Non-rail vehicle equipped with current collector
By using the continuous spring characteristic curve of cascade spring elements in the current collector of non-rail transportation vehicles, the problem of unstable traction energy transmission caused by inconsistent contact positions of overhead line facilities is solved, dynamic performance and cost-effectiveness are improved, and structure is simplified Design and installation process.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202380037683.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-05-03
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
AI Technical Summary
During the driving process of existing non-rail transportation vehicles with electric or hybrid electric drive, due to road uneven and climate factors, the two contact positions of the overhead line facilities are inconsistent, which affects the sustainability of frictional contact and thus threatens the stability of the transmission of traction energy. sex.
Adopting a spring assembly with continuous spring characteristic curve, through the cascade structure of the first, second and third spring elements, it provides a self-centered restoration force, compensates for the contact height difference and vehicle vibration, and improves friction strips and contact lines. The contact quality and track each contact line through a separate rocker arm reduces the mass of the overall current collector and movable parts, simplifying the structure.
Improves the availability and dynamic performance of overhead line facilities, reduces material use and production costs, simplifies the installation and maintenance of current collectors, and extends service life.
Smart Images
Figure CN119212886A_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a non-railway vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 .
[0002] Such a vehicle is known from the publication DE 102017203046 A1. Such an electrically driven or hybrid electrically driven vehicle comprises a current collector for supplying energy from a two-pole overhead line facility. The current collector has a bow-shaped support which carries a rocker arm with two friction strips for each contact pole. During driving, the friction strip of each contact pole is in frictional contact with the contact wire assigned to the contact pole, so that the electrical energy can be directly input not only for the traction drive but also for charging the energy storage device on the vehicle side. The bow-shaped support has a lower arm and two upper arms articulated thereto. The lower arm has a fixed end, on which the lower arm can be rotatably supported on the vehicle around the transverse axis of the vehicle. Each upper arm has a free end, on which the upper arm carries the friction strip of the contact pole. A lifting drive is provided for erecting the support, whereby the friction strip can be raised in the vertical direction.
[0003] Ideally, the two conductors of a bipolar overhead line installation are parallel to each other and centered at the same and constant height above the electrified track. Due to uneven road surfaces and the swaying of vehicles, as well as wear and climatic factors such as wind and temperature changes, in practice the two conductors are often at different distances from the collector. This affects the ability to maintain uninterrupted frictional contact during travel and thus threatens the continuous transmission of traction energy.
[0004] In order to reduce the difference in contact pressure between the friction strips of the two contact poles pressing on the corresponding contact wires, an adjustment device is known according to the first alternative of the open document DE102019214959A1, which has a rotatably supported guide wheel with a cable guide device in the shape of a curved segment and a traction cable guided by the cable guide device. The end of the traction cable is fixed in the area of the fixed end of the support arm. The guide wheel can be deflected by the lifting drive device, so that the support arm can be erected by the traction cable end deflected by the guide wheel.
[0005] Publication DE 102019214959A1 shows another alternative, in which the support of the current collector has only a single erectable support arm. The support arm has a fixed end and a free end, and the support arm is supported on the vehicle at the fixed end so as to be rotatable around the transverse axis of the vehicle, and the rocker arm support is connected to it via an articulation, with an axis of rotation oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The rocker arm support carries a rocker arm on both sides of the hinge, and at least one friction strip of the contact pole is arranged on each rocker arm. Each rocker arm is supported on the rocker arm support by a constant force spring. This allows that when the two contact wires are offset in height, the offset of the rocker arm relative to the rocker arm support is independent of the force.
[0006] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a vehicle of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the energy supply via the current collector is ensured even in the case of different contact positions.
[0007] This technical problem is solved by a vehicle having the features described in the characterizing part of claim 1. A vehicle of the type described at the beginning does not travel on rails, it is driven by electricity or hybrid electricity, and can in particular be a road vehicle, such as a truck or a bus. The vehicle has a collector for supplying traction energy from an electrical overhead line facility. The overhead line facility is designed to be bipolar and has a contact wire for each contact pole. The collector has an erectable support frame, for example, in the shape of a collector bow. The support frame is hingedly supported on the vehicle frame by a fixed end. The free end of the support frame is hinged to a rocker arm bracket. The hinged portion of the support frame preferably has a rotation axis parallel to the transverse axis of the vehicle. For each contact pole, a rocker arm with a friction strip is elastically supported on the rocker arm bracket by at least one spring assembly.
