A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and its working method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of distributed energy supply technology, and provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and its working method. The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy for users through the first DC / AC converter, and provides electric energy for the electrolyzer through the first DC / DC converter; the electrolyzer generates hydrogen and oxygen, and transmits the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electric energy for users through the fourth DC / AC converter; heat exchange is carried out between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation. The hydrogen supply rate and process stability are improved, the waste heat in the distributed energy supply system is fully recovered and utilized, and the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy supply, and particularly to a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and its working method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As a common hydrogen storage method, solid-state hydrogen storage in metal hydrides has advantages such as good safety and low pressure. However, a single hydrogen storage method has different defects in terms of volumetric hydrogen storage density, energy consumption, dynamic response, and occupied space. Adopting a solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage method is an effective way to solve these problems. At the same time, a new hydrogen storage method through the coupling of solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage can effectively meet the energy storage requirements and dynamic response of hydrogen fuel cells or fixed power generation systems, providing an opportunity for the diversified development of distributed energy supply systems.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cells have advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, low working temperature, fast dynamic response speed, and recyclable energy. Affected by the electrical efficiency of fuel cells, a large amount of heat will be generated during the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Recycling the heat generated will help improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, enhance system reliability, and promote the development of cogeneration systems.

[0005] The construction and application of hydrogen energy storage distributed energy supply systems play an important role in promoting the development of renewable energy. At present, most of the distributed energy supply systems that have been applied use gaseous hydrogen storage methods, which have problems such as low hydrogen storage efficiency and high costs. Some distributed energy supply systems using solid-state hydrogen storage methods have not considered new paths for coupled hydrogen storage technology and still have room for improvement in terms of hydrogen storage efficiency, process stability, energy consumption, and costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage and its working method. Not only does it achieve the hydrogen supply requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells through the coordinated working mode of solid-state hydrogen storage in metal hydrides and hydrogen buffer tanks, improving the hydrogen supply rate and process stability, but also the waste heat generated during the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is introduced into the solid-state hydrogen storage tank of metal hydrides, realizing the full recovery and utilization of waste heat in the distributed energy supply system including solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, and improving the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage.

[0009] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage includes a photovoltaic panel, a first DC / AC converter, a first DC / DC converter, an electrolyzer, a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen buffer tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and a fourth DC / AC converter;

[0010] The photovoltaic panel is connected to a user through the first DC / AC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the user;

[0011] The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electrolyzer through the first DC / DC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the electrolyzer;

[0012] The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank;

[0013] The metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage manner;

[0014] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to a user through the fourth DC / AC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the user;

[0015] Heat exchange is carried out between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through a water cycle.

[0016] Further, it also includes a second DC / DC converter and a low-voltage storage battery;

[0017] The photovoltaic panel is connected to the low-voltage storage battery through the second DC / DC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the low-voltage storage battery;

[0018] The low-voltage storage battery is connected to a user and is used to supply electric energy to the user.

[0019] Further, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the low-voltage storage battery through a third DC / DC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the low-voltage storage battery.

[0020] Further, it also includes a second DC / AC converter, an electric water heater, and a heat storage tank;

[0021] The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electric water heater through the second DC / AC converter and is used to supply electric energy to the electric water heater;

[0022] The hot water generated by the operation of the electric water heater is stored in the hot water tank.

[0023] Further, the hot water generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is stored in the hot water tank.

[0024] Further, the hydrogen in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank sequentially passes through a second humidifier, a hydrogen flow meter, a second pressure sensor, and a second temperature sensor, and enters the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0025] Further, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the second humidifier through a circulating hydrogen pump.

[0026] Further, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and air sequentially enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, and the air inlet.

[0027] Further, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is further provided with a reaction air outlet, and a fifth solenoid valve is arranged at the reaction air outlet.

[0028] The second aspect of the present invention provides a working method of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as described in the first aspect, including the following steps:

[0029] The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy for users through a first DC / AC converter;

[0030] The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy for the electrolyzer through a first DC / DC converter;

[0031] The electrolyzer generates hydrogen and oxygen, and transmits the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank;

[0032] The metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by means of solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage;

[0033] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electric energy for users through a fourth DC / AC converter;

[0034] Heat exchange is carried out between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through a water cycle.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] For the distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage described in the present invention, its coordinated working mode of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage and the hydrogen buffer tank is used to meet the hydrogen supply requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Compared with the traditional single hydrogen storage mode, the hydrogen supply rate and process stability are improved.

