Water and fertilizer regulation and control method and system for saline-alkali soil grain-fed crops

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a water and fertilizer regulation and control method and system for saline-alkali soil grain-feed crops, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, soil preliminary improvement and crop selection: performing preliminary improvement on saline-alkali soil; s2, dynamically predicting, regulating and controlling the soil conductivity: monitoring and dynamically predicting the change trend of the soil conductivity in real time; s3, formulating a water and fertilizer management strategy: formulating the water and fertilizer management strategy; s4, dynamic optimization of saline-alkali soil moisture evaporation: acquiring environmental data in real time, and performing dynamic optimization management on the moisture evaporation process of the saline-alkali soil; s5, crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation and control: identifying salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption obstacles, and adjusting a water and fertilizer management strategy in real time; s6, final-period management and soil ecological restoration, wherein ecological restoration is conducted on the saline-alkali soil. According to the invention, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption obstacles are identified and solved in time, and healthy growth of crops is further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a water and fertilizer regulation method and system for grain, cash and forage crops in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a type of land where the soil structure deteriorates, water permeability decreases, and crop growth is inhibited due to excessive salt and alkaline content in the soil. With global climate change and irrational land use, the area of ​​saline-alkali land has gradually expanded, becoming an important factor limiting agricultural productivity. Traditional methods for the improvement and efficient utilization of saline-alkali land usually include physical improvement, chemical improvement, and biological improvement. Although these methods can improve soil structure to a certain extent, they have limited effects in practical applications and have high maintenance costs.

[0003] Existing saline-alkali land water and fertilizer management technologies mostly rely on traditional empirical fertilization and irrigation methods, lacking real-time monitoring and dynamic regulation of key parameters such as soil electrical conductivity. Traditional methods often cannot respond to changes in environmental conditions and soil conditions in a timely manner, resulting in low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, which can easily cause further accumulation of soil salt and crop growth disorders. In addition, the existing technologies have limited monitoring methods for the health of crop roots, making it difficult to identify salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders in a timely manner, which in turn affects the healthy growth and yield of crops. In addition, after the crops are harvested, the post-management and ecological restoration measures for the soil are insufficient, making it difficult for the soil to return to a suitable state before the next round of crop planting, affecting the long-term utilization efficiency and sustainable production capacity of the land.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a water and fertilizer regulation method for grain, cash and fodder crops in saline-alkali land, ensuring that the soil is restored to a suitable state before the next round of crop planting, thereby improving the long-term utilization efficiency of saline-alkali land and the sustainability of agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a method and system for regulating water and fertilizer for grain, cash crops and forage crops in saline-alkali land.

[0006] A method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, use a combination of biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep tillage and application of organic matter (such as rotted straw or animal manure), select grain, cash and forage crop varieties that are highly resistant to salt and alkali, and determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions;

[0008] S2, dynamic prediction and regulation of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of soil conductivity change trends, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plans based on the prediction results, including:

[0009] S21, data collection: real-time soil data collection through sensor networks, including soil conductivity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil salt concentration;

[0010] S22, dynamic prediction: dynamically predict the collected soil data through the soil conductivity prediction model to identify the changing trend of soil conductivity;

[0011] S23, implementation of control strategy: based on the identified trend of soil conductivity, real-time adjustment of water and fertilizer application schemes, including adjustment of irrigation frequency and fertilizer application amount;

[0012] S3, water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: formulate water and fertilizer management strategies based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage;

[0013] S4, Dynamic optimization of water evaporation in saline-alkali land: Real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamic optimization management of water evaporation process in saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy;

[0014] S5, crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, the health status of the crop root system is monitored in real time, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption obstacles are identified, and water and fertilizer management strategies are adjusted immediately;

[0015] S6, post-management and soil ecological restoration: After the crops mature and are harvested, ecological restoration of the saline-alkali land is carried out based on changes in soil electrical conductivity and salinity.

[0016] Optionally, the preliminary soil improvement and crop selection in S1 include:

[0017] S11, application of biological modifiers: applying beneficial microbial flora to saline-alkali land to reduce soil salinity through biological action;

[0018] S12, application of physical amendments: physical amendments, including gypsum and calcium sulfate, are applied to the soil to neutralize the sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange;

[0019] S13, deep tillage and application of organic matter: deep tillage is carried out on saline-alkali land, and at the same time, decomposed organic matter, including straw and animal manure, is applied to increase the organic matter content of the soil;

[0020] S14, Crop selection and sowing time determination: Based on the initial soil improvement condition, select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt and alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time based on local climatic conditions.

[0021] Optionally, the data collection in S21 includes:

[0022] S211, sensor network deployment: deploy multiple sensors at different depths and areas of the saline-alkali land, including conductivity sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and salinity sensors;

[0023] S212, real-time data collection: collect the conductivity, temperature, humidity and salt concentration data in the soil in real time through the sensor network, and store the collected real-time soil data.

