Friction high pressure driven neck electrostatic protection device

Abstract

The neck electrostatic protection device driven by friction high voltage includes a power source, a friction power supply unit, a neck collar body, a circuit management unit and a control unit; the friction power supply unit outputs high voltage alternating current under the drive of the power source; the circuit management unit is connected between the friction power supply unit and the neck collar body, and outputs direct current required for generating electrostatic adsorption; the neck collar body includes an electrostatic adsorption unit composed of a plurality of first adsorption pieces and second adsorption pieces arranged in an array form; the first and second adsorption pieces in the same row are arranged alternately and overlap, and the adjacent two same adsorption pieces in the same row and the same column do not contact with each other; the first and second adsorption pieces in each phase overlap generate electrostatic adsorption effect under the drive of the direct current, change the overall rigidity of the neck collar body, and play a protective role on the neck of the wearer; the control unit is used for controlling the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or the size of the direct current output by the circuit management unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of high-voltage applications of triboelectric nanogenerators, specifically a neck electrostatic protection device driven by triboelectric high voltage. Background Technology

[0002] Among the many parts of the human body, the neck, as a crucial link connecting the head and torso, is of paramount importance for safety. In scenarios such as high-speed driving, strenuous exercise, or emergency braking, the neck is highly susceptible to sudden acceleration impacts, leading to cervical spine injuries or even more serious consequences. Traditional protective equipment, such as neck braces and neck protectors, while mitigating injury to some extent, often suffers from limitations such as heavy weight, discomfort, and reliance on external power sources, failing to meet modern demands for lightweight, intelligent, and sustainable safety protection devices. Against this backdrop, designing a novel wearable neck electrostatic protection device is of particular importance.

[0003] Electrostatic adhesion (EA), a highly promising electrically controllable adsorption technology, has been widely researched and applied in fields such as active adsorption gripping and robotics. Typically, an electrostatic adhesion system consists of a set of conductive electrodes and an insulating layer. This technology primarily works by applying a high voltage (approximately several kilovolts) to the conductive electrodes. Based on electrostatic induction and polarization mechanisms, an electrostatic attraction force is generated between the electrodes and the object being adsorbed, thus achieving the effect of adsorption or gripping. The advantages of electrostatic adhesion technology are its applicability to various materials and environments; for example, it can generate appropriate electrostatic attraction forces on smooth glass or rough steel surfaces. Secondly, based on the fundamental principles of electrostatic adhesion, a multilayer thin-film electrostatic adhesion system can typically be fabricated by combining flexible electrode materials (conductive silicone grease, silver nanowires, etc.) and thin-film soft materials (ITO, PI, etc.), allowing it to adapt well to objects with planar, curved, or irregular complex surfaces. Furthermore, electrostatic adhesion technology has low energy consumption. Electrostatic adsorption typically requires high voltages of several thousand volts, but due to the insulated and non-conductive electrodes, the actual energy consumption is usually between μW and mW, far lower than other adsorption technologies such as negative pressure vacuum adsorption. Compared to existing controllable adsorption technologies such as negative pressure adsorption, magnetic adsorption, gecko-inspired adsorption, or other biomimetic adsorption, electrostatic adsorption has advantages such as simple structure, convenient manufacturing, wide material adaptability, applicability to special environments (low pressure, vacuum, etc.), and low energy consumption. However, to ensure effective adsorption, a reliable and stable high-voltage power supply is absolutely essential for electrostatic adsorption systems. Commercial high-voltage power supplies are generally bulky, which increases the system's space occupation, complexity, and manufacturing cost, thus limiting the application and development of electrostatic adsorption technology. In addition, even if the power supply's internal circuitry has protection mechanisms, there are safety hazards during manual operation of thousands of volts of high voltage. Therefore, exploring safe, reliable, efficient, environmentally friendly, lightweight, and portable advanced power supply solutions for electrostatic adsorption technology is an important approach to further expand its applications.

[0004] Furthermore, the emergence of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has provided a new approach to power supply solutions for many low-power devices. Due to its high voltage, simple fabrication, low cost, portability, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency in low-frequency energy harvesting, it is considered a highly promising innovative technology for converting mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention and continuous exploration from numerous scientists, whose research aims to recover and utilize the micro- and nano-high-entropy mechanical energy widely distributed in the environment. Based on the modified Maxwell equations for displacement current, high-entropy mechanical energy can be effectively converted into electrical energy or electrical signals.

