and each set of reversing wheel groups includes a plurality of reversing wheels arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second sleeve gear is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve, and a through hole is opened on the shell corresponding to each second sleeve gear, and some teeth of the second sleeve gear can extend from the through hole; the transmission switching device also includes a quick tooling wheel, the quick tooling wheel includes an adjusting gear, and the adjusting gear can engage with the second sleeve gear to drive the second sleeve gear to rotate.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quick tooling wheel also includes a tooling rod, the adjusting gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the tooling rod, and a positioning block is provided on the end face of the tooling rod close to the adjusting gear; a positioning hole is provided on the shell near the through hole, and the adjusting gear can engage with the second sleeve gear when the positioning block is inserted into the positioning hole.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting gear is a bevel gear, and the second sleeve gear is a bevel gear; a groove is provided on the outer wall of the shell corresponding to the position of each second sleeve gear, and the through hole and the positioning hole are both opened at the bottom of the groove.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gear shifting mechanism has a gear shifting operating state and a manual adjustment state. When the gear shifting mechanism is in the gear shifting operating state, one of the docking gears can engage with one of the reversing wheels; when the gear shifting mechanism is in the manual adjustment state, the docking gear is disengaged from multiple reversing wheels.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission switching device also includes an input motor, which is arranged on one side of the width direction of the housing. The input motor has two output shafts and can be connected to the shift drive wheel and the running drive wheel respectively.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a scale is installed at the other end of the transmission screw.

[0037] The present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising the above-mentioned transmission switching device.

[0038] As described above, the transmission switching device and the base station antenna of the present invention, by passing the transmission screw through the shell, the end of the transmission screw extending out of the other side of the shell width direction can be directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod, and the transmission screw can reciprocate along the shell width direction during use; the length of the fixed screw located outside the shell of the existing conventional transmission system is eliminated. In the present invention, the transmission screw no longer needs to be supported and installed on the back of the reflector. Even if the stroke of the phase shifter becomes longer and the length of the transmission screw increases, the space occupied on the reflector will not increase. The space occupied in the antenna length direction is greatly reduced, saving more space for the antenna electrical structure design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] in:

[0041] Figure 1 : It is a structural diagram of scheme 1 in the prior art.

[0042] Figure 2 : It is a structural diagram of scheme 2 in the prior art.

[0043] Figure 3 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission switching device provided by the present invention Figure 1 .

[0045] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission switching device provided by the present invention Figure 2 .

[0046] Figure 6 : A schematic structural diagram of the transmission switching device provided by the present invention when using a fast tooling wheel.

[0047] Figure 7 : A schematic structural diagram of the shift driving wheel provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the shift screw provided by the present invention.

[0049] Fig. 9 : A schematic structural diagram of the shift slider provided by the present invention.

[0050] Fig.10 : A schematic structural diagram of the sliding wheel provided by the present invention.

[0051] Fig.11: A schematic structural diagram of the power conversion wheel provided by the present invention.

[0052] Fig.12 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the reversing wheel provided by the present invention.

[0053] Fig.13 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the sleeve provided by the present invention.

[0054] Fig.14 : A schematic structural diagram of the transmission screw provided by the present invention.

[0055] Fig.15 : A schematic structural diagram of the rapid tooling wheel provided by the present invention.

[0056] Fig.16 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the lower cover provided by the present invention.

[0057] Fig.17 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cover provided by the present invention Figure 1 .

[0058] Fig.18 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cover provided by the present invention Figure 2 .

[0059] Fig.19 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step one when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0060] Fig. 20 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step two when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0061] Fig.21 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step three when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0062] Fig. 22 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step four when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0063] Fig.23 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step five when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0064] Fig.24 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step six when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0065] Fig.25 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step seven when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0066] Fig.26: A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step eight when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0067] Fig. 27 : A structural schematic diagram corresponding to step nine when installing the transmission switching device provided by the present invention.

