A device and method for testing the guiding effect of a guide bolt

Abstract

This invention discloses a device and method for detecting the alignment effect of a guide bolt. The device includes a frame, a fixed fixture, a base plate, a swing rod, a counterweight rod, an angle sensor, a torque sensor, and a control module. The fixed fixture is equipped with a nut adapted to the guide bolt to be tested. The base plate is movable and has a rotation damping shaft. The swing rod is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun through a lifting mechanism. The counterweight rod is used to tilt the swing rod to tighten the bolt. The angle sensor and torque sensor monitor the angle and tightening torque of the swing rod, respectively. The control module receives and processes the data and controls the pneumatic tightening gun. This device can simulate the actual installation environment and effectively detect the alignment of the bolt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bolt inspection technology, and in particular to a device and method for detecting the guiding effect of guide bolts. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of industrial manufacturing technology, bolted connections, as an extremely common connection method, are widely used in many fields such as automobile manufacturing and mechanical equipment installation. To ensure the reliability and stability of the connection structure, the correct installation of bolts is crucial. However, in actual operation, due to the influence of various factors such as differences in operator skills, tool precision, and working environment, bolts may become misaligned or skewed. These problems not only reduce the reliability of the connection structure but may also lead to unstable equipment operation or even malfunction.

[0003] Currently, there are some tools on the market for inspecting bolt installation quality, such as torque wrenches and angle measuring instruments. However, these tools often only detect the final tightening torque and cannot directly assess the bolt's alignment during installation. For example, torque wrenches are mainly used to check whether the bolt has reached the preset tightening torque, but they cannot ensure that the bolt maintains the correct orientation during tightening. This can cause the bolt thread to slip during tightening, and in severe cases, it may require disassembly of the assembly, leading to production line shutdowns. In addition, existing inspection methods are usually quite complex and difficult to automate, resulting in low inspection efficiency and increased labor costs.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a device capable of real-time monitoring of the guiding effect during bolt installation and automated detection for the development and design of guide bolts. This would ensure the effectiveness of the threaded guide bolts during production, improve the accuracy and efficiency of bolt installation, reduce labor costs, and enhance the reliability and stability of the connection structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a device for detecting the guiding effect of a guiding bolt, which can effectively detect the guiding status of the bolt.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for detecting the guiding effect of a guide bolt, comprising,

[0007] The frame has a worktable surface;

[0008] A fixed fixture is provided on the worktable, and a nut adapted to the guide bolt to be tested is installed on the fixed fixture;

[0009] A base plate is movably mounted on the workbench, and a rotary damping shaft is rotatably mounted on the base plate, the rotary damping shaft being distributed horizontally and longitudinally.

[0010] A swing arm, the lower part of which is fixed to the rotary damping shaft, and the upper part of which is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun via a lifting mechanism;

[0011] A counterweight rod is connected to the lower end of the swing rod. A counterweight component is connected to the counterweight rod to make the swing rod swing at a certain angle, so that the guide bolt to be tested can be tightened at an angle.

[0012] An angle sensor is mounted on the swing arm to detect the swing angle of the swing arm;

[0013] A torque sensor is installed on the pneumatic tightening gun to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun;

[0014] The control module is electrically connected to the angle sensor, the torque sensor and the pneumatic tightening gun, and is used to receive and process sensor data and control the action of the pneumatic tightening gun.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a slide rail, which is disposed on the worktable surface, and the base plate is slidably connected to the slide rail via a slider.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder and a mounting plate. The lifting cylinder is fixed on the swing arm, the mounting plate is connected to the piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the pneumatic tightening gun is connected to the swing arm through a connecting clamp.

[0017] Preferably, the lower end of the counterweight rod is fixed with a suspension plate, and the suspension plate is provided with a plurality of hanging holes at equal intervals, and the counterweight is hung on the hanging holes by a hook.

[0018] Preferably, the fixing fixture includes flat-jaw pliers, which are fixed to the workbench and have a positioning groove for installing a nut.

[0019] Preferably, a flip plate is fixed to the bottom of the slide rail, and the flip plate and the worktable are provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt angle of the flip plate. The adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor, a flip shaft, and two bearing seats. The two bearing seats are fixed to the worktable with a left-right gap. The flip shaft is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats. The servo motor is fixed to the worktable, and the output shaft of the servo motor is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft. The flip plate is fixed on the flip shaft.

[0020] Preferably, the system further includes an automatic compensation mechanism, which comprises a force sensor, a magnetorheological damper, and a microprocessor. The force sensor is disposed between the pneumatic tightening gun and the mounting plate to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper is mounted on the rotary damping shaft to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing arm. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the force sensor and the magnetorheological damper to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for deviations during the tightening process.