[0005] A representative example of an electrostatic adsorption system driven by triboelectric high voltage is discussed in the international journal *ACS Nano*, Volume 12, Issue 10, pp. 10262-10271, 2018. [1] This paper reports a voltage enhancement circuit for a self-powered electrostatic adsorption system based on a triboelectric charge replenishment channel. It primarily uses an enhanced triboelectric charge-enhanced electrostatic adsorption (TENG) to power the system. By introducing a triboelectric charge replenishment channel, the open-circuit voltage of the TENG is increased tenfold, resulting in a higher electrostatic adsorption force. (Published in the international journal *Advanced Functional Materials*, Vol. 31, No. 38, pp. 2104770, 2021). [2] This paper reports a triboelectric soft robot (TESR) system powered by mechanical energy. It primarily utilizes the triboelectric effect to generate power, controlling a soft, deformable foot component to produce electrostatic adsorption and crawling motion. Ultimately, it can creep and climb on various material surfaces and slopes at different angles, successfully achieving a maximum crawling speed of 14.9 mm / s on an acrylic surface. While these triboelectric-based electrostatic adsorption systems all successfully generate electrostatic adsorption using triboelectric nanogenerator technology, they do not utilize this adsorption as an electrostatic protection device to achieve kinetic energy consumption and absorption. Furthermore, they do not modify the electrical output characteristics of the triboelectric nanogenerator to alter the electrostatic adsorption effect and achieve precise control of the equivalent stiffness of the electrostatic protection device.

[0006] Existing technology:

[0007] [1]Xu L.,Wu H.,Yao G.,et al.Giant Voltage Enhancement viaTriboelectric ChargeSupplement Channel for Self-Powered Electroadhesion[J].ACS Nano,2018,12(10):

[0008] 10262-10271.https: / / doi.org / 10.1021 / acsnano.8b05359

[0009] [2]Liu Y.,Chen B.,Li W.,et al.Bioinspired Triboelectric Soft RobotDriven by MechanicalEnergy[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2021,31(38):2104770.

[0010] https: / / onlinelibrary.wiley.com / doi / abs / 10.1002 / adfm.202104770 Summary of the Invention

[0011] This disclosure aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0012] Therefore, this disclosure provides a triboelectric high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device that combines TENG technology with the electrostatic adsorption mechanism of a neck scarf. Utilizing the high voltage output of the TENG to generate electrostatic adsorption, the neck scarf can be self-powered, increasing its portability and practicality. Furthermore, this neck electrostatic protection device provides a certain degree of protection when the neck is subjected to significant acceleration. The neck scarf body is driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator, which senses the instantaneous acceleration experienced by the neck through an accelerometer. When the acceleration exceeds a certain threshold, a triboelectric high voltage is input to drive the neck scarf body, thereby instantly adjusting the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body and achieving intelligent real-time control of the neck scarf body stiffness.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution:

[0014] This disclosure provides a friction high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device, including a power source, a friction power supply unit, a neck scarf body, a circuit management unit, and a control unit;

[0015] The power source is used to drive the rotor of the friction power supply unit to rotate;

[0016] The friction power supply unit is used to output high-voltage alternating current based on the principles of triboelectric power generation and electrostatic induction under the drive of the power source.

[0017] The circuit management unit is connected between the friction power supply unit and the scarf body, and is used to rectify the high voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit and output the DC power required to generate electrostatic adsorption.

[0018] The neck warmer body includes a neck warmer base and electrostatic adsorption units arranged on its outer periphery. The electrostatic adsorption units consist of a plurality of first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets arranged in an array. The first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets in the same row are arranged alternately and overlap. Adjacent adsorption sheets of the same type in the same row do not contact each other, and adjacent adsorption sheets in the same column do not contact each other. The overlapping first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets generate electrostatic adsorption under the direct current driven by the output of the circuit management unit, thereby changing the overall rigidity of the neck warmer body and providing protection for the wearer's neck.