[0068] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0069] Existing technology:

[0070] 01. Input motor; 02. Screw; 021. Front screw support; 022. Rear screw support; 03. Slider; 04. Transmission rod; 041. Rod support; 05. Switching module.

[0071] The present invention:

[0072] 1. Shell; 11. Through hole; 12. Positioning hole; 13. Groove; 14. Lower shell; 15. Upper cover;

[0073] 2. Gear shifting mechanism;

[0074] 21. Shift driving wheel; 211. Shift gear;

[0075] 22. shift screw; 221. screw gear; 222. first limit block;

[0076] 23. shift slider; 231. connecting tube; 232. snap ring; 233. second limit block;

[0077] 24, sliding wheel; 241, hollow shaft; 242, sliding gear; 243, slot;

[0078] 25. Docking gear;

[0079] 26. Running drive wheel; 261. Running gear;

[0080] 27, power conversion wheel; 271, first conversion gear; 272, second conversion gear;

[0081] 28. Fixed axis;

[0082] 3. Reversing wheel; 31. First reversing gear; 32. Second reversing gear;

[0083] 4. casing; 41. first casing gear; 42. second casing gear; 43. third limit block;

[0084] 5. Transmission screw; 51. Fourth limit block;

[0085] 6. Fast tooling wheel; 61. Adjusting gear; 62. Tooling rod; 63. Positioning block;

[0086] 7. Input motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] like Figures 3 to 27 As shown, the present application provides a transmission switching device, comprising:

[0089] Shell 1;

[0090] The shifting and operating mechanism 2 comprises at least one docking gear 25 arranged in the housing 1, and a shifting driving wheel 21 and an operating driving wheel 26 arranged outside the housing 1 and both located on one side of the housing 1 along the width direction thereof;

[0091] A plurality of transmission screws 5 are arranged side by side, and the transmission screws 5 are arranged in the housing 1 so as to be reciprocatingly movable along the width direction of the housing 1, and both ends of the transmission screws 5 extend out of the housing 1, and one end of the transmission screws 5 located on the other side of the housing 1 along the width direction thereof is used for connecting the phase shifter pull rod;

[0092] A plurality of reversing components, each of which comprises a reversing wheel 3 and a sleeve 4 that can mesh with each other, and the sleeve 4 is sleeved outside the corresponding transmission screw 5;

[0093] The gear shifting mechanism 2 is configured to drive one of the docking gears 25 to engage with one of the reversing wheels 3 by rotating the gear shifting driving wheel 21; and to drive the reversing wheel 3 engaged with the docking gear 25 to rotate by rotating the driving wheel 26, thereby driving the corresponding transmission screw 5 to move axially through the action of the sleeve 4.

[0094] Generally, an input motor 7 is provided on one side of the housing 1 in the width direction. The input motor 7 has two output shafts, which can be connected to the shift drive wheel 21 and the running drive wheel 26 respectively. When in use, one of the output shafts of the input motor 7 drives the shift drive wheel 21 to rotate, which can drive one of the docking gears 25 to mesh with one of the reversing wheels 3 (if there are more than one docking gears 25, only one docking gear 25 is meshed with one of the reversing wheels 3 at this time), so as to achieve shift docking. Then, the other output shaft of the input motor 7 drives the running drive wheel 26 to rotate, drives the reversing wheel 3 meshed with the docking gear 25 to rotate, and the reversing wheel 3 drives the sleeve 4 meshed with it to rotate, thereby driving the transmission screw 5 inserted in the sleeve 4 to move axially.

