Distribution Network Line Fault Warning and Precise Location System

Abstract

The present invention discloses a distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system, which relates to the technical field of distribution network line monitoring. In order to solve the problems that in actual operation, due to the complexity of the power grid, there may be false alarms or missed alarms, and in practical applications, accurate fault location is crucial for quickly restoring power supply and reducing power outage time, but the accuracy of fault location is relatively low; the data acquisition unit collects distribution network line data and traveling wave signals in real time and accurately, the fault early warning unit can timely detect abnormal changes in the distribution network and quickly identify the fault type, the fault location unit accurately calculates the location where the fault occurs and determines the pole data of the fault point, reducing the time for operation and maintenance personnel to troubleshoot faults, improving the efficiency of fault handling, enabling operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor the operation status of the distribution network, improving the convenience and efficiency of operation and maintenance, realizing intelligent monitoring and management of the distribution network, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distribution network line monitoring, and particularly to a distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system. Background Art

[0002] At present, regarding the identification of distribution network line faults, a patent application with the publication number CN116008717A discloses a method for identifying single-phase and multi-phase broken wire faults in medium and high voltage distribution network lines. It acquires the interval current data, bus current data, bus voltage data of the distribution network, and the position of the circuit breaker at the bus interval of the distribution network; determines whether the conditions for single-phase broken wire faults or multi-phase broken wire faults in the distribution network line are met; when it is determined that a single-phase or multi-phase broken wire fault occurs in a certain bus interval of the distribution network, when the invention identifies a broken wire in the distribution network line, it issues a corresponding prompt signal to prompt the operator to eliminate the fault in time, avoiding load imbalance and overvoltage caused by single-phase operation and other conditions endangering the safe operation of the power grid.

[0003] However, although the above patent can identify and judge faults, in actual operation, due to the complexity of the power grid, there may be false alarms or missed alarms, and in practical applications, accurate fault location is crucial for quickly restoring power supply and reducing power outage time, but the accuracy of fault location is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system, which accurately calculates the location where the fault occurs through a fault location unit, and determines the pole data of the fault point, reducing the time for maintenance personnel to troubleshoot faults, improving the efficiency of fault handling, realizing intelligent monitoring and management of the distribution network, and reducing the operation and maintenance costs, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system, comprising:

[0007] A data acquisition unit, which is used to deploy monitoring terminals at each acquisition node. The monitoring terminals collect distribution network line data in real time, and at the same time, collect traveling wave signals in the distribution network, and preprocess the obtained distribution network line data and traveling wave signals.

[0008] A fault early warning unit, which is used to obtain the preprocessed distribution network line data, analyze the abnormal changes of the data in real time, judge whether the power distribution is abnormal, identify the abnormal data, match the corresponding fault type based on the identification result, and perform audible and visual alarms based on the fault type.

[0009] A fault location unit, which is used to obtain a preprocessed traveling wave signal based on the fault result of a distribution network line, calculate the fault location based on the correlation between the propagation speed and time of current traveling waves in the cable, and determine the pole data of the fault point based on the distribution network line data;

[0010] A communication unit, which is used to send the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit to the master station platform, and at the same time, receive the control instructions issued by the master station platform.

[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition unit includes:

[0012] A distribution network line monitoring module, which is used to install monitoring terminals on the distribution network line and collect the data of the distribution network line in real time based on the monitoring terminals, including load current, distribution network line voltage, and operating parameters;

[0013] A monitoring terminal management module, which is used to manage and control the monitoring terminals of each acquisition node, and perform real-time load monitoring, substation area load query, and load intelligent analysis on the monitoring terminals;

[0014] The real-time load monitoring is used to track the load of the distribution network line in real time, display the load information, and monitor the three-phase imbalance and overload conditions;

[0015] The substation area load query is used to query the specific data of the current, voltage, active power, and reactive power of the transformer in the distribution network line in real time;

[0016] The load intelligent analysis simulates the operation of the switches in the distribution network line, analyzes the new topological structure generated after the operation, and determines the load data of the distribution network line;

[0017] A traveling wave signal acquisition module, which is used to monitor the traveling wave signals in the distribution network in real time, and the traveling wave signals include fault traveling waves and lightning traveling waves;

[0018] A data preprocessing module, which is used to perform data filtering, denoising, and normalization processing on the collected distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, and convert the traveling wave signals into digital signals.

[0019] Furthermore, the data preprocessing module includes:

[0020] Obtain the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, convert the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals to the frequency domain based on the Fourier transform, and respectively determine the frequency components and the relative intensities of the frequency components of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals in the frequency domain;

[0021] Determine the multi-scale difference decomposition scales for the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal respectively based on the frequency components and the relative intensities of the frequency components, and perform multi-scale decomposition on the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal respectively based on the multi-scale difference decomposition scales;

[0022] Determine the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal at different scales respectively based on the multi-scale decomposition results, and determine the adaptive filtering parameters at different scales respectively based on the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics;

[0023] Perform data filtering on the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal respectively based on the adaptive filtering parameters, and reconstruct the data filtering results at different scales to obtain the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data;

[0024] Obtain the data service attributes of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, and determine the data standardization intervals of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal respectively based on the data service attributes;

[0025] Determine the reference data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data respectively based on the data standardization intervals, and perform standardization processing on the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data successively according to the pre-designed calculation rules based on the reference data values to obtain the standardized data values;

[0026] Perform statistical aggregation on the standardized data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data based on the execution order to complete the standardization processing of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal.

[0027] Further, the fault warning unit includes:

[0028] A fault discrimination module, configured to extract the fault time series corresponding to the fault data of each monitoring point of the distribution network line, obtain the fault data current and voltage characteristics corresponding to the fault time series, and discriminate the fault type based on the fault data current and voltage characteristics, where the fault type includes short-circuit faults and ground faults;

[0029] An anomaly monitoring module, configured to obtain the distribution network line data in the distribution network line in real time, including current, voltage, power factor, equipment temperature, and load conditions; at the same time, obtain the environmental data of the distribution network line, capture the abnormal discharge process before the fault occurs, and identify the discharge type based on the abnormal discharge characteristics of the abnormal discharge process;

[0030] A warning module, configured to trigger an alarm mechanism based on the fault type output by the fault discrimination module, issue an audible and visual alarm instruction corresponding to the fault type, and trigger a warning mechanism based on the discharge type output by the anomaly monitoring module, and issue a warning instruction corresponding to the discharge type.