[0024] Optionally, the soil conductivity prediction model in S22 adopts a neural network model, and the neural network model includes:

[0025] S221, input layer: standardize the collected soil data and use the standardized soil data as input data;

[0026] S222, Temporal Convolutional Network Layer: The Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) layer is introduced to process time series data, expressed as:

[0027]

[0028] in, is the output of the jth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight of the convolution kernel, d j is the expansion factor, is the input of the l-1th layer, is the bias, f is the ReLU activation function;

[0029] S223, Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network: A multilayer feedforward neural network (MLP) is used to capture the global pattern of the input variables, expressed as:

[0030]

[0031] in, is the output of the kth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight parameter of the lth layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the lth layer;

[0032] S224, residual connection: Add residual connection so that the output of each layer depends not only on the current layer, but also on the input of the previous layer, strengthening feature transfer, expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] in, is the output value of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the weight parameter of the l+1th layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the output value of the jth neuron in the lth layer;

[0035] S225, output layer design: The output layer is the predicted value of soil conductivity, expressed as:

[0036]

[0037] in, is the final output of the model, W out is the weight matrix of the output layer, h (L) is the output of the last hidden layer, b out is the bias of the output layer;

[0038] S226, loss function and optimization: The mean square error (MSE) is used as the loss function, and the Adam optimizer is used for parameter update.

[0039] Optionally, the implementation of the control strategy in S23 includes:

[0040] S231, real-time adjustment of irrigation frequency: based on the identified trend of soil conductivity change, the rate of water loss and the probability of salt accumulation in the soil are dynamically calculated, and the irrigation frequency is adjusted in real time, which is expressed as:

[0041] R w =α1·(T s -T opt )+α2·(H s -H opt );

[0042] F i =F base +β1·R w ;

[0043] Among them, R w is the water loss rate, T s is the current soil temperature, T opt is the optimal soil temperature for crop growth, H s is the current soil moisture, H opt is the optimal soil moisture for crop growth, the weight parameters of α1 and α2, and F i is the adjusted irrigation frequency, F base is the basic irrigation frequency, β1 is the adjustment factor;

[0044] S232, real-time optimization of fertilizer application: Combined with the predicted results of soil conductivity, the nutrient demand and salt concentration of the soil are evaluated, and the fertilizer application amount is adjusted in real time through the optimization algorithm, which is expressed as:

[0045] S c =E c -E c，opt ;

[0046] F n =F n，base -β2·S c ;

[0047] Among them, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the target value of soil conductivity (the set optimal conductivity), F n is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n，base is the basic fertilizer amount, and β2 is the adjustment factor.

[0048] Optionally, the water and fertilizer management strategy formulation in S3 includes:

[0049] S31, crop growth stage demand analysis: According to the crop growth cycle, it is divided into multiple growth stages, including germination, growth, flowering and maturity. The demand for water and nutrients in each growth stage is evaluated. Combined with the changing trend of soil conductivity, the optimal water and fertilizer supply in each stage is determined, expressed as:

[0050]

[0051] in, is the water requirement of the crop at the gth growth stage, is the water demand coefficient for the g-th growth stage, is the target water supply for crops in the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α w is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to water demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the optimum soil conductivity;

[0052]

[0053] in, is the nutrient requirement of the crop at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement coefficient for the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α nis the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to nutrient demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the optimum soil conductivity;

[0054] S32, optimization of the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan: matching the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan with the crop growth stage requirements, analyzing the impact of current soil data on crop growth requirements, and optimizing the water and fertilizer application plan, expressed as:

[0055]

[0056] in, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the water requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ w is the adjustment coefficient, R w is the current water loss rate, R w,opt is the target water loss rate, β w is the regulation coefficient of soil conductivity on water supply;

[0057]

[0058] in, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ n is the adjustment coefficient, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, S c,opt is the target value of soil salinity concentration, β n is the regulation coefficient of soil conductivity on nutrient supply;

[0059] S33, final water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: Based on the optimized water and fertilizer application plan, formulate a water and fertilizer management strategy, including the irrigation frequency, fertilization time and fertilization amount at each growth stage, expressed as:

[0060]

[0061] in, is the final water and fertilizer supply strategy for the g-th growth stage, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, are the weight parameters for water supply and nutrient supply, respectively.

[0062] Optionally, the dynamic optimization of saline-alkali land water evaporation in S4 includes:

[0063] S41, real-time collection of environmental data: Through the sensor network deployed in the saline-alkali land, real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature T a 、Air humidity H a and wind speed V w ;

[0064] S42, water evaporation rate calculation: Based on the collected environmental data, the water evaporation rate is calculated, expressed as:

[0065] E r =λ·(α1·(T a -T opt )+α2·(H opt -H a )+α3·V w );

[0066] Among them, E r is the current evaporation rate, λ is the adjustment coefficient, T a is the current air temperature, T opt is the target air temperature (the temperature that is most conducive to reducing evaporation), H a is the current air humidity, H opt is the target air humidity (the humidity that is most conducive to reducing evaporation), V w is the current wind speed, α1, θ2, α3: weight coefficients;

[0067] S43, Combination and dynamic optimization of water and fertilizer management strategies: Dynamically adjust the irrigation amount W based on the real-time collected environmental data and calculated water evaporation rate, combined with the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy i and fertilizer application rate F n , expressed as:

[0068] W opt =W i -β w ·E r ;

[0069] F opt =F n -β f ·E r ;

[0070] Among them, W opt is the adjusted irrigation amount, W i is the initial set irrigation amount (based on water and fertilizer management strategy), β w is the adjustment factor, F opt is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n is the initial set fertilizer amount (based on water and fertilizer management strategy), β f is the adjustment coefficient.

