Fault judgment method and system for efficiently identifying and dividing cable fault types

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault judgment method and system for efficiently identifying and dividing cable fault types, and relates to the technical field of cable faults, and the method comprises the steps: detecting a fault traveling wave signal in a current power transmission cable, and obtaining a current fault traveling wave signal and a characteristic parameter of the current fault traveling wave signal, the characteristic parameters comprise arrival time, amplitude, gradient, spectral characteristics and transient energy; calculating the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measurement points based on the arrival time, determining the fault position based on the time difference, carrying out analysis based on the amplitude, the gradient, the frequency spectrum characteristic and the transient energy to obtain a fault traveling wave characteristic pattern, and carrying out analysis based on the fault traveling wave characteristic pattern to obtain a fault type; and generating a fault indication signal and a fault maintenance scheme based on the fault position and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault maintenance scheme to a preset client. By implementing the method, the accuracy of fault judgment of the power transmission cable can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of cable fault technology, and in particular to a fault judgment method and system for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the power system, the safe and stable operation of transmission cables is directly related to the reliability of power supply. As overhead transmission lines are widely distributed in various geographical environments and have been disturbed by environmental factors over the years, transmission cables may fail, affecting the normal operation of the power system and possibly causing line faults and tripping.

[0003] In related technologies, electrical measurement methods are usually used to locate faults, such as abnormal monitoring of voltage and current, which can preliminarily determine the area where the fault occurs. When the current or voltage fluctuates abnormally, the system can respond quickly and indicate the possible fault area. However, when using this method, changes in voltage and current can be caused by a variety of reasons, not just cable faults. Load mutations or equipment failures can also lead to similar electrical performances, making it difficult to accurately distinguish the nature and precise location of the fault by relying solely on these electrical parameters, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of transmission cable fault judgment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a fault diagnosis method and system for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types, which is used to improve the accuracy of transmission cable fault diagnosis.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types, which is applied to a fault judgment system, the method comprising: detecting a fault traveling wave signal in a current transmission cable to obtain a current fault traveling wave signal and characteristic parameters of the current fault traveling wave signal, the characteristic parameters comprising arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectral characteristics and transient energy; calculating the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measurement points based on the arrival time, and determining the fault location based on the time difference, the fault location being the distance from the fault point to the measurement point; obtaining a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram based on the amplitude, the steepness, the spectral characteristics and the transient energy, and obtaining a fault type based on the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram; generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, the fault traveling wave signal in the current transmission cable is detected to obtain characteristic parameters including arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy. The arrival time is used to calculate the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measurement points, and then determine the fault location, that is, the distance from the fault point to the measurement point. The amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy are used to analyze and obtain the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, so as to judge the fault type. Based on the fault location and fault type, a fault indication signal and a fault maintenance plan are generated and sent to the preset client. The fault traveling wave signal can be accurately detected, the characteristic parameters of the fault traveling wave signal can be analyzed, the fault location and type can be determined more accurately, and the accuracy of cable fault judgment is improved.

[0007] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of calculating the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measuring points based on the arrival time, and determining the fault location based on the time difference, specifically includes: setting one or more measuring points, and collecting the current fault traveling wave signal when the fault occurs at the measuring points, and the measuring positions of the measuring points are known; calculating the fault location according to the arrival time of the current fault traveling wave signal at each measuring point and the measuring position coordinates of the measuring points.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, one or more measuring points are set, and the current fault traveling wave signal when the fault occurs is collected at the measuring points. Since the measuring position of the measuring point is known, the fault position can be accurately calculated according to the arrival time of the current fault traveling wave signal at each measuring point and the measuring position coordinates of the measuring point. By making full use of the propagation characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal at different positions, the error and uncertainty that may be caused by a single measuring point are avoided. By verifying and supplementing the data of multiple measuring points, the fault position can be determined more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault location.

[0009] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of obtaining a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram based on the analysis of the amplitude, the steepness, the spectral characteristics and the transient energy, and obtaining the fault type based on the analysis of the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram specifically includes: extracting the amplitude, the steepness, the spectral characteristics and the transient energy based on a signal processing algorithm to obtain a digital feature of the current fault traveling wave signal; drawing a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram of the current fault traveling wave signal according to the digital feature; if there is a peak current in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram that exceeds a preset first threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a lightning fault; if there is a peak current in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram that exceeds a preset second threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a short circuit fault; if there are all currents in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram that are not lower than a preset third threshold and not higher than a preset fourth threshold and there are periodic fluctuations between the preset third threshold and the preset fourth threshold, it is judged to be an in-station fault; if there is a fluctuation within a preset period in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram and the current returns to a preset normal value outside the preset period, it is judged to be a line break fault.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the amplitude, steepness, spectral characteristics and transient energy are extracted based on the signal processing algorithm to obtain the digital characteristics of the current fault traveling wave signal. The fault traveling wave characteristic diagram is drawn according to these digital characteristics, which can intuitively reflect the characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal. In the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, by judging the characteristics such as peak current and current periodic fluctuation, different types of faults such as lightning faults, short circuit faults, station faults and broken line faults can be accurately distinguished. If the peak current exceeds the preset first threshold and gradually decreases, it is judged as a lightning fault, and if the peak current exceeds the preset second threshold and gradually decreases, it is judged as a short circuit fault, etc., which can make full use of the various characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal to accurately judge the fault type.