[0021] Preferably, the counterweight rod is movably connected to the lower end of the swing arm via a counterweight adjustment mechanism. The counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a drive disc, a drive motor, an adjusting rod, a sector gear, and a rack. The counterweight rod includes a vertical rod and a horizontal rod. The vertical rod is fixed to the lower end of the swing arm, and the horizontal rod is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod. The drive disc is rotatably mounted on the vertical rod, and the drive motor is also fixed to the vertical rod and is used to drive the drive disc to rotate. An eccentric shaft is also provided on the drive disc. The adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the vertical rod, and one end of the adjusting rod is movably connected to the eccentric shaft via a sliding groove. The other end of the adjusting rod is fixed to the sector gear, which meshes with the rack. The rack is horizontally movable on the horizontal rod, and the counterweight is connected to the rack.

[0022] The second objective of this invention is to provide a testing method for a device for testing the guiding effect of a guiding bolt, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1: Preparation steps: Install the guide bolt to be tested onto the pneumatic tightening gun, adjust the position of the base plate on the worktable so that the pneumatic tightening gun with the guide bolt installed is aligned with the nut on the fixed fixture, and set the initial tilt angle of the swing rod by adjusting the counterweight on the counterweight rod.

[0024] S2: Parameter setting steps: Set the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun in the control module, including the rotation speed and target torque, and set the sampling frequency of the angle sensor and torque sensor;

[0025] S3: Initial position recording steps: Use an angle sensor to record the initial angle of the swing arm;

[0026] S4: Tightening steps: Start the pneumatic tightening gun through the control module to begin tightening the guide bolt into the nut on the fixture, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing arm and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun in real time.

[0027] S5: Data acquisition steps: Continuously record the angle and torque data throughout the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed;

[0028] S6: Multi-angle test steps: Adjust the position of the counterweight on the counterweight rod, change the initial angle of the swing rod, and repeat steps S3-S5 to conduct tests at different initial angles;

[0029] S7: Data analysis steps: Analyze the angle change curve, evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve, evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles.

[0030] Preferably, the S7 data analysis step includes:

[0031] S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt, specifically including:

[0032] a) Extract the angle-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0033] b) Calculate the initial deviation, which is the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle;

[0034] c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to go from the initial deviation to the steady state;

[0035] d) Analyze the fluctuations of the curve during the stable phase, and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency;

[0036] e) Calculate the final deviation, which is the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle;

[0037] f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable phase, and the final deviation threshold.

[0038] S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, specifically including:

[0039] a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0040] b) Analyze the torque rise characteristics from zero to the target value, and calculate the rise time and slope;

[0041] c) Calculate the amplitude and frequency of torque fluctuations during the tightening process;

[0042] d) Analyze the stability after the target torque is reached, and calculate the duration of the stable phase;

[0043] e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error between the torque value and the target torque;

[0044] f) Based on preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stabilization phase duration threshold, and final torque error threshold, the smoothness of the tightening process is quantitatively evaluated.

[0045] S7.3: Compare test results at different initial angles to evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles, specifically including:

[0046] a) Statistical analysis of the evaluation results of the guiding capability and tightening stability under different initial angles;

[0047] b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator from different perspectives;

[0048] c) Use analysis of variance to evaluate the sensitivity of the guide bolt performance to the initial angle;

[0049] d) Determine the initial angle range for optimal and worst performance of the guide bolt;

[0050] e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to visually display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles;

[0051] S7.4: Overall score, specifically including:

[0052] a) Based on the aforementioned analysis results, design a comprehensive scoring system and assign weights to the three aspects of guiding capability, tightening stability, and angle adaptability;

[0053] b) Calculate the overall performance score of the guide bolt;

[0054] c) Classify the overall performance of the guide bolts according to the scores.

[0055] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: the device provides a stable testing platform through a frame and fixed fixtures, ensuring a consistent testing environment; the movable design on the base plate increases the flexibility of the device, adapting to bolt testing of different sizes and positions; the swing arm is connected to the base plate through a rotary damping shaft, achieving a controllable tilt angle and simulating bolt misalignment that may occur in actual operation; the setting of the counterweight bar and counterweight components allows the operator to precisely adjust the tilt angle of the swing arm, further enhancing the diversity and accuracy of the test; the angle sensor monitors the angle of the swing arm in real time, providing key data for evaluating the bolt alignment effect; pneumatic tightening... The bolt gun, as the execution unit, not only simulates the actual bolt installation process but also provides precise measurement of tightening torque through a torque sensor. The control module, as the control center of the entire system, collects and processes data from various sensors and controls the operation of the pneumatic tightening gun according to a preset algorithm, realizing the automation and intelligence of the entire testing process. This design can not only comprehensively evaluate the bolt's alignment performance but also identify potential problems in the bolt design or manufacturing process by analyzing its performance under different angles and counterweight conditions. The entire device is easy to operate, highly automated, greatly improves testing efficiency, reduces human error, and lowers labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment mechanism in this invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the counterweight adjustment mechanism in this invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fixing fixture in this invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the angle sensor, torque sensor, pneumatic tightening gun, and control module working together in this invention.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic compensation mechanism in this invention.

