Water surface evaporation measuring system for quantitative water replenishing and draining of piston pump

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of water surface evaporation monitoring of meteorological and hydrological science, and particularly relates to a water surface evaporation measuring system for quantitative water replenishing and drainage of a piston pump. The system comprises a piston pump quantitative water replenishing device, a piston pump quantitative drainage device, an evaporation barrel, a water ring, a laser water level measuring unit, an MCU microprocessor, a rain gauge, a GPRS unit, an upper computer, a water storage pond, a logic gate switch and a direct-current power supply. The device has the beneficial effects that a set of piston pump quantitative water replenishing device and a set of piston pump quantitative drainage device are adopted, water of a quantitative volume is pumped every time, water is quickly replenished or drained to the evaporation barrel, the water surface of the evaporation barrel can rise or fall by a certain height, and the water surface of the evaporation barrel is kept on a water surface marker line; the number of times of water replenishing or water draining is recorded and multiplied by the single extraction amount, so that the evaporation capacity is conveniently calculated; the quantitative water replenishing and draining device of the piston pump is high in pumping and draining speed and short in pumping and draining time, and the comparability of water surface evaporation capacity data of all water surface evaporation stations is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of water surface evaporation monitoring in meteorology and hydrology, and in particular relates to a water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage by a piston pump. Background Art

[0002] Water surface evaporation is an important scientific data in agriculture, meteorology and hydrology. The difficulty in measuring water surface evaporation is the measurement of evaporation on rainy days, mainly the measurement of the overflow of the evaporation bucket on rainy days; the current methods are: manual cylinder measurement of the overflow bucket, followed by flow meter or level meter measurement of water pumped out by the water pump, which has low measurement accuracy, complex equipment and difficult control; in addition, the water surface evaporates when it is not raining, and water cannot be accurately and quantitatively replenished; the different standards for manual water replenishment of the evaporation bucket lead to poor comparability of water surface evaporation measurement data at various evaporation stations. There is an urgent need for a water surface evaporation measurement device with simple structure, accurate measurement, high degree of automation and good comparability. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problem that the water surface evaporation measurement device requires accurate measurement, the present invention uses a piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device to solve the problem of accurate measurement of water replenishment and drainage of the water surface evaporation measurement device.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is a water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage by a piston pump, the system comprising a piston pump quantitative water replenishment device, a piston pump quantitative drainage device, an evaporation barrel, a water circle, a laser water level measurement unit, an MCU microprocessor, a rain gauge, a GPRS unit, a host computer, a water storage tank, a logic gate switch and a DC power supply;

[0005] The piston pump quantitative water supply device and the piston pump quantitative water discharge device have the same structure. The present invention is described with the piston pump quantitative water supply device as an example.

[0006] The piston pump quantitative water replenishment device adopts a section of aluminum square tube as the basic frame. The wide plane of the aluminum square tube is the upper and lower sides, and the narrow plane is the front and back sides. A rectangular window is opened in the center of the front and back sides of the aluminum square tube. A piston movement window is opened in the center and on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube. The length of the window is half of the overall length of the rectangular aluminum square tube. The worm gear reduction motor and the conductive ring switch are installed on the lower right plane outside the aluminum square tube. The guide rail slider and the crank connecting rod reciprocating motion parts are installed from left to right along the center line of the bottom plane inside the aluminum square tube. The hydraulic cylinder is installed from right to left along the center line on the upper plane of the aluminum square tube. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the middle port of the three-way, and the upper port of the three-way is connected to a one-way valve in an upward direction. The one-way valve is a one-way valve for pumping liquid out; the lower port of the three-way is connected to a one-way valve in an upward direction. The one-way valve is a one-way valve for pumping liquid in;

[0007] The worm gear reduction motor is a motor plus a worm gear reducer. The output power is perpendicular to the direction of the motor power. The output power shaft is a through shaft, and the upper and lower ends of the through shaft output power at the same time. Inside the aluminum square tube, a crank is installed on the upper end of the through shaft of the worm gear reduction motor. Every time the through shaft rotates one circle, it drives the crank connecting rod slider to reciprocate one round trip along the guide rail, and the high shaft of the slider drives the piston in the hydraulic cylinder to move one round trip. Initially, the piston moves from the right stop point to the left stop point, pulling and sucking in liquid; after the piston moves to the left stop point, it starts to move in the opposite direction, squeezing and pushing out the liquid; the piston in the hydraulic cylinder moves from the right stop point to the left stop point, the liquid inlet one-way valve at the lower end of the three-way at the bottom of the piston is turned on, and the liquid outlet one-way valve at the upper end of the three-way is closed, and the cylinder body sucks in liquid; when the piston in the hydraulic cylinder moves to the left stop point and starts to move in the opposite direction, the liquid inlet one-way valve at the lower end of the three-way is closed, and the liquid outlet one-way valve at the upper end of the three-way is turned on, and the liquid is discharged.

[0008] The amount of water replenishment required each time is equal to the cylinder diameter area of ​​the hydraulic cylinder multiplied by the piston stroke, which determines the distance between the two ends of the crank shaft; the larger the distance between the two ends of the crank shaft, the larger the piston stroke, and the larger the pumping volume each time; select the appropriate hydraulic cylinder according to the required pumping volume;

[0009] The length of the aluminum square tube section is more than twice the length of the hydraulic cylinder; rectangular windows are provided on the front and rear planes of the aluminum square tube section to facilitate the installation of internal parts of the aluminum square tube; the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed in the middle position on the right side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube section, and the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder piston coincides with the center line of the aluminum square tube; a rectangular piston movement window is provided on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube section, and the length of the piston movement window is greater than the piston movement distance;

[0010] Five through holes with the same interval are drilled on the left side of the center line of the lower left plane inside the aluminum square tube section, and a guide rail is installed along the line connecting the five through holes. The length of the guide rail is greater than the movement distance of the hydraulic cylinder piston. Five bolts are used to fix the guide rail on the center line of the lower left plane inside the aluminum square tube, and the direction of the guide rail coincides with the direction of the center line of the aluminum square tube. A slider is installed on the guide rail, and a high shaft is installed on the slider. The high shaft extends out of the piston movement window and moves left and right along the guide rail.

