Evaluation method based on water area ecosystem protection and restoration

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecology monitoring, and particularly relates to an evaluation method based on water area ecosystem protection and restoration, and the evaluation method comprises the following steps: S1, a preparation stage: collecting, sorting, analyzing and monitoring water area water ecology environment condition data; s2, an investigation stage: selecting water ecological environment investigation indexes of the monitored water area; s3, an analysis and evaluation stage: evaluating the water environment quality and aquatic organisms; and S4, an achievement summarizing stage: summarizing the water environment quality and aquatic organism evaluation results. According to the method, the monitored water area condition can be investigated and evaluated, water ecological environment background data can be obtained, and subsequent targeted improvement of protection measures is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological monitoring, and in particular relates to an evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. Background Art

[0002] To promote the continuous improvement of the national water ecological environment quality, in 2021, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, based on years of exploration and pilot projects, officially issued the "Working Mechanism for Discovering and Promoting the Solution of Water Ecological and Environmental Problems (Trial)" (Environmental Office Water Body Letter

[2021] No. 224). The analysis of the water ecological environment situation has become an important tool for my country's water ecological environment supervision. The role of the water ecological environment situation analysis is to accurately identify areas where water ecological environment work is lagging behind, and to provide direction and guidance for subsequent water ecological environment supervision work. It is an extremely important and basic leading link.

[0003] In recent years, there have been certain problems with the stability and integrity of the Dongjiang Lake basin ecosystem. It is urgent to propose precise plans and countermeasures for the restoration and governance of the Dongjiang Lake basin. Conducting an ecological survey of the Dongjiang Lake basin is the premise and basis for precise governance. It comprehensively diagnoses the problems existing in the health of the water ecological environment in the Dongjiang Lake basin, and deeply analyzes the causes and mechanisms of the problems. On this basis, the latest evaluation technology and methods are used to comprehensively evaluate the water ecological environment quality status of the Dongjiang Lake basin. According to the deficiencies and shortcomings found in the evaluation, scientific guidance opinions on protecting and improving the water ecological environment quality of the Dongjiang Lake basin are put forward, and further countermeasures and plans for ecological security protection are proposed, providing theoretical basis, technology and data support for the protection of the ecological environment of the Dongjiang Lake basin. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, which can investigate and evaluate the status of monitored water areas, obtain background data on the water ecological environment, and facilitate subsequent targeted improvement of protection measures.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, the evaluation method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Preparatory stage: used to collect, collate and analyze data on the status of the water ecological environment in the monitored waters;

[0008] In S1, the preparation stage includes the following steps:

[0009] S11: Collect and sort out data on water restoration through literature review, including historical hydrology, water quality, eutrophication, human economic activities, water ecological environment quality survey and monitoring data of rivers entering the lake, construction status of drinking water sources that meet standards, population and townships in the reservoir area, GDP economic and social data, list of point and non-point source pollution sources, gas stations in the reservoir area, roads around the reservoir, risk sources of tailings ponds, environmental protection investment and industrial structure data;

[0010] S12: Conduct on-site surveys of the water ecological environment and set up monitoring points in the main rivers entering the lake according to river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity;

[0011] S13: The monitoring water area is divided according to the river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity, and 10 monitoring points are set up, with the monitoring water area monitoring point as the center and the surrounding 100m range monitored;

[0012] S14: Select ecological environment samples for the survival of aquatic organisms within the monitoring range, and investigate other water quality and aquatic environmental parameter indicators for data collection.

[0013] S2: Investigation stage: used to select water ecological environment investigation indicators for the monitored waters;

[0014] In S2, the monitoring water area survey indicators include water quality survey, water body ecological environment status survey, bottom soil and sediment survey and water resources survey.

[0015] The specific contents of the survey indicators are as follows:

[0016] The water quality survey of the monitored waters includes 24 basic water quality monitoring indicators, chlorophyll a and turbidity; dissolved oxygen, potassium permanganate index, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, transparency, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus sensitivity parameters are selected as water quality evaluation indicators;

[0017] The ecological environment status survey of the monitored water bodies includes the number of fish species in the water bodies, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, the community structure of zooplankton, ecological environment characteristics, comprehensive nutritional status and ecological flow compliance rate;

[0018] Among them, the survey of the ecological environment status of water bodies in the main upstream rivers includes the number of fish species in the water body, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, ecological environment characteristics, water body connectivity, comprehensive pollution status, pollution intensity during flood season, and ecological flow compliance rate;

[0019] The bottom and sediment survey of monitored waters is mainly divided into physical property observation and chemical index testing;

[0020] Physical property observations include color, odor, oil pollution, and bottom sediment types; bottom sediment types include silt, sand, clay, coarse sand, gravel, pebbles, and rocks;

[0021] The chemical index test mainly considers the particle size and water content of the sediment, and supplements the survey indicators according to the typical pollution characteristics and geological background characteristics of the basin: including particle size, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and characteristic heavy metals;

[0022] Water resources survey includes runoff, water resources development and utilization rate, and water resources development and utilization intensity.