[0063] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Worktable; 3. Fixture; 4. Nut; 5. Base plate; 6. Rotary damping shaft; 7. Swing rod; 8. Lifting mechanism; 9. Pneumatic tightening gun; 10. Counterweight rod; 11. Counterweight component; 12. Angle sensor; 13. Torque sensor; 14. Control module; 15. Slide rail; 16. Slider; 17. Lifting cylinder; 18. Mounting plate; 19. Piston rod; 20. Connecting clamp; 21. Suspension plate; 22. Hanging hole 23. Hook; 24. Flat-nose pliers; 25. Positioning groove; 26. Flip plate; 27. Adjustment mechanism; 28. Servo motor; 29. ​​Flip shaft; 30. Bearing housing; 31. Force sensor; 32. Magnetorheological damper; 33. Microprocessor; 34. Counterweight adjustment mechanism; 35. Drive disk; 36. Drive motor; 37. Adjusting rod; 38. Sector gear; 39. Rack; 40. Vertical rod; 41. Horizontal rod; 42. Eccentric shaft; 43. Slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Example 1: As shown in the figure, a device for detecting the guiding effect of a guide bolt includes,

[0066] Frame 1, Frame 1 has a worktable 2;

[0067] Fixture 3 is set on workbench 2, and nut 4 that matches the guide bolt to be tested is installed on fixture 3;

[0068] The base plate 5 is movably mounted on the workbench 2, and a rotary damping shaft 6 is rotatably mounted on the base plate 5. The rotary damping shaft 6 is horizontally and longitudinally distributed.

[0069] The swing arm 7 has its lower part fixed to the rotary damping shaft 6, and its upper part is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun 9 via a lifting mechanism 8.

[0070] The counterweight rod 10 is connected to the lower end of the swing rod 7. The counterweight rod 10 is connected to the counterweight component 11, which is used to swing the swing rod 7 at a certain angle, so that the guide bolt to be tested can be tightened at an angle.

[0071] An angle sensor 12 is mounted on the swing arm 7 and is used to detect the swing angle of the swing arm 7;

[0072] The torque sensor 13 is installed on the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and is used to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun 9.

[0073] The control module 14 is electrically connected to the angle sensor 12, the torque sensor 13 and the pneumatic tightening gun 9, and is used to receive and process sensor data and control the action of the pneumatic tightening gun 9.

[0074] Example 2: As shown in the figure, unlike Example 1, it also includes a slide rail 15. The slide rail 15 is set on the worktable 2, and the base plate 5 is slidably connected to the slide rail 15 through a slider 16.

[0075] In the above structure, the slide rail 15 is set on the worktable 2, and the base plate 5 is slidably connected to the slide rail 15 via the slider 16. This design solves the problem of precise positioning and movement of the testing device. First, the slide rail 15 structure provides stable guidance, ensuring that the base plate 5 maintains linear motion during movement, avoiding possible offset or shaking during testing, thereby improving the accuracy of the test. Second, the cooperation between the slider 16 and the slide rail 15 enables the smooth movement of the base plate 5. The operator can easily adjust the position of the entire testing device to accommodate bolts of different specifications or installation positions. This design greatly enhances the adaptability of the device, enabling it to cope with various testing scenarios. In addition, the slide rail 15 structure also provides the possibility for automated testing. By adding a motor drive device, automatic positioning and movement of the base plate 5 can be achieved, further improving testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0076] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the lifting mechanism 8 includes a lifting cylinder 17 and a mounting plate 18. The lifting cylinder 17 is fixed on the swing arm 7, and the mounting plate 18 is connected to the piston rod 19 of the lifting cylinder 17. The pneumatic tightening gun 9 is connected to the swing arm 7 through the connecting clamp 20.

[0077] In the above structure, the lifting mechanism 8 combines the lifting cylinder 17, the mounting plate 18, and the connecting clamp 20 to form a highly efficient, precise, and flexible pneumatic tightening gun 9 positioning system. The lifting cylinder 17 is fixed on the swing rod 7, providing a stable foundation and power source for the entire lifting mechanism 8. The piston rod 19 of the cylinder is connected to the mounting plate 18. Through the extension and retraction of the cylinder, the mounting plate 18 can be moved up and down precisely. This design allows the operator to quickly and accurately adjust the vertical position of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 according to the height and position of different bolts. The pneumatic tightening gun 9 is fixed on the swing rod 7 through the connecting clamp 20. This connection method not only ensures the stability of the tightening gun but also provides convenience for changing tightening guns of different specifications.