[0011] A through hole for the worm gear motor shaft is set along the center line of the lower plane in the aluminum square tube, starting from the right side of the aluminum square tube section and minus the crank length, and a through hole is punched at the position of the fixing screw hole of the worm gear motor on the lower plane of the aluminum square tube; the upper end of the through hole of the worm gear motor shaft passes through the through hole at the bottom of the aluminum square tube, and four fixing screws of the worm gear motor are installed in the through holes on the inner side of the aluminum square tube, and the worm gear motor is attached to the outer bottom of the aluminum square tube and fixed to the aluminum square tube as a whole;

[0012] Three through holes are drilled around the through hole of the worm gear motor shaft on the lower plane of the aluminum square tube, corresponding to the fixed disk fixing bolt positions of the conductive ring switch; the conductive ring switch fixed disk is connected and fixed to the aluminum square tube with three bolts, and the conductive ring switch is fixed on the fixed disk; the worm gear motor shaft is connected to the coupling downward, the coupling is connected to the conductive ring switch shaft, and the worm gear motor shaft drives the conductive ring switch shaft to rotate;

[0013] The function of the conductive ring switch is to cooperate with the electronic control unit to control the worm gear motor shaft to rotate accurately only one circle each time; the conductive ring switch includes a superior arc-shaped conductive ring and a rotating contact tongue. The rotating contact tongue is installed at the center of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring. The rotating contact tongue is mechanically connected to the lower end of the worm gear motor shaft and rotates coaxially; the inferior arc 0 to 30 degrees is the disconnection position of the conductive ring switch, and the conductive position of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring is 30 to 360 degrees of the superior arc. The starting and ending points of the rotating contact tongue are both within the superior arc of the conductive ring. The rotating contact tongue at about 0 degrees outside the ring is disconnected from the fixed position of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring; the rotating contact tongue is connected to the superior arc-shaped conductive ring in a circuit between 30 degrees and 360 degrees; the relay includes a normally open contact and a normally closed contact; when the relay is energized, the normally open contact is closed, the normally closed contact is disconnected, and the worm gear reduction motor rotates; when the relay is powered off, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor brakes and quickly stops rotating, and the worm gear reduction motor shaft accurately rotates 360 degrees;

[0014] The shaft through hole at one end of the crank is fixed to the upper end of the worm gear reduction motor shaft, and a length adjustment groove is set at the other end of the crank along the center line of the crank. The crank cam can move in the crank adjustment groove, and then tighten the crank cam lock nut to fine-tune the crank length; the crank cam is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is mechanically connected to the high shaft on the slider, and the high shaft is fixed on the slider; the worm gear reduction motor shaft rotates 360 degrees accurately each time and stops; the worm gear reduction motor rotates to drive the crank to rotate one circle, and the crank cam at the other end of the crank drives the connecting rod and the slider to make a reciprocating motion along the guide rail direction, and the slider moves from the rightmost end to the leftmost end, and then returns to the rightmost end;

[0015] Fine-tuning of water replenishment: After the crank cam moves in the crank adjustment slot, the crank cam locking nut is locked to fine-tune the crank length to fine-tune the piston movement stroke to achieve precise quantitative water replenishment. The slider high shaft is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing at the top of the hydraulic cylinder piston on the upper plane of the aluminum square tube. The slider high shaft drives the piston to pull first and then squeeze and push; when the piston is pulled, the liquid outlet check valve is closed, the liquid inlet check valve is opened, and water is pumped from the water tank; when the piston is squeezed and pushed, the liquid outlet check valve is opened, the liquid inlet check valve is closed, and the water is discharged to the evaporation barrel;

[0016] The positive pole of the DC power supply is electrically connected to the superior arc-shaped conductive ring of the conductive ring switch, the MCU microprocessor logic gate and the normally open contact of the relay, the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch and the MCU microprocessor logic gate are electrically connected to the relay, the normally open contact of the relay is electrically connected to the worm gear reduction motor and the normally closed contact of the relay, and the normally closed contact of the relay, the worm gear reduction motor and the relay are electrically connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply;

[0017] A travel switch is arranged at the lower front part of the left side of the aluminum square tube, and the travel switch is electrically connected to the MCU microprocessor; when the slider is not at the leftmost end, the travel switch is closed; when the slider moves to the leftmost end, the metal body of the slider approaches the travel switch, and the travel switch is turned on; when the slider moves away from the leftmost end, the travel switch is closed again, and one pulse is traveled, and the MCU microprocessor records one water replenishment;

[0018] Water surface evaporation measurement system for piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage: piston pump quantitative water replenishment device, piston pump quantitative drainage device, evaporation barrel, water circle, laser water level measurement unit, MCU microprocessor, rain gauge, GPRS unit, host computer, DC power supply and water storage tank. The evaporation barrel is on the left, and a laser water level measurement unit is set above the evaporation barrel. The laser water level measurement unit is electrically connected to the MCU microprocessor, and the MCU microprocessor is electrically connected to the host computer and the GPRS unit; the DC power supply supplies power to all electrical equipment; the evaporation barrel is surrounded by a water circle, and the water storage tank is on the right;

[0019] Quantitative water supply pipeline for evaporation barrel: the pipeline with filter in the water storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet check valve of the piston pump quantitative water supply device, and the liquid outlet check valve pipeline of the piston pump quantitative water supply device is connected to the evaporation barrel;

[0020] Quantitative drainage pipeline of evaporating barrel: the pipeline with filter in the evaporating barrel is connected to the liquid inlet check valve of the piston pump quantitative drainage device, and the liquid outlet check valve pipeline of the piston pump quantitative drainage device is connected to the water storage tank;

[0021] The piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device of the present invention can complete the replenishment or drainage of the evaporation barrel once in 10 seconds by one pumping and one pushing of the piston, and is particularly suitable for quantitative drainage of the evaporation barrel in heavy rain or rainstorm.

[0022] A water surface evaporation measurement system with a piston pump for quantitative water replenishment and drainage. Working description:

[0023] The evaporation barrel is a cylinder with a diameter of 61.8 cm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the evaporation barrel is 3000 square centimeters; the evaporation of the water surface causes the water surface of the evaporation barrel to drop by 0.5 mm, and the corresponding evaporated water volume is 150 ml; the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder and the stroke of the piston determine the one-time water replenishment amount of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device; the one-time drainage amount of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device selected by the present invention is 150 ml; the diameter of the cylinder body is 4.0 cm, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder body is 3.14*2*2, and the stroke of the piston is equal to 150 / (3.14*2*2)=11.94 cm;

[0024] The shaft through hole at one end of the crank is fixed to the upper end of the shaft of the worm gear reduction motor, and a crank length adjustment groove is set at the other end of the crank along the center line of the crank; the convex shaft has a shape similar to a gyroscope, with a disc in the middle, a convex shaft at the upper end, and a cylinder with threads milled off on both sides at the lower end, and the thickness of the cylinder with threads milled off on both sides is adapted to the width of the crank adjustment groove; the cylinder with threads milled off on both sides is inserted into the crank adjustment groove, and a nut is installed and tightened to fix the convex shaft;

[0025] The distance from the cam to the shaft through hole at one end of the crank is the rotation radius of the crank; the cam is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is mechanically connected to the high shaft on the slider, and the high shaft is fixed on the slider; the position of the cam in the crank adjustment groove can be fine-tuned to fine-tune the crank rotation radius, fine-tune the slider stroke, and fine-tune the piston stroke;

[0026] The worm gear motor shaft rotates accurately 360 degrees each time; the worm gear motor rotates to drive the crank to rotate one circle, and the crank cam at the other end of the crank drives the connecting rod and the slider to make a reciprocating motion along the guide rail; the cam moves in the crank adjustment slot and locks the crank cam locking nut to fine-tune the crank length, which is used to fine-tune the piston movement stroke to 11.94 cm, and accurately and quantitatively pump 150 ml;