[0095] Compared with the prior art (refer to the second solution in the above-mentioned background technology), in which the transmission screw is fixed outside the switching module, the transmission screw also needs to be supported and installed on the back of the reflector through a screw support, which occupies a large space; the transmission switching device in this embodiment, by passing the transmission screw 5 through the shell 1, the end of the transmission screw 5 extending out of the other side of the shell 1 in the width direction can be directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod, and the transmission screw 5 can reciprocate along the width direction of the shell 1 during use; the length of the fixed screw part of the existing conventional transmission system located outside the shell is eliminated. In this embodiment, the transmission screw 5 no longer needs to be supported and installed on the back of the reflector. Even if the stroke of the phase shifter becomes longer and the length of the transmission screw 5 increases, the space occupied on the reflector will not increase, and the space occupied in the length direction of the antenna is greatly reduced, saving more space for the electrical structure design of the antenna.

[0096] In the specific implementation, Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, the reversing wheel 3 includes a first reversing gear 31 and a second reversing gear 32 connected to each other, a first sleeve gear 41 is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve 4, the first reversing gear 31 can mesh with the docking gear 25, the second reversing gear 32 meshes with the first sleeve gear 41, and the sleeve 4 is threadedly connected to the transmission screw 5.

[0097] In order to facilitate the shifting operation mechanism 2 to realize the shifting function and the function of the transmission screw operation, the shifting operation mechanism 2 also includes a first transmission assembly, a sliding wheel 24 and a second transmission assembly arranged in the housing 1, and the docking gear 25 is fixedly connected to the sliding wheel 24; the shifting driving wheel 21 can drive the sliding wheel 24 to move axially through the first transmission assembly, so as to drive the docking gear 25 to move axially and engage with one of the reversing wheels 3; the running driving wheel 26 can drive the sliding wheel 24 to rotate through the second transmission assembly, so as to drive the docking gear 25 to rotate, and then drive the reversing wheel 3 engaged with the docking gear 25 to rotate.

[0098] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 ( Figure 5 Only one drive screw is shown) and Figures 7 to 14 The first transmission assembly includes a shift screw 22 and a shift slider 23. The reversing wheels 3 are coaxially arranged. The axial direction of the reversing wheel 3, the axial direction of the sliding wheel 24 and the axial direction of the shift screw 22 are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the housing 1. The axial direction of the shift drive wheel 21 and the axial direction of the transmission screw 5 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the reversing wheel 3, that is, the axial direction of the transmission screw 5 is parallel to the width direction of the housing 1; the above-mentioned sliding wheel 24 is located between the shift screw 22 and the reversing wheel 3.

[0099] A screw gear 221 is coaxially fixed to one end of the shift screw 22, the shift slider 23 is axially movably sleeved on the shift screw 22 and is threadedly connected to the shift screw 22, and the shift slider 23 can be fixedly connected to the sliding wheel 24; a shift gear 211 is coaxially fixed to the end of the shift drive wheel 21 extending into the housing 1, and the shift gear 211 can mesh with the screw gear 221.

[0100] The second transmission assembly includes a power conversion wheel 27, which includes a first conversion gear 271 and a second conversion gear 272 that are coaxially fixed; the axial direction of the running drive wheel 26 is parallel to the axial direction of the shift drive wheel 21, and a running gear 261 is coaxially fixed to the end of the running drive wheel 26 that extends into the housing 1; the running gear 261 can mesh with the first conversion gear 271, and the second conversion gear 272 can mesh with the sliding wheel 24.

[0101] Generally, the power conversion wheel 27 is coaxially arranged with the transmission screw 5, and the number of the reversing wheels 3, the number of the sleeves 4 and the number of the transmission screw 5 are the same; the docking gear 25 is a cylindrical spur gear, and the first reversing gear 31 is a cylindrical spur gear; the second reversing gear 32 is a helical gear, and the first sleeve gear 41 is a helical gear, and they are preferably 45° helical bevel gears. The shift gear 211 is a bevel gear, the screw gear 221 is a bevel gear, the running gear 261 is a bevel gear, the first conversion gear 271 is a bevel gear, the second conversion gear 272 is a cylindrical spur gear, and the gear on the sliding wheel 24 is a cylindrical spur gear. Generally, the pitch circle diameter of the first reversing gear 31 in the reversing wheel 3 is larger than the pitch circle diameter of the second reversing gear 32, and the pitch circle diameter of the first conversion gear 271 in the power conversion wheel 27 is smaller than the pitch circle diameter of the second conversion gear 272.