[0031] Further, the anomaly monitoring module identifies the discharge type, including:

[0032] Tree obstacle hidden danger discharge warning: Real-time monitor whether there are over-height vegetation in the distribution network line corridor, locate the tree obstacle hidden danger points, and when the tree-line distance is less than the preset critical spacing value, send out a tree obstacle hidden danger warning message;

[0033] Hardware floating discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the abnormal discharge hardware on the distribution network line, and when the discharge intensity reaches the preset warning value, send out a hardware abnormal warning message;

[0034] Insulator deterioration discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the insulators with deterioration discharge, and when the insulators have deterioration discharge, send out an insulator deterioration warning message;

[0035] Insulator contamination discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the contaminated insulators on the distribution network line, and when the surface of the insulators is contaminated and causes discharge, send out an insulator contamination warning message;

[0036] Distribution network line icing discharge warning: Real-time monitor the icing discharge situation of all insulators on the line, and when the insulators discharge due to icing, send out a distribution network line icing warning message.

[0037] Furthermore, the fault location unit includes:

[0038] Section location module, used to detect and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each faulty distribution network line, and judge the specific distribution network line and the interval range where the fault occurs based on the comparison results;

[0039] Traveling wave location module, used for:

[0040] Obtain the processed traveling wave signal, and use the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable and the time difference between the occurrence of the fault and the arrival of the traveling wave signal at the monitoring terminal to calculate the distance between the fault point and the monitoring terminal;

[0041] Obtain the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line, and determine the specific pole data of the fault point based on the calculation results in combination with the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line.

[0042] Furthermore, the section location module judges the specific distribution network line and the interval range where the fault occurs, specifically:

[0043] Based on the discrimination result of the fault discrimination module, after determining that a fault occurs in the distribution network line, detect the steady-state zero-sequence current of each distribution network line, and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each distribution network line;

[0044] Extract the distribution network line with the zero-sequence current amplitude significantly higher than that of other distribution network lines and the opposite polarities of the zero-sequence currents on both sides of the fault point as the faulty distribution network line;

[0045] Construct key nodes of a faulty distribution network line based on the distribution characteristics of the steady-state zero-sequence current of the faulty distribution network line, compare the magnitudes of the zero-sequence currents of each key node of the faulty distribution network line, and determine the location interval where the fault point is located.

[0046] Further, the communication unit includes:

[0047] A data acquisition module for:

[0048] Obtain the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit. At the same time, extract the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform and the communication routes in the communication network, configure relay nodes in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform based on the communication routes, and deploy relay servers at the relay nodes;

[0049] Obtain the categories of data to be communicated, and configure distributed downlink communication interfaces and unified uplink communication interfaces for the relay servers based on the categories of data to be communicated;

[0050] A data transmission module for:

[0051] Regularly traverse the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit respectively based on the distributed downlink communication interfaces, and when output data is found during the traversal, carry the output data based on the data queue;

[0052] Obtain the carried output data from the queue based on the distributed downlink communication interfaces, and standardize the output data based on the relay servers;

[0053] Add an attached authentication label to the standardized result based on the relay servers, encapsulate the added result as a network transmission file, and upload the network transmission file to the master station platform based on the unified uplink communication interface;

[0054] An instruction transmission module for:

[0055] Receive the control instructions sent by the master station platform in real time based on the upload result of the network transmission file, and after receiving the control instructions, self-check the communication status of the communication links corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interfaces and the unified uplink communication interfaces;

[0056] When it is determined that the communication link is occupied based on the self-check result, allocate temporary communication links for the distributed downlink communication interfaces and the unified uplink communication interfaces based on the network transmission protocol, and configure permissions for the temporary communication links;

[0057] Send the control instructions to the monitoring terminal based on the temporary communication links according to the permission configuration result;

[0058] When the communication link is not occupied, the control instruction is sent to the monitoring terminal based on the communication links corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface.

[0059] Further, relay nodes are configured in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform based on the communication route, including:

[0060] Determine the network devices between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform;

[0061] Extract the historical operation parameters of each network device, where the historical operation parameters include bandwidth, data transmission delay rate, packet loss rate, load, and network attack frequency, and the load is the ratio of the data traffic processed by the network device to its maximum data processing traffic;

[0062] Obtain the operation quality evaluation coefficient by using the bandwidth, data transmission delay rate, packet loss rate, load, and network attack frequency;

[0063] Among them, the operation quality evaluation coefficient is obtained through the following formula:

[0064] ;

[0065] Among them, Q represents the operation quality evaluation coefficient; n represents the number of unit times experienced by the network device operation, and the unit time is 1 s; G fi represents the network attack frequency corresponding to the i-th unit time; B i represents the operation bandwidth corresponding to the i-th unit time; B e represents the rated bandwidth corresponding to the network device; D i represents the packet loss rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; F i represents the load corresponding to the i-th unit time; P ti represents the data transmission delay rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; G x represents the adjustment coefficient, and the adjustment coefficient is obtained through the following formula:

[0066] ;

[0067] Among them, G x represents the adjustment coefficient; n represents the number of unit times experienced by the network device operation, and the unit time is 1 s; G fi represents the network attack frequency corresponding to the i-th unit time; B i represents the operation bandwidth corresponding to the i-th unit time; B e represents the rated bandwidth corresponding to the network device; D i represents the packet loss rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; F iIt represents the load corresponding to the i-th unit time.

[0068] Compare the operation quality evaluation coefficient with a preset coefficient threshold.

[0069] When the operation quality evaluation coefficient exceeds the preset coefficient threshold, configure a relay node on the network device where the operation quality evaluation coefficient exceeds the preset coefficient threshold.

[0070] Furthermore, the fault location unit includes:

[0071] A statistical module for:

[0072] Obtain the total number of fault warnings for the distribution network line within a preset time period, and determine the number of incorrect fault warnings for the distribution network line according to the fault warning result of the distribution network line;

[0073] At the same time, determine the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line and the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line based on the actual number of fault warnings;

[0074] A first calculation module for calculating the fault warning accuracy rate of the distribution network line based on the total number of fault warnings for the distribution network line and the number of incorrect fault warnings for the distribution network line according to the following formula. At the same time, calculate the accuracy rate of fault location for the distribution network line based on the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line and the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line:

[0075] ;

[0076] Where, Represents the fault warning accuracy rate of the distribution network line, and its value range is (0, 1); Represents the error coefficient, and its value range is (0.02, 0.05); Represents the total number of fault warnings for the distribution network line; Represents the number of incorrect fault warnings for the distribution network line, and its value is less than ;

[0077] ;