[0027] The piston of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device is mechanically connected to the linear reciprocating motion device; the worm gear reduction motor of the linear reciprocating motion device adopts a 6-rpm DC worm gear reduction motor. The worm gear reduction motor rotates one circle in 10 seconds, and the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device performs one extraction and discharge; therefore, the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device extracts and discharges once in 10 seconds, which can make the water level of the evaporation barrel rise by 0.5mm; the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch rotates coaxially with the worm gear reduction motor; the starting point and end point of the conductive ring switch are 360 ​​degrees of the optimal arc conductive ring, that is, about 0 degrees, and the rotating contact tongue is not connected to the optimal arc conductive ring position, and the conductive ring switch is disconnected from 0 degrees to 30 degrees. Control principle: the initial state of the conductive ring switch is that the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch is in the disconnected position of about 0 degrees, the worm gear reduction motor is powered off and does not start, the MCU microprocessor sends a 3-second pulse, the logic gate switch is turned on, the relay J is energized, the normally open contact is connected, the normally closed contact is disconnected, and the worm gear reduction motor starts;

[0028] Within 3 seconds, the worm gear reduction motor has rotated 108 degrees, the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor is connected with the superior arc-shaped conductive ring, and the relay coil remains connected; after 3 seconds, the MCU microprocessor program controls the logic gate switch to be disconnected, but the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch is connected with the superior arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay coil remains connected, and the worm gear reduction motor continues to rotate;

[0029] When the worm gear reduction motor rotates to 360 degrees and the super-optimal arc-shaped conductive ring is not connected to the starting position of the rotating contact tongue, the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor is disconnected from the super-optimal arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay is disconnected due to power shortage, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor is powered off and brakes to stop rotation, and the output shaft of the worm gear reduction motor accurately rotates 360 degrees to stop; the normally open contact and normally closed contact of the relay constitute a pair of self-locking switches of the worm gear reduction motor; the normally closed contact is connected in parallel with the worm gear reduction motor coil to act as a brake.

[0030] The benefit of the present invention is that a set of piston pump quantitative water replenishment device and a set of piston pump quantitative drainage device are used to extract a quantitative volume of water each time to quickly replenish or drain the evaporation barrel, which can make the water level of the evaporation barrel rise or fall to a certain height, so that the water level of the evaporation barrel is maintained on the water surface mark line; the number of water replenishment or drainage is recorded and multiplied by the single extraction amount, so as to facilitate the calculation of the evaporation amount; the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device of the present invention has a fast extraction and drainage speed and a short time, which can stabilize the water surface of the E601 water surface evaporation barrel within 0.5 mm above and below the water surface mark line, and improve the comparability of the water surface evaporation data of each water surface evaporation station. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1The present invention is a structural diagram of a piston pump quantitative water replenishment device of a water surface evaporation measurement system for a piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage.

[0032] Figure 2 The invention discloses a control circuit diagram of a piston pump quantitative water replenishment device of a water surface evaporation measurement system for a piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage.

[0033] Figure 3 The overall structure diagram of a water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage using a piston pump.

[0034] In the figure: 24, evaporation barrel, 25, water circle, 26, laser water level measurement unit, 27, rain gauge, 28, host computer, 29, GPRS unit, 30, MCU microprocessor, 31, logic gate switch, 33, evaporation barrel water suction pipe, 34, evaporation barrel water supply pipe, 37, water storage tank, 35, water storage tank pumping pipe, 36, evaporation barrel drainage pipe, 38, DC power supply, 100, piston pump quantitative water supply device, 200, piston pump quantitative drainage device; 101, conductive ring switch, 101.1, rotating contact tongue, 101.2, excellent arc conductive ring, 102, fixed disk, 103, coupling, 104, worm gear reduction motor, 104.1, worm gear 104.2, worm gear motor shaft, 104.3, worm gear motor fixing screw, 105, crank adjustment slot, 106, fixing bolt, 107, guide rail, 108, slider, 109, crank cam lock nut, 110, aluminum square tube, 111, crank, 112, crank cam, 113, connecting rod, 114, slider high shaft, 115, fisheye bearing, 116, piston, 117, hydraulic cylinder, 118 / 218, liquid outlet check valve, 119 / 219, three-way, 120 / 220, liquid inlet check valve, 121, relay, 121.1, normally open contact, 121.2, normally closed contact, 122, travel switch; Specific implementation methods

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings of the specification to explain the specific implementation of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device, taking the evaporation barrel water replenishment as an example in detail; a water surface evaporation measurement system for piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage, such as Figure 3 As shown, the system comprises a piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100), a piston pump quantitative drainage device (200), an evaporation barrel (24), a water circle (25), a laser water level measurement unit (26), a rain gauge (27), a GPRS unit (29), a host computer (28), an MCU microprocessor (30), a water storage tank (37), a logic gate switch (31) and a DC power supply (38); the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100) and the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) have the same structure, and the present invention is described with reference to the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100);

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device uses a section of aluminum square tube (110) as a basic frame, the wide plane of the aluminum square tube (110) is the upper and lower sides, and the narrow plane is the front and rear sides. A rectangular window is arranged in the center of the front and rear sides of the aluminum square tube (110), and a piston movement window is arranged in the center and on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110), and the length of the window is half of the overall length of the rectangular aluminum square tube (110); a worm gear reduction motor (104) and a conductive ring switch (101) are installed on the lower right plane outside the aluminum square tube (110), and a worm gear reduction motor (104) and a conductive ring switch (101) are installed along the aluminum square tube (110). The guide rail (107), the slider (108) and the crank (111) connecting rod reciprocating motion parts are installed from left to right on the center line of the bottom plane inside the tube (110); the hydraulic cylinder (117) is installed from right to left on the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110) along the center line; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (117) is connected to the middle port of the three-way (119); the upper port of the three-way (119) is connected to a one-way valve in an upward direction, which is a liquid outlet one-way valve (118); the lower port of the three-way (119) is connected to a one-way valve in an upward direction, which is a liquid inlet one-way valve (120);

[0038] The worm gear reduction motor (104) is a motor + worm gear reducer, the output power is perpendicular to the motor power direction, the output power shaft is a through shaft, and the upper and lower ends of the through shaft output power simultaneously; inside the aluminum square tube (110), a crank (111) is installed on the upper (104.2) end of the worm gear reduction motor through shaft, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) through shaft rotates one circle, driving the crank (111) and the connecting rod slider (108) to reciprocate from right to left along the guide rail (107), and the slider (108) is high The shaft (1 14) drives the piston (116) in the hydraulic cylinder (117) to move back and forth, first pulling in the liquid and then squeezing and pushing out the liquid; when the piston in the hydraulic cylinder (117) pulls in the liquid, the liquid inlet check valve (120) at the lower end of the three-way (119) is opened, and the liquid outlet check valve (118) at the upper end of the three-way (119) is closed; when the piston in the hydraulic cylinder (117) compresses the liquid to be discharged, the liquid inlet check valve (120) at the lower end of the three-way (119) is closed, and the liquid outlet check valve (118) at the upper end of the three-way (119) is opened;

