Solar cell module, preparation method thereof and solar cell
By setting up a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone of the solar cell module, using graphene, aluminum trioxide and metal materials to adjust heat, the temperature increase caused by film defects is solved, delaying the component life attenuation and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411336723.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-24
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The film defects of existing perovskite solar cell modules at dead zones cause charge accumulation to generate heat, resulting in an increase in temperature, which in turn shortens the lifetime of the module and reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Set up a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone of solar cell modules, use materials such as graphene, aluminum trioxide and metal for heat regulation to ensure that the temperature is not too high, delay the attenuation of the component life, and increase light through scattered particles and interval settings. Utilization.
It effectively reduces the dead zone temperature, extends the service life of solar cell modules, improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and maintains high photovoltaic performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN119230638A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell. Background Art
[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential. Perovskite solar cells are an emerging solar cell technology that has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and easy manufacturing. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. However, due to the limitations of related technologies, the effect of current perovskite solar cells is still not ideal. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly, a method for preparing the same, and a solar cell.
[0004] The first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising:
[0005] substrate;
[0006] At least two battery cells are located on one side of the substrate; the battery cells have an active area and a dead area;
[0007] The temperature regulating structure is located in the dead zone.
[0008] In one embodiment, the battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate;
[0009] The temperature regulating structure is located on a side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate;
[0010] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the temperature regulating structure on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the dead zone on the substrate.
[0011] In one embodiment, the battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate;
[0012] A first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a fourth groove penetrating the functional layer, and a second groove penetrating the second electrode layer are provided at the dead zone; the second electrode layer extends toward the first electrode layer along the fourth groove until it contacts the first electrode layer;
[0013] At least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the first groove, and / or, at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the functional layer, and / or, at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the second groove, and / or, at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located between the first electrode layer and the substrate;
[0014] Alternatively, a third groove penetrating the first electrode layer, the functional layer and the second electrode layer is provided at the dead zone, and at least part of the temperature adjustment structure is located in the third groove;
[0015] Preferably, the second trench penetrates the second electrode layer and the functional layer.
[0016] In one embodiment, the material of the temperature regulating structure includes at least one of graphene, aluminum oxide and metal;
[0017] Preferably, the material of the temperature regulating structure includes metal and / or graphene, and the temperature regulating structure is insulated from at least one of two adjacent battery cells.
[0018] In one embodiment, the surface of the temperature regulating structure facing the substrate comprises a plurality of protrusions; and / or,
[0019] The temperature regulating structure comprises scattering particles; and / or,
[0020] Along a direction parallel to the substrate, the temperature regulating structure includes a plurality of temperature regulating sub-sections arranged at intervals. In the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections, the temperature regulating sub-sections include a first surface and a second surface relative to each other. The angle between the first surface of at least one temperature regulating sub-section and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°, and / or the angle between the second surface of at least one temperature regulating sub-section and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.
[0021] In one embodiment, the surface of the temperature regulating structure facing away from the substrate comprises a plurality of protrusions; and / or,
[0022] The temperature regulating structure comprises scattering particles; and / or,
[0023] Along a direction parallel to the substrate, the temperature regulating structure includes a plurality of temperature regulating sub-sections arranged at intervals. In the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections, the temperature regulating sub-sections include a first surface and a second surface relative to each other. The angle between the first surface of at least one temperature regulating sub-section and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°, and / or the angle between the second surface of at least one temperature regulating sub-section and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.
[0024] In one embodiment, the substrate and the first electrode layer are transparent;
[0025] Preferably, it further comprises: an encapsulation layer, located on a side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate;
[0026] Preferably, the method further comprises: a cover plate, located on a side of the packaging layer facing away from the substrate.