[0078] Where, Represents the accuracy rate of fault location for the distribution network line, and its value range is (0, 1); Represents the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line; Represents the total number of fault locations for the distribution network line, and its value is greater than ; Represents the test distance value between the fault point determined based on the traveling wave signal and the monitoring terminal during fault location of the distribution network line; It represents the actual distance value between the fault point and the monitoring terminal during the fault location of the distribution network line; It represents the accuracy rate of the fault warning of the distribution network line, and the value range is (0, 1);

[0079] The second calculation module is used to calculate the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the fault warning and precise location of the distribution network line according to the following formula:

[0080] ;

[0081] Among them, It represents the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the fault warning and precise location of the distribution network line; It represents the target weight corresponding to the accuracy rate of the fault warning of the distribution network line; It represents the accuracy rate of the fault warning of the distribution network line, and the value range is (0, 1); It represents the accuracy rate of the fault location of the distribution network line, and the value range is (0, 1);

[0082] Compare the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value with the preset effect threshold;

[0083] If the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold, it is determined that the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are qualified;

[0084] Otherwise, it is determined that the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are unqualified, and the optimization direction and optimization parameters for the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are determined based on the determination result;

[0085] Optimize the fault warning and location of the distribution network line based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters until the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold.

[0086] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0087] The data acquisition unit collects the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals in real time and accurately, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the data. The fault warning unit can timely detect the abnormal changes in the distribution network and quickly identify the fault type by analyzing the preprocessed data in real time. Timely fault warning helps the operation and maintenance personnel take measures in advance to prevent the further expansion of the fault, improving the safety and reliability of the distribution network. The fault location unit can accurately calculate the fault location and determine the pole data of the fault point by using the correlation between the propagation speed and time of the current traveling wave in the cable, reducing the time for the operation and maintenance personnel to troubleshoot the fault and improving the efficiency of fault handling. The communication unit can send the output data of the data acquisition, fault warning, and fault location units to the master station platform and receive the control instructions from the master station platform. The operation and maintenance personnel can remotely monitor the operation status of the distribution network, timely handle the faults, improving the convenience and efficiency of operation and maintenance, realizing the intelligent monitoring and management of the distribution network, improving the safety and reliability of the distribution network, reducing the operation and maintenance cost, and improving the operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0088] 2. By processing the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, the multi-scale difference decomposition scales of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals are respectively determined according to the processing results, so as to realize the multi-scale decomposition of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals according to the multi-scale difference decomposition scales. Secondly, the adaptive filtering is carried out on the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals after multi-scale decomposition, and the results after data filtering are reconstructed to accurately and effectively obtain the filtered data, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the filtering results. Finally, by determining the data service attributes of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, the rigorous and reliable standardization processing of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals is respectively realized according to the data service attributes, ensuring the preprocessing effect of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, and thus providing reliable data support for the fault warning and precise location of the distribution network line.

[0089] 3. By determining the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform and the communication route in the communication network, a relay node is configured in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, and a relay server is deployed at the relay node, so as to facilitate the processing of the data sent between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform. Secondly, a distributed downlink communication interface and a unified uplink communication interface are configured for the relay server, so as to effectively receive the output data of different units through the distributed downlink communication interface, perform standardized processing on the received data and add an attached authentication label, so as to facilitate the accurate and effective transmission of the processed data to the master station platform through the unified uplink communication interface. Finally, during transmission, the control instructions sent by the master station platform are monitored in real time, and after the existence of control instructions, the communication status of the communication link is self-checked, and the control instructions are transmitted according to the instruction transmission scheme corresponding to different situations according to the self-check result, which improves the reliability of data communication between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, and also provides great convenience for the fault warning and precise positioning of the distribution network line.

[0090] 4. By respectively calculating the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning and the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location, and secondly, accurately evaluating the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning according to the calculated accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning and the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location, so as to facilitate the timely optimization of the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning scheme when the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning do not meet the requirements, thereby improving the effect of the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0091] Figure 1 It is a module diagram of the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0092] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0093] In order to solve the technical problems that in actual operation, due to the complexity of the power grid, false alarms or missed alarms may occur, and in actual applications, accurate fault location is crucial for quickly restoring power supply and reducing power outage time, and the accuracy of fault location is relatively low, please refer to Figure 1 , the present embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0094] The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system includes:

[0095] A data acquisition unit is used to deploy monitoring terminals at each acquisition node. The monitoring terminals collect distribution network line data in real time, such as the load current of the distribution network line, the voltage of the distribution network line, and other relevant operating parameters. At the same time, the traveling wave signals in the distribution network are collected, and the obtained distribution network line data and traveling wave signals are preprocessed, including:

[0096] A distribution network line monitoring module is used to install monitoring terminals on the distribution network line and collect data of the distribution network line based on the monitoring terminals in real time, including load current, the voltage of the distribution network line, and operating parameters such as power factor, harmonic content, and three-phase unbalance degree;

[0097] A monitoring terminal management module is used to manage and control the monitoring terminals of each acquisition node, and perform real-time load monitoring, substation area load query, and load intelligent analysis on the monitoring terminals;

[0098] A traveling wave signal acquisition module is used to monitor the traveling wave signals in the distribution network in real time. The traveling wave signals include fault traveling waves and lightning traveling waves;

[0099] A data preprocessing module is used to perform data filtering, denoising, and normalization processing on the collected distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, and convert the traveling wave signals into digital signals;

[0100] In this embodiment, the distribution network line monitoring module further includes:

[0101] The real-time load monitoring is used to track the load of the distribution network line in real time, display load information, and monitor three-phase unbalance and overload conditions;

[0102] The substation area load query is used to query the specific data of the current, voltage, active power, and reactive power of the transformer in the distribution network line in real time;

[0103] The load intelligent analysis determines the load data of the distribution network line by performing simulated "opening or closing" operations on the switches in the distribution network line and analyzing the new topological structure generated after the operation;

[0104] In this embodiment, the real-time monitoring terminal collects the load current of the distribution network line, the voltage of the distribution network line, and operating parameters, tracks the load of the distribution network line, displays load information, and monitors three-phase unbalance and overload conditions, which helps the operation and maintenance personnel to timely understand the operating status of the distribution network line and provide data support for fault location and lightning protection measures. The functions of real-time load monitoring, substation area load query, and load intelligent analysis help the operation and maintenance personnel to quickly understand the operating status of the transformer, timely discover and handle abnormal conditions in the operation of the transformer, help the operation and maintenance personnel to predict the impact of different operations on the load of the distribution network line, provide decision-making support for optimizing the operation of the distribution network line, and improve the operation efficiency and safety of the distribution network line;