[0071] Optionally, the crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation in S5 includes:

[0072] S51, real-time monitoring of root parameters: using underground sensor networks and root imaging technology to collect the distribution, density and growth rate of crop roots in real time;

[0073] S52, root health status assessment: By comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the root distribution range, density, growth rate and soil conductivity, the root health status index is calculated and expressed as:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, H r is the root health index, γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the influence weights of root distribution, density, and growth rate on root health, respectively, and R d , R ρ , R v are the root distribution, density and growth rate currently monitored, R d,opt , R ρ，opt , R v，opt are the optimal values ​​of root distribution, density and growth rate, respectively, and δ is the soil conductivity E c The coefficient of influence on root health;

[0076] S53, identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorder: combined with the calculated root health index H r , identify salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers of the root system, expressed as:

[0077] If H r <H r，crit , then identify as salt stress or nutrient absorption disorder;

[0078] Among them, H r,crit is the critical value of root health status;

[0079] S54, real-time adjustment of feedback control strategy: according to the root health index H r The evaluation results and identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers can be used to dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer management strategy, which can be expressed as:

[0080] W adj =W opt +β r ·(H r，crit -H r );

[0081] F adj =Fopt +β f ·(H r，crit -H r );

[0082] Among them, W adj is the adjusted irrigation amount, W opt is the initial irrigation amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β r is the adjustment factor, F adj is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F opt is the initial fertilizer application amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β f is the adjustment factor.

[0083] Optionally, the post-management and soil ecological restoration in S6 include:

[0084] S61, soil conductivity and salinity change monitoring: After crops mature and are harvested, the soil conductivity and soil salt concentration of saline-alkali land are continuously monitored using a sensor network;

[0085] S62, Ecological Restoration Plan Formulation: Based on the monitoring results, formulate an ecological restoration plan, including:

[0086] Apply amendments: Based on the results of soil conductivity monitoring, apply chemical or organic amendments, including gypsum and humic acid, to neutralize the salt in the soil;

[0087] Deep plowing and salt removal: For areas with serious salt accumulation, deep plowing and salt removal technology is used to remove the salt accumulated in the soil through physical means or reduce the salt concentration in the soil;

[0088] Vegetation restoration: After completing soil improvement, plant salt-tolerant plants or green manure crops to restore and enhance the ecological function of the soil.

[0089] A water and fertilizer control system for grain, cash crops and forage crops in saline-alkali land, used to implement the above-mentioned water and fertilizer control method for grain, cash crops and forage crops in saline-alkali land, comprises the following modules:

[0090] Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection module: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, combine biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep tillage and application of organic matter, select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions;

[0091] Dynamic prediction and control module of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of the changing trend of soil conductivity, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plan according to the prediction results;

[0092] Water and fertilizer management strategy formulation module: formulate water and fertilizer management strategies based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage;

[0093] Dynamic optimization module for saline-alkali land water evaporation: collects environmental data in real time, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamically optimizes the water evaporation process of saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy;

[0094] Crop root health monitoring and feedback control module: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, it monitors the health status of the crop root system in real time, identifies salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders, and adjusts the water and fertilizer management strategy in real time;

[0095] Post-management and soil ecological restoration module: After the crops mature and are harvested, the saline-alkali land is ecologically restored according to the changes in soil conductivity and salinity to restore the health of the soil.

[0096] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0097] The present invention, through the combined application of biological and physical improvers, combined with deep plowing and the addition of organic matter, effectively reduces the salinity of the soil, improves the soil structure, enhances the air permeability and fertility of the soil, and creates favorable conditions for the healthy growth of crops. The optimization of crop selection and sowing time ensures that the crops can adapt to growth in the improved saline-alkali land environment, thereby improving the yield and quality of the crops.

[0098] The present invention, through real-time monitoring of soil conductivity and environmental data, combined with a neural network prediction model, can dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer application plan, optimize the supply of water and nutrients, effectively prevent excessive accumulation of salt in the soil, avoid the negative impact of excessive irrigation or improper fertilization on crop growth, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of water and fertilizer management. At the same time, through the health monitoring of crop roots, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders can be identified and resolved in a timely manner, further ensuring the healthy growth of crops.

[0099] The present invention, through post-management and soil ecological restoration measures, continuously monitors and scientifically restores saline-alkali land after crop harvest to restore the healthy state of the soil. The ecological function of the soil is restored and enhanced through measures such as application of modifiers, deep ploughing to drain salt and vegetation restoration, ensuring that the soil reaches suitable conditions before the next round of crop planting, thereby improving the long-term utilization efficiency and sustainable production capacity of saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0100] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0101] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of system function modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0104] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0105] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0106] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0107] S1. Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, use a combination of biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep ploughing and application of organic matter (such as rotted straw or animal manure), select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions, and ensure the growth adaptability of crops in saline-alkali land environment;

[0108] S2, dynamic prediction and regulation of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of soil conductivity change trends, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plans based on the prediction results to ensure that soil conductivity remains within the optimal range for crop growth and to avoid damage to crops caused by excessive salt accumulation, including:

[0109] S21, data collection: real-time soil data collection through sensor networks, including soil conductivity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil salt concentration;

[0110] S22, dynamic prediction: dynamically predict the collected soil data through the soil conductivity prediction model to identify the change trend of soil conductivity;

[0111] S23, implementation of control strategies: based on the identified trend of soil conductivity changes, real-time adjustments are made to the water and fertilizer application scheme, including adjusting the irrigation frequency and fertilizer application amount, in response to environmental changes to ensure that soil conductivity remains within the optimal range for crop growth;

[0112] S3, water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: Based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage, a water and fertilizer management strategy is formulated to achieve efficient use of water and fertilizer while avoiding salt accumulation caused by excessive fertilization or irrigation;