[0027] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising:
[0028] A first conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate, and the first conductive layer is etched to form a first groove penetrating the first conductive layer to obtain first electrode layers independent of each other;
[0029] A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate, and the functional material layer is etched to form a fourth groove penetrating the functional material layer to obtain mutually separated functional material intermediate layers;
[0030] A second conductive layer is prepared on a side of the functional material intermediate layer facing away from the substrate, wherein the second conductive layer fills the fourth groove and contacts the first electrode layer;
[0031] Etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer to form a first groove penetrating the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, obtaining a mutually independent second electrode layer and a mutually independent functional layer, and obtaining at least two battery cells, wherein the battery cells have a dead zone;
[0032] Wherein, before preparing the first conductive layer on one side of the substrate, a temperature adjustment structure is prepared at the dead zone and on one side of the substrate;
[0033] and / or, before preparing the functional material layer on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate, preparing a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone and on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate and / or in the first groove;
[0034] and / or, after preparing the second conductive layer on the side of the functional material intermediate layer facing away from the substrate, before etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, preparing a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone and on the side of the second conductive layer facing away from the substrate;
[0035] And / or, after etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, a temperature regulating structure is prepared in the dead zone and on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate, and / or, a temperature regulating structure is prepared in the second groove, and / or, an insulating structure is filled in the second groove, and a temperature regulating structure is prepared in the dead zone and on the side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
[0036] A third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell assembly, comprising:
[0037] Sequentially preparing a first conductive layer, a functional material layer, and a second conductive layer on one side of the substrate;
[0038] The second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer are etched to form a third groove penetrating the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer, to obtain a mutually independent first electrode layer, a mutually independent second electrode layer and a mutually independent functional layer, and to obtain at least two battery cells, wherein the battery cells have a dead zone;
[0039] A temperature regulating structure is prepared in the third trench; or, an insulating structure is filled in the third trench, and a temperature regulating structure is prepared at the dead zone and on a side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
[0040] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, including the above-mentioned solar cell assembly, or including the solar cell assembly prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.
[0041] According to the solar cell module provided in the embodiment of the present application, a temperature regulating structure is provided at the dead zone, and the heat generated by the charge accumulation due to the film defects in the dead zone is regulated by the temperature regulating structure, so that the temperature in the dead zone will not be too high; in addition, the heat generated in the dead zone of the solar cell module under the action of ambient light and the heat transferred from the effective zone to the dead zone will also be regulated by the temperature regulating structure, so that the temperature in the dead zone will not be too high, and even the temperature of the entire solar cell module will not be too high, thereby delaying the life attenuation of the solar cell module and allowing the solar cell module to maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) for a longer period of time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly in one embodiment of the present application.
[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0050] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0051] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0052] Fig.11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment of the present application.
[0053] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a solar cell module in one embodiment of the present application.
[0054] Fig.13 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module in another embodiment of the present application.
[0055] Fig.14 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0057] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present application, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, methods and means well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present application.
[0058] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.
[0059] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0060] In the prior art, a solar cell module is provided with grooves at the dead zone. In the process of preparing the grooves, a laser is used to scribe the corresponding film layer, which results in an increase in defects at the edge of the scribed film layer, which in turn causes charge accumulation and generates heat. Under the influence of ambient light, the temperature of the solar cell module also rises. When the solar cell module is operated for a long time under high temperature conditions, its lifespan decays rapidly. Therefore, the current solar cell modules have the problems of low lifespan and low photovoltaic performance.
[0061] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The schematic structural diagram of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure comprises: a substrate 100; at least two battery cells 200, located on one side of the substrate 100; the battery cell 200 has an active area 210 and a dead area 220; and a temperature regulating structure 300, located in the dead area 220.
[0062] According to the solar cell module provided in the embodiment of the present application, a temperature regulating structure 300 is provided at the dead zone 220. The heat generated by the charge accumulation due to the film defects in the dead zone 220 is regulated by the temperature regulating structure 300, so as to reduce the failure caused by the charge enrichment near the film defects, so that the temperature in the dead zone 220 will not be too high. In addition, the heat generated in the dead zone 220 of the solar cell module under the action of ambient light and the heat transferred from the effective area 210 to the dead zone 220 will also be regulated by the temperature regulating structure 300, so that the temperature in the dead zone 220 will not be too high, and even the temperature of the entire solar cell module will not be too high, thereby delaying the life attenuation of the solar cell module and allowing the solar cell module to maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) for a longer period of time.