[0078] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, a suspension plate 21 is fixed to the lower end of the counterweight rod 10. Multiple hanging holes 22 are evenly spaced on the suspension plate 21. The counterweight 11 is hung on the hanging holes 22 by hooks 23.

[0079] Multiple hanging holes 22 spaced equidistantly on the suspension plate 21, combined with detachable counterweights 11 and hooks 23, form an adjustable counterweight system. This design allows the operator to precisely control the offset angle of the swing arm 7 by changing the number, weight, and position of the counterweights 11 on the suspension plate 21. By adding or removing counterweights 11 from different hanging holes 22, various tilt angles can be easily simulated, thereby comprehensively testing the guiding effect of the bolts at different initial installation angles. This flexible counterweight method enables the testing device to simulate various misalignment situations that may be encountered during actual installation, greatly enhancing the comprehensiveness and realism of the test. In addition, the equidistantly spaced hanging holes 22 ensure the accuracy and repeatability of counterweight adjustment. The operator can quickly set and record specific counterweight combinations as needed, facilitating standardized testing and result comparison.

[0080] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the fixed fixture 3 includes a flat-jaw pliers 24, which is fixed on the workbench 2 and has a positioning groove 25 for installing a nut 4.

[0081] In the above structure, the fixing fixture 3 adopts a flat-jaw pliers 24 structure, which is directly fixed to the workbench 2. This design provides a solid foundation for the entire testing system. The specially designed positioning groove 25 on the flat-jaw pliers 24 is specifically used for installing and fixing the nut 4 to be tested. This positioning groove 25 design ensures that the nut 4 maintains a precise position and orientation during the test, effectively preventing the nut 4 from rotating or shifting during tightening, and also ensuring the consistency of the nut 4's position in each test. The adjustability of the flat-jaw pliers 24 allows the operator to quickly adjust the clamping force according to different specifications of the nut 4, adapting to nuts 4 of various sizes and materials.

[0082] Example 3: As shown in the figure, unlike Example 2, a flip plate 26 is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail 15. The flip plate 26 and the worktable 2 are provided with an adjustment mechanism 27 for adjusting the pitch angle of the flip plate 26. The adjustment mechanism 27 includes a servo motor 28, a flip shaft 29 and two bearing seats 30. The two bearing seats 30 are fixed on the worktable 2 with a left-right interval. The flip shaft 29 is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats 30. The servo motor 28 is fixed on the worktable 2, and the output shaft of the servo motor 28 is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft 29. The flip plate 26 is fixed on the flip shaft 29.

[0083] In the above structure, the tilting plate 26 fixed at the bottom of the slide rail 15 achieves precise control of the pitch angle through the adjustment mechanism 27. This mechanism consists of a servo motor 28, a tilting shaft 29, and two bearing seats 30, forming a high-precision, controllable pitch adjustment system. The two bearing seats 30 are fixed on the worktable 2 at intervals, providing stable support and a rotation center for the tilting shaft 29. The tilting shaft 29 is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats 30, ensuring smooth and precise rotation. The servo motor 28 is fixed on the worktable 2, and its output shaft is coaxially fixed with the tilting shaft 29. This direct drive method eliminates errors in the transmission links and improves the accuracy of angle adjustment. The tilting plate 26 is directly fixed to the tilting shaft 29, and changes the pitch angle as the tilting shaft 29 rotates. This design allows the operator to precisely adjust the tilt angle of the slide rail 15 by controlling the servo motor 28, thereby simulating various complex bolt installation environments and greatly expanding the testing range.

[0084] Example 4: As shown in the figure, unlike Example 3, it also includes an automatic compensation mechanism. The automatic compensation mechanism includes a force sensor 31, a magnetorheological damper 32, and a microprocessor 33. The force sensor 31 is set between the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and the mounting plate 18 to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper 32 is mounted on the rotary damping shaft 6 to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing arm 7. The microprocessor 33 is electrically connected to the force sensor 31 and the magnetorheological damper 32 to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for the deviation during the tightening process.

[0085] In the above structure, the automatic compensation mechanism consists of three core components: a force sensor 31, a magnetorheological damper 32, and a microprocessor 33, forming a closed-loop feedback control system. The force sensor 31 is located between the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and the mounting plate 18, enabling real-time detection of axial force changes during the tightening process and providing crucial real-time data input for the system. The magnetorheological damper 32 is mounted on the rotary damping shaft 6, which can quickly adjust the damping force according to changes in the external magnetic field, thereby dynamically controlling the movement of the swing arm 7. The microprocessor 33, through electrical connection with the force sensor 31 and the magnetorheological damper 32, realizes real-time data acquisition, processing, and control. The core advantage of this design is that it can calculate and adjust the damping force of the magnetorheological damper 32 in real time based on the axial force changes detected during the tightening process, thereby accurately compensating for possible deviations during tightening. This dynamic compensation mechanism greatly improves the accuracy of bolt installation and can effectively cope with various sudden installation situations, such as changes in thread resistance and material deformation. In addition, this automatic compensation mechanism also significantly improves the repeatability and consistency of testing and reduces the influence of human factors.