[0011] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type specifically includes: calculating the urgency of the current fault traveling wave signal based on the fault location and the fault type; determining a corresponding fault repair plan in a preset maintenance knowledge base according to the urgency; and encapsulating the fault repair plan and the fault location into a fault indication signal.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the urgency of the current fault traveling wave signal is calculated based on the fault location and fault type, and the corresponding fault repair plan is determined in the preset maintenance knowledge base according to the urgency, so as to ensure that the most appropriate repair plan is provided for faults of different urgency levels, and the fault repair plan and the fault location are encapsulated as a fault indication signal, so that relevant personnel can quickly and accurately obtain fault information and maintenance guidance, which can improve the efficiency and pertinence of fault handling and ensure that the fault is solved in a timely and effective manner.

[0013] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client, the method also includes: receiving an indication confirmation response to the fault indication signal sent by the preset client, and determining whether the time of the confirmation response exceeds a preset time threshold; if so, obtaining current power grid load data, and determining whether the current power grid can achieve load transfer based on the current power grid load data; if so, generating a fault isolation instruction and sending it to the preset client.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, an indication confirmation response to a fault indication signal sent by a preset client is received, and it is determined whether the time of the confirmation response exceeds the preset time threshold. If so, the current power grid load data is obtained, and the power grid topology corresponding to the fault area is determined according to the fault location. The load of the fault area is predicted based on the load prediction model to obtain an expected load gap. The spare transmission capacity of the adjacent area lines under the current load is queried according to the power grid topology. If the spare transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, a fault isolation instruction is generated and sent to the preset client, so that the fault can be isolated in time to avoid the expansion of the fault impact.

[0015] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of judging whether the current power grid can achieve load transfer based on the current power grid load data specifically includes: determining the power grid topology corresponding to the fault area based on the fault location; performing load prediction on the fault area based on the load prediction model to obtain an expected load gap; querying the backup transmission capacity of the adjacent area lines under the current load based on the power grid topology, where the current load is the sum of the loads of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs; if the backup transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer can be achieved, and if the backup transmission capacity is not greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer cannot be achieved.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the grid topology structure corresponding to the fault area is determined according to the fault location, the load of the fault area is predicted based on the load prediction model to obtain the expected load gap, and the spare transmission capacity of the adjacent area line under the current load is queried according to the grid topology structure. The current load is the sum of the loads of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs. If the spare transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer can be achieved. If the spare transmission capacity is not greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer cannot be achieved. This can ensure that load transfer is performed reasonably when a fault occurs.

[0017] In combination with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after the step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client, the method further includes: receiving a location confirmation response from the preset client to the fault location, and determining whether there is a fault at the fault location in the location confirmation response; if not, regenerating one or more measurement points and measuring the fault location to obtain actual location information; and sending the actual location information to the preset client.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, after receiving the location confirmation response of the preset client to the fault location, it is determined whether there is a fault at the fault location in the location confirmation response. If there is no fault, it means that there is an error in the previously determined fault location. At this time, one or more measurement points are regenerated and the fault location is measured, which can more accurately locate the actual location of the fault. After obtaining the actual location information through re-measurement, the actual location information is sent to the preset client, so that relevant personnel can obtain more accurate fault location information.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fault judgment system, which includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the fault judgment system to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation method of the first aspect.

[0020] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when the computer program product is run on a fault diagnosis system, enables the fault diagnosis system to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation method of the first aspect.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions. When the instructions are executed on a fault diagnosis system, the fault diagnosis system executes the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation method of the first aspect.

[0022] It is understandable that the fault diagnosis system provided in the second aspect, the computer program product provided in the third aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fourth aspect are all used to execute the method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding method, which will not be repeated here.

[0023] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. The present application detects the fault traveling wave signal in the current transmission cable to obtain characteristic parameters including arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectral characteristics and transient energy. The arrival time is used to calculate the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measurement points, and then determine the fault location, that is, the distance from the fault point to the measurement point. The amplitude, steepness, spectral characteristics and transient energy are used to analyze and obtain the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, so as to judge the fault type. Based on the fault location and fault type, a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan are generated and sent to the preset client. The fault traveling wave signal can be accurately detected, the characteristic parameters of the fault traveling wave signal can be analyzed, and the fault location and type can be determined more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of cable fault judgment.

[0024] 2. The present application sets one or more measurement points and collects the current fault traveling wave signal when the fault occurs at the measurement points. Since the measurement position of the measurement point is known, the fault position can be accurately calculated based on the arrival time of the current fault traveling wave signal at each measurement point and the measurement position coordinates of the measurement point. By making full use of the propagation characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal at different positions, the error and uncertainty that may be caused by a single measurement point is avoided. By verifying and supplementing the data of multiple measurement points, the fault position can be determined more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault location.