[0037] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage according to the present invention realizes full recovery and utilization of waste heat in the distributed energy supply system and improves the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system by introducing the waste heat generated during the operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell into a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, a heat storage tank, and a heat user. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide a further description of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only relational terms determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present invention and do not specifically refer to any component or element of the present invention. It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0044] In the present invention, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, which may mean a fixed connection, an integral connection or a detachable connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the relevant scientific research or technology in this field, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific circumstances and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] Without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage.

[0048] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage provided in this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, includes a solar photovoltaic panel 1, a first DC / DC converter 2, an electrolyzer 3, a first solenoid valve 4, an oxygen cylinder 5, a second solenoid valve 6, a compressor 7, a second DC / DC converter 8, a first DC / AC converter 9, a second DC / AC converter 10, an electric water heater 11, a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12, a hydrogen buffer tank 13, a third solenoid valve 14, a low-voltage storage battery 15, a third DC / AC converter 16, a user 17, a heat storage tank 18, a fourth DC / AC converter 19, a third DC / DC converter 20, a fourth solenoid valve 21, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, an air filter 23, an air compressor 24, a first humidifier 25, an air flow meter 26, a first pressure sensor 27, a first temperature sensor 28, a fifth solenoid valve 29, a second temperature sensor 30, a second pressure sensor 31, a hydrogen flow meter 32, a second humidifier 33, and a circulating hydrogen pump 34.

[0049] Among them, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the low-voltage storage battery 15 through the second DC / DC converter 8.

[0050] Among them, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the user 17 through the first DC / AC converter 9.

[0051] Among them, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the electric water heater 11 through the second DC / AC converter 10, and the electric water heater 11 is connected to the heat storage tank 18.

[0052] Among them, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the electrolyzer 3 through the first DC / DC converter 2, the electrolyzer 3 is connected to the oxygen cylinder 5 through the first solenoid valve 4, and the electrolyzer 3 is sequentially connected to the hydrogen buffer tank 13 through the second solenoid valve 6, the compressor 7, and the third solenoid valve 14.

[0053] Among them, the hydrogen buffer tank 13 is connected to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12, and the hydrogen buffer tank 13 is sequentially connected to the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 through the second humidifier 33, the hydrogen flow meter 32, the second pressure sensor 31, and the second temperature sensor 30.

[0054] Among them, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with an air (oxygen) inlet, and air sequentially passes through an air filter 23, an air compressor 24, a first humidifier 25, an air flow meter 26, a first pressure sensor 27, a first temperature sensor 28, and the air inlet to enter the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22.

[0055] Among them, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to a second humidifier 33 through a circulating hydrogen pump 34.

[0056] Among them, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with a reaction air outlet, and a fifth solenoid valve 29 is arranged at the reaction air outlet.

[0057] Among them, the electrodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 are connected to a user 17 through a fourth DC / AC converter 19; the electrodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 are connected to a low-voltage storage battery 15 through a third DC / DC converter 20.

[0058] Among them, the low-voltage storage battery 15 is connected to the user 17 through a third DC / AC converter 16.

[0059] Among them, the water outlet (coolant outlet) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is respectively connected to the user 17, a heat storage tank 18, and a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12 through a fourth solenoid valve 21.

[0060] Among them, the heat storage tank 18 is connected to the user 17.

[0061] Among them, the water outlet of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12 is connected to the water inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22.

[0062] When the sunlight is sufficient during the day, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 absorbs sunlight and directly supplies electric energy to the user 17 through a first DC / AC converter 9. After meeting the usage requirements, the excess electric energy is stored in the low-voltage storage battery 15 through a second DC / DC converter 8. After the electric energy of the low-voltage storage battery 15 is stored, the excess electric energy from solar power generation drives the electric water heater 11 to operate and generate hot water through a second DC / AC converter 10, and the hot water is stored in the hot water tank 18. Subsequently, the excess electric energy drives the electrolytic cell 3 to operate through a first DC / DC converter 2, generating oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen is stored in an oxygen cylinder 5 through a first solenoid valve 4; the generated hydrogen passes through a second solenoid valve 6, is appropriately pressurized by a compressor 7, and is stored in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through a third solenoid valve 14 and a hydrogen buffer tank 13.