[0039] The amount of water required each time is 150 ml, the cylinder diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (117) is 4 cm, the distance between the two ends of the crank (111) is determined to be 11.94 / 2 cm, and the piston stroke is 11.94 cm;

[0040] The length of the aluminum square tube (110) section is more than twice the length of the hydraulic cylinder (117); rectangular windows are provided on the front and rear planes of the aluminum square tube (110) section to facilitate the installation of internal parts of the aluminum square tube (110); the hydraulic cylinder (117) is fixedly installed at a central position on the right side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110) section, and the axial direction of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (117) coincides with the center line of the aluminum square tube (110); a rectangular piston movement window is provided on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110) section, and the length of the piston movement window is greater than the piston movement distance;

[0041] Five through holes are drilled at the same interval on the left side of the center line of the left lower plane inside the aluminum square tube (110), and a guide rail (107) is installed along the line connecting the five through holes, wherein the length of the guide rail (107) is greater than the piston movement distance of the hydraulic cylinder (117); the guide rail (107) is fixed on the center line of the left lower plane inside the aluminum square tube (110) by five bolts, and the direction of the guide rail (107) coincides with the direction of the center line of the aluminum square tube (110); a slider (108) is installed on the guide rail (107), and a high shaft (114) is installed on the slider (108), and the top end of the high shaft (114) extends out of the piston movement window, moves from right to left along the guide rail (107), reaches the leftmost end, and then returns to the rightmost end;

[0042] A through-shaft through hole of the worm gear reduction motor (104) is arranged along the center line of the lower plane in the aluminum square tube (110), starting from the right side of the aluminum square tube (110) section, minus the length of the crank (111), and four through holes are drilled in the lower plane of the aluminum square tube (110) at positions corresponding to the fixing screw holes of the worm gear reduction motor (104); the upper end of the through-shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) passes through the through hole at the bottom of the aluminum square tube (110), and four fixing screws (104.3) of the worm gear reduction motor (104) are installed in the through holes on the inner side of the aluminum square tube (110), and the worm gear reduction motor (104) is attached to the bottom of the aluminum square tube (110) and fixed to the aluminum square tube (110) as a whole;

[0043] Three through holes are drilled around the through hole of the worm gear reduction motor (104) on the lower plane of the aluminum square tube (110) at positions corresponding to the fixing bolts of the fixed disk (102); the fixed disk (102) and the aluminum square tube (110) are connected and fixed by three bolts (106), and the conductive ring switch (101) is fixed on the fixed disk (102); the through shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) passes downward through the through hole in the center of the fixed disk (102) to connect to the coupling (103), the coupling (103) is connected to the rotating shaft of the conductive ring switch (101), and the lower end (104.1) of the through shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) drives the rotating shaft of the conductive ring switch (101) to rotate;

[0044] The function of the conductive ring switch (101) is to cooperate with the electric control unit to control the worm gear reduction motor (104) through shaft to accurately rotate only one circle each time; the conductive ring switch (101) comprises an arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2) and a rotating contact tongue (101.1), and the rotating contact tongue (101.1) is mechanically connected to the rotating shaft of the conductive ring switch (101); the rotating contact tongue (101.1) is installed at the center of the arc-shaped conductive ring, and the rotating contact tongue (101.1) rotates 0-360 degrees at the center of the arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2); From 0 to 30 degrees, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) does not contact the superior arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), which is the disconnected position of the conductive ring switch (101); from 30 to 360 degrees, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) contacts the superior arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), which is the conductive position of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring; the starting point and the end point of the rotating contact tongue are both at the 0 degree position outside the superior arc-shaped conductive ring, at which time the rotating contact tongue and the superior arc-shaped conductive ring are in the disconnected position; the rotating contact tongue is connected to the superior arc-shaped conductive ring in a circuit between 30 and 360 degrees;

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the relay (121) has a normally open contact (121.1) and a normally closed contact (121.2); when the MCU microprocessor controls the logic gate switch (31) to send a pulse with a width of 3 seconds, the relay (121) is energized; when the relay is energized, the normally open contact (121.1) is closed, the normally closed contact (121.2) is disconnected, the positive pole of the DC power supply, the normally open contact (121.1), the worm gear reduction motor (104), and the negative pole of the DC power supply are connected, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) is turned on. The motor (104) rotates more than 30 degrees; the rotating contact tongue is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay remains energized, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) continues to rotate; when the rotating contact tongue rotates to 360 degrees, the rotating contact tongue is disconnected from the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay is powered off, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor (104) brakes and quickly stops rotating, the worm gear reduction motor (104) through shaft accurately rotates 360 degrees, returns to the zero point again, and waits for the next rotation;

[0046] A shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is fixed to the upper end of the shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104); a length adjustment groove is arranged at the other end of the crank (111) along the center line of the crank (111); the crank (111) convex shaft is movable in the crank (111) adjustment groove, and after tightening the crank (111) convex shaft locking nut (109), the length of the crank (111) can be finely adjusted; the crank (111) convex shaft is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the slider (1 08), the high shaft (114) is mechanically connected to the slider (108); the worm gear reduction motor (104) stops after accurately rotating 360 degrees each time; the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates to drive the crank (111) to rotate one circle, and the crank cam (112) at the other end of the crank drives the connecting rod (113) and the slider (108) to make a reciprocating motion along the guide rail, and the slider moves from the rightmost end to the leftmost end and then returns to the rightmost end;

[0047] After the crank cam moves in the crank (111) adjustment groove, the crank (111) cam lock nut (109) is locked, and the length between the two axes of the crank (111) is fine-tuned to fine-tune the piston movement stroke, so as to achieve accurate quantitative water replenishment;

[0048] The upper shaft (114) of the slider (108) is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing at the top of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (117) on the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110). The upper shaft (114) of the slider (108) drives the piston to first pull and then push. When the piston is pulled, the liquid outlet check valve (118) is closed, the liquid inlet check valve (120) is opened, and water is pumped from the water storage tank (37) to the hydraulic cylinder. When the piston is pushed, the liquid outlet check valve (118) is opened, the liquid inlet check valve (120) is closed, and the discharged water is replenished to the evaporation barrel (24).