[0025] 3. The present application determines the grid topology corresponding to the fault area according to the fault location, predicts the load of the fault area based on the load prediction model, obtains the expected load gap, and queries the backup transmission capacity of the adjacent area lines under the current load according to the grid topology. The current load is the sum of the loads of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs. If the backup transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer can be achieved. If the backup transmission capacity is not greater than the expected load gap, it is judged that load transfer cannot be achieved. This ensures that load transfer is performed reasonably when a fault occurs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is another flow chart of a fault determination method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a fault data diagram of a fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a physical device of the fault diagnosis system in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be used as limitations to the present application. As used in the specification of the present application, the singular expressions "one", "a kind of", "above", "the" and "this" are intended to also include plural expressions, unless there is a clear indication to the contrary in the context. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application refers to any or all possible combinations comprising one or more of the listed items.

[0028] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as suggesting or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0029] The following is a description of the process of the method provided by this implementation. Figure 1 , which is a flow chart of a fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] S101. Detect a fault traveling wave signal in a current transmission cable to obtain the current fault traveling wave signal and characteristic parameters of the current fault traveling wave signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy.

[0031] Among them, the fault traveling wave signal refers to the electromagnetic wave signal generated when a transmission cable fails. The arrival time indicates the moment when the fault traveling wave signal arrives at the detection point. The amplitude is used to indicate the maximum amplitude of the fault traveling wave signal. The steepness refers to the rate at which the fault traveling wave signal rises or falls. The spectrum characteristics are used to describe the distribution characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal in the frequency domain. The transient energy indicates the amount of energy released by the fault traveling wave signal in a short period of time.

[0032] Specifically, when a fault occurs in the transmission cable, the system will immediately start the fault detection program. First, the fault traveling wave signal is collected by the sensor installed on the cable. Then, the collected signal is analyzed using digital signal processing technology to extract characteristic parameters such as arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy. The characteristic parameters contain the key information of the fault traveling wave signal.

[0033] In some embodiments, the detection and feature parameter extraction of the fault traveling wave signal can be achieved in a variety of ways: Optionally, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter can be used to sample the fault traveling wave signal, and the sampling frequency is usually between several MHz and tens of MHz to ensure that the high-frequency components are captured. Then, a digital filter is used to preprocess the sampled data to remove noise and interference. Next, the arrival time and amplitude are extracted by the time domain analysis method, and the steepness information is obtained by calculating the first-order derivative of the signal. Finally, the spectral characteristics of the signal are analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the transient energy is calculated by integration. Optionally, the wavelet transform method can also be used to perform multi-scale analysis on the fault traveling wave signal. First, select a suitable wavelet basis function to decompose the signal. Then, the arrival time and amplitude information are extracted by analyzing the wavelet coefficients of different scales. Then, the steepness is calculated using the rate of change of the wavelet coefficients. The time-frequency characteristics of the signal are then obtained by wavelet packet decomposition, thereby analyzing the spectral characteristics. Finally, the square sum of the wavelet coefficients of each scale is calculated to estimate the transient energy. It is understandable that other signal processing methods may also be used to implement fault traveling wave signal detection and feature extraction, such as matched filtering, empirical mode decomposition, etc., which are not limited here.

[0034] S102: Calculate the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measuring points based on the arrival time, and determine the fault position based on the time difference, where the fault position is the distance from the fault point to the measuring point.

[0035] The measurement point refers to the location where the sensor is installed on the transmission cable to collect the fault traveling wave signal. The time difference represents the time interval between the fault traveling wave signal reaching different measurement points. The fault location refers to the specific location where the fault occurs, usually expressed as the distance from a reference point.

[0036] Specifically, after obtaining the arrival time of the fault traveling wave signal at different measurement points, the system will calculate the difference between these times. Since the propagation speed of the fault traveling wave signal in the cable is known (usually close to 60%-80% of the speed of light), the time difference and propagation speed can be used to calculate the distance from the fault point to each measurement point. Through triangulation or other algorithms, the data of multiple measurement points can be combined to accurately determine the specific location of the fault.

[0037] It is understandable that the specific measurement method is given in S202.

[0038] S103, analyzing based on the amplitude, the steepness, the frequency spectrum characteristics and the transient energy to obtain a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, and analyzing based on the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram to obtain a fault type.

[0039] Among them, the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram refers to the graphical representation obtained by analyzing and visualizing the parameters such as the amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy of the fault traveling wave signal. The fault type indicates the specific form of the transmission cable fault, such as short circuit fault, line break fault, etc.

[0040] Specifically, after obtaining the amplitude, steepness, spectral characteristics and transient energy of the fault traveling wave signal, the system will call the signal analysis algorithm and draw a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram based on these characteristic parameters. Optionally, a spectrum diagram can be drawn with frequency as the horizontal axis and amplitude as the vertical axis to represent the spectrum distribution; a steepness diagram can be drawn with time as the horizontal axis and steepness as the vertical axis to represent the steepness change trend; a polar coordinate diagram can be drawn, and the distance from the origin represents the size of the characteristic parameter value. Multiple characteristic parameters can also be combined as an indicator to draw radar charts, etc. These graphics intuitively show the characteristics of the fault traveling wave signal in the time domain, frequency domain and parameters.

