Surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping

Abstract

The invention provides a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping, and belongs to the technical field of engineering surveying and mapping. A surveying instrument for engineering surveying comprises a surveying instrument body, a base, a supporting plate, a connecting shaft, a concave positioning seat, a balance assembly, a clamping plate, a connecting frame, a protractor and a pointer. Before surveying and mapping, when the two clamping plates move oppositely to be away from the concave positioning seat, a balance system capable of automatically adapting to the ground gradient can be formed under the cooperation of the horizontal plate, the lifting rope and the balancing weight, and once the ground is inclined, the surveying and mapping instrument body deviates from the horizontal state, the balancing weight is driven by gravity, and the surveying and mapping instrument body is protected. The horizontal plate is gently pulled through the lifting rope, then the surveying instrument body is automatically adjusted to the horizontal position, the stability of a measurement datum is ensured, after horizontal correction is completed, the clamping plates move in the opposite directions again, the concave positioning base is tightly clamped, a stable supporting structure is formed, external interference is effectively isolated, and the measurement precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering surveying and mapping, and in particular to a surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping. Background Art

[0002] A surveying instrument is an instrument designed and manufactured for surveying and mapping operations for data collection, processing, and output. It is usually an instrument for various orientation, distance, angle, height, mapping, and photogrammetry required for surveying work in the planning, design, construction, and management stages of engineering construction. The instrument is mounted on a retractable tripod and placed between two observation points, and the numerical value is obtained through observation through the lens.

[0003] In the process of field surveying and mapping, the existing surveying and mapping instruments are prone to uneven ground due to the complexity of the construction environment. The uneven ground will cause the surveying and mapping instrument to be tilted as a whole. The data measured by the tilted surveying and mapping instrument will have errors, and the operator is often difficult to judge and manually calibrate this slight tilt by naked eyes, and it is also impossible to make real-time adjustments during the surveying and mapping process to keep the surveying and mapping instrument horizontal, which greatly limits the accuracy and scope of application of the surveying and mapping instrument. To this end, the present invention proposes a surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping that can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping, comprising a surveying instrument body and a base arranged below the surveying instrument body, and also comprising a support plate vertically fixed to the top center of the base, a connecting shaft is rotatably arranged on the support plate, a corresponding concave positioning seat vertically located above the supporting plate is fixed on the connecting shaft, a balancing component is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat and the bottom of the surveying instrument body, a pair of slidable clamping plates are provided on the connecting shaft, a connecting frame is fixed on one side of the clamping plate close to the end of the connecting shaft, a protractor is connected to the top of the connecting frame, a pointer cooperating with the protractor is fixed to the end of the connecting shaft, when the two clamping plates are moving in opposite directions to a preset position, the clamping plates and the concave positioning seat are in a non-contact state, and when the two clamping plates are moving towards each other to the preset position, the clamping plates and the concave positioning seat are in a contact state.

[0006] Preferably, the balancing assembly comprises a horizontal plate fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat and the bottom of the surveying instrument body, a pair of suspension ropes are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate, and a counterweight is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rope.

[0007] Preferably, a bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected to the support plate, the clamping plate is threadedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod, a mounting groove is provided on the support plate, and a rotating mechanism is provided in the mounting groove for driving the bidirectional threaded rod to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a driving part installed on the bottom wall of the mounting groove, a first bevel gear is fixed to the output end of the driving part, a matching second bevel gear is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod.

[0009] Preferably, a telescopic member is provided between the clamping plate and the top of the base for cooperating with the clamping plate to limit the position when moving.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic member includes a vertical plate fixed on the top of the base, a connecting tube is fixed on the vertical plate, a moving block is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the connecting tube, a connecting rod is fixed on the moving block, and one end of the connecting rod extending to the outside of the connecting tube is fixed on the clamping plate.

[0011] Preferably, an air duct is connected between the connecting tube and the bottom of the connecting frame, an inlet and outlet sliding with the protractor is provided on the top of the connecting frame, and an elastic member is provided between the protractor and the bottom wall of the connecting frame.