[0086] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the counterweight rod 10 is movably connected to the lower end of the swing arm 7 via the counterweight adjustment mechanism 34. The counterweight adjustment mechanism 34 includes a drive disc 35, a drive motor 36, an adjusting rod 37, a sector gear 38, and a rack 39. The counterweight rod 10 includes a vertical rod 40 and a horizontal rod 41. The vertical rod 40 is fixed to the lower end of the swing arm 7, and the horizontal rod 41 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod 40. The drive disc 35 is rotatably mounted on the vertical rod 40. The drive motor 36 is also fixed on the vertical rod 40 and is used to drive the drive disc 35 to rotate. An eccentric shaft 42 is also provided on the drive disc 35. The adjusting rod 37 is rotatably connected to the vertical rod 40, and one end of the adjusting rod 37 is movably connected to the eccentric shaft 42 via a slide groove 43. The other end of the adjusting rod 37 is fixed to the sector gear 38. The sector gear 38 meshes with the rack 39. The rack 39 is horizontally movable on the horizontal rod 41, and the counterweight 11 is attached to the rack 39.

[0087] This counterweight adjustment mechanism 34 includes a drive disc 35, a drive motor 36, an adjusting rod 37, a sector gear 38, and a rack 39, forming a highly efficient transmission system. The drive disc 35 is rotatably mounted on the vertical rod 40 and its rotation is controlled by the drive motor 36 fixed on the vertical rod 40. The eccentric shaft 42 on the drive disc 35 is connected to one end of the adjusting rod 37 through a sliding groove 43, converting the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. The other end of the adjusting rod 37 is fixed to the sector gear 38, which in turn meshes with the rack 39, converting the reciprocating motion into the horizontal movement of the rack 39. The rack 39 is horizontally movable and mounted on the crossbar 41. The counterweight 11 is directly attached to the rack 39 and moves synchronously with the rack 39.

[0088] The advantage of this design lies in its ability to precisely control the continuous, smooth, and accurate left-right adjustment of the counterweight via the drive motor 36. The motor drive not only improves adjustment accuracy but also enables automated control, significantly enhancing testing efficiency and repeatability. The ingenious design of the eccentric shaft 42 and the slide 43 transforms rotational motion into linear motion, while the combination of the sector gear 38 and the rack 39 further amplifies this motion, allowing small-amplitude motor rotation to be converted into a large range of counterweight movement. This design also offers excellent adjustability; by replacing different eccentric shafts 42 or adjusting the gear ratio, the range and accuracy of counterweight adjustment can be easily changed. This enables the device to simulate more complex and precise bolt installation scenarios, greatly expanding the application range of the test.

[0089] Example 5: A detection method for a guide bolt alignment effect detection device, which uses the guide bolt alignment effect detection device from any of Examples 1 to 4, includes the following steps:

[0090] S1: Preparation steps: Install the guide bolt to be tested onto the pneumatic tightening gun 9, adjust the position of the base plate 5 on the worktable 2, so that the pneumatic tightening gun 9 with the guide bolt installed is aligned with the nut 4 on the fixed fixture 3, and set the initial tilt angle of the swing rod 7 by adjusting the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10.

[0091] S2: Parameter setting steps: Set the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 in the control module 14, including the rotation speed and target torque, and set the sampling frequency of the angle sensor 12 and the torque sensor 13;

[0092] S3: Initial position recording steps: Use angle sensor 12 to record the initial angle of swing arm 7;

[0093] S4: Tightening step: Start the pneumatic tightening gun 9 through the control module 14 to begin tightening the guide bolt into the nut 4 on the fixing fixture 3, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing rod 7 and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 in real time.

[0094] S5: Data acquisition steps: Continuously record the angle and torque data throughout the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed;

[0095] S6: Multi-angle test steps: Adjust the position of the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, change the initial angle of the swing rod 7, repeat steps S3-S5, and conduct tests at different initial angles;

[0096] S7: Data analysis steps: Analyze the angle change curve, evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve, evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles.

[0097] This method for testing the guiding effect of guide bolts utilizes a simulated actual installation environment and evaluates the performance of guide bolts by measuring angle and torque data. It can effectively assess the guiding ability of guide bolts at different initial installation angles and the smoothness of the tightening process, providing a reference for the design and application of guide bolts.