[0041] Then, the system will analyze the shape, data range, change trend and other information of the feature graph, and refer to the feature templates corresponding to different fault types in the fault knowledge base to determine what type of fault the fault traveling wave signal belongs to. For example, a sudden increase in high frequency in the spectrum graph may indicate a lightning fault; a sharp fluctuation in the steepness graph may indicate a short circuit fault, etc. There are distinguishable differences in the morphology of the feature graphs of different fault types. Ultimately, it can be determined which type of fault it belongs to, such as a short circuit fault or a broken line fault.

[0042] S104: Generate a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and send the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client.

[0043] Among them, the fault location refers to the specific location on the transmission cable where the fault occurs; the fault type is the fault form obtained through the previous analysis, such as short circuit fault, line break fault, etc.; the fault indication signal is an instruction data packet containing fault-related information, which is sent to the client of the maintenance personnel; the fault maintenance plan is the solution process formulated for the fault.

[0044] Specifically, after obtaining the location and type of the fault, the system will query the preset fault knowledge base and match the maintenance plan with the most historical statistics based on the location and type. For example, there will be different priorities and recommended plans for faults in different areas; there will also be corresponding steps and precautions for different types of faults. Then, the system will encapsulate the fault location, type information, and maintenance plan into a fault indication signal in a standard format and send it to the maintenance personnel's mobile terminal through the network. After receiving the signal, the client will actively push or the maintenance personnel will actively query to obtain the fault details and maintenance process, and quickly and efficiently handle the fault according to the instructions, shortening the time to locate and handle the fault.

[0045] The following is a more detailed description of the process of the method provided by this implementation. Figure 2 , which is another flow chart of the fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] S201. Detect a fault traveling wave signal in a current transmission cable to obtain the current fault traveling wave signal and characteristic parameters of the current fault traveling wave signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy.

[0047] It can be understood that this step is similar to step S101 and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] S202: Calculate the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measuring points based on the arrival time, and determine the fault position based on the time difference, where the fault position is the distance from the fault point to the measuring point.

[0049] This step specifically includes: One or more measuring points are set, and current fault traveling wave signals when a fault occurs are collected at the measuring points, respectively. The measuring positions of the measuring points are known.

[0050] In this step, multiple measuring points are set at key locations of the transmission cable line. When a transmission cable fails, the sensor will detect and collect the fault traveling wave signals generated by these fault points in real time, and output digital signals. The fault location is calculated by recording the collection time of the current fault traveling wave signals at different measuring points.

[0051] For example, when a fault occurs at point F inside a line MN monitored by the device, the transient traveling wave generated by the sudden change in voltage at the fault point will propagate from the fault point to both ends of the line at a speed v (close to the speed of light, depending on the line distribution parameters). When the initial traveling wave surge of the fault reaches the M-end and N-end busbars, reflection and transmission will occur simultaneously, and the busbar reflected wave will propagate in the direction of the fault. When the busbar reflected wave reaches the fault point, reflection and transmission will also occur simultaneously, and the corresponding fault point reflected wave and transmitted wave will propagate in the direction of the local and opposite end buses respectively.

[0052] The fault location is calculated according to the arrival time of the current fault traveling wave signal at each measuring point and the measuring position coordinates of the measuring point.

[0053] Obtain the arrival time data of the current fault traveling wave signal output by the sensors at different measurement points, as well as the location coordinate data of the measurement points. Then, the system will calculate the theoretical propagation time of the signal from the fault point to the measurement point at each measurement point based on the propagation model and the propagation speed of the signal in the cable. Referring to the arrival time of the fault signal actually collected at the measurement point, the time difference between the signal sending time and the arrival time at each measurement point can be calculated.

[0054] The fault location can be calculated in the following ways: For D-type ranging, assume that the initial fault wave surge reaches the measurement points at both ends of the line and triggers the corresponding ranging device at the GPS time T_M and T_N respectively. According to the D-type double-end fault ranging principle, the distance from the fault point to the M end and the N end can be expressed as: D_MF=1 / 2[v(T_M−T_N)+L], D_NF=1 / 2[v(T_N−T_M)+L]. The accuracy of the D-type double-end traveling wave ranging principle is affected by factors such as the time synchronization system and line length. In actual operation, it is a common situation that the inaccurate line length leads to large ranging errors. The single-end ranging method can be used or the line length can be verified by the regional power grid. The single-end ranging method is suitable for the case where the fault point is located in the middle of the line; the regional power grid is suitable for the case where the fault point is close to the bus and is located in the single-end ranging dead zone. The error is large due to factors such as the bus and dispersion.

[0055] For type A ranging, let T_M be the time when the device captures the initial fault wave surge reaching the M-end bus, and T_M1 be the time when the bus reflection wave of the opposite end is captured. Then the distance from the fault point to the N end is: D_NF=1 / 2v(T_M1−T_M). Let T_M be the time when the device captures the reflection wave after the initial fault wave surge reaches the M-end bus, and T_M2 be the time when the bus reflection wave is captured at the fault point. Then the distance from the fault point to the M end is: D_MF=1 / 2v(T_M2−T_M). The main problem of the existing single-end ranging algorithm in practical application is that it is difficult to identify the reflection wave, and the ranging accuracy cannot be guaranteed when the wave head is incorrectly identified. However, when the reflected wave head is accurately identified, its ranging accuracy is basically close to the D-type double-end ranging method. From a practical point of view, an optimized combined ranging mode with double-end ranging as the main and single-end ranging as the auxiliary should be established.