[0012] Preferably, the elastic member includes a movable plate fitted with the inner wall of the connecting frame, a pair of springs are fixed between the bottom of the movable plate and the bottom wall of the connecting frame, and a pair of concave brackets are fixed between the top of the movable plate and the top of the protractor.

[0013] Preferably, when the movable plate contacts the top wall of the connecting frame, the protractor is located on the top of the connecting frame.

[0014] Preferably, when the movable plate is not in contact with the top wall of the connecting frame, the top of the concave bracket is kept flush with the top of the inlet and outlet, and the protractor is located inside the connecting frame.

[0015] After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: before surveying, the present invention can form a balance system that automatically adapts to the ground inclination under the cooperation of the horizontal plate, the suspension rope and the counterweight block when the two clamping plates move in opposite directions away from the concave positioning seat. When the uneven ground causes the surveying instrument body to tilt, the counterweight block pulls the horizontal plate through the suspension rope under the action of gravity, thereby driving the surveying instrument body to make reverse adjustments until it reaches a horizontal state. After completing the horizontal correction, the two clamping plates move in opposite directions and are tightly clamped on the surface of the concave positioning seat, which can ensure a stable connection between the surveying instrument body and the concave positioning seat, and reduce the influence of external factors on the measurement accuracy. This design enables surveying and mapping personnel to complete the measurement task more quickly and accurately, and improve work efficiency and measurement accuracy.

[0016] At the same time, the protractor and the connecting frame can be set to be retractable by utilizing the formation of the splints moving towards or against each other. When no angle measurement is performed, the protractor can be completely retracted into the inside of the connecting frame through the movement of the splints towards each other, thereby avoiding the protractor being directly exposed to the external environment for a long time and being affected by adverse factors such as light, dust, and moisture. When measuring the angle, the protractor can be quickly and smoothly extended to the outside of the connecting frame through the movement of the splints in opposite directions, and cooperate with the pointer to complete the measurement task, demonstrating extremely high operational convenience and measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall connection structure of a surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall exploded structure of a surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the clamping plate and the concave positioning seat of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a connecting tube of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a connection frame of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the clamping plate and the concave positioning seat of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a connecting tube of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a connection frame of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 2 .

[0025] In the figure: 1. surveying instrument body; 2. base; 3. support plate; 31. connecting shaft; 32. concave positioning seat; 33. balancing assembly; 331. horizontal plate; 332. lifting rope; 333. counterweight; 34. clamping plate; 35. connecting frame; 36. protractor; 37. pointer; 38. inlet and outlet; 4. two-way threaded rod; 5. mounting groove; 6. rotating mechanism; 61. driving part; 62. first bevel gear; 63. second bevel gear; 7. telescopic member; 71. vertical plate; 72. connecting tube; 73. moving block; 74. connecting rod; 75. air guide tube; 8. elastic member; 81. moving plate; 82. spring; 83. concave bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc. to indicate directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 A surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping includes a surveying instrument body 1 and a base 2 arranged below the surveying instrument body 1, and also includes a support plate 3 vertically fixed at the top center of the base 2, a connecting shaft 31 is rotatably arranged on the support plate 3, a corresponding concave positioning seat 32 vertically located above the support plate 3 is fixed on the connecting shaft 31, a balancing assembly 33 is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat 32 and the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1, and the balancing assembly 33 includes a horizontal plate 331 fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat 32 and the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1, a pair of suspension ropes 332 are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate 331, and a counterweight block 333 is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rope 332.