[0098] The working principle of this testing method is to simulate the real bolt tightening process, monitor key parameters during the tightening process using sensors, and finally evaluate the bolt performance through data analysis. Specifically:

[0099] 1. Simulate the real installation environment: By adjusting the position of the base plate 5 and the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, different initial tilt angles can be set to simulate various complex bolt installation situations, such as bolt misalignment, uneven bolt installation position, etc., to simulate actual application scenarios.

[0100] 2. Data Acquisition and Analysis: Angle sensor 12 and torque sensor 13 can monitor and record angle and torque changes during the tightening process in real time. This data can be used to evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt and the smoothness of the tightening process.

[0101] 3. Multi-angle test: By adjusting the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, the initial angle of the swing rod 7 is changed, and the test is repeated to obtain the performance data of the guide bolt at different initial angles.

[0102] 4. Evaluate the performance of guide bolts: By analyzing the data, the guiding ability of guide bolts at different installation angles, the smoothness of the tightening process, and the performance differences at different angles can be evaluated, providing a reference for the design and application of guide bolts.

[0103] Preferably, the S7 data analysis step includes:

[0104] S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt, specifically including:

[0105] a) Extract the angle-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0106] b) Calculate the initial deviation, which is the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle;

[0107] c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to go from the initial deviation to the steady state;

[0108] d) Analyze the fluctuations of the curve during the stable phase, and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency;

[0109] e) Calculate the final deviation, which is the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle;

[0110] f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable phase, and the final deviation threshold.

[0111] The key feature points extracted from the angle-time curve mainly include the following:

[0112] Initial deviation: This refers to the difference between the initial angle of the swing arm 7 and the ideal alignment angle when the bolt begins to be tightened, reflecting the initial installation deviation of the bolt. For example, if the ideal alignment angle is 0 degrees, but the angle of the swing arm 7 is 2 degrees when tightening begins, then the initial deviation is 2 degrees.

[0113] Angle convergence time: refers to the time required for the angle of the swing arm 7 to converge from the initial deviation to a stable state, reflecting the rapid correction capability of the guide bolt. For example, if the swing arm 7 converges the angle from 2 degrees to 0.5 degrees in 1 second, then the angle convergence time is 1 second.

[0114] Stable phase fluctuation amplitude: The fluctuation of the angle of the swing arm 7 during the stable phase is measured to reflect the anti-skewness capability of the guide bolt and to assess the stability of the bolt. For example, if the angle fluctuation of the swing arm 7 in the stable state is within 0.1 degrees, then the fluctuation amplitude is 0.1 degrees.

[0115] Final deviation: refers to the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal alignment angle, reflecting the final correction effect of the guide bolt. For example, if the angle of the swing rod 7 is 0.2 degrees at the end of tightening, then the final deviation is 0.2 degrees.

[0116] By extracting these key feature points, the angle change curve can be converted into specific index data, making the performance evaluation of the guide bolt more intuitive and quantitative, and facilitating comparison and analysis.

[0117] To quantitatively evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt, analysis can be performed based on the aforementioned characteristic point information and pre-defined evaluation criteria. For example:

[0118] Convergence time threshold: Set a time threshold to determine whether the guide bolt can converge the angle to a stable state within a specified time, thereby evaluating its rapid correction capability.

[0119] Stable phase fluctuation threshold: Set a fluctuation threshold to determine whether the fluctuation of the guide bolt in the stable phase is within the allowable range, thereby evaluating its anti-skewness capability.

[0120] Final deviation threshold: Set a final deviation threshold to determine whether the guide bolt can ultimately adjust the angle to the range of the ideal centering angle, thereby evaluating its final correction effect.

[0121] By analyzing the angle change curves under different initial angles, the corrective capability of the guide bolt under different initial deviations can be evaluated. By comparing the test results of different guide bolts, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of bolts can be assessed, providing a reference for the design and selection of guide bolts.

[0122] S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, specifically including:

[0123] a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0124] b) Analyze the torque rise characteristics from zero to the target value, and calculate the rise time and slope;

[0125] c) Calculate the amplitude and frequency of torque fluctuations during the tightening process;

[0126] d) Analyze the stability after the target torque is reached, and calculate the duration of the stable phase;

[0127] e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error between the torque value and the target torque;

[0128] f) Based on preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stabilization phase duration threshold, and final torque error threshold, the smoothness of the tightening process is quantitatively evaluated.

[0129] The advantages of S7.2 are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0130] 1. Identify key feature points: By extracting key feature points on the torque-time curve, such as rise time, fluctuation amplitude, duration of the stabilization phase, and final torque error, the dynamic trend of the tightening process can be understood more intuitively, and potential problems can be discovered.

[0131] 2. Quantitative assessment of tightening smoothness: By calculating indicators such as rise time, fluctuation amplitude, duration of stabilization phase and final torque error, and comparing them with preset assessment standards, the smoothness of the tightening process can be quantitatively assessed, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the tightening process.