[0056] E-type distance measurement, for permanent faults, when the DC transmission line protection device performs reclosing action, the transient traveling wave generated will produce reflection and transmission when it reaches the fault point. Assume that the time when the device captures the initial traveling wave surge of the busbar at the M end is T_M, and the time when the reflected wave at the fault point is T_M1, then the distance from the fault point to the M end is: D_MF=1 / 2v(T_M1−T_M).

[0057] S203 , analyzing based on the amplitude, the steepness, the frequency spectrum characteristics and the transient energy to obtain a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, and analyzing based on the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram to obtain a fault type.

[0058] This step specifically includes: The amplitude, the steepness, the spectrum characteristics and the transient energy are extracted based on a signal processing algorithm to obtain the digital characteristics of the current fault traveling wave signal.

[0059] In this step, the amplitude refers to the maximum amplitude of the fault traveling wave signal. The steepness is the rate at which the fault traveling wave signal rises or falls. The spectrum characteristics are used to describe the distribution of the fault traveling wave signal in the frequency domain. The transient energy indicates the energy released by the fault traveling wave signal in a short period of time. The digital features are the parameters of these analog signals converted into digital quantities for representation.

[0060] The system processes the extracted amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy by calling preset signal processing algorithms, such as wavelet transform, fast Fourier transform, etc., and converts them into characteristic parameters in the digital domain. For example, the digital size of the amplitude, the rate of change of the steepness, etc. can be counted; the digital characteristics of the spectrum distribution can be obtained; and the value of the transient energy can be calculated.

[0061] A fault traveling wave characteristic diagram of the current fault traveling wave signal is drawn according to the digital characteristic.

[0062] In this step, the digital feature is a parameter digital representation of the current fault traveling wave signal obtained in the previous step. The fault traveling wave feature diagram is a diagram that displays the digital feature in a graphical manner.

[0063] The system will call the graphics drawing module, input the digital feature data obtained earlier, and draw the digital features into intuitive graphic charts according to specific graphic mapping rules. For example, you can draw a spectrum distribution graph, with the horizontal axis representing frequency and the vertical axis representing the corresponding amplitude; you can draw a steepness change graph, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the steepness value. Different digital features can be drawn into different types of graphics.

[0064] If, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there is a peak current that exceeds the preset first threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a lightning fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there is a peak current that exceeds the preset second threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a short circuit fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there are all currents that are not lower than the preset third threshold and not higher than the preset fourth threshold and there are periodic fluctuations between the preset third threshold and the preset fourth threshold, it is judged to be an in-station fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there are fluctuations within a preset period and the preset normal value is restored outside the preset period, it is judged to be a line break fault.

[0065] In this step, if Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 It is a fault data diagram of a fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types in an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] exist Figure 3 In Figure 3 As shown in the lightning fault (A) in Figure 1, part (A) is a typical lightning fault waveform with a high proportion of high-frequency components, characterized by a sudden and sharp rise and fall. The highest point of the waveform exceeds 3 amperes, and then quickly drops to below -5 amperes. This sharp peak and deep drop indicate the transient overcurrent caused by lightning. Figure 3 As shown in the short-circuit fault (B), the waveform of the short-circuit fault gradually decays after reaching a smaller peak value, with a peak value of about 0.4 amperes. The peak value of the short-circuit fault is not as high as that of the lightning fault, but it still conforms to the general characteristics of the short-circuit fault, that is, the current gradually decreases after reaching the peak value, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 As shown in the (C) disconnection fault in the figure, a regular sinusoidal waveform fluctuates up and down within a certain threshold. This disconnection fault waveform indicates that the electrical equipment is operating normally under a controlled environment or there may be slight fluctuations, such as slight changes caused by equipment aging or parameter adjustment, such as Figure 3As shown in (D) for the in-station fault, the waveform of the in-station fault is stable for most of the time, with a fluctuation in the middle before returning to normal. This indicates that there is a one-time connection problem or line break in the wire, causing the current to be abnormal for a certain period of time, and then return to normal as the line is repaired or the conditions change.

[0067] S204: Generate a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and send the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client.

[0068] This step specifically includes: The urgency of the current fault traveling wave signal is calculated based on the fault location and the fault type.

[0069] In this step, the urgency of the corresponding fault signal is calculated based on the fault location and fault type that have been determined. If the fault location is close to an important power consumption area or a serious fault occurs on a trunk line, the urgency will be relatively high. The system can calculate a comprehensive urgency level as the urgency of the current fault signal based on the preset urgency calculation model by evaluating the importance of the fault location, the severity of the fault type, the impact range and other factors.

[0070] According to the degree of urgency, a corresponding fault repair plan is determined in a preset repair knowledge base.

[0071] In this step, after obtaining the urgency of the current fault signal, the system will search for a matching maintenance solution in the pre-established maintenance knowledge base. The knowledge base presets different maintenance processes, steps and precautions according to the urgency and type of the fault. The system will determine the most suitable maintenance solution for the current fault situation in the knowledge base based on the calculated urgency value. For example, a serious fault with a high urgency will match a quick emergency plan, while a general fault will match a maintenance process with standard steps.