[0063] It can be understood that when the temperature of the solar cell module is too high, the temperature regulating structure 300 can play a role in heat dissipation, delaying the temperature increase of the solar cell module caused by long-term operation and long-term exposure; when the temperature of the solar cell module is too low, the temperature regulating structure 300 can transfer the heat absorbed from the ambient light to the dead zone 220, and then the heat is transferred from the dead zone 220 to the effective zone 210, so that the temperature of the solar cell module is appropriate.
[0064] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2The battery unit 200 includes a first electrode layer 201, a functional layer 202, and a second electrode layer 203 stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer 201 is located on the side of the functional layer 202 close to the substrate 100; and the temperature adjustment structure 300 is located on the side of the second electrode layer 203 away from the substrate 100. Thus, the heat generated at the dead zone 220 is transferred to the temperature adjustment structure 300 through the second electrode layer 203, and then the heat is transferred outward through the temperature adjustment structure 300, so that the temperature of the solar cell module is maintained at a suitable temperature.
[0065] In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the temperature adjustment structure 300 on the substrate 100 covers the orthographic projection of the dead zone 220 on the substrate 100. Therefore, the temperature adjustment structure 300 has a better effect of adjusting the temperature at the dead zone 220. Figure 2 , after the insulating material 20 is filled in the third trench 207 , the temperature adjustment structure 300 may be prepared on the opening side of the third trench 207 .
[0066] Exemplarily, the temperature regulating structure 300 is located on the side of the second electrode layer 203 facing away from the substrate 100, which means that the temperature regulating structure 300 may be in contact with the second electrode layer 203 or not; when the temperature regulating structure 300 is in contact with the second electrode layer 201, when the temperature regulating structure 300 is made of metal material, the temperature regulating structure 300 can not only regulate the temperature in the dead zone 220, but also act as an auxiliary electrode, thereby better improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module; when the temperature regulating structure 300 is not in contact with the second electrode layer 203, the heat generated in the dead zone 220 is transferred to the temperature regulating structure 300 through the second electrode layer 203, and then transferred outward by the temperature regulating structure 300, thereby reducing the temperature in the dead zone 220.
[0067] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 The surface of the temperature regulating structure 300 facing the substrate 100 includes a plurality of protrusions 310, and at this time, the convex surface of the protrusion 310 faces the substrate 100. It can be seen from the optical path diagram S1 that after the ambient light is incident from the substrate 100 to the battery unit 200, when it reaches the protrusion 310, the protrusion 310 can reflect and / or scatter the light, and the reflected and / or scattered light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery unit 200, increase the light incident on the effective area 210, improve the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, and thus improve the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0068] For example, the cross-sectional shape of the convex surface of the protrusion 310 may be a broken line, a curve, a wavy line, or the like.
[0069] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3The temperature regulating structure 300 includes scattering particles 330, and the scattering particles 330 are granular. It can be seen from the light path diagram S2 that after the ambient light is incident on the battery unit 200 from the substrate 100, when it reaches the surface of the scattering particles 330, the scattering particles 330 can reflect and / or scatter the light, and the reflected and / or scattered light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery unit 200, thereby improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, thereby improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0070] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , along the direction parallel to the substrate 100, the temperature regulating structure 300 includes a plurality of temperature regulating sub-sections 320 arranged at intervals, in the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections 320, the temperature regulating sub-sections 320 include opposite first surfaces 321 and second surfaces 322, the angle between the first surface 321 of at least one temperature regulating sub-section 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90° (for example, it may be 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° or 90°, etc.), and / or the angle between the second surface 322 of at least one temperature regulating sub-section 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90° (for example, it may be 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° or 90°, etc.). . The arrangement of multiple spaced-apart temperature regulating subsections 320 is conducive to increasing the heat conduction area, reducing thermal resistance, and achieving rapid heat dissipation, which can further improve the heat dissipation effect of the temperature regulating structure 300; the temperature regulating structure 300 of this embodiment can quickly dissipate heat, reduce temperature concentration, and improve the stability of batteries or components; and when the angle between the first surface 321 and / or the second surface 322 of the temperature regulating subsection 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is between 0° and 90° (not equal to 90°), it can be seen from the optical path diagram S3 that after the ambient light is incident from the substrate 100 to the battery cell 200, when it reaches the surface of the temperature regulating subsection 320, the temperature regulating subsection 320 can reflect the light, and the reflected light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery cell 200, thereby improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, and thereby improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0071] Exemplarily, the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 may be a regular shape (for example, a sphere, a cylinder, a cuboid, a cube, etc.), or an irregular shape. When the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 is an irregular shape or the surface of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 is an arc surface, the first surface 321 may be a section of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 at any point on the side where the first surface 321 is located; the second surface 322 may be a section of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 at any point on the side where the second surface 322 is located. Exemplarily, the cross-sectional shape of the temperature regulating sub-unit is a parallelogram, the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 extends in a direction away from the second electrode layer 203, and the angle between the first surface 321 and the second surface 322 of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is between 0° and 90°.