[0030] When in use, firstly, the base 2 needs to be stably mounted on the tripod support frame. The tripod support frame provides a solid foundation for the entire surveying and mapping system with its stable triangular structure, ensuring that it can remain stable even in complex and changeable outdoor environments. Subsequently, the tripod support frame with the base 2 is stably placed on the ground. Regardless of whether the ground is flat or not, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can start its automatic adjustment process. When the ground is uneven, causing the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 to tilt, the counterweight block 333 is used to generate a reverse torque on the horizontal plate 331 connected by the suspension rope 332 to adjust the horizontal plate 331. The force is transmitted to the connecting shaft 31 through the concave positioning seat 32. With the support of the supporting plate 3, the connecting shaft 31 can flexibly rotate in the horizontal plane. With the continuous action of the reverse torque, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 will naturally rotate around the connecting shaft 31 and gradually adjust its posture until the horizontal plate 331 returns to a horizontal state, that is, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 reaches a horizontal balance. The entire adjustment process does not require manual intervention. Once the horizontal state is reached, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can start accurate surveying and mapping operations, which effectively reduces the data errors that may be caused by uneven ground and ensures the stability and accuracy of the surveying and mapping results.

[0031] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 A pair of slidable clamping plates 34 are provided on the connecting shaft 31, and a connecting frame 35 is fixed on one side of the clamping plate 34 close to the end of the connecting shaft 31, and a protractor 36 is connected to the top of the connecting frame 35. A pointer 37 cooperating with the protractor 36 is fixed at the end of the connecting shaft 31. When the surveying instrument body 1 tilts due to uneven ground and automatically adjusts around the connecting shaft 31, the pointer 37 will rotate accordingly, and its tip always points to the scale on the protractor 36, thereby displaying the current tilt angle of the surveying instrument body 1 in real time. This design enables surveying and mapping personnel to intuitively understand the tilt of the surveying instrument body 1 during the adjustment process, and whether it has finally reached a completely horizontal state. At the same time, the accurate reading of the protractor 36 also provides an important reference basis for subsequent surveying and mapping data, which helps to further improve the accuracy and reliability of surveying and mapping results.

[0032] Embodiment 2: Based on the above embodiment, the optimization is to refer to Figure 1-Figure 8When the two clamps 34 are moving in opposite directions to the preset positions, the clamps 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 are in a non-contact state. In this state, the concave positioning seat 32 can freely interact with the surveying instrument body 1 on the top of the horizontal plate 331 through the connecting shaft 31. Without the restriction of the clamps 34, the surveying instrument body 1 can be more flexible to automatically adjust the horizontal state according to the unevenness of the ground. This adjustment mechanism helps to ensure that the surveying instrument body 1 is in a horizontal state before measurement, thereby avoiding data errors that may be caused by uneven ground and ensuring the accuracy of the surveying and mapping results. When the two clamps 34 are moving in opposite directions to the preset positions, the clamps 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 are in a contact state. This contact state ensures that after the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 is adjusted to a horizontal state, the clamping plate 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 can be closely matched, thereby enhancing the stability of the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 during use, and the measurement work can be performed more accurately without worrying about position offset or shaking caused by external factors. By controlling the opposite or opposite movements of the two clamping plates 34, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can flexibly adjust its working state to adapt to different measurement requirements. When horizontal adjustment is required, the clamping plate 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 remain in a non-contact state, allowing the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 to be adjusted freely. When stable measurement is required, the clamping plate 34 tightly clamps the concave positioning seat 32 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the surveying and mapping results.

[0033] In the above technical solution, in order to realize that the two clamping plates 34 can move toward or in the opposite direction on the connecting shaft 31, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A bidirectional threaded rod 4 is rotatably connected to the support plate 3, and the clamping plate 34 is threadedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod 4. A mounting groove 5 is opened on the support plate 3, and a rotating mechanism 6 is arranged in the mounting groove 5 for driving the bidirectional threaded rod 4 to rotate. The rotating mechanism 6 includes a driving portion 61 installed on the bottom wall of the mounting groove 5, and a first bevel gear 62 is fixed to the output end of the driving portion 61. A matching second bevel gear 63 is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear 62, and the second bevel gear 63 is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod 4. When in use, the driving portion 61 driven by a servo motor drives the first bevel gear 62 and the second bevel gear 63 to transmit to each other, and the bidirectional threaded rod 4 connected to the second bevel gear 63 will also rotate during the mutual transmission process between the first bevel gear 62 and the second bevel gear 63, and realize that the two clamping plates 34 move toward or oppositely along the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 4.