[0019] The control unit is used to control the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or the magnitude of the DC current output by the circuit management unit, so as to adjust the overall stiffness of the neck guard body and meet different protection requirements.

[0020] In some embodiments, the energy source of the power source includes electrical energy, wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, vibration energy, and collected biomechanical energy.

[0021] In some embodiments, the triboelectric power supply unit is a rotary triboelectric nanogenerator. The stator of the triboelectric power supply unit includes a first electrode substrate, a first electrode, and a first triboelectric layer stacked sequentially. The rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit includes a second triboelectric layer and a drive plate. The second triboelectric layer is fan-shaped, with one end fixed to the drive plate and the other end bent to a certain degree, and using its own rebound to make close contact with the first triboelectric layer. The rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit is fixedly connected to the power source through a flange connector.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first electrode is an interdigitated electrode formed by two unconnected electrodes in an integral ring shape.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first adsorption sheet and the second adsorption sheet each include a dielectric layer, a second electrode, and a substrate layer stacked sequentially. The dielectric layer should completely cover the second electrode, and the dielectric layers in the overlapping first adsorption sheets and the second adsorption sheets are arranged opposite to each other. Each second electrode is led out to a terminal through a wire, and the wires of each first adsorption sheet converge to a first main line and are connected to the first output terminal of the circuit management unit. The wires of each second adsorption sheet converge to a second main line and are connected to the second output terminal of the circuit management unit.

[0024] In some embodiments, each adsorption sheet is fish-scale shaped.

[0025] In some embodiments, the circuit management unit includes at least one rectifier circuit, each rectifier circuit being equipped with at least one control switch, each control switch being controlled by the control unit to connect a corresponding rectifier circuit between the friction power supply unit and the scarf body.

[0026] In some embodiments, the type of rectifier circuit in the circuit management unit includes a full-wave rectifier circuit and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

[0027] In some embodiments, the neck electrostatic protection device further includes an accelerometer and has an inner lining on the side of the neck brace base facing the wearer's neck;

[0028] The accelerometer is fixed between the lining and the neck warmer base. The accelerometer is used to collect the acceleration signal of the wearer's neck and transmit it to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer and / or controls the rectification amplitude of the high-voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit by the circuit management unit according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC power input to the neck warmer body and realizing intelligent adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck warmer body.

[0029] In some embodiments, the neck electrostatic protection device further includes an adjustment button connected to the control unit, through which the operating mode of the neck electrostatic protection device is selected. The operating mode includes an intelligent operating mode and a constant operating mode. When the intelligent operating mode is selected, the control unit intelligently adjusts the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer. When the constant operating mode is selected, the control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or controls the rectification amplitude of the high-voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit by the circuit management unit according to the selected operating mode level, so that the DC power input to the neck scarf body is at the DC power level corresponding to the corresponding level, thereby realizing the adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body at different levels.

[0030] This disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This disclosure discloses a triboelectric high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device, which uses a triboelectric nanogenerator to drive the neck electrostatic protection scarf and adjust its equivalent stiffness. The main functional modules include a power source, a triboelectric power supply unit, a circuit management unit, the neck electrostatic protection scarf body, and a control unit. The power source drives the rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit to rotate and generate high-voltage alternating current. The alternating current output by the triboelectric power supply unit is then regulated by the circuit management unit to drive the neck electrostatic protection scarf to generate electrostatic attraction, thereby changing the overall stiffness of the scarf to resist some external impacts and provide protection. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) adopts a disc-shaped design, making it a rotary triboelectric nanogenerator. It can be controlled by a motor to output stable alternating current, or it can be manually cranked to achieve self-powered operation. Alternatively, the drive source can be other TENGs used to collect human motion energy, such as using a TENG that collects human motion energy to drive the smart scarf. Meanwhile, the device is equipped with an accelerometer to collect acceleration signals from the wearer's neck and transmit them to the control unit. The control unit directly adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or controls the rectification amplitude of the high-voltage AC power output from the friction power supply unit by the circuit management unit based on the acceleration signals collected by the accelerometer, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC power input to the neck brace and realizing intelligent dynamic adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck brace to meet different needs in actual application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the triboelectric high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows an exploded side view of the neck electrostatic protection device, with the neck warmer in an unfolded state.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the triboelectric power supply unit in the neck electrostatic protection device shown.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A top view of the stator of the triboelectric power supply unit in the neck electrostatic protection device;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the neck gauze body in the neck electrostatic protection device after it has been unfolded in a plane.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 1The neck electrostatic protection device shown is a top view of the neck scarf body after it has been unfolded into a plane.