[0049] The positive electrode of the DC power supply (38) is electrically connected to the superior arc-shaped conductive ring of the conductive ring switch (101), the logic gate switch (31) and the normally open contact of the relay (121); the rotating contact tongue (101.1) of the conductive ring switch (101) and the logic gate switch (31) are electrically connected to the relay; the normally open contact (121.1) of the relay is electrically connected to the worm gear reduction motor (104) and the normally closed contact (121.2) of the relay; the normally closed contact (121.2) of the relay, the worm gear reduction motor (104) and the relay (121) are electrically connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply (38);

[0050] A travel switch (122) is arranged at the lower front portion of the left side of the aluminum square tube (110), and the travel switch (122) is electrically connected to the MCU microprocessor (30); when the slider (108) moves to the leftmost end, the metal body of the slider (108) approaches the travel switch (122), and the travel switch is turned on; when the slider (108) moves away from the leftmost end, the travel switch (122) is turned off again, and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one extraction;

[0051] Water surface evaporation measurement system with piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage: Figure 3 As shown, the left side of the system is an evaporation barrel (24), the evaporation barrel (24) is surrounded by a water circle (25), a laser water level measurement unit (26) is arranged above the evaporation barrel (24), the laser water level measurement unit (26) is electrically connected to an MCU microprocessor (30), the MCU microprocessor (30) is electrically connected to a rain gauge (27), a GPRS unit (29), a host computer (28), and a logic gate switch A (31); a DC power supply (38) supplies power to all electrical devices; and the logic gate switch (31) is electrically connected to a relay (121);

[0052] Evaporation barrel water supply pipeline: one end of the evaporation barrel water supply pipeline (34) is connected to the evaporation barrel, the other end of the evaporation barrel water supply pipeline (34) is connected to the liquid outlet check valve (118) of the piston pump quantitative water supply device (100), the liquid inlet check valve (120) of the piston pump quantitative water supply device (100), the liquid inlet check valve (120) is connected to the water storage tank pumping pipeline (35) with a filter, and the water storage tank pumping pipeline (35) with a filter is inserted into the water storage tank (37);

[0053] Evaporation barrel drainage pipeline: one end of the evaporation barrel water absorption pipeline (33) with a filter is inserted into the evaporation barrel, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet check valve (220) of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200), the liquid outlet check valve (218) of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) is connected to the evaporation barrel drainage pipeline (36), and the evaporation barrel drainage pipeline (36) is connected to the water storage tank (37). Working description of the water surface evaporation measurement system of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage of the present invention:

[0054] The standard evaporation barrel (24) is a cylinder with a diameter of 618 mm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the evaporation barrel (24) is 3000 square centimeters; the evaporation of the water surface causes the water surface of the evaporation barrel (24) to drop by 0.5 mm, and the corresponding evaporated water volume is 150 ml; the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (117) and the stroke of the piston determine the one-time water replenishment amount of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device;

[0055] The shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is fixed to the upper end of the shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104), and the other end of the crank (111) is provided with a crank (111) length adjustment groove along the center line of the crank (111); the upper end of the convex shaft is a convex shaft, and the lower end is a cylinder with threads milled off on both sides, and the thickness of the cylinder with threads milled off on both sides is adapted to the width of the crank adjustment groove (105); the cylinder with threads milled off on both sides is inserted into the crank adjustment groove (105), and then a nut (109) is installed and tightened to fix the position of the convex shaft;

[0056] The distance from the convex shaft to the shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is the rotation radius of the crank (111); the convex shaft is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is mechanically connected to the high shaft (114) on the slider (108), and the high shaft (114) is fixed on the slider (108); the crank (111) is fine-tuned to adjust the position of the convex shaft in the groove, and the rotation radius and the stroke of the slider (108) can be fine-tuned; the displacement of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device is 150 ml at a time; the diameter of the cylinder body is 4.0 cm, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder body is 3.14*2*2, and the stroke of the piston is equal to 150 / (3 .14*2*2)=11.94 cm; the worm gear reduction motor (104) through shaft accurately rotates 360 degrees each time; the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates to drive the crank (111) to rotate one circle, and the crank (111) cam at the other end of the crank (111) drives the connecting rod and the slider (108) to make a reciprocating motion along the guide rail (107); the cam moves in the crank (111) adjustment groove and then locks the crank (111) cam locking nut (109), fine-tuning the length of the crank (111) to fine-tune the piston movement stroke to 11.94 cm, and accurately and quantitatively pumping 150 ml;

[0057] The piston of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device is mechanically connected to the linear reciprocating motion device; the worm gear reduction motor (104) of the linear reciprocating motion device adopts a 6-rpm DC worm gear reduction motor (104); the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates one circle in 10 seconds, and the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device performs one extraction and discharge; therefore, the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device extracts and discharges once in 10 seconds, which can make the water level of the evaporating barrel (24) rise by 0.5 mm; the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) rotates coaxially with the worm gear reduction motor (104); the conductive ring switch (10 1) The starting point and the end point are at 360 degrees of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring, that is, about 0 degrees, the rotating contact tongue is not connected to the superior arc-shaped conductive ring position, and the conductive ring switch (101) is disconnected from 0 degrees to 30 degrees; control principle: in the initial state of the conductive ring switch (101), the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) is at the disconnected position of about 0 degrees, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) is powered off and does not start; the MCU microprocessor (30) controls the logic gate switch (31) to send a 3-second pulse, the relay J (121) is closed, the normally open contact is connected, the normally closed contact is disconnected, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) is started;

[0058] Within 3 seconds, the worm gear reduction motor (104) has rotated 108 degrees. At this time, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) of the conductive ring switch (101) coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor (104) is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), and the relay remains connected; after 3 seconds, the logic gate switch (31) is disconnected, but the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay (121) coil remains connected, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) continues to rotate;

[0059] When the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates to 360 degrees and reaches the starting position where the arc-shaped conductive ring is not connected to the rotating contact tongue, the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor (104) is disconnected from the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay is disconnected due to power shortage, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor (104) is powered off and braked to stop rotating, and the output shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) accurately rotates 360 degrees to stop; the normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the relay (121) constitute a pair of self-locking switches of the worm gear reduction motor (104); the normally closed contact is connected in parallel with the worm gear reduction motor (104) to play a braking and stopping role;

[0060] Initially, the water level in the evaporation barrel is above the water surface mark line (7.5 cm from the barrel mouth). On non-rainy days, the laser water level measurement unit (26) detects that the water level in the evaporation barrel drops to 0.5 mm from the water surface mark line due to evaporation. The MCU microprocessor (30) sends a 3-second output pulse to the logic gate switch A (31) of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100). The piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100) performs a water replenishment process of extracting 150 ml of water from the water storage tank (37) and replenishing it into the evaporation barrel (24). The travel switch (122) in the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100) sends a pulse feedback to the MCU microprocessor (30), and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one water replenishment. The water level in the evaporation barrel (24) rises and returns to the water surface mark line.

[0061] On rainy days, when the laser water level measurement unit (26) detects that the water level in the evaporation barrel rises to 0.5 mm above the water surface mark line due to rain, the MCU microprocessor (30) sends a 3-second output pulse to the logic gate switch of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200), and the drainage device B (200) performs a drainage process of extracting 150 ml of water from the evaporation barrel (24) and discharging it into the water storage tank (37). The travel switch in the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) sends a pulse feedback to the MCU microprocessor (30), and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one drainage; the water level in the evaporation barrel (24) drops and returns to the water surface mark line;

[0062] The MCU microprocessor (30) of the E601 quantitative pumping and drainage surface evaporation measurement device receives the measurement data of the laser water level measurement unit (26) and the rain gauge (27), receives the drainage and water replenishment times of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) and the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100), comprehensively calculates the evaporation of the water surface on rainy days and sunny days, and the upper computer (28) displays the evaporation and rainfall values ​​and can set control parameters. The GPRS unit (29) is responsible for remotely sending the data to the mobile terminal and the data center.