[0113] S4, Dynamic optimization of water evaporation in saline-alkali land: Real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamic optimization management of water evaporation in saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy, reduce excessive evaporation of surface water, prevent salt from re-accumulating on the soil surface, and thus maintain the appropriate moisture and salinity level of the soil;

[0114] S5, crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, the health status of the crop root system is monitored in real time, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption obstacles are identified, and water and fertilizer management strategies are adjusted immediately to ensure that the crop root system can grow healthily in the saline-alkali environment and improve the crop's stress resistance and yield;

[0115] S6, post-management and soil ecological restoration: After the crops mature and are harvested, the saline-alkali land is ecologically restored according to the changes in soil conductivity and salinity;

[0116] Through the above steps, key parameters can be monitored and adjusted dynamically in real time, environmental data can be combined with crop needs, water and fertilizer application can be optimized, soil salt accumulation can be prevented, crop resistance and yield can be enhanced, and long-term sustainable use of the soil can be ensured, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural production in saline-alkali land.

[0117] Initial soil improvement and crop selection in S1 include:

[0118] S11, application of biological modifiers: applying beneficial microbial flora to saline-alkali land to promote the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, increase soil microbial activity, and reduce soil salinity through biological action;

[0119] S12, application of physical amendments: physical amendments, including gypsum and calcium sulfate, are applied to the soil to neutralize sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange, further reduce soil salinity, and improve the physical structure of the soil;

[0120] S13, deep tillage and application of organic matter: deep tillage is carried out on saline-alkali land to break up soil compaction and enhance soil air permeability and water penetration. At the same time, decomposed organic matter, including straw and animal manure, is applied to increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility and structure.

[0121] S14, Crop selection and sowing time determination: According to the initial soil improvement conditions, select grain, cash and forage crop varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time in combination with local climatic conditions to ensure that crops can achieve good growth in the improved saline-alkali land environment;

[0122] Through the above contents, the soil salinity is effectively reduced, the soil structure is improved, and the soil fertility and permeability are enhanced. At the same time, deep plowing and the application of organic matter further optimize the soil conditions and provide a more favorable environment for the growth of salt-alkali tolerant crops. In addition, the crop varieties and sowing times are reasonably selected according to local climatic conditions to ensure that the crops can fully adapt to the environment on the improved saline-alkali land, improve yield and quality, and realize the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land.

[0123] Data collection in S21 includes:

[0124] S211, sensor network deployment: multiple sensors, including conductivity sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and salinity sensors, are deployed at different depths and areas of saline-alkali land to ensure full coverage and real-time monitoring of key soil parameters;

[0125] S212, real-time data collection: collect the conductivity, temperature, humidity and salt concentration data in the soil in real time through the sensor network, and store the collected real-time soil data;

[0126] Through the above content, the soil conductivity, temperature, humidity and salt concentration can be collected comprehensively and accurately. The real-time collection and transmission mechanism ensures the timeliness and accuracy of the data, which helps to accurately adjust the water and fertilizer management strategies and optimize the crop growth environment, thereby improving the agricultural production efficiency and crop quality of saline-alkali land.

[0127] The soil conductivity prediction model in S22 adopts a neural network model, which includes:

[0128] S221, input layer: standardize the collected soil data and use the standardized soil data as input data;

[0129] S222, Temporal Convolutional Network Layer: The Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) layer is introduced to process time series data, expressed as:

[0130]

[0131] in, is the output of the jth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight of the convolution kernel, d j is the expansion factor, is the input of the l-1th layer, is the bias, f is the ReLU activation function;

[0132] S223, Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network: A multilayer feedforward neural network (MLP) is used to capture the global pattern of the input variables, expressed as:

[0133]

[0134] in, is the output of the kth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight parameter of the lth layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the lth layer;

[0135] S224, residual connection: In order to avoid the gradient vanishing problem, residual connection is added so that the output of each layer depends not only on the current layer, but also on the input of the previous layer, strengthening feature transfer, expressed as:

[0136]

[0137] in, is the output value of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the weight parameter of the l+1th layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the output value of the jth neuron in the lth layer. The residual connection adds the output of the lth layer directly to the input of the l+1th layer.

[0138] S225, output layer design: The output layer is the predicted value of soil conductivity, expressed as:

[0139]

[0140] in, is the final output of the model, i.e. the predicted soil conductivity value, W out is the weight matrix of the output layer, h (L) is the output of the last hidden layer, b out is the bias of the output layer;

[0141] S226, loss function and optimization: The mean square error (MSE) is used as the loss function, and the Adam optimizer is used for parameter update, which is expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] in, is the predicted value of the i-th sample, y i is the actual value of the i-th sample, and n is the total number of samples;

[0144] Adam optimizer specifically includes:

[0145] First-order momentum estimate of the gradient (before bias correction): m t =β1m t-1 +(1-β1)g t ;

[0146] Among them, m t is the first-order momentum estimate at step t, g t is the current gradient, β1 is the decay rate of the first-order momentum, which is 0.9;

[0147] Second-order momentum estimate of the gradient (before bias correction):

[0148] Among them, v t is the second-order momentum estimate at step t, β2 is the decay rate of the second-order momentum, which is taken as 0.999;

[0149] Bias correction for first-order momentum:

[0150] Bias correction for second-order momentum:

[0151] Parameter update:

[0152] Among them, θ t is the model parameter of the tth step, α is the learning rate, and ∈ is a small constant (such as 10 -8 ), used to prevent division by zero;

[0153] Through the above content, the needs of accurate prediction and intelligent regulation of soil conductivity in the present invention can be better served, thereby optimizing water and fertilizer management strategies and improving the growth effect of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0154] The implementation of the control strategy in S23 includes:

[0155] S231, real-time adjustment of irrigation frequency: Based on the identified trend of soil conductivity changes, the rate of water loss in the soil and the probability of salt accumulation are dynamically calculated, and the irrigation frequency is adjusted in real time to ensure that the moisture in the soil remains at the optimal level for crop growth and to avoid abnormal fluctuations in soil conductivity due to excessive or insufficient irrigation, expressed as:

[0156] R w =α1·(T s -T opt )+α2·(H s -H opt );

[0157] F i =F base +β1·R w ;

[0158] Among them, R w is the water loss rate, indicating the rate of decrease of soil moisture, T s is the current soil temperature, T opt is the optimal soil temperature for crop growth, H s is the current soil moisture, H opt is the optimal soil moisture for crop growth, α1, α2 are weight parameters, indicating the influence of temperature and humidity on the rate of water loss, F i is the adjusted irrigation frequency, F base is the basic irrigation frequency, β1 is the adjustment factor used to control the sensitivity of irrigation frequency to changes in water loss rate;

[0159] S232, real-time optimization of fertilizer application: Combined with the predicted results of soil conductivity, the nutrient demand and salt concentration of the soil are evaluated, and the fertilizer application amount is adjusted in real time through the optimization algorithm to ensure the nutrient supply required by the crop, while avoiding the accumulation of soil salt caused by excessive fertilization and maintaining the soil conductivity within an appropriate range, expressed as:

[0160] S c =E c -E c，opt ;

[0161] F n =F n，base -β2·S c ;

[0162] Among them, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the target value of soil conductivity (the set optimal conductivity), F n is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n,baseis the basic fertilizer rate, and β2 is the adjustment factor used to control the sensitivity of fertilizer rate to changes in salt concentration;

[0163] Through the above, it is possible to respond quickly to environmental changes, prevent rapid water loss or excessive salt accumulation, avoid adverse effects on crop growth due to excessive irrigation or improper fertilization, improve the accuracy and efficiency of water and fertilizer management, and help maintain the long-term health of the soil and increase crop yields.

[0164] The water and fertilizer management strategy formulation in S3 includes:

[0165] S31, crop growth stage demand analysis: According to the crop growth cycle, it is divided into multiple growth stages, including germination, growth, flowering and maturity. The demand for water and nutrients in each growth stage is evaluated. Combined with the changing trend of soil conductivity, the optimal water and fertilizer supply in each stage is determined, expressed as:

[0166]

[0167] in, is the water requirement of the crop at the g-th growth stage, is the water demand coefficient for the g-th growth stage, is the target water supply for crops in the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α w is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to water demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the optimum soil conductivity;

[0168]

[0169] in, is the nutrient requirement of the crop at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement coefficient for the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α n is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to nutrient demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c，opt is the optimum soil conductivity;

[0170] S32, optimization of the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan: match the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan with the needs of the crop growth stage, analyze the impact of the current soil data on the growth needs of the crop, and optimize the water and fertilizer application plan to ensure that the crop can obtain the required water and nutrients at each growth stage, expressed as:

[0171]

[0172] in, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the water requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ w is the adjustment coefficient, which indicates the sensitivity of water supply adjustment to the current water demand, R w is the current water loss rate, R w,opt is the target water loss rate, β w It is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity on water supply, reflecting the impact of conductivity deviation on water supply;

[0173]

[0174] in, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ n is the adjustment coefficient, which indicates the sensitivity of nutrient supply adjustment to the deviation of current salt concentration, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, S c,opt is the target value of soil salinity concentration, β n It is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity on nutrient supply, reflecting the impact of conductivity deviation on nutrient supply;

[0175] S33, final water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: Based on the optimized water and fertilizer application plan, formulate a water and fertilizer management strategy, including the irrigation frequency, fertilization time and fertilization amount at each growth stage, to ensure that the water and fertilizer supply is closely matched with the growth needs of crops, thereby promoting the healthy growth of crops and maximizing yield and quality, expressed as:

[0176]

[0177] in, is the final water and fertilizer supply strategy for the g-th growth stage, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, are the weight parameters for water supply and nutrient supply, respectively;

[0178] Through the above content, it is ensured that the water and fertilizer management strategy can dynamically respond to changes in soil conductivity, optimize water and fertilizer supply, and thus improve crop growth effects and yields. Real-time monitoring and adjustment of soil conductivity make water and fertilizer management more precise and scientific, avoiding the adverse effects of conductivity fluctuations on crops.

[0179] Dynamic optimization of saline-alkali land evaporation in S4 includes:

[0180] S41, real-time collection of environmental data: Through the sensor network deployed in the saline-alkali land, real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature T a , air humidity H a and wind speed V w ;

[0181] S42, water evaporation rate calculation: Based on the collected environmental data, the water evaporation rate is calculated, expressed as:

[0182] E r =λ·(α1·(T a -T opt )+α2·(H opt -H a )+α3·V w );

[0183] Among them, E r is the current evaporation rate, λ is the adjustment factor used to calibrate the calculation of the evaporation rate, T a is the current air temperature, T opt is the target air temperature (the temperature that is most conducive to reducing evaporation), H a is the current air humidity, H opt is the target air humidity (the humidity that is most conducive to reducing evaporation), V w is the current wind speed, α1, α2, α3: weight coefficients, which respectively represent the influence of temperature, humidity and wind speed on the evaporation rate of water;