[0023] S3: Analysis and evaluation stage: used to evaluate water environment quality and aquatic organisms;

[0024] In S3, for the monitored waters, the total phosphorus TP, total nitrogen TN, transparency SD, permanganate index COD Mn Based on the monitoring results of chlorophyll a and Chla, the comprehensive nutritional status index TLI was calculated to evaluate the nutritional status;

[0025] The calculation formula of comprehensive nutritional status index ∑TLI is:

[0026] ∑TLI=∑W j ·TLI j (1)

[0027] Where, ∑TLI is the comprehensive nutritional status index, W j is the weight of the jth parameter, TLI j Nutritional status sub-index of the jth parameter;

[0028] TLI j The calculation of is as follows:

[0029] (1)TLI(Chla)=10(2.5+1.086×lnρ(Chla))

[0030] (2)TLI(TP)=10(9.436+1.624×lnρ(TP))

[0031] (3)TLI(TN)=10(5.453+1.694×lnρ(TN))

[0032] (4)TLI(SD)=10(5.118-1.94×lnd(SD))

[0033] (5)TLI(COD Mn )=10(0.109+2.661×lnρ(COD Mn ))

[0034] Wherein, Chla unit is μg / L, SD unit is m; other indicators unit are mg / L.

[0035] In S3, large benthic animals are used to evaluate biological conditions in river stations, phytoplankton and zooplankton are used to evaluate biological conditions in monitoring waters, and Shannon-Wiener index H′, uniformity index J, biological index BI, and biological monitoring working group score BMWP are used as biological evaluation indices. The formula is:

[0036]

[0037] Where H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, and N is the total number of individuals;

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, J is the evenness index, N is the number of species, and H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index;

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, BI is the biological index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, N is the total number of individuals, t i The pollution tolerance value of species i;

[0042]

[0043] Where, BMWP is the score of the biological monitoring working group, N Z The number of taxa at the family level, i is the i-th species, F i Scoring of subject i.

[0044] S4: Results summary stage: Summarize the water environment quality and aquatic biological assessment results.

[0045] In S4, the evaluation results of water environment quality and aquatic organisms are as follows:

[0046] Water environment quality evaluation results: According to the water quality test results, the water quality of the monitored waters is generally excellent. The water quality of 13 stations meets the surface water Class I standard, 6 stations are Class II, and 1 station is Class III. The water quality of the stations is excellent, accounting for 95%;

[0047] Evaluation results of aquatic life: The Shannon-Wiener Index, BI Index and BMWP Index of large benthic animals were used to evaluate the rivers in the monitored waters. The Shannon-Wiener Index evaluation grades ranged from medium to excellent, and the overall aquatic life condition in the rivers was excellent. The BI index evaluation grades ranged from poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally good. The BMWP index evaluation grades ranged from very poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally at a medium level.

[0048] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0049] The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems of the present invention can effectively obtain water ecological environment data by conducting on-site surveys and sampling of the monitored water environment, and further diagnose the integrity and health of the water ecological environment of the monitored water area through detailed investigation and comprehensive evaluation of its water ecological environment indicators, habitat indicators, comprehensive pollution conditions, pollution intensity during flood season, ecological flow compliance rate and other indicators, and deeply monitor the causes and mechanisms of water ecological health problems in the monitored water area, so as to provide scientific guidance for the integrity and quality improvement of the water ecological environment of the monitored water area in the later stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a water area survey and analysis route diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of water ecological environment survey points for the main rivers flowing into the lake in the upper reaches of Dongjiang Lake according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the number of lake and reservoir water ecological environment survey point layouts according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of water ecological environment survey points and sampling areas in lake and reservoir areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of water ecological environment survey points in the Dongjiang Lake Basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows: DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or several specific embodiments of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection of the specific claims of the present invention.