[0105] A fault warning unit, which is used to obtain the pre - processed distribution network line data, analyze the abnormal changes of the data in real - time, judge whether there is an abnormality in the power distribution, identify the abnormal data, match the corresponding fault type based on the identification result, and give an audible and visual alarm based on the fault type;

[0106] A fault location unit, which is used to obtain the pre - processed traveling - wave signal based on the fault result of the distribution network line, calculate the fault location based on the correlation between the propagation speed and time of the current traveling - wave in the cable, and determine the pole - setting data of the fault point based on the distribution network line data;

[0107] A communication unit, which is used to send the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit and the fault location unit to the master station platform. At the same time, it receives the control instructions sent by the master station platform. The master station platform displays the fault warning information and location information in an intuitive way, including detailed display and report of the current load situation borne by the distribution network line, real - time current and load situation and their curves of the distribution network line, detailed information of the monitoring points, display of load information on the single - line diagram, etc., so as to more intuitively understand the operation situation of the distribution network line, provide support for decision - making, facilitate the maintenance personnel to understand the fault situation. Through a friendly human - machine interaction interface, the maintenance personnel can view the fault warning information and location information, as well as perform equipment configuration and management operations.

[0108] In this embodiment, the data acquisition unit collects the distribution network line data and traveling - wave signal in real - time and accurately, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the data. The fault warning unit can timely discover the abnormal changes in the distribution network and quickly identify the fault type by analyzing the pre - processed data in real - time. Timely fault warning helps the maintenance personnel take measures in advance to prevent the further expansion of the fault, improving the safety and reliability of the distribution network. The fault location unit can accurately calculate the fault location and determine the pole - setting data of the fault point by using the correlation between the propagation speed and time of the current traveling - wave in the cable, reducing the time for the maintenance personnel to troubleshoot the fault and improving the efficiency of fault handling. The communication unit can send the output data of the data acquisition, fault warning and fault location units to the master station platform and receive the control instructions of the master station platform. The maintenance personnel can remotely monitor the operation status of the distribution network, timely handle the faults, improving the convenience and efficiency of maintenance, realizing the intelligent monitoring and management of the distribution network, improving the safety and reliability of the distribution network, reducing the operation and maintenance cost, and improving the operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0109] In this embodiment, the fault warning unit includes:

[0110] A fault discrimination module, which is used to extract the fault time series corresponding to the fault data of each monitoring point on the distribution network line, obtain the fault data current and voltage characteristics corresponding to the fault time series, and discriminate the fault type based on the fault data current and voltage characteristics. The fault types include short-circuit faults and grounding faults;

[0111] An abnormal monitoring module, which is used to obtain the distribution network line data in the distribution network line in real time, including current, voltage, power factor, equipment temperature and load conditions; at the same time, obtain the environmental data of the distribution network line, capture the abnormal discharge process before the fault occurs, and identify the discharge type based on the abnormal discharge characteristics of the abnormal discharge process;

[0112] In this embodiment, the abnormal monitoring module identifies the discharge type, including:

[0113] Tree obstacle hidden danger discharge warning: Real-time monitor whether there are over-height vegetation in the distribution network line corridor, and locate the tree obstacle hidden danger point. When the tree-line distance is less than the preset critical spacing value, send out a tree obstacle hidden danger warning message;

[0114] Hardware floating discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the abnormal discharge hardware on the distribution network line. When the discharge intensity reaches the preset warning value, send out a hardware abnormal warning message, and relevant personnel can conduct a timely investigation to prevent the occurrence of hardware fracture and shedding accidents;

[0115] Insulator deterioration discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the insulators with deteriorated discharge. When the insulators have deteriorated discharge, send out an insulator deterioration warning message to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to handle it in time to prevent the fracture fault of composite insulators;

[0116] Insulator pollution discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the polluted insulators on the distribution network line. When the surface of the insulators is polluted and causes discharge, send out an insulator pollution warning message to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to handle it to prevent the tripping of the distribution network line caused by insulator pollution flashover;

[0117] Distribution network line icing discharge warning: Real-time monitor the icing discharge situation of all insulators on the line. When the insulators discharge due to icing, send out a distribution network line icing warning message to facilitate the operation and maintenance personnel to carry out ice melting in time to prevent the occurrence of ice flashover tripping;

[0118] A warning module, which is used to trigger an alarm mechanism based on the fault type output by the fault discrimination module, send out an audible and visual alarm instruction corresponding to the fault type, trigger a warning mechanism based on the discharge type output by the abnormal monitoring module, and send out a warning instruction corresponding to the discharge type.

[0119] In this embodiment, the fault discrimination module accurately discriminates the fault type based on the current and voltage characteristics of the fault data, which helps the operation and maintenance personnel quickly locate the fault source and take corresponding treatment measures according to the fault type, improving the efficiency of fault handling. The abnormal monitoring module can monitor various abnormal discharge processes in the distribution network line in real time, including tree fault hidden danger discharge, fitting floating discharge, insulator deterioration discharge, insulator contamination discharge, and distribution network line icing discharge, etc. Through real-time monitoring and early warning, these hidden dangers can be discovered and processed in time to prevent the occurrence of faults. The alarm mechanism of the early warning module helps the operation and maintenance personnel quickly respond to and handle faults, reducing the impact of faults on the operation of the distribution network. Triggering the early warning mechanism according to the discharge type output by the abnormal monitoring module can help the operation and maintenance personnel more accurately understand the type and location of the abnormal discharge, so as to take corresponding treatment measures, reducing the frequency and scope of manual inspections and lowering the operation and maintenance costs.