[0072] The fault repair solution and the fault location are encapsulated as a fault indication signal.

[0073] In this step, after obtaining the corresponding fault repair plan, the system needs to generate a fault indication signal and send it to the maintenance personnel. The system will encapsulate the text information such as the steps and precautions involved in the repair plan, as well as the fault location information that has been determined, into a standard signal in a fixed protocol format, and then send the generated fault indication signal to the maintenance personnel's mobile terminal to guide subsequent precise maintenance.

[0074] S205: Receive an indication confirmation response to the fault indication signal sent by the preset client, and determine whether the time of the confirmation response exceeds a preset time threshold.

[0075] The preset client refers to the mobile terminal operated by the maintenance personnel who receives the fault indication signal. The indication confirmation response refers to the confirmation message sent by the client to the system after receiving the fault indication signal. The confirmation response time refers to the time interval from the client receiving the fault indication signal to the end of sending the confirmation response message to the system. The preset time threshold is a time value preset by the system to determine whether the confirmation response time is too long.

[0076] Specifically, after the system sends a fault indication signal to the preset client, it will wait to receive a confirmation response from the client. When receiving the confirmation response from the client, the system will obtain the current time and calculate whether the time interval of the confirmation response exceeds the preset time threshold. If the confirmation response time is within the preset time threshold, it means that the client's confirmation response time is normal; if the confirmation response time exceeds the preset time threshold, it means that the client's response time is too long and needs to attract the attention of the system. The system monitors the response efficiency of the client by judging the confirmation response time. If the response time is too long, it may indicate that there is a delay in the client's handling of the fault, and the system needs to take the next step.

[0077] S206: If exceeded, obtain current grid load data.

[0078] Among them, the power grid load data refers to the real-time load conditions of each area in the power grid when a fault occurs, including data such as the user load size and line load conditions in each area.

[0079] Specifically, if the confirmation response time of the client exceeds the preset time threshold, the system will determine that there may be a delay in the client's fault processing. At this time, the system needs to obtain the real-time load data of the current power grid to determine the current load status of the power grid and prepare for subsequent load transfer analysis. The system is equipped with collection devices for monitoring the power grid load. These collection devices are deployed at key nodes of the power grid and can collect the load conditions of the node area. When the confirmation response times out, the system will send a control instruction to the collection device, instructing the collection device to obtain the real-time load data of the node where it is located. At the same time, the system will call the power grid topology information in the database to determine all the nodes that need to be collected. Then, the system will collect the real-time load data sent by all collection devices, and organize the generation of a complete load data report of the current power grid, which includes the real-time load conditions of each area.

[0080] If not, the next step of the preset client after confirming the fault indication signal is obtained, and the maintenance personnel are waited for maintenance. After the maintenance personnel completes the maintenance, a maintenance report is generated from the maintenance record and sent to the preset client.

[0081] S207: Determine a power grid topology structure corresponding to the fault area according to the fault location.

[0082] The fault location refers to the location information of the grid node where the fault occurs. The grid topology refers to the specific connection structure of the grid, including substations, lines, loads and other components and the connection relationship between them.

[0083] Specifically, after obtaining the real-time load data of the current power grid, the system needs to determine the power grid topology corresponding to the area where the fault occurred based on the fault location information that has been determined. The system stores the complete topology information of the power grid by default. It contains all the substations, transmission lines, load points of the power grid and the connection relationship between them. According to the fault location, the system will search the power grid topology information for the area containing the location, and then extract the power grid topology information of the area, that is, determine the power grid topology corresponding to the area where the fault occurred. The topology information includes key information such as lines, substations, and load size in the area.

[0084] S208: Perform load prediction on the fault area based on the load prediction model to obtain an estimated load gap.

[0085] The load prediction model refers to a mathematical model used to predict the load conditions of a certain area at a future time. Load prediction refers to the application of the prediction model to estimate the expected load of the fault area at the time of load transfer. The expected load gap refers to the difference between the predicted load of the fault area and the actual available load.

[0086] Specifically, after the system obtains the grid topology information of the fault area, it needs to predict the expected load situation in the area when performing load transfer. The system presets and stores multiple load prediction models trained based on historical data for specific situations in different areas. The system will call the data set and model corresponding to the fault area. The input includes the load curve of the area at the same time in the past week, and the output is the load forecast of each node in the area for the next 3 hours. The system will summarize the load forecast results of each node to obtain the total predicted load of the area during the load transfer period. The system then compares the predicted load with the actual available backup load in the area, and the difference is used as the expected load gap.

[0087] S209: query the backup transmission capacity of the adjacent area line under the current load according to the power grid topology structure, where the current load is the total load of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs.

[0088] The grid topology includes information about the lines in the adjacent areas. The standby transmission capacity refers to the remaining load capacity that can be transmitted on the basis of the current load. The current load refers to the sum of the power loads of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs.