[0034] It should be noted that the adoption of this automated design is based on the fact that once manual rotation is used and touch occurs, the balance state of the surveying instrument body 1 may be changed, causing the surveying instrument body 1 to tilt again, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy. In contrast, this automatic adjustment can ensure that the surveying instrument body 1 maintains a stable balance state during the adjustment process, avoiding errors caused by human touch, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0035] At the same time, in order to further improve the stability of the splint 34 during movement, a telescopic member 7 is provided between the splint 34 and the top of the base 2, which is used to cooperate with the splint 34 to limit the position when moving. The telescopic member 7 includes a vertical plate 71 fixed on the top of the base 2, and a connecting tube 72 is fixed on the vertical plate 71. A moving block 73 is slid on the inner wall of the connecting tube 72, and a connecting rod 74 is fixed on the moving block 73. The connecting rod 74 extends to one end of the outside of the connecting tube 72 and is fixed on the splint 34. When the two-way threaded rod 4 rotates to drive the splint 34 to move, the connecting rod 74 will move accordingly, driving the moving block 73 to slide in the connecting tube 72, thereby providing effective limiting and support for the splint 34, improving the stability of the splint 34 during movement, and helping to cooperate with the surveying instrument body 1 to obtain more accurate and reliable measurement results.

[0036] Embodiment 3: Based on the above embodiment, refer to Figure 3-Figure 8 An air guide tube 75 is connected between the connecting tube 72 and the bottom of the connecting frame 35, an inlet and outlet 38 sliding with the protractor 36 is provided on the top of the connecting frame 35, an elastic member 8 is provided between the protractor 36 and the bottom wall of the connecting frame 35, the elastic member 8 includes a movable plate 81 fitted with the inner wall of the connecting frame 35, a pair of springs 82 are fixed between the bottom of the movable plate 81 and the bottom wall of the connecting frame 35, a pair of concave brackets 83 are fixed between the top of the movable plate 81 and the top of the protractor 36, when the movable plate 81 contacts the top wall of the connecting frame 35, the protractor 36 is located at the top of the connecting frame 35, when the movable plate 81 does not contact the top wall of the connecting frame 35, the top of the concave bracket 83 remains flush with the top of the inlet and outlet 38, and the protractor 36 is located inside the connecting frame 35.

[0037] With such a technical solution, when the clamping plate 34 moves in the opposite direction and away from the concave positioning seat 32, the clamping plate 34 will drive the moving block 73 connected to one end of the connecting rod 74 in the connecting frame 35 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting tube 72, and the compressed gas in the connecting tube 72 is transported to the inside of the connecting frame 35 through the air guide tube 75. At this time, the gas pressure entering the connecting frame 35 is greater than the elastic force of the spring 82, which can be used to drive the moving plate 81 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting frame 35. As the moving plate 81 rises, the concave bracket 83 drives the protractor 36 to rise together until the moving plate 81 contacts the top wall of the connecting frame 35. At this time, the protractor 36 is completely extended out of the connecting frame 35, ready to cooperate with the pointer 37 to measure the angle.

[0038] When the clamping plate 34 moves toward each other and contacts the concave positioning seat 32, the clamping plate 34 will pull the moving block 73 connected to one end of the connecting rod 74 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting tube 72 toward the other end of the connecting tube 72. This sliding action causes the gas originally compressed in the connecting tube 72 to enter the connecting frame 35, and then be sucked into the interior of the connecting tube 72 through the air guide pipe 75, so that the gas pressure in the connecting frame 35 gradually decreases. When the gas pressure drops below the elastic force of the spring 82, the spring 82 begins to play a role, pushing the moving plate 81 to slide downward along the inner wall of the connecting frame 35. As the moving plate 81 descends, the concave bracket 83 connected to it and the protractor 36 installed on the concave bracket 83 also descend. This process continues until the moving plate 81 is completely pushed back to its initial position in the connecting frame 35 by the spring 82, and the protractor 36 is also completely retracted into the connecting frame 35, completing the entire process from extension to retraction. This design allows the protractor 36 to be safely hidden in the connecting frame 35 when it is not needed to cooperate with the pointer 37, which not only prevents its surface from fading or aging due to long-term light exposure, but also effectively blocks dust and tiny particles in the air from adhering to the protractor 36, thereby maintaining the clarity of its scale and the accuracy of measurement. At the same time, the connecting frame 35 can also provide certain protection for the protractor 36 to prevent it from being accidentally hit or damaged.