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the structure of a single adsorption plate in the neck electrostatic protection device shown.

[0039] Figure 8 Figure 1 The diagram shows the specific circuit connection structure of the neck electrostatic protection device.

[0040] Figure 9 (a) and (b) are the open-circuit voltage curve and short-circuit current curve of the friction power supply unit at different rotor speeds in the embodiments of this disclosure, respectively;

[0041] Figure 10 In the embodiments of this disclosure, (a) and (b) are the driving voltage curves of the friction power supply unit driving the neck guard body after passing through the full wave rectifier and the dual voltage rectifier at different rotor speeds.

[0042] Figure 11 In the figures (a) and (b), the electrostatic adsorption force curves generated by the triboelectric power supply unit in the embodiments of this disclosure driving the neck guard body after passing through the full-wave rectifier circuit and the dual voltage rectifier circuit at different rotor speeds are respectively.

[0043] Figure 12 In the figures (a) and (b), the equivalent stiffness coefficient λ curves of the friction power supply unit in the embodiments of this disclosure after passing through the full-wave rectifier and the dual voltage rectifier at different rotor speeds drive the neck guard body.

[0044] In the diagram:

[0045] 100. Triboelectric power supply unit; 101. First electrode substrate; 102. First electrode; 103. Friction layer one; 104. Friction layer two; 105. Drive plate; 106. Flange connector;

[0046] 200. Scarf body; 210. Lining; 220. Electrostatic adsorption unit; 221. First adsorption sheet; 222. Second adsorption sheet; 22a. Dielectric layer; 22b. Second electrode; 22c. Base layer; 22d. Fixing hole; 230. Scarf base;

[0047] 300. Circuit management unit; 311a. First diode; 311b. Second diode; 312. Capacitor; 313. Zener diode; S1. First control switch; S2. Second control switch;

[0048] 400. Accelerometer. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0050] Conversely, this application covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods, and schemes made within the spirit and scope of this application as defined by the claims. Furthermore, to provide the public with a better understanding of this application, certain specific details are described in detail below. However, this application can be fully understood by those skilled in the art even without these detailed descriptions.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The present disclosure provides a friction high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device, which includes a power source (not shown in the figure), a friction power supply unit 100, a neck scarf body 200, a circuit management unit 300, and a control unit (not shown in the figure).

[0052] A power source for driving the rotor of the friction power supply unit 100 to rotate;

[0053] The triboelectric power supply unit 100 is used to output high-voltage alternating current based on the principles of triboelectric power generation and electrostatic induction under the drive of a power source.

[0054] The circuit management unit 300 is connected between the friction power supply unit 100 and the membrane body 200. It is used to rectify the high voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit 100 and output the DC power required to generate electrostatic adsorption.

[0055] The neck warmer body 200 includes a neck warmer base 230 and electrostatic adsorption units 220 disposed on the outer periphery of the neck warmer base 230. The electrostatic adsorption unit 220 is composed of a plurality of first adsorption sheets 221 and second adsorption sheets 222 arranged in an array. The first adsorption sheets 221 and second adsorption sheets 222 in the same row are arranged alternately and overlap. Adjacent adsorption sheets of the same type in the same row do not contact each other (i.e., adjacent first adsorption sheets 221 in the same row do not contact each other, and adjacent second adsorption sheets 222 in the same row do not contact each other). Adjacent adsorption sheets in the same column do not contact each other. The overlapping first adsorption sheets 221 and second adsorption sheets 222 generate electrostatic adsorption under the direct current driven by the circuit management unit 300, which changes the overall rigidity of the neck warmer body 200 and provides protection for the wearer's neck.

[0056] The control unit is used to control the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100 and / or the magnitude of the DC power output by the circuit management unit 300, so as to adjust the overall rigidity of the neck guard body 200 to meet different protection requirements.