[0008] According to the invention, the restoring force of the spring assembly has a continuous spring characteristic curve on its contraction path, wherein the contraction path of the spring assembly has a first spring travel, a second spring travel and a third spring travel in succession. On the first spring travel, the restoring force increases with a first spring constant, preferably linearly. On the second spring travel, the restoring force remains constant, preferably a preset constant force value. On the third spring travel, the restoring force increases with a second spring constant that is larger than the first spring constant. A spring assembly having a self-centering spring characteristic curve and a constant force range under partial preload is formed. The spring assembly compensates for changes in the vibration movement of the vehicle in the high-frequency variation range and also compensates for height differences of the contact wire in the low-frequency variation range. In this compensation, only the mass of the rocker arm needs to be moved, not the mass of the entire support frame. The resulting high dynamic performance improves the contact quality of the friction strip with the contact wire and thereby increases the availability of the overhead line facility. Compared to the above-mentioned prior art, by decoupling the spring movement of the two rockers according to the invention, the adjustment device for the anti-parallel rocker arm movement is eliminated; only one rocker arm needs to be tracked for each contact wire. Furthermore, compared to the above-mentioned prior art, many articulations and moving parts are eliminated, which allows a more material-saving and cost-conscious production of the current collector of the vehicle according to the invention. The elimination of guide wheels and cable guides also makes the current collector easier to install on the vehicle.
[0009] In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, the spring assembly comprises a first spring element with a first spring constant, a second spring element exerting a constant force and a third spring element with a second spring constant. The cascaded spring elements form a passive and robust spring assembly with a long service life and durability. The individual spring elements can be replaced separately from one another and allow for a targeted characteristic curve setting of the individual spring stages.
[0010] In another advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, the first spring element is preloaded to an initial force. This allows the restoring force of the spring assembly to be set when the contact wires make contact, on the one hand avoiding damage to the friction strip due to an excessively hard contact closure, and on the other hand avoiding excessive compression of the first spring element.
[0011] In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, the first spring travel of the first spring element is limited by the first end stop, the second spring travel of the second spring element is limited by the second end stop, and the third spring travel of the third spring element is limited by the third end stop. If the restriction of the spring travel is insufficient in the form of construction, the spring travel can be limited by the end stop that cooperates with the end of the spring element. When the upper end stop and the lower end stop hit each other during compression, the end of the spring travel is reached.
[0012] In another advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, each rocker arm is elastically supported on the rocker arm bracket at its two opposite ends by spring assemblies. By supporting via two spring assemblies, the compression movement of the contact wire at different contact points on the friction strip can be more evenly damped.
[0013] In another advantageous embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, each rocker arm carries only one friction strip. Compared to a conventional rocker arm with two friction strips arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, the moving mass of a rocker arm with only one friction strip is significantly reduced, which improves the dynamic performance of the current collector and the costs.
[0014] Further features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following description of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0015] Figure 1 A front view of a current collector according to the present invention is shown,
[0016] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 Spring characteristic curve of the spring assembly of the collector,
[0017] Figure 3 The first compression state is shown Figure 1 The spring assembly of the current collector,
[0018] Figure 4 The second compression state is shown Figure 1 The spring assembly of the current collector,
[0019] Figure 5 The third compression state is shown Figure 1 The spring assembly of the current collector,
[0020] Figure 6 The fourth compression state is shown Figure 1 The spring assembly of the current collector,
[0021] Figure 7 Show Figure 1 The collectors are in contact at the same height, and then in contact with a height difference.
[0022] Figure 8 Shown in Figure 7 The process of the spring characteristic curve,
[0023] Fig. 9 Show Figure 1 The collector, the contact wires are in contact at different heights, and then the height compensation is performed.
[0024] Fig.10 Shown in Fig. 9 The process of the spring characteristic curve.
[0025] exist Figure 1 Only a partial vehicle frame 2 of a trackless electric drive or hybrid electric drive vehicle 1, such as a heavy freight vehicle, or other vehicle components supported directly or indirectly thereon is shown. The vehicle 1 has a current collector 4 for inputting traction energy from an electrical overhead line facility 3. The overhead line facility 3 is constructed as a two-pole, and has contact wires 5, 6 constructed as a go wire and a return wire for each contact pole. The current collector 4 has an erectable support frame 7, which is designed as a pantograph with a lower arm 8 and an upper arm 9. The support frame 7 is supported on a fixed end 10 located on the lower arm 8 by a bottom hinge 11 on the vehicle frame 2. The free end 12 of the support frame 7 is located on the upper arm 9 and is hinged to a rocker bracket 14 by a top hinge 13. The upper arm 9 is connected to the lower arm 8 by an arm hinge 15, wherein the rotation axes of the bottom hinge 11, the arm hinge 15 and the top hinge 13 are parallel to each other and extend parallel to the vehicle transverse direction. The known linkage arrangement for the pantograph movement, which consists of a coupling rod and a pull rod, is not shown in greater detail. For each contact pole, a rocker arm 16, 17 with a friction strip 18 is elastically supported on the rocker arm support 14 by two spring assemblies 19, which form the core of the invention. The spring assembly 19 supports the rocker arm 16 or 17 at its inner end 20 and its outer end 21. The fundamental advantage of the spring assembly 19 is that the height difference between the contacts 5 and 6 and the vibrations of the vehicle 1 are compensated by the spring assembly 19. Since these two height changes are compensated in the same spring assembly 19, no separate upper arms are required for the two rocker arms 16 and 17, but only a common upper arm 9 for the two contact poles. The four spring assemblies 19 are simplified and not shown enlarged to illustrate the spring travel.