[0063] The water level of the water storage tank (37) is automatically replenished with water using a float valve; the water level of the water circle (25) is also automatically replenished with water using a float valve to be flush with the water surface mark line because the water level of the evaporation barrel (24) is controlled by a water replenishment and drainage device at 0.5MM above and below the water surface mark line. The overflow port of the water circle (25) is flush with the water surface mark line. On rainy days, the water level of the water circle (25) is also kept substantially flush with the water surface mark line;

[0064] The piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device has a fast water replenishment or drainage speed, a short time, and an accurate quantitative water replenishment and drainage volume. Two sets of hydraulic cylinder piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage devices are used, one set for quantitative water replenishment and one set for quantitative drainage. A 40mm diameter aluminum alloy hydraulic cylinder is selected, the piston stroke is 11.94cm, the crank radius is 5.97cm, and the crank cam is locked after fine adjustment of the crank adjustment groove. The quantitative water replenishment or drainage can be adjusted to an accuracy of 150ml, and the water level of the evaporation barrel can be raised by 0.5mm for one water replenishment and lowered by 0.5mm for one drainage. The accuracy of each water replenishment or drainage is less than 0.1ml, which is converted into an evaporation amount accuracy of less than 0.1%. The piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device can complete the quantitative water replenishment or drainage of the evaporation barrel (24) in 10 seconds by pulling and pushing the piston, and is particularly suitable for the quantitative drainage of the evaporation barrel (24) in heavy rain or rainstorm.

[0065] The present invention adopts a hydrostatic buoy laser water surface measuring device matched with a water surface evaporator in patent number ZL.232321042164.1, with a repeatability accuracy of 0.01mm; a magnetostrictive rain gauge is used as a rain gauge, with an accuracy of less than 0.05mm; and the precision of precise quantitative water replenishment and drainage is less than 0.1%. A piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device is used to accurately extract a certain amount of water each time and quantitatively discharge it once without intermediate pauses. It can replenish and drain water once or continuously. The continuous replenishment and drainage volume is N times the single replenishment and drainage volume, and the replenishment and drainage precision is less than 0.1%. The piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device piston draws and pushes, and the evaporation barrel (24) is quantitatively replenished or drained once in 10 seconds, which is particularly suitable for quantitative drainage of the evaporation barrel (24) in heavy rain or rainstorm; the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device of the present invention has a fast extraction or drainage speed and a short time, and can stabilize the water surface of the E601 water surface evaporation barrel within 0.5 mm above and below the water surface mark line.

[0066] The benefit of the present invention is that two sets of piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage devices are used to extract a quantitative volume of water each time, and the evaporation barrel is replenished or drained quickly, which can make the water level of the evaporation barrel rise or fall to a certain height at a time, so that the water level of the evaporation barrel is maintained on the water surface mark line; the number of times of replenishment or drainage is recorded and multiplied by the single extraction amount, so as to facilitate the calculation of daily evaporation; the piston pump quantitative water replenishment and drainage device of the present invention has a fast extraction or discharge speed and a short time, which can stabilize the water surface of the water surface evaporation barrel within 0.5 mm above and below the water surface mark line, and improve the comparability of water surface evaporation data of each evaporation station.