[0120] In this embodiment, the fault location unit includes:

[0121] The section location module is used to detect and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each faulty distribution network line, and judge the specific distribution network line and the interval range where the fault occurs based on the comparison results;

[0122] In this embodiment, the section location module judges the specific distribution network line and the interval range where the fault occurs, specifically:

[0123] Based on the discrimination result of the fault discrimination module, after determining that a fault occurs in the distribution network line, detect the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each distribution network line, and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each distribution network line;

[0124] Extract the distribution network line with the zero-sequence current amplitude significantly higher than that of other distribution network lines and the opposite polarities of the zero-sequence currents on both sides of the fault point as the faulty distribution network line;

[0125] Based on the distribution characteristics of the steady-state zero-sequence current of the faulty distribution network line, construct the key nodes of the faulty distribution network line, compare the amplitudes of the zero-sequence currents of each key node of the faulty distribution network line, and judge the position interval where the fault point is located;

[0126] In this embodiment, the zero-sequence current of a fault-free distribution network line is equal to the capacitive current to the ground of its downstream distribution network line, flowing from the bus to the distribution network line. The farther away from the bus, the smaller its value, and it is almost zero at the end of the distribution network line; the zero-sequence current of a faulty distribution network line is equal to the capacitive current to the ground downstream of the faulty distribution network line, flowing from the bus to the distribution network line. The farther away from the fault point, the smaller its value, and it is almost zero at the end of the distribution network line; the zero-sequence current upstream of the faulty distribution network line is equal to the capacitive current to the ground of all fault-free distribution network lines plus the capacitive current between the fault point and the bus, flowing from the distribution network line to the bus; since the value is larger the farther away from the bus, the maximum value of the zero-sequence current is located at the fault point; for a faulty distribution network line, the zero-sequence currents on the left and right sides of the fault point flow in opposite directions, and generally the amplitude upstream of the fault point is much larger than that downstream. Therefore, the fault section can be judged based on this characteristic.

[0127] A traveling wave positioning module, configured to:

[0128] Obtain the processed traveling wave signal, and calculate the distance between the fault point and the monitoring terminal by using the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable and the time difference between the occurrence of the fault and the arrival of the traveling wave signal at the monitoring terminal;

[0129] Obtain the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line, and determine the specific pole data of the fault point based on the calculation result in combination with the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line;

[0130] In this embodiment, through the accurate and rapid fault location of the fault location unit, the operation and maintenance personnel can quickly find the fault point and repair it, thereby reducing the power outage time, improving the reliability and power supply quality of the power grid. Accurate location can reduce the inspection scope and time of the operation and maintenance personnel, reduce the labor cost. At the same time, quickly repairing the fault can also reduce the economic losses caused by power outages. Timely and accurately discovering and handling faults can prevent the expansion of faults, reduce equipment damage and safety accidents, and improve the safety of power grid operation.

[0131] This embodiment provides a distribution network line fault early warning and precise location system. The data preprocessing module includes:

[0132] Obtain the distribution network line data and traveling wave signal, and convert the distribution network line data and traveling wave signal to the frequency domain based on the Fourier transform, and respectively determine the frequency components and the relative intensities of the frequency components of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signal in the frequency domain based on the conversion result;

[0133] Based on the frequency components and the relative intensities of the frequency components, respectively determine the multi-scale difference decomposition scales for the distribution network line data and traveling wave signal, and perform multi-scale decomposition on the distribution network line data and traveling wave signal respectively based on the multi-scale difference decomposition scales;

[0134] Based on the multi-scale decomposition results, the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal at different scales are determined respectively, and the adaptive filtering parameters at different scales are determined respectively based on the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics;

[0135] Based on the adaptive filtering parameters, the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal are filtered respectively, and the data filtering results at different scales are reconstructed to obtain the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data;

[0136] Obtain the data service attributes of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, and determine the data standardization intervals of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal respectively based on the data service attributes;

[0137] Based on the data standardization intervals, the reference data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data are determined respectively, and the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data are standardized successively according to the pre-designed calculation rules based on the reference data values to obtain the standardized data values;

[0138] Based on the execution order, the standardized data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data are statistically summarized to complete the standardization process of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal.

[0139] In this embodiment, the frequency domain refers to a representation method that can display the frequency components and intensities of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal.

[0140] In this embodiment, the relative intensity refers to the value change situation of different components of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal.

[0141] In this embodiment, the multi-scale difference decomposition scale is determined according to the frequency distribution characteristics of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, and is used to split the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, so as to facilitate effective data filtering processing of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal.

[0142] In this embodiment, the frequency distribution characteristic refers to the data change situation of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal at different scales.

[0143] In this embodiment, the adaptive filtering parameter refers to the intensity of filtering the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal at different scales, that is, the specific limiting conditions of filtering.

[0144] In this embodiment, data filtering refers to removing the noise and interference data in the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, and the purpose is to extract high-quality distribution network line data and traveling wave signal.

[0145] In this embodiment, the filtered data refers to the data obtained by filtering the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, and then re-associating the filtering results at different scales.

[0146] In this embodiment, the data service attribute refers to the service category corresponding to the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, that is, the purpose to be achieved through the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, etc.

[0147] In this embodiment, the data standardization interval is used to characterize the specific value interval defined when standardizing the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal. For example, it can be [0, 1].

[0148] In this embodiment, the reference data value refers to the specific data selected from the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data that can be standardized. For example, it can be the maximum value and the minimum value in the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data.

[0149] In this embodiment, the pre-designed calculation rule is set in advance and is a specific rule for standardizing the filtered data of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave data according to the reference data value. For example, when the standardization interval is [0, 1], the pre-designed calculation rule can be to find the minimum value and the maximum value in the data. For each data point, subtract the minimum value from it and then divide by (the maximum value - the minimum value) to obtain the standardized value.

[0150] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By processing the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, the multi-scale difference decomposition scales of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal are respectively determined according to the processing results, so as to realize the multi-scale decomposition of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal according to the multi-scale difference decomposition scales. Secondly, the adaptively filtered distribution network line data and traveling wave signal after multi-scale decomposition are reconstructed, and the filtered data is accurately and effectively obtained, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the filtering results. Finally, by determining the data service attributes of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, the rigorous and reliable standardization processing of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal is realized according to the data service attributes, ensuring the preprocessing effect of the distribution network line data and the traveling wave signal, thereby providing reliable data support for the fault warning and precise positioning of the distribution network line.

[0151] This embodiment provides a distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system, a communication unit, including:

[0152] A data acquisition module, used for:

[0153] Obtain the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit. At the same time, extract the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform and the communication route in the communication network, configure a relay node in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform based on the communication route, and deploy a relay server at the relay node;

[0154] Obtain the category of data to be communicated, and configure a distributed downlink communication interface and a unified uplink communication interface for the relay server based on the category of data to be communicated;

[0155] The data transmission module is used for:

[0156] Regularly traverse the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit respectively based on the distributed downlink communication interface, and when output data is found during the traversal, carry the output data based on the data queue;

[0157] Obtain the carried output data from the queue based on the distributed downlink communication interface, and standardize the output data based on the relay server;

[0158] Add an attached authentication label to the standardized result based on the relay server, encapsulate the added result into a network transmission file, and upload the network transmission file to the master station platform based on the unified uplink communication interface;

[0159] The instruction transmission module is used for:

[0160] Receive the control instruction sent by the master station platform in real time based on the upload result of the network transmission file, and after receiving the control instruction, self-check the communication status of the communication links corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface;

[0161] When it is determined based on the self-check result that the communication link is occupied, allocate a temporary communication link for the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface based on the network transmission protocol, and configure permissions for the temporary communication link;

[0162] Send the control instruction to the monitoring terminal based on the temporary communication link according to the permission configuration result;

[0163] When the communication link is not occupied, send the control instruction to the monitoring terminal based on the communication links corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface.