[0072] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 5 to 9 The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure shows that a first groove 204 penetrating the first electrode layer 201, a fourth groove 205 penetrating the functional layer 202 and a second groove 206 penetrating the second electrode layer 203 are provided at the dead zone 220; the second electrode layer 203 extends along the fourth groove 205 toward the first electrode layer 201 until it contacts the first electrode layer 201; the battery cells 200 are connected in series with each other; at least part of the temperature adjustment structure 300 is located in the first groove 204 (see Figure 5 ), and / or, at least part of the temperature regulating structure 300 is located in the functional layer 202 (see Figure 6 ), and / or, at least part of the temperature regulating structure 300 is located in the second groove 206 (see Figure 7 and Fig. 9 ), and / or, at least part of the temperature adjustment structure 300 is located between the first electrode layer 201 and the substrate 100 (see Figure 8 ).
[0073] For example, refer to Figure 8 When the temperature adjustment structure 300 is located between the first electrode layer 201 and the substrate 100 , the optical adhesive 10 may be used to fill the space between the temperature adjustment structures 300 .
[0074] For example, refer to Figure 7 , the second groove 206 penetrates the second electrode layer 203 and the functional layer 202; illustratively, referring to Fig. 9 , the second trench 206 only penetrates the second electrode layer 203 .
[0075] It should be noted that, refer to Figure 5When the battery cells 200 are connected in series, the dead zone 220 refers to: in the same battery cell 200, the area between the side of the first groove 204 away from the second groove 206 and the side of the second groove 206 away from the first groove 204; the effective area 210 refers to other areas except the dead zone.
[0076] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 8 , the surface of the temperature regulating structure 300 facing away from the substrate 100 includes a plurality of protrusions 310, and at this time, the convex surface of the protrusion 310 faces away from the substrate 100. It can be seen from the optical path diagram S4 that after the ambient light is incident on the battery unit 200 from the substrate 100, when it reaches the protrusion 310, the protrusion 310 can reflect and / or scatter the light, and the reflected and / or scattered light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery unit 200, increase the light incident on the effective area 210, improve the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, and thus improve the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0077] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 The temperature regulating structure 300 includes scattering particles 330. The scattering particles 330 are granular. It can be seen from the optical path diagram S5 that after the ambient light is incident on the battery unit 200 from the substrate 100, when it reaches the surface of the scattering particles 330, the scattering particles 330 can reflect and / or scatter the light, and the reflected and / or scattered light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery unit 200, thereby improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, and thus improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0078] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 6, along a direction parallel to the substrate 100, the temperature regulating structure 300 includes a plurality of spaced-apart temperature regulating sub-sections 320, in the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections 320, the temperature regulating sub-sections 320 include opposite first surfaces 321 and second surfaces 322, the angle between the first surface 321 of at least one temperature regulating sub-section 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90° (for example, it may be 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° or 90°, etc.), and / or the angle between the second surface 322 of at least one temperature regulating sub-section 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90° (for example, it may be 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° or 90°, etc.). The arrangement of multiple spaced-apart temperature regulating subsections 320 is conducive to increasing the heat conduction area, reducing thermal resistance, and achieving rapid heat dissipation, which can further improve the heat dissipation effect of the temperature regulating structure 300; the temperature regulating structure 300 of this embodiment can quickly dissipate heat, reduce temperature concentration, and improve the stability of batteries or components; and when the angle between the first surface 321 and / or the second surface 322 of the temperature regulating subsection 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is between 0° and 90° (not equal to 90°), it can be seen from the optical path diagram S6 that after the ambient light is incident from the substrate 100 to the battery cell 200, when it reaches the surface of the temperature regulating subsection 320, the temperature regulating subsection 320 can reflect the light, and the reflected light can enter the effective area 210 of the battery cell 200, thereby improving the light utilization rate of the solar cell module, and thereby improving the PCE efficiency of the solar cell module.