Claims

1. A water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage by a piston pump, characterized in that: The water surface evaporation measurement system comprises a piston pump quantitative water supply device (100), a piston pump quantitative drainage device (200), an evaporation barrel (24), a water circle (25), a laser water level measurement unit (26), a rain gauge (27), a GPRS unit (29), a host computer (28), an MCU microprocessor (30), a water storage tank (37), a logic gate switch (31) and a DC power supply (38); the piston pump quantitative water supply device (100) and the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) have the same structure; the piston pump quantitative water supply device (100) uses a section of aluminum square tube (110) as a basic frame, the wide plane of the aluminum square tube (110) is the upper and lower surfaces, and the narrow plane is the front and rear surfaces; a rectangular window is provided in the center of the front and rear surfaces of the aluminum square tube (110); a piston movement window is provided in the center and on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110); the length of the window is half of the overall length of the rectangular aluminum square tube (110); A worm gear reduction motor (104) and a conductive ring switch (101) are installed on the lower right surface of the square tube (110). A guide rail (107), a slider (108) and a crank (111) connecting rod reciprocating motion components are installed from left to right along the center line of the bottom surface of the aluminum square tube (110). A hydraulic cylinder (117) is installed on the upper surface of the aluminum square tube (110) along the center line from right to left. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (117) is connected to the middle port of a tee (119). The upper end of the tee (119) is connected to the middle port of the tee (119). The one-way valve connected to the three-way port (119) is an upward one-way valve, which is a liquid outlet one-way valve (118); the one-way valve connected to the lower port of the three-way port (119) is an upward one-way valve, which is a liquid inlet one-way valve (120); the worm gear reduction motor (104) is a motor plus a worm gear reducer, the output power is perpendicular to the motor power direction, the output power shaft is a through shaft, and the upper and lower ends of the through shaft output power at the same time; inside the aluminum square tube (110), the worm gear reduction motor through shaft (104.2) A crank (111) is installed at the end. When the shaft of the worm gear motor (104) rotates one circle, the crank (111) and the connecting rod slider (108) are driven to move back and forth from right to left along the guide rail (107). The slider (108) and the high shaft (114) drive the piston (116) in the hydraulic cylinder (117) to move back and forth, first pulling in the liquid and then pushing out the liquid. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder (117) pulls in the liquid, the liquid inlet check valve (120) at the lower end of the three-way (119) is turned on, and the liquid outlet check valve (118) at the upper end of the three-way (119) is closed. The piston in the hydraulic cylinder (117) is pressed. When the liquid is retracted, the liquid inlet check valve (120) at the lower end of the three-way (119) is closed, and the liquid outlet check valve (118) at the upper end of the three-way (119) is opened; the length of the aluminum square tube (110) section is more than twice the length of the hydraulic cylinder (117); rectangular windows are provided on the front and rear planes of the aluminum square tube (110) section to facilitate the installation of internal parts of the aluminum square tube (110); the hydraulic cylinder (117) is fixedly installed at the center position on the right side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110) section, and the axial direction of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (117) coincides with the center line of the aluminum square tube (110); a rectangular piston movement window is provided on the left side of the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110) section , the length of the piston movement window is greater than the piston movement distance; five through holes are drilled at the same interval on the left side of the center line of the left lower plane inside the aluminum square tube (110), and a guide rail (107) is installed along the line connecting the five through holes, and the length of the guide rail (107) is greater than the piston movement distance of the hydraulic cylinder (117); five bolts are used to fix the guide rail (107) on the center line of the left lower plane inside the aluminum square tube (110), and the direction of the guide rail (107) coincides with the direction of the center line of the aluminum square tube (110); a slider (108) is installed on the guide rail (107), and a high shaft (114) is installed on the slider (108), and the top of the high shaft (114) extends out of the piston The moving window moves from right to left along the guide rail (107), reaches the leftmost end, and then returns to the rightmost end; a through-shaft through hole of the worm gear reduction motor (104) is set along the center line of the lower plane inside the aluminum square tube (110), from the right side of the aluminum square tube (110), minus the length of the crank (111), and four through holes are drilled in the lower plane of the aluminum square tube (110) corresponding to the positions of the fixing screw holes of the worm gear reduction motor (104); the upper end of the through-shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) passes through the through hole below the aluminum square tube (110), and four fixing screws (104.3) The worm gear reduction motor (104) is attached to the bottom of the aluminum square tube (110) and fixed to the aluminum square tube (110); three through holes are drilled around the through hole of the worm gear reduction motor (104) on the lower plane of the aluminum square tube (110) at positions corresponding to the fixing bolts of the fixed disk (102); the fixed disk (102) and the aluminum square tube (110) are connected and fixed by three bolts (106); the conductive ring switch (101) is fixed on the fixed disk (102); the through shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) passes downward through the center of the fixed disk (102) The through hole is connected to a coupling (103), the coupling (103) is connected to the rotating shaft of the conductive ring switch (101), and the lower end (104.1) of the worm gear reduction motor (104) drives the rotating shaft of the conductive ring switch (101) to rotate; the function of the conductive ring switch (101) is to cooperate with the electronic control unit to control the worm gear reduction motor (104) through the shaft to accurately rotate only one circle each time; the conductive ring switch (101) includes an arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2) and a rotating contact tongue (101.1), and the rotating contact tongue (101.1) is mechanically connected to the conductive ring switch ( 101); the rotating contact tongue (101.1) is installed at the center of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring, and the rotating contact tongue (101.1) rotates 0-360 degrees at the center of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2); from 0 to 30 degrees, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) does not contact the superior arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), which is the disconnection position of the conductive ring switch (101); from 30 to 360 degrees, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) contacts the superior arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), which is the conductive position of the superior arc-shaped conductive ring; the starting point and the end point of the rotating contact tongue are both at the superior arc The rotatable contact tongue is at a 0 degree position outside the arc-shaped conductive ring, at which time the rotatable contact tongue and the arc-shaped conductive ring are in a disconnected position; the rotatable contact tongue is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring in a circuit between 30 degrees and 360 degrees; the relay (121) has a normally open contact (121.1) and a normally closed contact (121.2); when the MCU microprocessor controls the logic gate switch (31) to send a pulse with a width of 3 seconds, the relay (121) is energized; when the relay is energized, the normally open contact (121.1) is closed, the normally closed contact (121.2) is disconnected, and the positive pole of the DC power supply and the normally open contact (121.1) are connected.1) The worm gear reduction motor (104) and the negative pole circuit of the DC power supply are connected, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates more than 30 degrees; the rotating contact tongue and the arc-shaped conductive ring are connected, the relay remains energized, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) continues to rotate; when the rotating contact tongue rotates to 360 degrees, the rotating contact tongue and the arc-shaped conductive ring are disconnected, the relay is powered off, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor (104) brakes and quickly stops rotating, the worm gear reduction motor (104) through-shaft accurately rotates 360 degrees, returns to the zero point again, and waits for the next rotation; the shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is connected to the through-shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104). The upper end is fixed, and the other end of the crank (111) is provided with a length adjustment groove along the center line of the crank (111). The crank (111) convex shaft is movable in the crank (111) adjustment groove, and then the crank (111) convex shaft locking nut (109) is tightened to fine-tune the length of the crank (111); the crank (111) convex shaft is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is mechanically connected to the high shaft (114) on the slider (108), and the high shaft (114) is fixed on the slider (108); the worm gear reduction motor (104) stops each time the shaft rotates 360 degrees accurately; the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates to drive the crank (111) to rotate one circle, and the crank at the other end of the crank The cam shaft (112) drives the connecting rod (113) and the slider (108) to perform a reciprocating motion along the guide rail direction, and the slider moves from the rightmost end to the leftmost end and then returns to the rightmost end; the crank cam shaft moves in the crank (111) adjustment groove and then locks the crank (111) cam shaft locking nut (109), and fine-tunes the length between the two shafts of the crank (111) to fine-tune the piston movement stroke, so as to achieve accurate quantitative water replenishment; the slider (108) high shaft (114) is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing at the top of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (117) on the upper plane of the aluminum square tube (110), and the slider (108) high shaft (114) drives the piston to first pull and then push; when the piston is pulled, the liquid outlet one-way valve (118) is closed, and the liquid inlet one-way valve is closed. The valve (120) is opened to pump water from the water storage tank (37) to the hydraulic cylinder; when the piston is pushed, the liquid outlet check valve (118) is opened, the liquid inlet check valve (120) is closed, and the water is discharged to replenish the evaporation bucket (24); the positive electrode of the DC power supply (38) is electrically connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring of the conductive ring switch (101), the logic gate switch (31) and the normally open contact of the relay (121); the rotating contact tongue (101.1) of the conductive ring switch (101) and the logic gate switch (31) are electrically connected to the relay; the normally open contact (121.1) of the relay is electrically connected to the worm gear reduction motor (104) and the normally closed contact (121.2) of the relay; the normally closed contact (121.2) of the relay is electrically connected to the worm gear reduction motor (104) and the normally closed contact (121.2) of the relay.2), the worm gear reduction motor (104) and the relay (121) are electrically connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply (38); a travel switch (122) is arranged at the lower front portion of the left side of the aluminum square tube (110), and the travel switch (122) is electrically connected to the MCU microprocessor (30); when the slider (108) moves to the leftmost end, the metal body of the slider (108) approaches the travel switch (122), and the travel switch is turned on; when the slider (108) moves away from the leftmost end, the travel switch (122) is turned off again, and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one pumping and drainage; the left side of the water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage of the piston pump is an evaporation barrel (24), and the evaporation barrel (24) is surrounded by a water circle (25). A laser water level measurement unit (26) is arranged above the evaporation barrel (24), and the laser water level measurement unit (26) is electrically connected to the MCU microprocessor (30). The MCU microprocessor (30) is electrically connected to the rain gauge (27), the GPRS unit (29), the host computer (28), and the logic gate switch A (31); a DC power supply (38) supplies power to all electrical devices; the logic gate switch (31) is electrically connected to a relay (121); an evaporation barrel water supply pipeline: one end of the evaporation barrel water supply pipeline (34) is connected to the evaporation barrel, and the other end of the evaporation barrel water supply pipeline (34) is connected to a liquid outlet check valve (118) of a piston pump quantitative water supply device (100), and a liquid inlet check valve (120) of the piston pump quantitative water supply device (100); the liquid inlet check valve (120) is connected to a storage tank with a filter. The water tank suction pipe (35) is inserted into the water tank (37) with a filter; the evaporation barrel drainage pipe: one end of the evaporation barrel suction pipe (33) with a filter is inserted into the evaporation barrel, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet check valve (220) of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200); the liquid outlet check valve (218) of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) is connected to the evaporation barrel drainage pipe (36); the evaporation barrel drainage pipe (36) is connected to the water tank (37).