[0132] 3. Optimize the bolt tightening process: By analyzing the torque curve, abnormalities in the tightening process can be identified, such as:

[0133] Excessive rise time: This may indicate problems such as poor thread engagement, insufficient lubrication, or poor torque control, requiring parameter adjustment or optimization of the tightening process.

[0134] Excessive fluctuation range: This may indicate problems such as intermittent thread jamming, insufficient lubrication, or insufficient power of the pneumatic tightening gun. The problem needs to be investigated and improved.

[0135] Insufficient duration of the stabilization phase: This may indicate problems such as unstable torque control or excessive changes in thread friction, requiring optimization of the control system or adjustment of thread lubrication.

[0136] Excessive final torque error: This may be due to problems such as insufficient torque control accuracy or excessive thread clearance, requiring parameter adjustment or optimization of the tightening method;

[0137] 4. Improve testing efficiency and automation: Through data analysis and quantitative evaluation, the smoothness of the tightening process can be assessed quickly and efficiently, and areas for improvement can be identified, thereby improving testing efficiency and reducing errors from manual operation. Simultaneously, data analysis can be combined with automated testing systems to automatically determine the pass / fail status of the tightening process, further improving testing efficiency.

[0138] Therefore, the above steps, by analyzing the torque curve, can effectively assess the smoothness of the tightening process and help identify problems in the tightening process, providing effective basis and guidance for optimizing the tightening process and improving the reliability and consistency of the bolt tightening process.

[0139] S7.3: Compare test results at different initial angles to evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles, specifically including:

[0140] a) Statistical analysis of the evaluation results of the guiding capability and tightening stability under different initial angles;

[0141] b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator from different perspectives;

[0142] c) Use analysis of variance to evaluate the sensitivity of the guide bolt performance to the initial angle;

[0143] d) Determine the initial angle range for optimal and worst performance of the guide bolt;

[0144] e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to visually display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles;

[0145] Step S7.3, through comprehensive analysis of test results at different initial angles, enables a more complete evaluation of the guide bolt's performance and identifies its optimal and worst-performing angle ranges. Statistical analysis of the evaluation results of guiding capability and tightening smoothness at different initial angles calculates the average and standard deviation of each indicator at different angles. Analysis of variance is used to assess the sensitivity of the guide bolt's performance to the initial angle, and a performance-angle relationship graph visually displays the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles. This method provides a clear understanding of the performance trend of the guide bolt at different angles and determines the most suitable installation angle, maximizing the guide bolt's effectiveness and avoiding improper installation or performance degradation. Simultaneously, it can also identify potential performance defects or weaknesses in the guide bolt, providing important references for improving design, optimizing manufacturing processes, and enhancing the reliability of the guide bolt.

[0146] S7.4: Overall score, specifically including:

[0147] a) Based on the aforementioned analysis results, design a comprehensive scoring system and assign weights to the three aspects of guiding capability, tightening stability, and angle adaptability;

[0148] b) Calculate the overall performance score of the guide bolt;

[0149] c) Classify the overall performance of the guide bolts according to the scores.

[0150] Step S7.4 evaluates the overall performance of the guide bolts using a comprehensive scoring system and assigns grades, facilitating a direct and intuitive comparison of the merits of different guide bolts. This step comprehensively considers three aspects: guiding capability, tightening smoothness, and angle adaptability, and uses weighted allocation to conduct a comprehensive score. This provides a more comprehensive and objective reflection of the overall performance of the guide bolts, rather than focusing solely on a single indicator. Through comprehensive scoring and grading, the performance of different guide bolts can be intuitively compared, allowing users to select the most suitable guide bolt. Furthermore, the comprehensive scoring system clearly identifies areas for improvement, providing direction and goals for the design and improvement of guide bolts. In addition, the comprehensive scoring system simplifies the analysis and evaluation of test results, improves testing efficiency, and facilitates rapid comparison and selection of different guide bolts.