[0079] Exemplarily, the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 may be a regular shape (for example, a sphere, a cylinder, a cuboid, a cube, etc.), or an irregular shape. When the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 is an irregular shape or the surface of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 is an arc surface, the first surface 321 may be a section of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 at any point on the side where the first surface 321 is located; the second surface 322 may be a section of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 at any point on the side where the second surface 322 is located. Exemplarily, the cross-sectional shape of the temperature regulating sub-unit is a parallelogram, the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 extends in a direction away from the second electrode layer 203, and the angle between the first surface 321 and the second surface 322 of the temperature regulating sub-unit 320 and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate 100 is located is between 0° and 90°.
[0080] For example, refer to Figures 5 to 8The functional layer 202 includes a first carrier transport layer 2021, a photoactive layer 2022 and a second carrier transport layer 2023 which are stacked, and the first carrier transport layer 2021 is located on the side of the photoactive layer 2022 close to the substrate 100; one of the first carrier transport layer 2021 and the second carrier transport layer 2023 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.
[0081] Exemplarily, the temperature regulating structure 300 being located in the functional layer 202 means that the temperature regulating structure 300 may be located in at least one of the first carrier transport layer 2021, the photoactive layer 2022 and the second carrier transport layer 2023 at the dead zone 202; or, at the dead zone 202, the temperature regulating structure 300 replaces at least one of the first carrier transport layer 2021, the photoactive layer 2022 and the second carrier transport layer 2023 in the functional layer 202.
[0082] In another embodiment, referring to Fig.10 A third groove 207 penetrating the first electrode layer 201 , the functional layer 202 and the second electrode layer 203 is provided at the dead zone 220 , and the battery cells 200 are connected in parallel with each other; at least part of the temperature adjustment structure 300 is located in the third groove 207 .
[0083] It should be noted that, refer to Fig.10 The dead area 220 refers to the area where the third groove 207 is located in the same battery cell 200 , and the effective area 210 refers to other areas except the dead area 220 .
[0084] For example, refer to Fig.10 The functional layer 202 includes a first carrier transport layer 2021, a photoactive layer 2022 and a second carrier transport layer 2023 which are stacked, and the first carrier transport layer 2021 is located on the side of the photoactive layer 2022 close to the substrate 100; one of the first carrier transport layer 2021 and the second carrier transport layer 2023 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.
[0085] In one embodiment, the material of the temperature adjustment structure 300 includes at least one of graphene, aluminum oxide and metal. Therefore, the above materials have excellent heat dissipation effect.