[0102] Reference Fig. 9 The shift slider 23 may include a fixed connecting tube 231 and a retaining ring 232. The inner wall of the connecting tube 231 has an internal thread and can be connected to the external thread of the outer wall of the shift screw 22. The retaining ring 232 is a U-shaped retaining ring 232, which can be fixed on the reversing wheel 3.

[0103] The number of docking gears 25 is generally one or two. In the present embodiment, the number of docking gears 25 is preferably two and they are coaxially fixed at both ends of the sliding wheel 24. Two groups of reversing wheel groups are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the housing 1. Each group of reversing wheel groups includes a plurality of reversing wheels 3 arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the first reversing gear 31 in each reversing wheel 3 is arranged close to the interval between the two groups of reversing wheel groups.

[0104] Reference Fig.10The sliding wheel 24 may include a hollow shaft 241, a long strip sliding gear 242 arranged on the outer wall of the hollow shaft 241, and the sliding gear 242 is generally a cylindrical spur gear; two docking gears 25 are coaxially fixed at both ends of the hollow shaft 241, and the interval area between the two ends of the sliding gear 242 and the two docking gears 25 and the outer wall of the hollow shaft 241 form two clamping grooves 243, and the clamping ring 232 of the shift slider 23 can be clamped in one of the clamping grooves 243. A fixed shaft 28 should also be fixed in the housing 1, and the fixed shaft 28 is a cylindrical shaft with an axis parallel to the length direction of the housing 1. The hollow shaft 241 of the reversing wheel 3 can be axially slidable and rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft 28.

[0105] When in use, the input motor 7 provides the power required for the switching of the transmission screw 5 and the movement of the phase shifter pull rod through the shift drive wheel 21 and the running drive wheel 26. The operating principle of the transmission switching device is as follows:

[0106] Gear shift docking: The gear shift driving wheel 21 drives the gear shift screw 22 to rotate through the meshing of the bevel gear (i.e., the meshing of the gear shift gear 211 and the screw gear 221). The gear shift screw 22 rotates and drives the gear shift slider 23 thereon to slide axially left and right through the thread. The gear shift slider 23 drives the sliding wheel 24 to slide axially left and right on the cylindrical shaft (i.e., the fixed shaft 28) through the snap ring 232 thereon. When the cylindrical spur gears (i.e., the docking gears 25) at both ends of the sliding wheel 24 are meshed with the cylindrical spur gears (i.e., the first reversing gear 31) of any one of the eight groups of reversing wheels 3, the driving screw 5 is docked, and the gear shift docking is completed.

[0107] Screw operation: The running driving wheel 26 drives the power conversion wheel 27 to rotate through the meshing of bevel gears (i.e., the meshing of the running gear 261 and the first conversion gear 271), and the power conversion wheel 27 drives the sliding wheel 24 to rotate around the cylindrical axis through the meshing of spur gears (i.e., the meshing of the second conversion gear 272 and the sliding gear 242 on the sliding wheel 24), and the cylindrical spur gear at the end of the sliding wheel 24 (i.e., the docking gear 25) drives the cylindrical spur gear on the reversing wheel 3 (i.e., the first reversing gear 31) to rotate, thereby driving the spiral gear (i.e., the second reversing gear 32) integrated with it to rotate. Through the screwing action of the internal thread of the sleeve 4 and the external thread on the transmission screw 5, the rotation of the sleeve 4 drives the transmission screw 5 to move forward and backward, so as to realize the operation of the transmission screw 5.

[0108] Further, see Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A first limit block 222 is provided at one end of the shift screw 22 , and a second limit block 233 is provided at one end of the shift slider 23 . The first limit block 222 can abut against the second limit block 233 .