[0164] In this embodiment, the communication route refers to the communication method between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform in the communication network.

[0165] In this embodiment, the relay node refers to a data node that manages data interaction between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, and is used for unifying the format and forwarding the interaction data between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform.

[0166] In this embodiment, the relay server refers to the server that processes data between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform.

[0167] In this embodiment, the data category to be communicated refers to the types of data that need to be communicated.

[0168] In this embodiment, the distributed downlink communication interface refers to the interface through which the relay server interacts with the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit, and the fault location unit.

[0169] In this embodiment, the unified uplink communication interface refers to the interface through which the relay server interacts with the master station platform, and there is only one.

[0170] In this embodiment, the data queue is the carrier for transmitting the data to be transmitted.

[0171] In this embodiment, the affiliated authentication label refers to the time information, category information, etc. corresponding to the standardized processing result, and is used to represent the basic information of the output data.

[0172] In this embodiment, the temporary communication link is a communication link temporarily established between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform in the communication network for transmitting control instructions.

[0173] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By determining the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform and the communication route in the communication network, a relay node is configured in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, and a relay server is deployed at the relay node, so as to facilitate the processing of the data sent by the monitoring terminal and the master station platform. Secondly, the relay server is configured with a distributed downlink communication interface and a unified uplink communication interface to effectively receive the output data of different units through the distributed downlink communication interface, perform standardized processing on the received data, and add an affiliated authentication label, so as to facilitate the accurate and effective transmission of the processed data to the master station platform through the unified uplink communication interface. Finally, during transmission, the control instructions sent by the master station platform are monitored in real time, and after the control instructions exist, the communication status of the communication link is self-checked, and the control instructions are transmitted according to the instruction transmission scheme corresponding to different situations based on the self-check result, improving the reliability of data communication between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, and also providing great convenience for the fault warning and precise positioning of the distribution network line.

[0174] Specifically, configuring a relay node in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform based on the communication route includes:

[0175] Determine the network devices between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform;

[0176] Extract the historical operation parameters of each network device, where the historical operation parameters include bandwidth, data transmission delay rate, packet loss rate, load, and network attack frequency, and the load is the ratio of the data traffic processed by the network device to its maximum data processing traffic;

[0177] Obtain the operation quality evaluation coefficient by using the bandwidth, data transmission delay rate, packet loss rate, load, and network attack frequency;

[0178] Among them, the operation quality evaluation coefficient is obtained through the following formula:

[0179] ;

[0180] Among them, Q represents the operation quality evaluation coefficient; n represents the number of unit time periods experienced by the network device during operation, and the unit time is 1 s; G fi represents the network attack frequency corresponding to the i-th unit time; B i represents the operation bandwidth corresponding to the i-th unit time; B e represents the rated bandwidth corresponding to the network device; D i represents the packet loss rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; F i represents the load corresponding to the i-th unit time; P ti represents the data transmission delay rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; G x represents the adjustment coefficient, and the adjustment coefficient is obtained through the following formula:

[0181] ;

[0182] Among them, G x represents the adjustment coefficient; n represents the number of unit time periods experienced by the network device during operation, and the unit time is 1 s; G fi represents the network attack frequency corresponding to the i-th unit time; B i represents the operation bandwidth corresponding to the i-th unit time; B e represents the rated bandwidth corresponding to the network device; D i represents the packet loss rate corresponding to the i-th unit time; F i represents the load corresponding to the i-th unit time;

[0183] Compare the operation quality evaluation coefficient with a preset coefficient threshold;

[0184] When the operation quality evaluation coefficient exceeds the preset coefficient threshold, configure a relay node on the network device where the operation quality evaluation coefficient exceeds the preset coefficient threshold.

[0185] The technical effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By comprehensively evaluating the bandwidth, data transmission delay rate, packet loss rate, load, and network attack frequency of network devices, this solution can accurately identify potential bottlenecks and weak links in network communication. In particular, by introducing the operation quality evaluation coefficient Q, which comprehensively considers multiple key performance indicators, it can comprehensively reflect the operation status of network devices. The adjustment coefficient G in the solution x is dynamically adjusted according to the actual operation status of network devices within different unit times to ensure that the evaluation coefficient Q can accurately reflect the true performance of network devices. This dynamic adjustment mechanism helps to optimize the allocation of network resources and avoid over-concentration of resources on certain devices, resulting in network bottlenecks. By reasonably configuring relay nodes, network traffic can be balanced to ensure the efficient utilization of network resources. The network attack frequency, as an important parameter of the evaluation coefficient Q, reflects the degree of security threats faced by network devices. By monitoring and evaluating the network attack frequency, this solution can take preventive measures before or at the initial stage of an attack, such as configuring relay nodes to disperse attack targets and reduce the risk of a single device being attacked. In addition, the configuration of relay nodes can also serve as an additional security barrier to filter and detect the data passing through, further enhancing the security of the network. By real-time monitoring the operation status of network devices and configuring relay nodes based on the operation quality evaluation coefficient, this solution enables network maintenance personnel to promptly discover and solve network problems. At the same time, as the network scale expands and business grows, the configuration of relay nodes can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the new network environment and business requirements. This flexibility and scalability help to reduce the costs of network maintenance and upgrade. This solution combines multiple links such as real-time monitoring, data analysis, and intelligent decision-making to achieve the intelligent management of network communication. By continuously collecting and analyzing the operation data of network devices, the configuration strategy of relay nodes can be continuously optimized to improve the performance and efficiency of network communication. This trend of intelligent development helps to promote the innovation and progress of network technology.

[0186] In summary, by configuring relay nodes in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform, this technical solution can not only improve the stability and reliability of network communication, optimize the allocation of network resources, enhance the security of the network, but also improve the maintainability and scalability of the network, and promote the intelligent development of the network. These technical effects are of great significance for building an efficient, secure, and reliable network communication system.