[0151] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detection method using a guide bolt alignment effect detection device, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, S1: Preparation steps: Install the guide bolt to be tested onto the pneumatic tightening gun, adjust the position of the base plate on the worktable so that the pneumatic tightening gun with the guide bolt installed is aligned with the nut on the fixed fixture, and set the initial tilt angle of the swing rod by adjusting the counterweight on the counterweight rod. S2: Parameter setting steps: Set the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun in the control module, including the rotation speed and target torque, and set the sampling frequency of the angle sensor and torque sensor; S3: Initial position recording steps: Use an angle sensor to record the initial angle of the swing arm; S4: Tightening steps: Start the pneumatic tightening gun through the control module to begin tightening the guide bolt into the nut on the fixture, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing arm and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun in real time. S5: Data acquisition steps: Continuously record the angle and torque data throughout the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed; S6: Multi-angle test steps: Adjust the position of the counterweight on the counterweight rod, change the initial angle of the swing rod, and repeat steps S3-S5 to conduct tests at different initial angles; S7: Data analysis steps: Analyze the angle change curve, evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve, evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles. The S7 data analysis steps include: S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt, specifically including: a) Extract the angle-time curve to identify key feature points; b) Calculate the initial deviation, which is the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle; c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to go from the initial deviation to the steady state; d) Analyze the fluctuations of the curve during the stable phase, and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency; e) Calculate the final deviation, which is the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle; f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding capability of the guide bolt according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable phase, and the final deviation threshold. S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, specifically including: a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points; b) Analyze the torque rise characteristics from zero to the target value, and calculate the rise time and slope; c) Calculate the amplitude and frequency of torque fluctuations during the tightening process; d) Analyze the stability after the target torque is reached, and calculate the duration of the stable phase; e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error between the torque value and the target torque; f) Based on preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stabilization phase duration threshold, and final torque error threshold, the smoothness of the tightening process is quantitatively evaluated. S7.3: Compare test results at different initial angles to evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles, specifically including: a) Statistical analysis of the evaluation results of the guiding capability and tightening stability under different initial angles; b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator from different perspectives; c) Use analysis of variance to evaluate the sensitivity of the guide bolt performance to the initial angle; d) Determine the initial angle range for optimal and worst performance of the guide bolt; e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to visually display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles; S7.4: Overall score, specifically including: a) Based on the aforementioned analysis results, design a comprehensive scoring system and assign weights to the three aspects of guiding capability, tightening stability, and angle adaptability; b) Calculate the overall performance score of the guide bolt; c) Classify the overall performance of the guide bolts according to the scores; The device for testing the guiding effect of the guide bolt includes... A frame having a worktable surface; A fixed fixture is provided on the worktable, and a nut adapted to the guide bolt to be tested is installed on the fixed fixture; A base plate is movably mounted on the workbench, and a rotary damping shaft is rotatably mounted on the base plate, with the rotary damping shaft being distributed horizontally and longitudinally. A swing arm, the lower part of which is fixed to the rotary damping shaft, and the upper part of which is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun via a lifting mechanism; A counterweight rod is connected to the lower end of the swing rod. A counterweight component is connected to the counterweight rod to make the swing rod swing at a certain angle, so that the guide bolt to be tested can be tightened at an angle. An angle sensor is mounted on the swing arm to detect the swing angle of the swing arm; A torque sensor is installed on the pneumatic tightening gun to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun; The control module is electrically connected to the angle sensor, the torque sensor and the pneumatic tightening gun, and is used to receive and process sensor data and control the action of the pneumatic tightening gun.

2. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide bolt alignment effect testing device also includes a slide rail, which is set on the worktable, and the base plate is slidably connected to the slide rail via a slider.

3. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder and a mounting plate. The lifting cylinder is fixed on the swing arm, and the mounting plate is connected to the piston rod of the lifting cylinder. The pneumatic tightening gun is connected to the swing arm through a connecting clamp.

4. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the counterweight rod is fixed with a suspension plate, and the suspension plate is provided with multiple hanging holes at equal intervals. The counterweight is hung on the hanging holes by a hook.

5. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed fixture includes a flat-jaw vise, which is fixed to the workbench and has a positioning groove for installing a nut.

6. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flip plate is fixed to the bottom of the slide rail. The worktable is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pitch angle of the flip plate. The adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor, a flip shaft, and two bearing seats. The two bearing seats are fixed to the worktable at a distance from each other. The flip shaft is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats. The servo motor is fixed to the worktable, and the output shaft of the servo motor is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft. The flip plate is fixed on the flip shaft.

7. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic compensation mechanism, which comprises a force sensor, a magnetorheological damper, and a microprocessor. The force sensor is disposed between the pneumatic tightening gun and the mounting plate to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper is mounted on the rotary damping shaft to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing arm. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the force sensor and the magnetorheological damper to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for deviations during the tightening process.

8. The detection method of the guide bolt alignment effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight rod is movably connected to the lower end of the swing arm via a counterweight adjustment mechanism. The counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a drive disc, a drive motor, an adjusting rod, a sector gear, and a rack. The counterweight rod includes a vertical rod and a horizontal rod. The vertical rod is fixed to the lower end of the swing arm, and the horizontal rod is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod. The drive disc is rotatably mounted on the vertical rod, and the drive motor is also fixed to the vertical rod and is used to drive the drive disc to rotate. An eccentric shaft is also provided on the drive disc. The adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the vertical rod, and one end of the adjusting rod is movably connected to the eccentric shaft through a sliding groove. The other end of the adjusting rod is fixed to the sector gear, which meshes with the rack. The rack is horizontally movably mounted on the horizontal rod, and the counterweight is connected to the rack.

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