[0086] In one embodiment, the material of the temperature regulating structure 300 includes metal and / or graphene, and the temperature regulating structure 300 is insulated from at least one of the two adjacent battery cells 200. Exemplarily, when the temperature regulating structure 300 is located in the first groove 204, the temperature regulating structure 300 is not in contact with the two adjacent first electrode layers 201, or the temperature regulating structure 300 is in contact with one of the two adjacent first electrode layers 201, but not in contact with the other first electrode layer 201. Exemplarily, when the temperature regulating structure 300 is located in the second groove 206, the temperature regulating structure 300 is not in contact with the second electrode layer 203 of the two adjacent battery cells 200 and is not in contact with the functional layer 202 of the two adjacent battery cells 200, or the temperature regulating structure 300 is in contact with the second electrode layer 203 and the functional layer 202 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 200, but not in contact with the second electrode layer 203 and the functional layer 202 of the other battery cell 200. Exemplarily, when the temperature regulating structure 300 is located in the third groove 207, the temperature regulating structure 300 is not in contact with the second electrode layer 203, the functional layer 202 and the first electrode layer 201 of two adjacent battery cells 200, or the temperature regulating structure 300 is in contact with the second electrode layer 203, the functional layer 202 and / or the first electrode layer 201 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 200, but is not in contact with the second electrode layer 203, the functional layer 202 and the first electrode layer 201 of the other battery cell 200.
[0087] In one embodiment, the substrate 100 and the first electrode layer 201 are both transparent, so that light incident from the side of the substrate 100 away from the first electrode layer 201 can smoothly enter the battery cell 200 .
[0088] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.11 The schematic diagram of the structure of the solar cell assembly shown in the figure, the solar cell assembly also includes: an encapsulation layer 400, which is located on the side of the second electrode layer 203 away from the substrate 100; the encapsulation layer 400 covers the temperature adjustment structure 300. Thus, the encapsulation layer 400 can isolate water vapor, which is conducive to extending the life of the solar cell assembly. Exemplarily, the material of the encapsulation layer 400 includes but is not limited to POE (a thermoplastic elastomer that uses metallocene catalysts to achieve in-situ polymerization of ethylene and octene).
[0089] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.11 The solar cell assembly further includes: a cover plate 500, which is located on the side of the encapsulation layer 400 away from the substrate 100. Exemplarily, the solar cell assembly further includes a sealing member 600, which is in close contact with the cover plate 500 and the substrate 100.
[0090] Exemplarily, the number of battery cells 200 may be 2, 3, 4 or more, which may be flexibly selected according to actual conditions.
[0091] Exemplarily, the material of the substrate may be glass, the material of the first electrode layer may be indium tin oxide (ITO), and the material of the second electrode layer may be silver.
[0092] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, referring to Fig.12 The schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the solar cell module is shown, and the preparation method of the solar cell module includes the following steps.
[0093] S100: preparing a first conductive layer on one side of the substrate, etching the first conductive layer to form a first groove penetrating the first conductive layer, and obtaining mutually independent first electrode layers.
[0094] It should be noted that the first electrode layer and the substrate are consistent with the above description and will not be described in detail here.
[0095] In one embodiment, before forming the first conductive layer on one side of the substrate, a temperature regulating structure is formed at the dead area and on one side of the substrate.
[0096] It should be noted that the temperature adjustment structure is consistent with the above description and will not be elaborated here.
[0097] It should be noted that the dead zone is consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated here.
[0098] In one embodiment, before forming the functional material layer on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate, a temperature regulating structure is formed at the dead zone and on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate and / or in the first trench.
[0099] Exemplarily, the functional layer material layer includes a first carrier transport material layer, a photoactive material layer, and a second carrier transport material layer which are stacked. Before preparing at least one side of the first carrier transport material layer, the photoactive material layer, and the second carrier transport material layer, a temperature adjustment structure may be prepared on the side of the corresponding film layer facing away from the substrate at the dead zone. For example, before preparing the photoactive material layer, a temperature adjustment structure is prepared on the side of the first carrier transport material layer facing away from the substrate at the dead zone.
[0100] S200: preparing a functional material layer on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate, etching the functional material layer to form a fourth groove penetrating the functional material layer, and obtaining mutually separated functional material intermediate layers.
[0101] It should be noted that the fourth groove is consistent with the previous description and will not be described in detail here.
[0102] S300: preparing a second conductive layer on a side of the functional material intermediate layer facing away from the substrate, wherein the second conductive layer fills the fourth groove and contacts the first electrode layer.
[0103] It should be noted that the second conductive layer is consistent with the above description and will not be described in detail here.