[0187] This embodiment provides a distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system. The fault positioning unit includes:

[0188] A statistics module for:

[0189] obtaining the total number of distribution network line fault warnings within a preset time period, and determining the number of incorrect fault warnings of the distribution network line according to the distribution network line fault warning results;

[0190] Meanwhile, determine the total number of distribution network line fault locations based on the actual number of fault early warnings, and the target number of accurate locations among the total number of distribution network line fault locations;

[0191] The first calculation module is used to calculate the accuracy rate of distribution network line fault early warning based on the total number of distribution network line fault early warnings and the number of false fault early warnings of the distribution network line according to the following formula. Meanwhile, calculate the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location based on the total number of distribution network line fault locations and the target number of accurate locations among the total number of distribution network line fault locations:

[0192] ;

[0193] Among them, represents the accuracy rate of distribution network line fault early warning, and the value range is (0, 1); represents the error coefficient, and the value range is (0.02, 0.05); represents the total number of distribution network line fault early warnings; represents the number of false fault early warnings of the distribution network line, and the value is less than ;

[0194] ;

[0195] Among them, represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location, and the value range is (0, 1); represents the target number of accurate locations among the total number of distribution network line fault locations; represents the total number of distribution network line fault locations, and the value is greater than ; represents the test distance value between the fault point determined based on the traveling wave signal and the monitoring terminal during the distribution network line fault location; represents the actual distance value between the fault point and the monitoring terminal during the distribution network line fault location; represents the accuracy rate of distribution network line fault early warning, and the value range is (0, 1);

[0196] The second calculation module is used to calculate the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the distribution network line fault early warning and accurate location according to the following formula:

[0197] ;

[0198] Among them, represents the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the distribution network line fault early warning and accurate location; represents the target weight corresponding to the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault early warning; Represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning, and its value range is (0, 1); Represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location, and its value range is (0, 1);

[0199] Compare the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value with the preset effect threshold;

[0200] If the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold, it is determined that the distribution network line fault warning and location are qualified;

[0201] Otherwise, it is determined that the distribution network line fault warning and location are unqualified, and the optimization direction and optimization parameters for the distribution network line fault warning and location are determined based on the determination result;

[0202] Optimize the distribution network line fault warning and location based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters until the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold.

[0203] In this embodiment, the comprehensive effect evaluation value is used to characterize the quality of the distribution network line fault warning and precise location. The larger the value, the better the distribution network line fault warning and precise location effect.

[0204] In this embodiment, the target weight is used to characterize the importance degree corresponding to the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning and the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location in the effect evaluation, and it is known in advance.

[0205] In this embodiment, the preset effect threshold is set in advance. It is the minimum standard for measuring whether the comprehensive effect evaluation value meets the requirements and can be adjusted.

[0206] In this embodiment, the optimization direction and optimization parameters refer to the specific parameter categories for optimizing the distribution network line fault warning and location, and the specific degree of optimizing the specific parameter categories.

[0207] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by calculating the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning and the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location respectively, and then accurately evaluating the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the distribution network line fault warning and precise location according to the calculated accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning and the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault location, so as to facilitate optimizing the distribution network line fault warning and precise location scheme in time when the distribution network line fault warning and precise location do not meet the requirements, thereby improving the effect of the distribution network line fault warning and precise location.

[0208] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes, shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system, characterized in that, Including: A data acquisition unit, which is used to deploy monitoring terminals at each acquisition node. The monitoring terminals collect distribution network line data in real time. At the same time, it collects traveling wave signals in the distribution network and preprocesses the obtained distribution network line data and traveling wave signals; A fault warning unit, which is used to obtain the preprocessed distribution network line data, analyze the abnormal changes of the data in real time, judge whether the power distribution is abnormal, identify the abnormal data, match the corresponding fault types based on the identification results, and give an audible and visual alarm based on the fault types; A fault location unit, which is used to obtain the preprocessed traveling wave signals based on the fault results of the distribution network line, calculate the fault location based on the correlation between the propagation speed and time of the current traveling wave in the cable, and determine the pole data of the fault point based on the distribution network line data; A communication unit, which is used to send the output data of the data acquisition unit, the fault warning unit and the fault location unit to the master station platform. At the same time, it receives the control instructions sent by the master station platform; The fault location unit includes: A statistics module, which is used to: Obtain the total number of fault warnings of the distribution network line within a preset time period, and determine the number of incorrect fault warnings of the distribution network line according to the fault warning results of the distribution network line; At the same time, determine the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line based on the actual number of fault warnings and the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line; A first calculation module, which is used to calculate the fault warning accuracy rate of the distribution network line based on the total number of fault warnings of the distribution network line and the number of incorrect fault warnings of the distribution network line according to the following formula. At the same time, calculate the accuracy rate of fault location of the distribution network line based on the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line and the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line; ； Among them, represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning, and its value range is (0, 1); represents the error coefficient, and its value range is (0.02, 0.05); represents the total number of distribution network line fault warnings; represents the number of false fault warnings of the distribution network line, and its value is less than ; ； Among them, represents the accuracy rate of the fault location of the distribution network line, and the value range is (0, 1); represents the target number of accurate locations in the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line; represents the total number of fault locations of the distribution network line, and the value is greater than represents the test distance value between the fault point determined based on the traveling wave signal and the monitoring terminal during the fault location of the distribution network line; represents the actual distance value between the fault point and the monitoring terminal during the fault location of the distribution network line; represents the accuracy rate of the fault early warning of the distribution network line, and the value range is (0, 1); A second calculation module, which is used to calculate the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the fault warning and accurate location of the distribution network line according to the following formula; ； Among them, represents the comprehensive effect evaluation value of the distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning; represents the target weight corresponding to the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning; represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault warning, and the value range is (0, 1); represents the accuracy rate of the distribution network line fault positioning, and the value range is (0, 1).

2. The distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit includes: A distribution network line monitoring module, which is used to install monitoring terminals on the distribution network line and collect the data of the distribution network line based on the monitoring terminals in real time, including load current, distribution network line voltage and operating parameters; A monitoring terminal management module, which is used to manage and control the monitoring terminals at each acquisition node, and conduct real-time load monitoring, substation area load query and load intelligent analysis on the monitoring terminals; The real-time load monitoring is used to track the load of the distribution network line in real time, display the load information, and monitor the three-phase imbalance and overload conditions; The substation area load query is used to query the specific data of the current, voltage, active power and reactive power of the transformer in the distribution network line in real time; The load intelligent analysis analyzes the new topological structure generated after the simulation operation of the switches in the distribution network line and determines the load data of the distribution network line; A traveling wave signal acquisition module, which is used to monitor the traveling wave signals in the distribution network in real time. The traveling wave signals include fault traveling waves and lightning traveling waves; A data preprocessing module, which is used to perform data filtering, denoising and standardization processing on the collected distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, and convert the traveling wave signals into digital signals.

3. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 2, wherein: The data preprocessing module includes: Obtain the obtained distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, convert the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals to the frequency domain based on Fourier transform, and respectively determine the frequency components of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals in the frequency domain and the relative intensities of the frequency components based on the conversion results; Respectively determine the multi-scale difference decomposition scales for the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals based on the frequency components and the relative intensities of the frequency components, and perform multi-scale decomposition on the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals respectively based on the multi-scale difference decomposition scales; Respectively determine the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals at different scales based on the multi-scale decomposition results, and respectively determine the adaptive filtering parameters at different scales based on the characteristic frequency distribution characteristics; Perform data filtering on the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals respectively based on the adaptive filtering parameters, and reconstruct the data filtering results at different scales to obtain the filtered data of the distribution network line data and traveling wave data; Obtain the data service attributes of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals, and respectively determine the data standardization intervals of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals based on the data service attributes; Respectively determine the reference data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and traveling wave data based on the data standardization intervals, and perform standardization processing on the filtered data of the distribution network line data and traveling wave data in sequence according to the pre-designed calculation rules based on the reference data values to obtain the standardized data values; Statistically summarize the standardized data values of the filtered data of the distribution network line data and traveling wave data based on the execution order to complete the standardization processing of the distribution network line data and traveling wave signals.

4. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Fault warning unit, including: Fault discrimination module, which is used to extract the fault time series corresponding to the fault data of each monitoring point of the distribution network line, obtain the fault data current and voltage characteristics corresponding to the fault time series, and discriminate the fault type based on the fault data current and voltage characteristics. The fault types include short-circuit faults and ground faults; Abnormality monitoring module, which is used to obtain the distribution network line data in the distribution network line in real time, including current, voltage, power factor, equipment temperature and load conditions; at the same time, obtain the environmental data of the distribution network line, capture the abnormal discharge process before the fault occurs, and identify the discharge type based on the abnormal discharge characteristics of the abnormal discharge process; Warning module, which is used to trigger the alarm mechanism based on the fault type output by the fault discrimination module and issue an audible and visual alarm instruction corresponding to the fault type, and trigger the warning mechanism based on the discharge type output by the abnormality monitoring module and issue a warning instruction corresponding to the discharge type.

5. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The abnormality monitoring module identifies the discharge type, including: Tree obstacle hidden danger discharge warning: Real-time monitor whether there are ultra-high vegetation in the distribution network line corridor, locate the tree obstacle hidden danger point, and issue a tree obstacle hidden danger warning message when the tree-line distance is less than the preset critical spacing value; Fitting floating discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the abnormal discharge fittings on the distribution network line, and issue an abnormal fitting warning message when the discharge intensity reaches the preset warning value; Insulator deterioration discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate the insulators with deterioration discharge, and issue an insulator deterioration warning message when the insulators have deterioration discharge; Insulator contamination discharge warning: Real-time monitor and locate contaminated insulators on the distribution network line. When the surface of the insulator is contaminated and causes discharge, issue an insulator contamination warning message; Icing discharge warning for distribution network line: Real-time monitor the icing discharge situation of all insulators on the line. When the insulator discharges due to icing, issue an icing warning message for the distribution network line.

6. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Fault location unit, including: Section location module, used to detect and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each faulty distribution network line, and judge the specific distribution network line and the range of the section where the fault occurs based on the comparison results; Traveling wave location module, used for: Obtain the processed traveling wave signal, and calculate the distance between the fault point and the monitoring terminal by using the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable and the time difference between the occurrence of the fault and the arrival of the traveling wave signal at the monitoring terminal; Obtain the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line, and determine the specific pole data of the fault point based on the calculation results in combination with the geographical information and pole tower distribution data of the distribution network line.

7. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The section location module judges the specific distribution network line and the range of the section where the fault occurs, specifically: Based on the discrimination result of the fault discrimination module, after determining that a fault occurs in the distribution network line, detect the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each distribution network line, and compare the amplitudes and polarities of the steady-state zero-sequence currents of each distribution network line; Extract the distribution network line with the zero-sequence current amplitude significantly higher than that of other distribution network lines and the opposite polarities of the zero-sequence currents on both sides of the fault point as the faulty distribution network line; Construct key nodes of the faulty distribution network line based on the distribution characteristics of the steady-state zero-sequence current of the faulty distribution network line, compare the amplitudes of the zero-sequence currents of each key node of the faulty distribution network line, and judge the position interval where the fault point is located.

8. The distribution network line fault early warning and precise positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Communication unit, including: Data acquisition module, used for: Obtain the output data of the data acquisition unit, fault warning unit and fault location unit. At the same time, extract the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform and the communication route in the communication network, and configure relay nodes in the communication network between the monitoring terminal and the master station platform based on the communication route, and deploy relay servers at the relay nodes; Obtain the category of data to be communicated, and configure distributed downlink communication interfaces and unified uplink communication interfaces for the relay server based on the category of data to be communicated; Data transmission module, used for: Regularly traverse the output data of the data acquisition unit, fault warning unit and fault location unit respectively based on the distributed downlink communication interface, and when output data is found during the traversal, carry the output data based on the data queue; Obtain the carried output data from the queue based on the distributed downlink communication interface, and standardize the output data based on the relay server; Add an attached authentication label to the standardized result based on the relay server, encapsulate the added result into a network transmission file, and upload the network transmission file to the master station platform based on the unified uplink communication interface; Instruction transmission module, used for: Receive the control instructions issued by the master station platform in real time based on the upload result of the network transmission file, and after receiving the control instructions, self-check the communication status of the communication links corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface; When it is determined that the communication link is occupied based on the self-check result, allocate a temporary communication link for the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface based on the network transmission protocol, and perform permission configuration on the temporary communication link; Send the control instruction to the monitoring terminal according to the temporary communication link based on the permission configuration result; When the communication link is not occupied, send the control instruction to the monitoring terminal based on the communication link corresponding to the distributed downlink communication interface and the unified uplink communication interface.

9. The distribution network line fault warning and precise positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second calculation module further includes: Compare the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value with the preset effect threshold; If the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold, it is determined that the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are qualified; Otherwise, it is determined that the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are unqualified, and the optimization direction and optimization parameters for the fault warning and location of the distribution network line are determined based on the determination result; Optimize the fault warning and location of the distribution network line based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters until the calculated comprehensive effect evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset effect threshold.

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