[0089] Specifically, after the system predicts the expected load gap in the fault area, it needs to query the spare transmission capacity of the adjacent area to determine whether additional load can be provided. The system has obtained the grid topology information of the adjacent area. The system will search for the adjacent area line data in the topology structure and obtain the rated capacity of each line. At the same time, the system calls the latest load forecast report and extracts the predicted total load of the adjacent area during the fault period in the report. Subtract the predicted total load of the adjacent area from the rated capacity of the line to obtain the spare transmission capacity of each line in that period.

[0090] S210: If the standby transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, it is determined that load transfer can be achieved; if the standby transmission capacity is not greater than the expected load gap, it is determined that load transfer cannot be achieved.

[0091] The spare transmission capacity refers to the additional load that the adjacent area line can carry under the current load. The expected load gap is the additional load demand predicted for the fault area.

[0092] Specifically, after the analysis in the previous steps, the system has obtained the current spare transmission capacity data of the adjacent area and the estimated load gap size of the fault area. The system will compare the two: if the total spare transmission capacity of the adjacent area is greater than or equal to the estimated load gap of the fault area, it means that the spare capacity of the adjacent area can meet the additional load transferred from the fault area, and the system determines that load transfer can be achieved. If the total spare transmission capacity of the adjacent area is less than the estimated load gap of the fault area, it means that the spare capacity of the adjacent area cannot meet the additional load demand of the fault area, and the system determines that load transfer cannot be achieved.

[0093] S211: If yes, generate a fault isolation instruction and send it to the preset client.

[0094] The fault isolation instruction is a control instruction sent by the system to the client to perform an isolation operation.

[0095] Specifically, if the system determines that load transfer can be achieved, indicating that the current spare capacity meets the demand, the system will generate an isolation control instruction for the fault area. The instruction will contain the number information of the faulty line and substation to be isolated. The system will encrypt and authenticate the generated isolation instruction through a digital signature, and then send the instruction to the preset maintenance personnel client. The client that receives the instruction will first perform authentication and decryption. After authenticating that the source of the instruction is legitimate, the maintenance personnel will go to the relevant substation or line site according to the content of the instruction, operate the circuit breaker to isolate the fault area, and complete the preparations before load transfer.

[0096] If not, prompt messages will continue to appear to remind maintenance personnel to repair the fault point.

[0097] S212: Receive a location confirmation response from the preset client to the fault location, and determine whether there is a fault at the fault location in the location confirmation response.

[0098] The location confirmation response is a confirmation report sent to the system by the client's maintenance personnel after an on-site inspection of the fault location determined by the system. The report contains the inspection results of the fault location. The system will parse the report content to determine whether the fault location in the report actually occurred as determined by the system.

[0099] Specifically, after receiving the fault location information sent by the system, the maintenance personnel of the client will take the detection equipment to the location for on-site inspection. After the inspection is completed, the maintenance personnel will send a location confirmation response report to the system. The report will include whether the current, voltage and other parameters at the location are normal, and whether short circuits, broken wires and other faults determined by the system are found. After receiving the response report, the system will parse the report content. For example, if the report shows that the current at the location is normal and no short circuit fault is found as determined by the system, the system can determine that no actual fault has occurred at the fault location.

[0100] It is understandable that step S212 may be executed after step S211 or after step S204, which is not limited here.

[0101] S213: If it does not exist, regenerate one or more measurement points and measure the fault location to obtain actual location information.

[0102] If the system determines that no actual fault has occurred at the specified fault location, it determines that the original fault location result is wrong. At this time, the system will reselect the measurement point location of the sensor and regenerate the measurement plan. For example, sensors can be set up at multiple new points near the original fault location. Then, the client's maintenance personnel are instructed to operate according to the new measurement plan and collect signal data. The system analyzes the new measurement point data of this round, repeats the positioning process, and finally obtains the new actual fault location.

[0103] If it exists, wait for the preset client to proceed to the next step.

[0104] S214: Send the actual location information to the preset client.

[0105] The system organizes the actual fault location information determined by the new measurement into a location update notification and sends it to the preset client. After the client receives it, the maintenance personnel will obtain the new actual fault location and go to the correct location for processing. Repositioning avoids maintenance errors and improves maintenance efficiency.

[0106] The following describes the fault judgment system in the embodiment of the present invention from the perspective of hardware processing. Figure 4 , which is a schematic diagram of a physical device structure of a fault diagnosis system in an embodiment of the present application.

[0107] It should be noted that Figure 4 The structure of the fault judgment system shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0108] like Figure 4 As shown, the fault judgment system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 402 or the program loaded from the storage part 408 to the random access memory (RAM) 403, such as executing the method described in the above embodiment. Various programs and data required for system operation are also stored in RAM 403. CPU 401, ROM 402 and RAM 403 are connected to each other through bus 404. Input / output (I / O) interface 405 is also connected to bus 404.

[0109] The following components are connected to the I / O interface 405: an input section 306 including an audio input device, a button switch, etc.; an output section 407 including a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an audio output device, an indicator light, etc.; a storage section 408 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 409 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, a modem, etc. The communication section 409 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 410 is also connected to the I / O interface 405 as needed. A removable medium 411, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 410 as needed so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 408 as needed.

[0110] In particular, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present invention includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes a computer program for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication part 409, and / or installed from a removable medium 411. When the computer program is executed by the central processing unit (CPU) 401, various functions defined in the present invention are performed.