[0063] When the sunlight is insufficient at night or during the day, the energy will be supplied to the user 17 through the coordinated operation of components such as the low-voltage storage battery 15, the heat storage tank 18, and the fuel cell 22 during the hydrogen storage process. Among them, the low-voltage storage battery 15 preferentially supplies electrical energy to the user through the third DC / AC converter 16. After the stored electrical energy is basically exhausted, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 starts to supply electrical energy. At this time, due to the limitation of the hydrogen supply rate of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 needs to release hydrogen. The hydrogen is first transferred to the hydrogen buffer tank 13 and then released from the hydrogen buffer tank 13 to achieve the coordinated operation of the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 and the hydrogen buffer tank 13, ensuring that the hydrogen supply speed can meet the normal use requirements. The hydrogen is humidified by the second humidifier 33 to meet the fuel cell's use requirements. The flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell are measured by the hydrogen flow meter 32, the second pressure sensor 31, and the second temperature sensor 30. Based on the measured values of the flow rate, pressure, and temperature, the opening of the third solenoid valve 14 and the working power of the second humidifier 33 are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that the supplied hydrogen flow rate, temperature, and humidity meet the normal use of the fuel cell. The air is filtered by the air filter 23 to remove relevant impurities, the pressure of the supplied air is appropriately increased by the air compressor 24, and the air is humidified by the first humidifier 25 to meet the fuel cell's use requirements. The flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the air supplied to the fuel cell are measured by the air flow meter 26, the first pressure sensor 27, and the first temperature sensor 28. The air is matched according to the operation of the fuel cell to keep the air excess ratio of the fuel cell between 1.65 and 2 to meet the normal use of the fuel cell when connected to the load, minimizing the voltage drop and voltage fluctuation under load changes and maintaining high fuel cell performance. The chemical energy is converted into electrical energy by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 and is preferentially supplied to the user 17 through the fourth DC / AC converter 19. When this electrical energy supply can meet the normal use of the user, the excess electrical energy passes through the third DC / DC converter 20 and is supplied to the low-voltage storage battery 15. The heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is taken away by the coolant (from the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12) and is preferentially supplied to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through the fourth solenoid valve 21 to meet the heat requirement during its hydrogen release process. Other heat is preferentially supplied to the user 17. When the user's heat demand is met, the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank 18. When the user side 17 needs to use hot water, it is supplied by the heat generated by the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell reaction. The unreacted hydrogen returns to the front of the second humidifier 33 through the circulating hydrogen pump 34, is processed through a series of steps, and then enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 again for reaction. The reacted air is directly discharged after passing through the fifth solenoid valve 29.

[0064] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage provided in this embodiment adopts a coordinated working mode of metal hydride solid hydrogen storage and a hydrogen buffer tank to meet the hydrogen supply requirements of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Compared with the traditional single hydrogen storage mode, it improves the hydrogen supply rate and process stability.

[0065] A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage provided in this embodiment realizes the full recovery and utilization of waste heat in the distributed energy supply system by introducing the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell into the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank, the heat storage tank, and the heat user, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the distributed energy supply system.

[0066] Embodiment 2

[0067] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a working method for a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0068] (1) Hydrogen storage process.

[0069] When there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 absorbs sunlight and directly supplies electric energy to the user 17 through the first DC / AC converter 9. After meeting the usage requirements, the excess electric energy is stored in the low-voltage battery 15 through the second DC / DC converter 8. After the low-voltage battery 15 finishes storing electric energy, the excess electric energy generated by solar power drives the electric water heater 11 to operate through the second DC / AC converter 10 to produce hot water, which is stored in the hot water tank 18. Subsequently, the excess electric energy drives the electrolyzer 3 to operate through the first DC / DC converter 2 to generate oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen is stored in the oxygen cylinder 5 through the first solenoid valve 4; the generated hydrogen passes through the second solenoid valve 6, is appropriately pressurized by the compressor 7, and is stored in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank 12 through the third solenoid valve 14 and the hydrogen buffer tank 13.

[0070] (2) Hydrogen release process.

[0071] When there is insufficient sunlight at night or during the day, energy is supplied to the user 17 through the coordinated operation of parts such as the low-voltage battery 15, the heat storage tank 18, and the fuel cell 22 during the hydrogen storage process.