[0026] according to Figure 2 , Figure 8 and Fig.10 , the restoring force F of the spring assembly 19 has a continuous spring characteristic curve KL on its compression path S, which is composed of linear sections along the compression path S, with bending positions but no jump positions at the section transitions of the sections. On the first spring stroke S1, the restoring force F increases linearly from the initial value F0 with a first spring constant K1, and the initial value can be set by the preload of the spring assembly 19. Within the working range of the first spring stroke S1, the spring assembly 19 is compressed to find a force balance between the upward-pointing erection force of the lifting device of the collector 4 transmitted through the rocker bracket 14 and the downward-pointing reaction force exerted by the contact wire 5 on the friction strip 18. On the second spring stroke S2, the restoring force F remains constant at a settable constant force value FK. The working range of the second spring stroke S2 is set for different height positions between the contact wires 5 and 6. On the third spring stroke S3, the restoring force F increases with a second spring constant K2 that is larger than the first spring constant K1. In the operating range of the spring travel S3 , the deflected rocker arm 16 or 17 is recentered by the restoring force F which increases even more.
[0027] Figures 3 to 6 The collector 4 is shown in different compression positions I, II, III and IV of the spring assembly 19 (see Figure 2), for simplicity, only the part of the spring assembly 19 around the outer end 21 supporting the rocker arm 16 is shown. The spring assembly 19 includes a first spring element 22 with a first spring constant K1, a second spring element 23 exerting a constant force FK, and a third spring element 24 with a second spring constant K2. The first spring travel S1 of the first spring element 22 is limited by first end stops 25, 26, the second spring travel S2 of the second spring element 23 is limited by second end stops 27 and 28, and the third spring travel S3 of the third spring element 24 is limited by third end stops 29 and 30. In addition, fourth end stops 31 and 32 are provided, which can preload the third spring element 24. In addition, fifth end stops 33 and 34 are provided, which preload the second spring element 23. In addition, other end stops not shown here are provided, which preload the first spring element 22. The upper first end stop 25 is connected to the rocker arm 16 in a non-movable manner. The first lower end stop 26, the second upper end stop 27 and the fifth lower end stop 34 are connected to each other in a non-movable manner via a first coupling element 35. The second lower end stop 26, the third upper end stop 27 and the fourth lower end stop 34 are connected to each other in a non-movable manner via a second coupling element 35. The fourth upper end stop 31, the third lower end stop 30 and the fifth upper end stop 33 are connected to the rocker support 14 and thus to the upper arm 9 in a non-movable manner. The first spring element 22 transmits a restoring force F between the rocker 16 and the first coupling element 35. The second spring element 23 transmits a restoring force F between the first coupling element 35 and the rocker support 14. The third spring element 24 transmits a restoring force F between the second coupling element 36 and the rocker support 14. The arrangement of the end stops 25 to 34 and the coupling parts 35 and 36 couples the spring elements 22, 23, 24 and limits their maximum deflection during contraction.
[0028] Figures 3 to 6 It is shown that when the spring assembly 19 is contracted, Figure 2 The collector 4 in the operating points I to IV marked on the characteristic curve KL. Before the contact wire 5 is contacted by the friction strip 18 of the rocker arm 16, according to Figure 3 , the first spring element 22 and the third spring element 24 are stress-released, while the second spring element 23 is preloaded. It is also conceivable to additionally preload the first spring element 22, but this is not necessary. Therefore, the characteristic curve KL starts at the working point I with the initial force F0>0N.