[0057] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , Figure 4The triboelectric power supply unit 100 is a rotary triboelectric nanogenerator. Its operating mode is an independent triboelectric layer mode. It uses the rotation of a drive motor or the rotation generated by manually cranking a handle as a power source to drive the rotor of the rotary triboelectric nanogenerator. The triboelectric nanogenerator converts the mechanical energy input from the power source into high-voltage alternating current output. The triboelectric power supply unit 100 includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a first electrode substrate 101, a first electrode 102, and a first triboelectric layer 103 stacked sequentially. The rotor includes a second triboelectric layer 104 and a drive plate 105. The first electrode substrate 101, the first electrode 102, the first triboelectric layer 103, and the drive plate 105 all have circular holes at their centers, primarily for mounting bearings at the output end of the drive motor or the handle shaft. The first electrode 102 is deposited on the surface of the first electrode substrate 101 and serves as the conductive electrode for the triboelectric nanogenerator, outputting alternating current. A first triboelectric layer 103 is bonded to the surface of the first electrode 102 facing the triboelectric layer 103. The first triboelectric layer 103 must completely cover the surface of the first electrode 102 to prevent leakage during operation. Furthermore, the first electrode 102 is formed by two unconnected electrodes a and b, creating an interdigitated ring to improve the charge output efficiency of the triboelectric power supply unit 100. A second triboelectric layer 104 is fan-shaped, with one end fixed to the drive plate 105 and the other end bent to a certain degree, allowing it to make close contact with the first triboelectric layer 103 due to the material's own resilience. To meet the power generation principle of the triboelectric nanogenerator, two thin film materials with different electronegativity are used for the first triboelectric layer 103 and the second triboelectric layer 104. The rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 is fixedly connected to the power source via a flange connector 106. When the power source drives the rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 to rotate, the triboelectric power supply unit 100 converts the kinetic energy of the rotor into electrical energy based on the principles of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. The triboelectric power supply unit 100 outputs AC electrical energy to the outside through the first electrode 102. Specifically, the second friction layer 104 and the first friction layer 103 come into contact and rub against each other. Due to the different electronegativity of the materials, the contact interface carries equal amounts of opposite charges, forming an electrostatic field at the interface of the two friction layers. Based on the principles of electrostatic induction and triboelectric charging, the charge on the surface of the first electrode 102 is redistributed continuously with the movement of the rotor. The two output terminals of the unconnected electrodes a and b on the first electrode substrate 101 serve as the AC output terminals of the triboelectric power supply unit 100, outputting equal amounts of opposite charges to the outside. Finally, with the continuous movement of the rotor, the triboelectric power supply unit 100 will continuously output high-voltage AC power.

[0058] It should be noted that, in addition to the electrical energy of the drive motor and the triboelectric power supply unit 100 driven by the manual handle rotation method, the energy source of the power source in this embodiment can also be other forms of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), such as TENGs that collect biomechanical energy, wind energy, solar energy, water energy, vibration energy, etc., which are all applicable to the neck electrostatic protection device described in this embodiment.