[0184] S43, Combination and dynamic optimization of water and fertilizer management strategies: Dynamically adjust the irrigation amount W based on the real-time collected environmental data and calculated water evaporation rate, combined with the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy i and fertilizer application rate F n , in order to reduce the impact of water evaporation and maintain the appropriate water and nutrient levels in the soil, expressed as:

[0185] W opt =W i -β w ·E r ;

[0186] F opt =F n -β f ·E r ;

[0187] Among them, W opt is the adjusted irrigation amount, W i is the initial set irrigation amount (based on water and fertilizer management strategy), β w is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the effect of water evaporation rate on irrigation adjustment. optis the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n is the initial set fertilizer amount (based on water and fertilizer management strategy), β f is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the effect of water evaporation rate on the adjustment of fertilizer application amount;

[0188] Through the above contents, it is ensured that the amount of irrigation and fertilization can respond to environmental changes in a timely manner, reduce the impact of excessive water evaporation, prevent salt accumulation in the soil surface, and maintain the health of the soil. It not only improves the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization, but also enhances the stress resistance of saline-alkali land crops, which helps to improve crop yield and quality.

[0189] Crop root health monitoring and feedback control in S5 include:

[0190] S51, real-time monitoring of root parameters: using underground sensor networks and root imaging technology to collect the distribution, density and growth rate of crop roots in real time;

[0191] S52, root health status assessment: By comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the root distribution range, density, growth rate and soil conductivity, the root health status index is calculated and expressed as:

[0192]

[0193] Among them, H r is the root health index, which is used to evaluate the current health of the root system. γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the influence weights of root distribution, density, and growth rate on the root health status, respectively. R d , R ρ , R v are the root distribution, density and growth rate currently monitored, R d,opt , R ρ，opt , R v，opt are the optimal values ​​of root distribution, density and growth rate, respectively, and δ is the soil conductivity E c The impact coefficient on root health reflects the degree of impact of salt damage on root health;

[0194] S53, identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorder: combined with the calculated root health index H r , identify salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers of the root system, expressed as:

[0195] If H r <H r，crit , then identify as salt stress or nutrient absorption disorder;

[0196] Among them, H r,crit is the critical value of root health status. If Hr If it is less than the critical value, it indicates that the root system may be affected by salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorder;

[0197] S54, real-time adjustment of feedback control strategy: according to the root health index H r The evaluation results and identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers can be used to dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer management strategy, which can be expressed as:

[0198] W adj =W opt +β r ·(H r，crit -H r );

[0199] F adj =F opt +β f ·(H r，crit -H r );

[0200] Among them, W adj is the adjusted irrigation amount, W opt is the initial irrigation amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β r is the adjustment factor used to control the effect of root health on irrigation amount, F adj is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F out is the initial fertilizer application amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β f is the adjustment factor used to control the effect of root health on fertilizer application rate;

[0201] Through the above content, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders can be identified in time, and water and fertilizer management strategies can be adjusted dynamically to help determine when to increase or decrease irrigation and fertilization amounts in response to the health of the root system. This can effectively prevent salt damage to the root system and optimize the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, thereby ensuring the healthy growth and high yield of crops in saline-alkali environments.

[0202] Post-management and soil ecological restoration in S6 include:

[0203] S61, soil conductivity and salinity change monitoring: After crops mature and are harvested, the soil conductivity and soil salt concentration of saline-alkali land are continuously monitored using a sensor network;

[0204] S62, Ecological Restoration Plan Formulation: Based on the monitoring results, formulate an ecological restoration plan, including:

[0205] Applying amendments: Based on the monitoring results of soil conductivity, apply chemical or organic amendments, including gypsum and humic acid, to neutralize the salt in the soil and reduce conductivity;

[0206] Deep plowing and salt removal: For areas with serious salt accumulation, deep plowing and salt removal technology is used to remove the salt accumulated in the soil through physical means or reduce the salt concentration in the soil;

[0207] Vegetation restoration: After completing soil improvement, plant salt-tolerant plants or green manure crops to restore and enhance the ecological function of the soil and promote further improvement of soil structure;

[0208] Through the above contents, the salt accumulation in the soil was effectively reduced and the healthy state of the soil was restored. Not only was the soil improved through chemical and physical means, but the ecological function of the soil was further enhanced through vegetation restoration, which improved the soil structure and ensured that the soil was restored to a suitable state before the next round of crop planting, thereby improving the long-term utilization efficiency and sustainable production capacity of saline-alkali land.

[0209] like Figure 2 As shown, a water and fertilizer control system for grain, cash crops and forage crops in saline-alkali land is used to implement the above-mentioned water and fertilizer control method for grain, cash crops and forage crops in saline-alkali land, and includes the following modules:

[0210] Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection module: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, combine biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep tillage and application of organic matter, select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions;

[0211] Dynamic prediction and control module of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of the changing trend of soil conductivity, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plan according to the prediction results;

[0212] Water and fertilizer management strategy formulation module: formulate water and fertilizer management strategies based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage;

[0213] Dynamic optimization module for saline-alkali land water evaporation: collects environmental data in real time, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamically optimizes the water evaporation process of saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy;

[0214] Crop root health monitoring and feedback control module: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, it monitors the health status of the crop root system in real time, identifies salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders, and adjusts the water and fertilizer management strategy in real time;

[0215] Post-management and soil ecological restoration module: After the crops mature and are harvested, the saline-alkali land is ecologically restored according to the changes in soil conductivity and salinity to restore the health of the soil.