[0109] The outer wall of the shift screw 22 has an external thread, the length of which is less than the length of the shift screw 22, the first limit block 222 is connected to one end of the external thread, and the screw gear 221 is arranged between the first limit block 222 and the corresponding end of the shift screw 22. The second limit block 233 is specifically arranged at the end of the connecting cylinder 231 of the shift slider 23, and the first limit block 222 and the second limit block 233 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0110] The first limit block 222 and the second limit block 233 can be used to implement the gear shift calibration function: when the shift screw 22 rotates to drive the shift slider 23 to slide, when the first limit block 222 on the shift screw 22 abuts against the second limit block 233 on the shift slider 23, the shift screw 22 stops rotating, and this position is set as the calibration point. When changing direction or gear, the gear shift must be engaged after running to the calibration point each time, thereby eliminating the thread gap and return difference.

[0111] Reference Fig.13 and Fig.14 A third limit block 43 is provided at one end of the sleeve 4, and a fourth limit block 51 is provided at the other end of the transmission screw 5. The third limit block 43 can abut against the fourth limit block 51, and the third limit block 43 and the fourth limit block 51 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0112] The third limit block 43 and the fourth limit block 51 can be used to realize the calibration function of the transmission screw 5: when the sleeve 4 rotates to drive the transmission screw 5 to move forward and backward, when the third limit block 43 on the sleeve 4 and the fourth limit block 51 on the transmission screw 5 are against each other, the transmission screw 5 stops moving forward and backward (that is, stops axial movement), and this position is set as the calibration point. Each time the input motor 7 is powered off and then runs again, the calibration point must be calibrated before the transmission screw 5 is driven.

[0113] Further, see Figure 4 , Fig.13 and Fig.15 A second sleeve gear 42 is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve 4 (the second sleeve gear 42 is located between the first sleeve gear 41 and the third limit block 43 mentioned above), and a through hole 11 is opened on the housing 1 corresponding to each second sleeve gear 42, and part of the teeth of the second sleeve gear 42 can extend from the through hole 11; the transmission switching device also includes a fast tooling wheel 6, the fast tooling wheel 6 includes an adjusting gear 61, and the adjusting gear 61 can engage with the second sleeve gear 42 to drive the second sleeve gear 42 to rotate.

[0114] For the convenience of operation, the quick tooling wheel 6 also includes a tooling rod 62, the adjusting gear 61 is coaxially fixed to the end of the tooling rod 62, and a positioning block 63 is provided on the end face of the tooling rod 62 close to the adjusting gear 61; a positioning hole 12 is provided on the shell 1 near the through hole 11, and the adjusting gear 61 can engage with the second sleeve gear 42 when the positioning block 63 is inserted into the positioning hole 12.

[0115] Generally, the adjusting gear 61 is a bevel gear, and the second sleeve gear 42 is a bevel gear; a groove 13 is provided on the outer wall of the housing 1 at a position corresponding to each second sleeve gear 42, and the through hole 11 and the positioning hole 12 are both provided at the bottom of the groove 13. The groove 13 can be, for example, a square groove, the through hole 11 is a rectangular hole, the positioning hole 12 is a circular hole, and the positioning block 63 is a cylindrical block (such as a positioning pin) to facilitate positioning of the quick tooling wheel 6.

[0116] The shifting mechanism 2 has a shifting operation state and a manual adjustment state. When the shifting mechanism 2 is in the shifting operation state, one of the docking gears 25 can mesh with one of the reversing wheels 3 (at this time, only one of the docking gears 25 meshes with one of the reversing wheels 3); when the shifting mechanism 2 is in the manual adjustment state, the docking gear 25 is disengaged from multiple reversing wheels 3 (at this time, all the docking gears 25 are disengaged from each reversing wheel 3). This can be achieved specifically by designing the dimensions of the corresponding components.