[0057] This plan takes the Dongjiang Lake waters as an example. Dongjiang Lake is located in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. It is a lake-type reservoir in the upper reaches of Leishui River in the Xiangjiang River system of the Yangtze River Basin. The water surface area is 160km2 The average water depth is 61m and the total reservoir capacity is 9.15 billion m 3 It is the centralized drinking water source for over one million people in Chenzhou City and the strategic water source for the downstream Changsha-Zhuzhou-Tanzhou-Hengyang urban agglomeration. The rivers flowing into the lake mainly include the Fujiang River, Qishui River, Zheshui River, Chushui River, Zixing River, etc., with a total basin area of ​​4719km 2 It involves 29 towns in four counties and cities, namely Zixing, Rucheng, Guidong and Yizhang, with a basin population of 585,800.

[0058] At present, the water quality of the Dongjiang Lake reservoir area is generally maintained at Class I surface water, and the water quality of the main rivers entering the lake is maintained at Class I surface water. The water quality of the basin is generally good, and the water environment monitoring network system is relatively complete. The reservoir area and the main rivers entering the lake are equipped with national and provincial monitoring sections. In contrast, the water ecological environment status and aquatic biological monitoring and evaluation work in the basin are relatively weak. Since the reservoir was filled with water in 1986, only sporadic aquatic biological surveys have been carried out, with a small coverage area and incomplete survey elements. There has been no systematic investigation and evaluation of the water ecological environment in the Dongjiang Lake basin. The basic situation of the water ecological environment in the Dongjiang Lake basin is still unclear. It is urgent to use the latest national evaluation technology methods to comprehensively evaluate the water ecological environment quality status of the Dongjiang Lake basin, and put forward scientific guidance opinions on protecting and improving the water ecological environment quality of the Dongjiang Lake basin based on the deficiencies and shortcomings found in the evaluation.

[0059] Among them, the main rivers flowing into the lake in the upper reaches of the Dongjiang Lake Basin and the areas where they are located are as follows:

[0060] Table 1 List of major rivers flowing into the lake in the upper reaches of Dongjiang Lake Basin

[0061]

[0062] The main research contents of this plan are as follows:

[0063] Table 2 Main research contents of the project

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, an evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems includes the following steps:

[0067] S1: Preparatory stage: used to collect, collate and analyze data on the status of the water ecological environment in the monitored waters;

[0068] In S1, the preparation phase includes the following steps:

[0069] S11: Collect and sort out data on water restoration through literature review, including historical hydrology, water quality, eutrophication, human economic activities, water ecological environment quality survey and monitoring data of rivers entering the lake, construction status of drinking water sources that meet standards, population and townships in the reservoir area, GDP economic and social data, list of point and non-point source pollution sources, reservoir area gas stations, roads around the reservoir, tailings pond risk source data, environmental protection investment and industrial structure data; fully understand the background of water ecological environment protection in the Dongjiang Lake Basin, and prepare for subsequent investigations.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, S12: Conduct on-site survey of the water ecological environment and set up monitoring points in the main rivers entering the lake according to the river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity;

[0071] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, S13: The monitoring water area is divided according to the river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity, and 10 monitoring points are set up, with the monitoring water area monitoring point as the center and the surrounding 100m range is monitored;

[0072] S14: Select ecological environment samples for the survival of aquatic organisms within the monitoring range, and investigate other water quality and aquatic environmental parameter indicators for data collection.

[0073] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, this plan plans to set up a total of 10 survey and monitoring points in Dongjiang Lake and its five main tributaries entering the lake. The specific points will be determined based on the actual survey results. The setting of the project survey and monitoring points not only covers the water bodies with different characteristics and the main rivers entering the lake in the basin, but also takes into account typical areas.

[0074] S2: Investigation stage: used to select water ecological environment investigation indicators for the monitored waters;

[0075] In S2, the monitoring water area survey indicators include water quality survey, water body ecological environment status survey, bottom soil and sediment survey and water resources survey.

[0076] The specific contents of the survey indicators are as follows:

[0077] The water quality survey of the monitored waters includes 24 basic water quality monitoring indicators in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), chlorophyll a and turbidity; and dissolved oxygen, potassium permanganate index, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, transparency, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus sensitivity parameters are selected as water quality evaluation indicators; the monitoring and analysis methods of all parameters are implemented in accordance with the "Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods" (4th Edition) and "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002).