[0104] S400: preparing a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone and on a side of the second conductive layer facing away from the substrate.
[0105] S500: etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer to form a first groove penetrating the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, obtaining a mutually independent second electrode layer and a mutually independent functional layer, and obtaining at least two battery cells.
[0106] Exemplarily, the battery cell has a dead zone. It should be noted that the dead zone is consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated herein.
[0107] Exemplarily, when the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer are etched, since the temperature regulating structure is first prepared at the dead zone and on the side of the second conductive layer facing away from the substrate, when the orthographic projection of the temperature regulating structure on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the dead zone on the substrate, the first groove formed through the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer will penetrate the temperature regulating structure.
[0108] In one embodiment, the second groove can be prepared first, and then the temperature regulating structure is prepared. Specifically, after the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer located in the dead zone are etched, the temperature regulating structure is prepared in the dead zone and on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate, and / or, the temperature regulating structure is prepared in the second groove, and / or, the insulating structure is filled in the second groove, and the temperature regulating structure is prepared in the dead zone and on the side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
[0109] The third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, referring to Fig.13 The schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the solar cell module is shown, and the preparation method of the solar cell module includes the following steps.
[0110] S600: sequentially preparing a first conductive layer, a functional material layer and a second conductive layer on one side of the substrate.
[0111] S700: Etching the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer to form a third groove penetrating the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer, obtaining mutually independent first electrode layers, mutually independent second electrode layers and mutually independent functional layers, and obtaining at least two battery cells.
[0112] S810: preparing a temperature regulating structure in the third trench.
[0113] It should be noted that the battery cells obtained in this embodiment are connected in series, and the battery cells and the temperature adjustment structure are consistent with the previous description, which will not be described in detail here.
[0114] The solar cell assembly prepared by the preparation method of this embodiment can be combined with the solar cell assembly described above in whole or in part, and will not be described in detail here.
[0115] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.14 The schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the solar cell module is shown, and the preparation method of the solar cell module includes the following steps.
[0116] S600: sequentially preparing a first conductive layer, a functional material layer and a second conductive layer on one side of the substrate.
[0117] S700: Etching the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer to form a third groove penetrating the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer, obtaining mutually independent first electrode layers, mutually independent second electrode layers and mutually independent functional layers, and obtaining at least two battery cells, each of which has a dead zone.
[0118] S820: Filling an insulating structure in the third trench, and preparing a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone and on a side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
[0119] It should be noted that the battery cells obtained in this embodiment are connected in parallel, and the battery cells and the temperature adjustment structure are consistent with the previous description, which will not be described in detail here.
[0120] The solar cell assembly prepared by the preparation method of this embodiment can be combined with the solar cell assembly described above in whole or in part, and will not be described in detail here.
[0121] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, including the above-mentioned solar cell assembly, or including the solar cell assembly prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.
[0122] It is understandable that the solar cell mentioned above, in addition to the solar cell assembly mentioned above, may also include structures that a conventional solar cell should have, such as a packaging structure, a housing, etc., which will not be elaborated herein.
[0123] The basic principles of the present application are described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. are required by each embodiment of the present application. In addition, the specific details disclosed above are only for the purpose of illustration and ease of understanding, not for limitation, and the above details do not limit the present application to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.
[0124] The above description has been given for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the forms disclosed herein. Although multiple example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, changes, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims
1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: substrate; At least two battery cells are located on one side of the substrate; the battery cells have an active area and a dead area; The temperature regulating structure is located in the dead zone.
2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell comprises a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate; The temperature adjustment structure is located on a side of the second electrode layer away from the substrate; Preferably, the orthographic projection of the temperature regulating structure on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the dead zone on the substrate.
3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell comprises a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the substrate; A first groove penetrating the first electrode layer, a fourth groove penetrating the functional layer, and a second groove penetrating the second electrode layer are provided at the dead zone; The second electrode layer extends along the fourth groove toward the first electrode layer until it contacts the first electrode layer; At least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the first groove, and / or at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the functional layer, and / or at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located in the second groove, and / or at least part of the temperature regulating structure is located between the first electrode layer and the substrate; Alternatively, a third groove penetrating the first electrode layer, the functional layer and the second electrode layer is provided at the dead zone, and at least part of the temperature adjustment structure is located in the third groove; Preferably, the second groove runs through the second electrode layer and the functional layer.
4. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The material of the temperature regulating structure includes at least one of graphene, aluminum oxide and metal; Preferably, the material of the temperature regulating structure includes metal and / or graphene, and the temperature regulating structure is insulated from at least one of two adjacent battery cells.
5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the temperature regulating structure facing the substrate includes a plurality of protrusions; and / or, The temperature regulating structure comprises scattering particles; and / or, Along a direction parallel to the substrate, the temperature regulating structure includes a plurality of temperature regulating sub-sections arranged at intervals. In the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections, the temperature regulating sub-sections include a first surface and a second surface relative to each other. The angle between the first surface of at least one of the temperature regulating sub-sections and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°, and / or the angle between the second surface of at least one of the temperature regulating sub-sections and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.
6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the temperature regulating structure facing away from the substrate includes a plurality of protrusions; and / or, The temperature regulating structure comprises scattering particles; and / or, Along a direction parallel to the substrate, the temperature regulating structure includes a plurality of temperature regulating sub-sections arranged at intervals. In the arrangement direction of the temperature regulating sub-sections, the temperature regulating sub-sections include a first surface and a second surface relative to each other. The angle between the first surface of at least one of the temperature regulating sub-sections and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°, and / or the angle between the second surface of at least one of the temperature regulating sub-sections and the direction parallel to the plane where the substrate is located is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.
7. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The substrate and the first electrode layer are both transparent; Preferably, it further comprises: an encapsulation layer, located on a side of the second electrode layer away from the substrate; Preferably, the method further comprises: a cover plate, located on a side of the packaging layer facing away from the substrate.
8. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that: include: A first conductive layer is prepared on one side of the substrate, and the first conductive layer is etched to form a first groove penetrating the first conductive layer to obtain first electrode layers independent of each other; preparing a functional material layer on a side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate, etching the functional material layer to form a fourth groove penetrating the functional material layer, and obtaining mutually separated functional material intermediate layers; A second conductive layer is prepared on a side of the functional material intermediate layer away from the substrate, wherein the second conductive layer fills the fourth groove and contacts the first electrode layer; Etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer to form a second groove penetrating the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, obtaining a mutually independent second electrode layer and a mutually independent functional layer, and obtaining at least two battery cells, wherein the battery cells have a dead zone; Wherein, before preparing the first conductive layer on one side of the substrate, a temperature adjustment structure is prepared at the dead zone and on one side of the substrate; and / or, before preparing the functional material layer on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate, preparing a temperature adjustment structure at the dead zone and on the side of the first electrode layer facing away from the substrate and / or in the first groove; and / or, after preparing a second conductive layer on a side of the functional material intermediate layer facing away from the substrate, and before etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, preparing a temperature regulating structure at the dead zone and on a side of the second conductive layer facing away from the substrate; And / or, after etching the second conductive layer and the functional material intermediate layer, a temperature regulating structure is prepared at the dead zone and on the side of the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate, and / or, a temperature regulating structure is prepared in the second groove, and / or, an insulating structure is filled in the second groove, and a temperature regulating structure is prepared at the dead zone and on the side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
9. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that: include: Sequentially preparing a first conductive layer, a functional material layer, and a second conductive layer on one side of the substrate; The second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer are etched to form a third groove penetrating the second conductive layer, the functional material layer and the first conductive layer, to obtain a mutually independent first electrode layer, a mutually independent second electrode layer and a mutually independent functional layer, to obtain at least two battery cells, wherein the battery cells have a dead zone; A temperature regulating structure is prepared in the third trench; or an insulating structure is filled in the third trench, and a temperature regulating structure is prepared at the dead zone and on a side of the insulating structure facing away from the substrate.
10. A solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or comprises the solar cell module prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 or 9.