[0117] When in use, when the cylindrical spur gears (i.e., docking gears 25) at both ends of the sliding wheel 24 mesh with the cylindrical spur gears of any of the eight sets of reversing wheels 3, the screw is disengaged; the shifting mechanism 2 is in a manual adjustment state, and only then can the manual quick adjustment function be realized by using the quick tooling wheel 6:

[0118] When the docking gear 25 and the reversing wheel 3 are in a non-meshing state (i.e., the gear shifting mechanism 2 is in a manual adjustment state), the locating pin on the quick tooling wheel 6 is inserted into the corresponding circular hole (i.e., the locating hole 12) on the housing 1, so that the bevel gear (i.e., the adjusting gear 61) on the quick tooling wheel 6 and the bevel gear (i.e., the second sleeve gear 42) on the sleeve 4 are meshed. An electric tool can be used to clamp the tooling rod 62 of the quick tooling wheel 6 and rotate it, thereby directly driving the transmission screw 5 in the sleeve 4 to move back and forth quickly, so as to achieve rapid debugging during the debugging stage.

[0119] Furthermore, a ruler is installed at the other end of the transmission screw 5. The ruler has a scale and can be used to synchronously display the running data inside the phase shifter.

[0120] The housing 1 is generally a rectangular housing, and its width is slightly larger than the axial length of the sleeve 4. Figure 4 as well as Figures 16 to 18The shell 1 includes an upper cover body 15 and a lower shell body 14. The upper cover body 15 can be detachably connected to the lower shell body 14. A plurality of mounting seats can be provided in the upper cover body 15 and the lower shell body 14 to facilitate the installation of various components. The above-mentioned through hole 11, groove 13 and positioning hole 12 are provided on the upper cover body 15.

[0121] The number of transmission screws 5 can be increased or decreased according to actual design requirements, the gear module, number of teeth, pressure angle and other parameters involved in the device can be adjusted according to actual design requirements, and the internal and external thread parameters involved in the device can be adjusted according to actual design requirements.

[0122] Furthermore, the installation steps of the transmission switching device are as follows:

[0123] Step 1: Reference Fig.19 The reversing wheels 3 are sequentially installed in the lower housing 14 , and the cylindrical spur gear portion of the reversing wheel 3 (ie, the first reversing gear 31 ) is installed symmetrically to the left and right of the center of the lower housing 14 .

[0124] Step 2: Reference Fig. 20 The cylindrical shaft (i.e., the fixed shaft 28) passes through the circular hole in the middle of the sliding wheel 24 and is installed at the corresponding position of the lower shell 14.

[0125] Step 3: Reference Fig.21 The shift slider 23 is mounted on the shift screw 22 by engaging its internal thread with the external thread of the shift screw 22 .

[0126] Step 4: Reference Fig. 22 , install the step three component to the corresponding position on the lower shell 14 in the step two component, adjust the position of the sliding wheel 24 in the step two component, and allow the left groove 243 on the sliding wheel 24 to be inserted into the snap ring 232 on the shift slider 23.

[0127] Step 5: Reference Fig.23 In step 4, the power conversion wheel 27 is installed at the corresponding position of the lower shell 14 of the component, so that the cylindrical spur gear (i.e., the second conversion gear 272) on the power conversion wheel 27 is meshed with the middle long cylindrical spur gear (i.e., the sliding gear 242) on the sliding wheel 24.

[0128] Step 6: Reference Fig.24 In step five, the shift drive wheel 21 and the running drive wheel 26 are installed at the corresponding positions of the lower shell 14 of the assembly, so that the bevel gear (i.e., the shift gear 211) on the shift drive wheel 21 is meshed with the bevel gear (i.e., the screw gear 221) on the shift screw 22, and the bevel gear (i.e., the running gear 261) on the running drive wheel 26 is meshed with the bevel gear (the first conversion gear 271) on the power conversion wheel 27.