[0078] The ecological environment status survey of the monitored water bodies includes the number of fish species in the water bodies, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, the community structure of zooplankton, ecological environment characteristics, comprehensive nutritional status and ecological flow compliance rate;

[0079] Among them, the survey of the ecological environment status of water bodies in the main upstream rivers includes the number of fish species in the water body, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, ecological environment characteristics, water body connectivity, comprehensive pollution status, pollution intensity during flood season, and ecological flow compliance rate;

[0080] The bottom and sediment survey of monitored waters is mainly divided into physical property observation and chemical index testing;

[0081] Physical property observations include color, odor, oil pollution, and bottom sediment types; bottom sediment types include silt, sand, clay, coarse sand, gravel, pebbles, and rocks;

[0082] The chemical index test mainly considers the particle size and water content of the sediment, and supplements the survey indicators according to the typical pollution characteristics and geological background characteristics of the basin: including particle size, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and characteristic heavy metals;

[0083] According to the "Guidelines for Water Resources Assessment" (SL / T238-1999), survey data were collected on the water resources development and utilization rate, water resources development intensity, etc. in the Dongjiang Lake Basin. The water resources survey included the runoff water resources development and utilization rate, and water resources development and utilization intensity.

[0084] Based on the above investigation, with reference to relevant specifications and guidelines, a water ecological integrity assessment method for the Dongjiang Lake Basin was established to comprehensively evaluate the health of the ecosystem, accurately diagnose the water ecological environment problems in the Dongjiang Lake Basin, analyze the ecological security issues and causes of the Dongjiang Lake Basin, and propose governance countermeasures and plans to provide technical support for ecological environmental protection, basin water resources regulation, economic structure adjustment and pollution reduction, and basin water ecosystem restoration.

[0085] S3: Analysis and evaluation stage: used to evaluate water environment quality and aquatic organisms;

[0086] Among them, the water quality of rivers and lakes is evaluated in reference to the water quality categories and condition levels in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002) and the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Evaluation Method (Trial)" (Environmental Protection Office

[2011] No. 22).

[0087] In S3, for the monitored waters, total phosphorus TP, total nitrogen TN, transparency SD, permanganate index COD Mn Based on the monitoring results of chlorophyll a and Chla, the comprehensive nutritional status index TLI was calculated to evaluate the nutritional status;

[0088] The calculation formula of comprehensive nutritional status index ∑TLI is:

[0089] ∑TLI=∑W j ·TLI j (1)

[0090] Where, ∑TLI is the comprehensive nutritional status index, W j is the weight of the jth parameter, TLI j Nutritional status sub-index of the jth parameter;

[0091] TLI j The calculation of is as follows:

[0092] (1)TLI(Chla)=10(2.5+1.086×lnρ(Chla))

[0093] (2)TLI(TP)=10(9.436+1.624×lnρ(TP))

[0094] (3)TLI(TN)=10(5.453+1.694×lnρ(TN))

[0095] (4)TLI(SD)=10(5.118-1.94×lnd(SD))

[0096] (5)TLI(COD M n)=10(0.109+2.661×lnρ(COD M n))

[0097] Wherein, Chla unit is μg / L, SD unit is m; other indicators unit are mg / L.

[0098] In S3, aquatic organisms are evaluated with reference to the Technical Guidelines for Water Ecological Monitoring - Monitoring and Evaluation of Aquatic Organisms in Rivers (HJ 1295-2023) and the Technical Guidelines for Water Ecological Monitoring - Monitoring and Evaluation of Aquatic Organisms in Lakes and Reservoirs (HJ 1296-2023). Large benthic animals are used to evaluate the biological status at river stations, and phytoplankton and zooplankton are used to evaluate the biological status in the monitored waters. The Shannon-Wiener index H′, uniformity index J, biological index BI, and biological monitoring working group score BMWP are used as biological evaluation indices. The formula is:

[0099]

[0100] Where H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, and N is the total number of individuals;

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, J is the evenness index, N is the number of species, and H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index;

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, BI is the biological index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, N is the total number of individuals, t i The pollution tolerance value of species i;

[0105]

[0106] Where, BMWP is the score of the biological monitoring working group, N Z The number of taxa at the family level, i is the i-th species, F i Scoring of subject i.

[0107] S4: Results summary stage: Summarize the water environment quality and aquatic biological assessment results.