2. A water surface evaporation measurement system for quantitative water replenishment and drainage by a piston pump as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation barrel (24) is a cylinder with a diameter of 618 mm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the evaporation barrel (24) is 3000 square centimeters; the evaporation of the water surface causes the water surface of the evaporation barrel (24) to drop by 0.5 mm, and the corresponding evaporated water volume is 150 ml; the piston pump quantitative water replenishing device, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder (117) and the stroke of the piston determine the one-time water replenishing amount of the piston pump quantitative water replenishing device; the shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is fixed to the upper end of the worm gear reduction motor (104), and the other end of the crank (111) is provided with a crank (111) length adjustment groove along the center line of the crank (111); the upper end of the convex shaft is a convex shaft, and the lower end is a cylindrical with threads, and two ends are milled off The threaded cylinders on both sides are milled to match the width of the crank adjustment groove (105); the threaded cylinders on both sides are milled to be inserted into the crank adjustment groove (105), and then nuts (109) are installed and tightened to fix the position of the convex shaft; the distance from the convex shaft to the shaft through hole at one end of the crank (111) is the rotation radius of the crank (111); the convex shaft is mechanically connected to the fisheye bearing of the connecting rod, and the fisheye bearing at the other end of the connecting rod is mechanically connected to the high shaft (114) on the slider (108), and the high shaft (114) is fixed on the slider (108); the position of the convex shaft in the adjustment groove of the crank (111) can be fine-tuned to fine-tune the rotation radius, and the slider (108) can be fine-tuned to fine-tune the movement The piston pump quantitative water replenishment device is selected to have a pumping and discharging capacity of 150 ml at a time; the diameter of the cylinder is 4.0 cm, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder is 3.14*2*2, and the stroke of the piston is equal to 150 / (3.14*2*2)=11.94 cm; the worm gear reduction motor (104) accurately rotates 360 degrees each time; the worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates to drive the crank (111) to rotate one circle, and the crank (111) cam at the other end of the crank (111) drives the connecting rod and the slider (108) to make a reciprocating motion along the guide rail (107); the cam moves in the crank (111) adjustment groove and then locks the crank (111) 1) The cam locking nut (109) is used to fine-tune the length of the crank (111) to fine-tune the piston movement stroke to 11.94 cm, and accurately pump out 150 ml of water in a quantitative manner; the piston of the piston pump quantitative water supply device is mechanically connected to the linear reciprocating motion device; the worm gear reduction motor (104) of the linear reciprocating motion device adopts a 6-rpm DC worm gear reduction motor (104). The worm gear reduction motor (104) rotates one circle in 10 seconds, and the piston pump quantitative water supply device performs one extraction and discharge; therefore, the piston pump quantitative water supply device extracts and discharges once in 10 seconds, and the water level of the evaporating barrel (24) can be raised by 0.5mm; the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) rotates coaxially with the worm gear reduction motor (104); the starting point and the end point of the conductive ring switch (101) are at 360 degrees of the superior arc conductive ring, that is, about 0 degrees, the rotating contact tongue is not connected to the superior arc conductive ring position, and the conductive ring switch (101) is disconnected from 0 degrees to 30 degrees; system control principle: the initial state of the conductive ring switch (101): the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) is at the 0 degree disconnected position, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) is powered off and does not start; the MCU microprocessor (30) controls the logic gate switch (31) to send a 3 second pulse, the relay J (121) is energized, the normally open contact is connected, and the normally closed contact is disconnected, The worm gear reduction motor (104) is started; within 3 seconds, the worm gear reduction motor (104) has rotated 108 degrees, at which time, the rotating contact tongue (101.1) of the conductive ring switch (101) coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor (104) is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring (101.2), and the relay remains connected; after 3 seconds, the logic gate switch (31) is disconnected, but the rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) is connected to the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay (121) coil remains connected, and the worm gear reduction motor (104) continues to rotate; when the worm gear reduction motor (104) reaches the starting position where the arc-shaped conductive ring and the rotating contact tongue are not connected The rotating contact tongue of the conductive ring switch (101) coaxial with the worm gear reduction motor (104) is disconnected from the arc-shaped conductive ring, the relay is disconnected due to power failure, the normally open contact is disconnected, the normally closed contact is closed, the worm gear reduction motor (104) is powered off and braked to stop rotating, and the output shaft of the worm gear reduction motor (104) accurately rotates 360 degrees to stop; the normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the relay (121) constitute a pair of self-locking switches of the worm gear reduction motor (104); the normally closed contact is connected in parallel with the worm gear reduction motor (104) to play a braking and stopping role; initially, the water level height of the evaporation bucket is above the water level mark line, and the laser water level measurement unit (26) detects that the water level of the evaporation bucket is When the water level in the evaporation tank (24) drops to 0.5 mm above the water surface mark line, the MCU microprocessor (30) sends a 3-second output pulse to the logic gate switch A (31) of the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100), and the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100) performs a water replenishment process of extracting 150 ml of water from the water storage tank (37) and replenishing it to the evaporation tank (24); the travel switch (122) in the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100) sends a pulse feedback to the MCU microprocessor (30), and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one water replenishment; the water level in the evaporation tank (24) rises and returns to the water surface mark line; on rainy days, when the laser water level measurement unit (26) detects that the water level in the evaporation tank rises to 0.5 mm above the water surface mark line due to rain, the evaporation tank (24) is automatically replenished.5MM, the MCU microprocessor (30) sends a 3-second output pulse to the logic gate switch of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200), and the drainage device B (200) performs a drainage process of extracting 150ML of water from the evaporation barrel (24) and discharging it into the water storage tank (37). The travel switch in the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) sends a pulse feedback to the MCU microprocessor (30), and the MCU microprocessor (30) records one drainage; the water level of the evaporation barrel (24) drops and returns to the water surface mark line; the water level of the water storage tank (37) is automatically replenished with water using a float valve; the water level of the water circle (25), because the water level of the evaporation barrel (24) is controlled by the water replenishment and drainage device at 0.5MM above and below the water surface mark line, The water level of the water circle (25) is also automatically replenished with water by a float valve until it is flush with the water surface mark line. The overflow port of the water circle (25) is flush with the water surface mark line. On rainy days, the water level of the water circle (25) is also kept basically flush with the water surface mark line. The MCU microprocessor (30) of the E601 quantitative pumping and drainage surface evaporation measurement device receives the measurement data of the laser water level measurement unit (26) and the rain gauge (27), receives the drainage and replenishment times of the piston pump quantitative drainage device (200) and the piston pump quantitative water replenishment device (100), and comprehensively calculates the evaporation of the water surface on rainy days and sunny days. The upper computer (28) displays the evaporation and rainfall values ​​and can set control parameters. The GPRS unit (29) is responsible for remotely sending the data to the mobile terminal and the data center.

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