[0029] If the contact wire 5 is connected, the spring element 22 is first compressed, which leads to a linearly increasing restoring force F determined by the first spring constant K1 as the compression increases. After the first spring travel S1 is exhausted, the compression is either limited by reaching the block length of the first spring element 22 or by Figure 4The maximum restoring force F that can be achieved in this working point II is selected to be the same as the constant force FK of the preload of the second spring element 23, which is maintained by the fifth end stops 33, 34. When there is a travel difference, that is, when the friction strip 26 of the other rocker arm 17 not shown has not yet contacted its contact wire 6, the second spring element 23 of the spring assembly 19 can continue to be compressed on the side of the lower suspended contact wire 5, and the restoring force F does not change here. Until the second spring travel S2 is exhausted, the second end stops 27, 28 are in accordance with Figure 5 collide, thus reaching the operating point III. From this point on, the pressure applied by the lifting drive of the collector 4 leads to a superimposed restoring force of the second spring element 23 and the third spring element 24, which increases linearly with increasing compression according to the second spring constant K2. This overload range can be used until the third spring travel S3 is exhausted, until according to Figure 6 The third end stops 29 , 30 collide and the operating point IV is reached.
[0030] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The function of the spring arrangements 19 and 19 ′ is shown when the conductors 5 and 6 are at the same height and when a height difference ΔH is formed during further travel. Figure 7 Here the position of the current collector 4 is shown, and Figure 8 The course of the characteristic curve KL of the spring assembly 19 (left) assigned to the antenna 5 and the spring assembly 19 ′ (right) assigned to the other antenna 6 is shown. The spring assemblies 19 and 19 ′ are in the operating point I ( Figure 7 , left part) begins to shorten within the linear range of the first spring constant K1 and at the working point II ( Figure 7 , middle part) reaches static equilibrium when transitioning to the constant force range. If the left contact wire 5 now moves upward, the spring assembly 19 releases pressure within the first working range and reaches the working point IIa ( Figure 8 ). Therefore, the restoring force F generated by all spring assemblies 19 and 19' is reduced, so that the support frame 7 is pressed further upward. Through this upward movement, the working point of the spring assembly 19 (left) moves back to the previous working point II, while the working point of the spring assembly 19' enters the constant force range to IIb with ΔH.
[0031] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In contrast, the action of the spring arrangements 19 and 19 ′ is shown when the conductors 5 and 6 are in contact, the conductors already having a height difference ΔH which is compensated during further travel. Fig. 9 Here the position of the current collector 4 is shown, and Fig.10The course of the characteristic curve KL of the spring assembly 19 (left) assigned to the antenna 5 and the spring assembly 19 ′ (right) assigned to the other antenna 6 is shown. The spring assemblies 19 and 19 ′ begin to compress differently at the first contact in the operating point I ( Figure 7 , left part). In working point II, the left spring assembly 19 is compressed into the constant force range with its first spring travel S1 and height difference ΔH until the rocker arm 17 contacts the higher contact wire 6. If the contact wire 5 now moves to the height of the contact wire 6 during further driving, the spring assembly 19 is relieved of pressure with its preload, thereby moving it back from the constant force range of the characteristic curve KL to the working point II. The other spring assembly 19 ′ is compressed from working point I to working point II.
Claims
1. A trackless electric or hybrid electric vehicle (1), in particular a heavy goods vehicle or a bus, having a current collector (4) for supplying traction energy from a two-pole overhead line system (3) having a contact wire (5, 6) for each contact pole, -in, The current collector (4) has an erectable support frame (7), which is hingedly supported on a vehicle frame (2) via a fixed end (10), and a free end (12) of the support frame is hingedly connected to a rocker bracket (14). - wherein, for each contact pole, a rocker arm (16, 17) with a friction strip (18) is elastically supported on a rocker arm support (14) via at least one spring assembly (19, 19'), It is characterized in that - the restoring force (F) of the spring assembly (19, 19') has a continuous spring characteristic curve (KL) over its contraction path (S), -Wherein, the contraction path (S) of the spring assembly (19, 19') successively has a first spring travel (S1), a second spring travel (S2) and a third spring travel (S3), during the first spring travel, the restoring force (F) increases with a first spring constant (K1), during the second spring travel, the restoring force (F) remains constant, and during the third spring travel, the restoring force (F) increases with a second spring constant (K2) that is larger than the first spring constant (K1).
2. The vehicle (1) according to claim 1, - wherein the spring assembly (19, 19') comprises a first spring element (22) having a first spring constant (K1), a second spring element (23) exerting a constant force (FK) and a third spring element (24) having a second spring constant (K2).
3. The vehicle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first spring element (22) is prestressed to an initial force (F0).
4. The vehicle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a first spring travel (S1) of the first spring element (22) is limited by a first end stop (25, 26), -in, The second spring travel (S2) of the second spring element (23) is limited by the second end stop (27, 28), - wherein a third spring travel (S3) of the third spring element (24) is limited by a third end stop (29, 30).
5. The vehicle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein each rocker arm (16, 17) is elastically supported on the rocker arm support (14) at its two opposite ends (20, 21) via a spring assembly (19, 19').
6. The vehicle (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein each rocker arm (16, 17) carries only one friction strip (18).