[0108] In S4, the evaluation results of water environment quality and aquatic organisms are as follows:

[0109] Water environment quality evaluation results: According to the water quality test results, the water quality of the monitored waters is generally excellent. The water quality of 13 stations meets the Class I standard for surface water, 6 stations are Class II, and 1 station is Class III. The water quality of the stations is excellent, accounting for 95%; the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the upstream station of Zhejiang Water reached 0.604 mg / L, exceeding the Class II water standard threshold of 0.5 mg / L. The copper ion concentration at the K2 station in the Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area (near Bailang Town) is 0.0121 mg / L, exceeding the Class I water standard threshold of 0.01 mg / L, which is 16.5 times the average copper ion concentration of other stations in the Dongjiang Lake Reservoir area.

[0110] Evaluation results of aquatic life: The Shannon-Wiener Index, BI Index and BMWP Index of large benthic animals were used to evaluate the rivers in the monitored waters. The Shannon-Wiener Index evaluation grades ranged from medium to excellent, and the overall aquatic life condition in the rivers was excellent. The BI index evaluation grades ranged from poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally good. The BMWP index evaluation grades ranged from very poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally at a medium level.

[0111] The ecological environment evaluation method refers to the habitat scoring method in the "Technical Guidance Manual for Survey and Monitoring of Water Ecological Status in Stationed Cities in the Yangtze River Basin". The scores of each station for the habitat evaluation of the main rivers entering Dongjiang Lake range from 106 to 172, as shown in the following table, with an average score of 143, and the overall evaluation grade is good. The average score of the habitat evaluation of Zhejiang Water is the highest, which is 150.5, and the grade is excellent; the average score of the habitat evaluation of Chushui Water is the lowest, which is 126.5, and the grade is good. Among the 10 indicators of habitat evaluation, the bottom quality index scored the highest, with an average of 18.1, and the bottom quality of the river at the sampling station is basically pebbles; the riverbank buffer zone index scored the lowest, with an average of 10.2, and the riverbank buffer zone of most stations is less than 12 meters.

[0112] Table 3 Habitat evaluation scores and grades of the main rivers entering Dongjiang Lake

[0113]

[0114] This plan aims to address the problem of unclear water ecological environment and lack of evaluation work in the Dongjiang Lake Basin. Starting from the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, the main research objectives are as follows:

[0115] 1. Carry out a systematic investigation on the water ecological environment of the Dongjiang Lake reservoir area (including evaluation indicators such as the number of fish species in the water body, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, the community structure of zooplankton, habitat characteristics, comprehensive nutritional status and ecological flow compliance rate), find out the "family background" of the water ecological environment of the Dongjiang Lake reservoir area, and use the country's latest evaluation technology methods to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the ecological environment of the Dongjiang Lake water, so as to provide scientific support for the protection and management of the water ecology of the Dongjiang Lake basin.

[0116] 2. Conduct a survey on the water ecological environment status of the five main rivers flowing into the upper reaches of Dongjiang Lake (including the number of aquatic fish species, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, habitat characteristics, water body connectivity, comprehensive pollution status, pollution intensity during the flood season, and evaluation indicators of ecological flow compliance rate) to fully understand the water ecological environment status of the rivers flowing into Dongjiang Lake, and provide data support and scientific reference for the overall water ecological environment protection and management of the Dongjiang Lake basin.

[0117] 3. Establish a benchmark and model for the investigation and evaluation of the water ecological environment in the source areas of my country's rivers and oligotrophic deep-water lakes and reservoirs, and provide scientific reference and case support for the Yangtze River Basin's ecological and environmental protection strategy.

[0118] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented according to the conventional means in the art unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. An evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, characterized by: The evaluation method comprises the following steps: S1: Preparatory stage: used to collect, collate and analyze data on the status of the water ecological environment in the monitored waters; S2: Investigation stage: used to select water ecological environment investigation indicators for the monitored waters; S3: Analysis and evaluation stage: used to evaluate water environment quality and aquatic organisms; S4: Results summary stage: Summarize the water environment quality and aquatic biological assessment results.

2. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S1, the preparation stage includes the following steps: S11: Collect and sort out data on water restoration through literature review, including historical hydrology, water quality, eutrophication, human economic activities, water ecological environment quality survey and monitoring data of rivers entering the lake, construction status of drinking water sources that meet standards, population and townships in the reservoir area, GDP economic and social data, list of point and non-point source pollution sources, gas stations in the reservoir area, roads around the reservoir, risk sources of tailings ponds, environmental protection investment and industrial structure data; S12: Conduct on-site surveys of the water ecological environment and set up monitoring points in the main rivers entering the lake according to river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity; S13: The monitoring water area is divided according to the river morphology, hydrological characteristics and specificity, and 10 monitoring points are set up, with the monitoring water area monitoring point as the center and the surrounding 100m range monitored; S14: Select ecological environment samples for the survival of aquatic organisms within the monitoring range, and investigate other water quality and aquatic environmental parameter indicators for data collection.

3. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S2, the monitoring water area survey indicators include water quality survey, water body ecological environment status survey, bottom soil and sediment survey and water resources survey.

4. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 3 is characterized by: The specific contents of the survey indicators are as follows: The water quality survey of the monitored waters includes 24 basic water quality monitoring indicators, chlorophyll a and turbidity; dissolved oxygen, potassium permanganate index, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, transparency, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus sensitivity parameters are selected as water quality evaluation indicators; The ecological environment status survey of the monitored water bodies includes the number of fish species in the water bodies, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, the community structure of zooplankton, ecological environment characteristics, comprehensive nutritional status and ecological flow compliance rate; Among them, the survey of the ecological environment status of water bodies in the main upstream rivers includes the number of fish species in the water body, the number of key protected aquatic organisms, the number of large benthic animal species, ecological environment characteristics, water body connectivity, comprehensive pollution status, pollution intensity during flood season, and ecological flow compliance rate; The bottom and sediment survey of monitored waters is mainly divided into physical property observation and chemical index testing; Physical property observations include color, odor, oil pollution, and bottom type; The chemical index test mainly considers the particle size and water content of the sediment, and supplements the survey indicators according to the typical pollution characteristics and geological background characteristics of the basin: including particle size, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and characteristic heavy metals; Water resources survey includes runoff, water resources development and utilization rate, and water resources development and utilization intensity.

5. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 4 is characterized by: In the physical property observation, the bottom sediment categories include silt, mud, clay, coarse sand, gravel, pebbles, and rocks.

6. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S3, for the monitored waters, total phosphorus TP, total nitrogen TN, transparency SD, permanganate index COD Mn The monitoring results of chlorophyll aChla are used to calculate the comprehensive nutritional status index TLI for nutritional status evaluation; The calculation formula of comprehensive nutritional status index ∑TLI is: ∑TLI=∑W j ·TLI j (1) Where, ∑TLI is the comprehensive nutritional status index, W j is the weight of the jth parameter, TLI j Nutritional status sub-index of the jth parameter; TLI j The calculation of is as follows: (1)TLI(Chla)=10(2.5+1.086×lnρ(Chla)) (2)TLI(TP)=10(9.436+1.624×lnρ(TP)) (3)TLI(TN)=10(5.453+1.694×lnρ(TN)) (4)TLI(SD)=10(5.118-1.94×lnd(SD)) (5)TLI(CODE Mn )=10(0.109+2.661×lnρ(COD Mn )) Wherein, Chla unit is μg / L, SD unit is m; other indicators unit are mg / L.

7. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S3, large benthic animals are used to evaluate biological conditions in river stations, phytoplankton and zooplankton are used to evaluate biological conditions in monitoring waters, and Shannon-Wiener index H′, uniformity index J, biological index BI, and biological monitoring working group score BMWP are used as biological evaluation indices. The formula is: Where H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, and N is the total number of biological individuals; In the formula, J is the evenness index, N is the number of species, and H′ is the Shannon-Wiener index; In the formula, BI is the biological index, N is the number of species, i is the i-th species, and n i is the number of individuals of species i, N is the total number of individuals, t i The pollution tolerance value of species i; Where, BMWP is the score of the biological monitoring working group, N Z The number of taxa at the family level, i is the i-th species, F i Scoring of subject i.

8. The evaluation method based on the protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S4, the evaluation results of water environment quality and aquatic organisms are as follows: Water environment quality evaluation results: According to the water quality test results, the water quality of the monitored waters is generally excellent. The water quality of 13 stations meets the surface water Class I standard, 6 stations are Class II, and 1 station is Class III. The water quality of the stations is excellent, accounting for 95%; Evaluation results of aquatic life: The Shannon-Wiener Index, BI Index and BMWP Index of large benthic animals were used to evaluate the rivers in the monitored waters. The Shannon-Wiener Index evaluation grades ranged from medium to excellent, and the overall aquatic life condition in the rivers was excellent. The BI index evaluation grades ranged from poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally good. The BMWP index evaluation grades ranged from very poor to excellent, and the aquatic life condition was generally at a medium level.

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