[0072] Among them, the low-voltage battery 15 preferentially supplies electrical energy to users through the third DC / AC converter 16. After the electrical energy stored here is basically exhausted, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 starts to supply electrical energy. At this time, due to the limitation of the hydrogen supply rate of the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank, the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank 12 needs to release hydrogen. After the hydrogen is first transferred to the gaseous buffer tank 12, it is released from the gaseous buffer tank 12, realizing the coordination between the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank 12 and the gaseous buffer tank 13 to ensure that the hydrogen supply speed can meet the normal use requirements. After the second humidifier 33 humidifies the hydrogen to meet the humidity requirements of the fuel cell, the hydrogen flowmeter 32, the second pressure sensor 31, and the second temperature sensor 30 complete the measurement of the flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell. Thus, the valve opening and the working power of the humidifier are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that the supplied hydrogen flow rate, temperature, and humidity meet the normal use of the fuel cell. The air passes through the air filter 23 to filter out relevant impurities, and the air compressor 24 appropriately increases the pressure of the supplied air. The first humidifier 25 humidifies the air to meet the use requirements of the fuel cell. The air flowmeter 26, the first pressure sensor 27, and the first temperature sensor 28 complete the measurement of the flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the air supplied to the fuel cell. After passing through the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. After passing through the fourth DC / AC converter 19, the third DC / DC converter 20 then increases the voltage and preferentially supplies electrical energy to the user 17. When this electrical energy supply can meet the normal use of the user, the excess electrical energy is supplied to the low-voltage battery 15. The heat generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is taken away by the coolant (from the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank 12) and then preferentially supplied to the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank 12 through the fourth solenoid valve 21 to meet the heat requirement during its hydrogen release process. Other heat is preferentially supplied to the user 17. When the user's heat requirement is met, the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank 18. When the user side 17 needs to use hot water, it is supplied by the heat generated by the heat storage tank 18 and the fuel cell reaction. The unreacted hydrogen returns to before the second humidifier 33 through the circulating hydrogen pump 34 and enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 again for reaction after a series of treatments. The reacted air is directly discharged after passing through the fifth solenoid valve 29.

[0073] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic panel, a first DC / AC converter, a first DC / DC converter, an electrolyzer, a metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen buffer tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a fourth DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel is connected to a user via a first DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electrolyzer via a first DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the electrolyzer; The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen to transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; when the sunlight conditions are insufficient at night or during the day, the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank releases hydrogen, and the hydrogen is first transferred to the hydrogen buffer tank, and then released outward from the hydrogen buffer tank, so that the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen buffer tank are coordinated with each other; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to a user via a fourth DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the user; Heat exchange is performed between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation; Also includes a second DC / DC converter and a low-voltage battery; The photovoltaic panel is connected to the low-voltage battery via a second DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery; The low-voltage battery is connected to the user to provide electric energy to the user; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the low-voltage battery via a third DC / DC converter to provide electrical energy to the low-voltage battery; It also includes a fourth DC / AC converter, an electric water heater and a heat storage tank; the hot water generated by the electric water heater is stored in the hot water tank; The hot water generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is stored in the hot water tank; The hydrogen in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank passes through the second humidifier, the hydrogen flow meter, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor in sequence, and enters the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and air enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and the air inlet in sequence; The water outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the user, the heat storage tank and the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device through the fourth solenoid valve; the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage tank is supplied first through the fourth solenoid valve to meet its heat requirements in the hydrogen release process, and other heat is supplied to the user first. When the user's heat meets the use requirements, the remaining heat is stored in the heat storage tank; The flow, pressure and temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell are measured by a hydrogen flow meter, a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor. Based on the measured values ​​of the flow, pressure and temperature, the opening of the third solenoid valve and the operating power of the second humidifier are adjusted in time to ensure that the flow, temperature and humidity of the supplied hydrogen meet the normal use of the fuel cell.

2. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel is connected to the electric water heater via a second DC / AC converter to provide electrical energy to the electric water heater.

3. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the second humidifier through a circulating hydrogen pump.

4. A distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with a reaction air outlet, and the reaction air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve.

5. A working method of a distributed energy supply system based on solid-gas coupled hydrogen storage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: The photovoltaic panel provides electric energy to the user through the first DC / AC converter; The photovoltaic panel provides electrical energy to the electrolyzer through a first DC / DC converter; The electrolyzer produces hydrogen and oxygen, and transmits the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank; The metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen buffer tank interact with each other to supply hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell provides electricity to the user through the fourth DC / AC converter; Heat is exchanged between the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through water circulation.

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