[0039] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which are equivalent modifications and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping, comprising: A surveying and mapping instrument body (1) and a base (2) arranged below the surveying and mapping instrument body (1), characterized in that it also includes: A support plate (3) is vertically fixed at the top center of the base (2), a connecting shaft (31) is rotatably provided on the support plate (3), a corresponding concave positioning seat (32) vertically located above the support plate (3) is fixed on the connecting shaft (31), a balancing component (33) is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat (32) and the bottom of the surveying instrument body (1), a pair of slidable clamping plates (34) are provided on the connecting shaft (31), a connecting frame (35) is fixed on one side of the clamping plate (34) close to the end of the connecting shaft (31), a protractor (36) is connected to the top of the connecting frame (35), and a pointer (37) cooperating with the protractor (36) is fixed on the end of the connecting shaft (31); When the two clamping plates (34) move in opposite directions to a preset position, the clamping plates (34) and the concave positioning seat (32) are in a non-contact state; When the two clamping plates (34) move towards each other to a preset position, the clamping plates (34) and the concave positioning seat (32) are in a contact state.

2. A surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing assembly (33) comprises a horizontal plate (331) fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat (32) and the bottom of the surveying instrument body (1), a pair of suspension ropes (332) are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate (331), and a counterweight block (333) is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rope (332).

3. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bidirectional threaded rod (4) is rotatably connected to the support plate (3), the clamping plate (34) is threadably connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (4), a mounting groove (5) is provided on the support plate (3), and a rotating mechanism (6) is provided in the mounting groove (5) for driving the bidirectional threaded rod (4) to rotate.

4. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (6) comprises a driving part (61) mounted on the bottom wall of the mounting groove (5); a first bevel gear (62) is fixed to the output end of the driving part (61); a matching second bevel gear (63) is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear (62); and the second bevel gear (63) is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod (4).

5. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: A telescopic member (7) is provided between the clamping plate (34) and the top of the base (2) for cooperating with the clamping plate (34) to limit the position when moving.

6. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic member (7) comprises a vertical plate (71) fixed on the top of the base (2), a connecting tube (72) being fixed on the vertical plate (71), a moving block (73) slidingly arranged on the inner wall of the connecting tube (72), a connecting rod (74) being fixed on the moving block (73), and one end of the connecting rod (74) extending to the outside of the connecting tube (72) being fixed on the clamping plate (34).

7. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 6, characterized in that: An air guide tube (75) is connected between the connecting tube (72) and the bottom of the connecting frame (35); an inlet and outlet (38) that slides with the protractor (36) is provided on the top of the connecting frame (35); and an elastic member (8) is provided between the protractor (36) and the bottom wall of the connecting frame (35).

8. The engineering surveying and mapping instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that: The elastic member (8) comprises a movable plate (81) fitted with the inner wall of the connecting frame (35), a pair of springs (82) are fixed between the bottom of the movable plate (81) and the bottom wall of the connecting frame (35), and a pair of concave brackets (83) are fixed between the top of the movable plate (81) and the top of the protractor (36).

9. The engineering surveying and mapping instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the movable plate (81) contacts the top wall of the connecting frame (35), the protractor (36) is located on the top of the connecting frame (35).

10. The engineering surveying and mapping instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the movable plate (81) is not in contact with the top wall of the connecting frame (35), the top of the concave bracket (83) remains flush with the top of the inlet and outlet (38), and the protractor (36) is located inside the connecting frame (35).

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