[0216] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0217] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, use a combination of biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep tillage and application of organic matter, select grain, cash and fodder varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions; S2, dynamic prediction and regulation of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of soil conductivity change trends, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plans based on the prediction results, including: S21, data collection: real-time soil data collection through sensor networks, including soil conductivity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil salt concentration; S22, dynamic prediction: dynamically predict the collected soil data through the soil conductivity prediction model to identify the change trend of soil conductivity; S23, implementation of control strategy: based on the identified trend of soil conductivity, real-time adjustment of water and fertilizer application schemes, including adjustment of irrigation frequency and fertilizer application amount; S3, water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: formulate water and fertilizer management strategies based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage; S4, Dynamic optimization of water evaporation in saline-alkali land: Real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamic optimization management of water evaporation process in saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy; S5, crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, the health status of the crop root system is monitored in real time, salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption obstacles are identified, and water and fertilizer management strategies are adjusted immediately; S6, post-management and soil ecological restoration: After the crops mature and are harvested, ecological restoration of the saline-alkali land is carried out according to changes in soil conductivity and salinity.

2. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial soil improvement and crop selection in S1 include: S11, application of biological modifiers: applying beneficial microbial flora to saline-alkali land to reduce soil salinity through biological action; S12, application of physical amendments: physical amendments, including gypsum and calcium sulfate, are applied to the soil to neutralize the sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange; S13, deep tillage and application of organic matter: deep tillage is carried out on saline-alkali land, and at the same time, decomposed organic matter, including straw and animal manure, is applied to increase the organic matter content of the soil; S14, Crop selection and sowing time determination: Based on the initial soil improvement condition, select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt and alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time based on local climatic conditions.

3. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data collection in S21 includes: S211, sensor network deployment: deploy multiple sensors at different depths and areas of the saline-alkali land, including conductivity sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and salinity sensors; S212, real-time data collection: collect the conductivity, temperature, humidity and salt concentration data in the soil in real time through the sensor network, and store the collected real-time soil data.

4. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil conductivity prediction model in S22 adopts a neural network model, and the neural network model includes: S221, input layer: standardize the collected soil data and use the standardized soil data as input data; S222, temporal convolutional network layer: A temporal convolutional network layer is introduced to process time series data, which is expressed as: in, is the output of the jth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight of the convolution kernel, d j is the expansion factor, is the input of the l-1th layer, is the bias, f is the ReLU activation function; S223, Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network: Use a multilayer feedforward neural network to capture the global pattern of input variables, expressed as: in, is the output of the kth neuron in the lth layer, is the weight parameter of the lth layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the lth layer; S224, residual connection: Add residual connection so that the output of each layer depends not only on the current layer, but also on the input of the previous layer, strengthening feature transfer, expressed as: in, is the output value of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the weight parameter of the l+1th layer, is the bias of the kth neuron in the l+1th layer, is the output value of the jth neuron in the lth layer; S225, output layer design: The output layer is the predicted value of soil conductivity, expressed as: in, is the final output of the model, W out is the weight matrix of the output layer, h (L) is the output of the last hidden layer, b out is the bias of the output layer; S226, Loss function and optimization: The mean square error is used as the loss function, and the Adam optimizer is used for parameter update.

5. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: The implementation of the control strategy in S23 includes: S231, real-time adjustment of irrigation frequency: based on the identified trend of soil conductivity change, the rate of water loss and the probability of salt accumulation in the soil are dynamically calculated, and the irrigation frequency is adjusted in real time, which is expressed as: R w =α1·(T s -T opt )+α2·(H s -H opt ); F i =F base +β1·R w ; Among them, R w is the water loss rate, T s is the current soil temperature, T opt is the optimal soil temperature for crop growth, H s is the current soil moisture, H opt is the optimal soil moisture for crop growth, the weight parameters of α1, α2, and F i is the adjusted irrigation frequency, F base is the basic irrigation frequency, β1 is the adjustment factor; S232, real-time optimization of fertilizer application: Combined with the predicted results of soil conductivity, the nutrient demand and salt concentration of the soil are evaluated, and the fertilizer application amount is adjusted in real time through the optimization algorithm, which is expressed as: S c =E c -E c,opt ; F n =F n,base -β2·S c ; Among them, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c,opt is the target value of soil conductivity, F n is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n,base is the basic fertilizer amount, and β2 is the adjustment factor.

6. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management strategy formulation in S3 includes: S31, crop growth stage demand analysis: According to the crop growth cycle, it is divided into multiple growth stages, including germination, growth, flowering and maturity. The demand for water and nutrients in each growth stage is evaluated. Combined with the changing trend of soil conductivity, the optimal water and fertilizer supply in each stage is determined, expressed as: in, is the water requirement of the crop at the gth growth stage, is the water demand coefficient for the g-th growth stage, is the target water supply for crops in the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α w is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to water demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c,opt is the optimum soil conductivity; in, is the nutrient requirement of the crop at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement coefficient for the g-th growth stage, T g is the duration of the g-th growth phase, α n is the adjustment coefficient of soil conductivity to nutrient demand, E c is the current soil conductivity, E c,opt is the optimum soil conductivity; S32, optimization of the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan: matching the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan with the crop growth stage requirements, analyzing the impact of current soil data on crop growth requirements, and optimizing the water and fertilizer application plan, expressed as: in, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the water requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ w is the adjustment coefficient, R w is the current water loss rate, R w,opt is the target water loss rate, β w is the regulation coefficient of soil conductivity on water supply; in, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, is the nutrient requirement for the g-th growth stage, δ n is the adjustment coefficient, S c is the current soil salt concentration deviation, S c,opt is the target value of soil salinity concentration, β n is the regulation coefficient of soil conductivity on nutrient supply; S33, final water and fertilizer management strategy formulation: Based on the optimized water and fertilizer application plan, formulate a water and fertilizer management strategy, including the irrigation frequency, fertilization time and fertilization amount at each growth stage, expressed as: in, is the final water and fertilizer supply strategy for the g-th growth stage, is the optimized water supply at the g-th growth stage, is the optimized nutrient supply at the g-th growth stage, are the weight parameters for water supply and nutrient supply, respectively.

7. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic optimization of saline-alkali land water evaporation in S4 includes: S41, real-time collection of environmental data: Through the sensor network deployed in the saline-alkali land, real-time collection of environmental data, including air temperature T a , air humidity H a and wind speed V w ; S42, water evaporation rate calculation: Based on the collected environmental data, the water evaporation rate is calculated, expressed as: E r =λ·(α1·(T a -T opt )+α2·(H opt -H a )+α3·V w ); Among them, E r is the current evaporation rate, λ is the adjustment coefficient, T a is the current air temperature, T opt is the target air temperature, H a is the current air humidity, H opt is the target air humidity, V w is the current wind speed, α1, α2, α3: weight coefficients; S43, Combination and dynamic optimization of water and fertilizer management strategies: Dynamically adjust the irrigation amount W based on the real-time collected environmental data and calculated water evaporation rate, combined with the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy i and fertilizer application rate F n , expressed as: IN opt =In i -β w ·E r ; F opt =F n -b f ·E r ; Among them, W opt is the adjusted irrigation amount, W i is the initial irrigation amount, β w is the adjustment factor, F opt is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F n is the initial set fertilizer amount, β f is the adjustment coefficient.

8. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop root health monitoring and feedback regulation in S5 includes: S51, real-time monitoring of root parameters: using underground sensor networks and root imaging technology to collect the distribution, density and growth rate of crop roots in real time; S52, root health status assessment: By comprehensively analyzing the relationship between the root distribution range, density, growth rate and soil conductivity, the root health status index is calculated and expressed as: Among them, H r is the root health index, γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the influence weights of root distribution, density, and growth rate on root health, respectively, and R d ,R ρ ,R v are the root distribution, density and growth rate currently monitored, R d,opt ,R ρ,opt ,R v,opt are the optimal values ​​of root distribution, density and growth rate, respectively, and δ is the soil conductivity E c The coefficient of influence on root health; S53, identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorder: combined with the calculated root health index H r , identify salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers of the root system, expressed as: If H r <H r,crit , then identify as salt stress or nutrient absorption disorder; Among them, H r,crit is the critical value of root health status; S54, real-time adjustment of feedback control strategy: according to the root health index H r The evaluation results and identification of salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption barriers can be used to dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer management strategy, which can be expressed as: W adj =W opt +β r ·(H r,crit -H r ); F adj =F opt +β f ·(H r,crit -H r ); Among them, W adj is the adjusted irrigation amount, W opt is the initial irrigation amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β r is the adjustment factor, F adj is the adjusted fertilizer amount, F opt is the initial fertilizer application amount based on the water and fertilizer management strategy, β f is the adjustment factor.

9. The method for regulating water and fertilizer for food crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-management and soil ecological restoration in S6 include: S61, soil conductivity and salinity change monitoring: After crops mature and are harvested, the soil conductivity and soil salt concentration of saline-alkali land are continuously monitored using a sensor network; S62, Ecological Restoration Plan Formulation: Based on the monitoring results, formulate an ecological restoration plan, including: Apply amendments: Based on the results of soil conductivity monitoring, apply chemical or organic amendments, including gypsum and humic acid, to neutralize the salt in the soil; Deep plowing and salt removal: For areas with serious salt accumulation, deep plowing and salt removal technology is used to remove the salt accumulated in the soil through physical means or reduce the salt concentration in the soil; Vegetation restoration: After completing soil improvement, plant salt-tolerant plants or green manure crops to restore and enhance the ecological function of the soil.

10. A water and fertilizer control system for grain and forage crops in saline-alkali land, used to implement a water and fertilizer control method for grain and forage crops in saline-alkali land as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Preliminary soil improvement and crop selection module: Carry out preliminary improvement of saline-alkali land, combine biological and physical improvers to reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure through deep tillage and application of organic matter, select grain, cash and fodder crop varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, and determine the sowing time according to local climatic conditions; Dynamic prediction and control module of soil conductivity: real-time monitoring and dynamic prediction of the changing trend of soil conductivity, and adjustment of water and fertilizer application plan according to the prediction results; Water and fertilizer management strategy formulation module: formulate water and fertilizer management strategies based on the adjusted water and fertilizer application plan and the needs of the crop growth stage; Dynamic optimization module for saline-alkali land water evaporation: collects environmental data in real time, including air temperature, air humidity and wind speed, and dynamically optimizes the water evaporation process of saline-alkali land according to the formulated water and fertilizer management strategy; Crop root health monitoring and feedback control module: Based on the distribution, density and growth rate of the root system, it monitors the health status of the crop root system in real time, identifies salt damage or water and fertilizer absorption disorders, and adjusts the water and fertilizer management strategy in real time; Post-management and soil ecological restoration module: After the crops mature and are harvested, the saline-alkali land is ecologically restored according to the changes in soil conductivity and salinity to restore the health of the soil.

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