[0129] Step 7: Reference Fig.25The end of the transmission screw 5 without the fourth limit block 51 is inserted into the sleeve 4 from the end of the sleeve 4 with the third limit block 43 through the external thread of the transmission screw 5 and the internal thread of the sleeve 4.

[0130] Step 8: Reference Fig.26 , install eight sets of step seven components at the corresponding positions of the lower housing 14 of the step six components, so that the 45° helical gear on the sleeve 4 (i.e., the first sleeve gear 41) is meshed with the 45° helical gear on the reversing wheel 3 (i.e., the second reversing gear 32).

[0131] Step 9: Reference Fig. 27 , install the upper cover body 15 on the basis of the components in step eight, and fasten the upper cover body 15 and the lower shell body 14 with self-tapping screws.

[0132] In summary, the transmission switching device in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0133] (1) The transmission screw 5 is designed inside the housing 1, with both ends extending out of the housing 1 and being able to move axially along the width direction of the housing 1. The transmission screw 5 is directly connected to the phase shifter pull rod, eliminating the length of the fixed screw in the conventional transmission system, greatly reducing the space occupied in the length direction of the antenna, and saving more space for the electrical and structural design of the antenna.

[0134] (2) The shift screw 22 and the shift slider 23 in the shift operation part use the method of internal and external threads, which can ensure the switching efficiency and the switching accuracy. The sleeve 4 and the transmission screw 5 in the output part use the method of internal and external threads, which can ensure the screw operation accuracy and efficiency. The sleeve 4 and the transmission screw 5 in the output part use the internal and external threads to screw together, which can realize the anti-impact function.

[0135] (3) Multi-stage power transmission, using helical gear meshing and bevel gear meshing for multiple transmission reversing to improve space utilization. Using 45° helical helical gear meshing (here refers to the meshing of the second reversing gear 32 of the reversing wheel 3 and the first sleeve gear 41 of the sleeve 4), it has a certain self-locking function and can be manually debugged quickly under the fast tooling wheel 6.

[0136] (4) The structure in which the transmission screw 5 and the sleeve 4 are threadedly matched has high transmission accuracy and can greatly reduce the impact of the error of the input motor 7.

[0137] (5) Use independent special debugging tooling to facilitate quick adjustment while preventing misoperation.

[0138] Furthermore, the present application also provides a base station antenna, comprising the above-mentioned transmission switching device. The base station antenna has the same advantages as the above-mentioned transmission switching device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0139] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission switching device, characterized in that: include: case; A shifting and operating mechanism, comprising at least one docking gear arranged in the housing, and a shifting driving wheel and an operating driving wheel arranged outside the housing and both located on one side of the housing along the width direction thereof; A plurality of transmission screws arranged side by side, the transmission screws being reciprocatably movable along the width direction of the housing and being disposed in the housing, and both ends of the transmission screws extending out of the housing, and one end of the transmission screw located on the other side of the housing along the width direction thereof being used for connecting a phase shifter pull rod; A plurality of groups of reversing assemblies, each group of the reversing assemblies comprises a reversing wheel and a sleeve that can mesh with each other, and the sleeve is sleeved outside the corresponding transmission screw; Wherein, the gear shifting operation mechanism is configured to drive one of the docking gears to engage with one of the reversing wheels by rotating the gear shifting driving wheel; and to drive the reversing wheel engaged with the docking gear to rotate by rotating the operating driving wheel, thereby driving the corresponding transmission screw to move axially through the action of the sleeve.

2. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reversing wheel includes a first reversing gear and a second reversing gear connected to each other. A first sleeve gear is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the sleeve. The first reversing gear can mesh with the docking gear. The second reversing gear meshes with the first sleeve gear. The sleeve is threadedly connected to the transmission screw.

3. The transmission switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The docking gear is a cylindrical spur gear, the first reversing gear is a cylindrical spur gear, the second reversing gear is a helical gear, and the first sleeve gear is a helical gear.

4. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear shifting operation mechanism also includes a first transmission assembly, a sliding wheel and a second transmission assembly arranged in the housing, and the docking gear is fixedly connected to the sliding wheel; the gear shifting driving wheel can drive the sliding wheel to move axially through the first transmission assembly to drive the docking gear to move axially and engage with one of the reversing wheels; the operating driving wheel can drive the sliding wheel to rotate through the second transmission assembly to drive the docking gear to rotate.

5. The transmission switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first transmission assembly includes a shift screw and a shift slider, the reversing wheels are coaxially arranged, the axial direction of the reversing wheel, the axial direction of the sliding wheel and the axial direction of the shift screw are parallel to each other and parallel to the length direction of the housing, and the axial direction of the shift driving wheel and the axial direction of the transmission screw are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the reversing wheel; A screw gear is coaxially fixed to one end of the shift screw, the shift slider is axially movably mounted on the shift screw and is threadedly connected to the shift screw, and the shift slider can be fixedly connected to the sliding wheel; a shift gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the shift drive wheel extending into the housing, and the shift gear can mesh with the screw gear.

6. The transmission switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first limit block is also provided at one end of the shift screw rod, and a second limit block is provided at one end of the shift sliding block, and the first limit block can abut against the second limit block.

7. The transmission switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second transmission assembly includes a power conversion wheel, and the power conversion wheel includes a first conversion gear and a second conversion gear that are coaxially fixed; the axial direction of the running drive wheel is parallel to the axial direction of the shift drive wheel, and a running gear is coaxially fixed to the end of the running drive wheel that extends into the housing; the running gear can mesh with the first conversion gear, and the second conversion gear can mesh with the sliding wheel.

8. The transmission switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A third limit block is provided at one end of the sleeve, and a fourth limit block is provided at the other end of the transmission screw, and the third limit block can abut against the fourth limit block.

9. The transmission switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shift gear is a bevel gear, the screw gear is a bevel gear, the running gear is a bevel gear, the first conversion gear is a bevel gear, the second conversion gear is a cylindrical spur gear, and the gear on the sliding wheel is a cylindrical spur gear.

10. The transmission switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are two docking gears which are fixed at both ends of the sliding wheel respectively. Two groups of reversing wheel sets are arranged in the housing along its length direction at intervals. Each group of reversing wheel sets includes a plurality of reversing wheels arranged adjacent to each other in the axial direction.

11. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second sleeve gear is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve, and a through hole is opened on the shell corresponding to each of the second sleeve gears, and some teeth of the second sleeve gear can extend from the through hole; the transmission switching device also includes a quick tooling wheel, and the quick tooling wheel includes an adjusting gear, and the adjusting gear can engage with the second sleeve gear to drive the second sleeve gear to rotate.

12. The transmission switching device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The quick tooling wheel also includes a tooling rod, the adjusting gear is coaxially fixed at the end of the tooling rod, and a positioning block is provided on the end face of the tooling rod close to the adjusting gear; a positioning hole is provided on the shell near the through hole, and the adjusting gear can engage with the second sleeve gear when the positioning block is inserted into the positioning hole.

13. The transmission switching device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The adjusting gear is a bevel gear, and the second sleeve gear is a bevel gear; A groove is provided on the outer wall of the shell at a position corresponding to each of the second sleeve gears, and the through hole and the positioning hole are both opened at the bottom of the groove.

14. The transmission switching device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The shifting mechanism has a shifting operation state and a manual adjustment state. When the shifting operation mechanism is in the shifting operation state, one of the docking gears can mesh with one of the reversing wheels; when the shifting operation mechanism is in the manual adjustment state, the docking gear is disengaged from multiple reversing wheels.

15. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission switching device further comprises an input motor, which is arranged on one side in the width direction of the housing. The input motor has two output shafts and can be connected to the shift drive wheel and the running drive wheel respectively.

16. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scale is installed on the other end of the transmission screw.

17. A base station antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a transmission switching device as described in any one of claims 1-16.

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