[0111] It should be noted that specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0112] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each box in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of a code, and the above-mentioned module, program segment, or a part of a code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box may also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings.

[0113] Specifically, the fault diagnosis system of this embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the fault diagnosis method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types provided by the above embodiment is implemented.

[0114] As another aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the fault diagnosis system described in the above embodiment; or may exist independently without being assembled into the fault diagnosis system. The above storage medium carries one or more computer programs, and when the above one or more computer programs are executed by a processor of the fault diagnosis system, the fault diagnosis system implements the fault diagnosis method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types provided in the above embodiment.

[0115] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0116] As used in the above embodiments, the term "when..." may be interpreted to mean "if..." or "after..." or "in response to determining..." or "in response to detecting...", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "upon determining..." or "if (the stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted to mean "if determining..." or "in response to determining..." or "upon detecting (the stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)", depending on the context.

[0117] Those skilled in the art can understand that to implement all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments, the processes can be completed by computer programs to instruct related hardware, and the programs can be stored in computer-readable storage media. When the programs are executed, they can include the processes of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The aforementioned storage media include: ROM or random access memory RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

Claims

1. A fault judgment method for efficiently identifying and classifying cable fault types, characterized in that: Applied to a fault diagnosis system, the method comprises: Detecting the fault traveling wave signal in the current transmission cable to obtain the current fault traveling wave signal and characteristic parameters of the current fault traveling wave signal, wherein the characteristic parameters include arrival time, amplitude, steepness, spectrum characteristics and transient energy; Calculate the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measuring points based on the arrival time, and determine the fault position based on the time difference, wherein the fault position is the distance from the fault point to the measuring point; Analyzing based on the amplitude, the steepness, the spectrum characteristics and the transient energy to obtain a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, and analyzing based on the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram to obtain a fault type; A fault indication signal and a fault repair plan are generated based on the fault location and the fault type, and the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan are sent to a preset client.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of calculating the time difference of the fault traveling wave signal between different measurement points based on the arrival time, and determining the fault location based on the time difference specifically includes: Setting one or more measuring points, and collecting the current fault traveling wave signals when the fault occurs at the measuring points, respectively, wherein the measuring positions of the measuring points are known; The fault location is calculated according to the arrival time of the current fault traveling wave signal at each measuring point and the measuring position coordinates of the measuring point.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of obtaining a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram by analyzing based on the amplitude, the steepness, the spectrum characteristics and the transient energy, and obtaining a fault type by analyzing based on the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram specifically includes: Extracting the amplitude, the steepness, the spectrum characteristics and the transient energy based on a signal processing algorithm to obtain digital features of the current fault traveling wave signal; Draw a fault traveling wave characteristic diagram of the current fault traveling wave signal according to the digital characteristics; If, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there is a peak current that exceeds a preset first threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a lightning fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there is a peak current that exceeds a preset second threshold and gradually decreases after exceeding the preset first threshold, it is judged to be a short circuit fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there are all currents that are not lower than a preset third threshold and not higher than a preset fourth threshold and there are periodic fluctuations between the preset third threshold and the preset fourth threshold, it is judged to be an in-station fault; if, in the fault traveling wave characteristic diagram, there are fluctuations within a preset period and the preset normal value is restored outside the preset period, it is judged to be a line break fault.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type specifically includes: Calculating the urgency of the current fault traveling wave signal based on the fault location and the fault type; Determine a corresponding fault repair plan in a preset repair knowledge base according to the urgency; The fault repair plan and the fault location are encapsulated as a fault indication signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client, the method further includes: receiving an indication confirmation response to the fault indication signal sent by the preset client, and determining whether the time of the confirmation response exceeds a preset time threshold; If it exceeds, the current grid load data is obtained, and it is determined whether the current grid can realize load transfer according to the current grid load data; If possible, a fault isolation instruction is generated and sent to the preset client.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step of judging whether the current power grid can realize load transfer according to the current power grid load data specifically includes: Determine a power grid topology structure corresponding to the fault area according to the fault location; Performing load forecasting on the fault area based on a load forecasting model to obtain an estimated load gap; Querying the backup transmission capacity of the adjacent area line under the current load according to the power grid topology, wherein the current load is the sum of the loads of all users in the adjacent area when the fault occurs; If the spare transmission capacity is greater than the expected load gap, it is determined that load transfer can be achieved; if the spare transmission capacity is not greater than the expected load gap, it is determined that load transfer cannot be achieved.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the step of generating a fault indication signal and a fault repair plan based on the fault location and the fault type, and sending the fault indication signal and the fault repair plan to a preset client, the method further includes: Receiving a location confirmation response from the preset client to the fault location, and determining whether there is a fault at the fault location in the location confirmation response; If it does not exist, one or more measurement points are regenerated and the fault location is measured to obtain the actual location information; The actual location information is sent to the preset client.

8. A fault diagnosis system, characterized in that: The fault judgment system includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the fault judgment system to execute the method described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that: When the instruction is executed on a fault diagnosis system, the fault diagnosis system is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program product runs on a fault diagnosis system, the fault diagnosis system is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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