[0059] In some embodiments, see Figures 5-7The neck warmer body 200 is a multi-layer flexible thin-film device with adjustable stiffness. It primarily utilizes electrostatic adsorption to increase its structural stiffness and dissipates external kinetic energy under the resistance of electrostatic adsorption, thus protecting the wearer's neck. Electrostatic adsorption mainly occurs by applying a high voltage of hundreds or thousands of volts to metal electrodes, generating adsorption under electrostatic induction or polarization. Through electrostatic induction and polarization, equal amounts of opposite charges accumulate on the surfaces of the electrodes and the adsorbed object. Based on the principle that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other, an electrostatic adsorption force is generated between the conductive electrode and the adsorbed object, thereby achieving the adsorption effect. In this embodiment, the neck warmer body 200's base 230 is made of soft fabric, such as cotton, silk, polyester, cashmere, or flannel, to ensure comfort during wear and a close fit to the neck, while also housing the electrostatic adsorption unit 220. The electrostatic adsorption unit 220 consists of several adsorption sheets arranged in an array. Each row consists of several first adsorption sheets 221 and second adsorption sheets 222 located in the lower layer. The first adsorption sheets 221 and second adsorption sheets 222 in the same row partially overlap. A certain distance must be maintained between the adsorption sheets in each row and column of the same layer so that they do not overlap each other, in order to prevent edge curling and ensure the overall flatness of the adsorption sheet layer. The first adsorption sheet 221 and the second adsorption sheet 222 have the same structure, each comprising a dielectric layer 22a, a second electrode 22b, and a base layer 22c stacked sequentially. The dielectric layers 22a in the overlapping first adsorption sheets 221 and 222 are arranged opposite to each other. The dielectric layer 22a serves as the insulating layer of the electrostatic adsorption unit 220, primarily acting as an insulator between the second electrodes 22b in the overlapping first adsorption sheets 221 and 222, thus forming an insulating state between them. This protects the circuit and prevents high voltage breakdown of the second electrode 22b. The dielectric layers 22a in the first adsorption sheets 221 and 222 can be made of the same or different dielectric materials, as long as they are insulated from each other and their surface roughness is kept low. The two electrodes can slide relative to each other. The second electrode 22b, as the conductive layer of the electrostatic adsorption unit 220, is mainly used to connect the electrons transferred from the output terminal of the circuit management unit 300 and generate polarized charges to form a potential difference. The second electrode 22b in each adsorption piece is led out to the terminal through a wire. The wires of each first adsorption piece 221 converge on the same wire for subsequent energization. The wires of each second adsorption piece 222 are similarly connected. Finally, all the first adsorption pieces 221 are concentrated on the same wire and connected to the first output terminal of the circuit management unit 300, and all the second adsorption pieces 222 are concentrated on the same wire and connected to the second output terminal of the circuit management unit 300. The base layer 22c, as the support layer of the electrostatic adsorption unit 220, mainly provides support for the second electrode 22b. The second electrode 22b with a set geometry is printed on the surface of the base layer 22c, and then the dielectric layer 22a is completely covered on the surface of the second electrode 22b to form an insulating layer.The dielectric layer 22a, the second electrode 22b, and the base layer 22c together form an adsorption sheet. Each adsorption sheet has a fixing hole 22d at one end and a free end at the other end. A fixing wire is passed through the fixing hole 22d on the adsorption sheet and fixed to the neckerchief base 230 to achieve the connection between the adsorption sheet and the neckerchief base 230. The equivalent stiffness of the neckerchief body 200 is directly related to the electrostatic adsorption force it generates. The magnitude of the electrostatic adsorption force is directly related to the output voltage of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 and / or the output voltage of the circuit management unit 300. Therefore, the equivalent stiffness of the neckerchief body 200 can be directly changed by changing the output voltage (or rotor speed) of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 and / or the output voltage of the circuit management unit 300, thereby adjusting the protective effect.

[0060] Furthermore, each adsorption sheet within the electrostatic adsorption unit 220 is fish-scale shaped. The dielectric layer 22a is made of polyimide (PI) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or other dielectric materials. The second electrode 22b is a copper electrode. The base layer 22c is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other plastic films. The fabrication process of the adsorption sheet includes:

[0061] Conductive copper paste (resistance value 1mΩ~8mΩ) is poured into one end of a screen printing plate with a pre-defined fish scale pattern. A squeegee applies pressure to the copper paste area on the screen printing plate while moving it towards the other end. During this movement, the copper paste is forced from the mesh openings of the screen onto the substrate layer 22c. Due to the viscosity of the copper paste, the print adheres within a certain range. Throughout the printing process, the squeegee maintains line contact with both the screen printing plate and the substrate, and this contact line moves with the squeegee. The screen printing plate is then removed, forming a fish scale-shaped conductive layer, i.e., the second electrode 22b. Subsequently, a dielectric layer 22a completely covers the surface of the second electrode 22b to ensure that the two second electrodes 22b do not come into contact, preventing short circuits and achieving charge storage.

[0062] In some embodiments, see Figure 8 In this embodiment, the neck electrostatic protection device driven by high-voltage friction includes a circuit management unit 300, whose main function is to rectify the high-voltage AC power output from the friction power supply unit 100 into DC power. The circuit management unit 300 is installed between the AC output terminal of the friction power supply unit 100 and the second electrode 22b of the neck brace body 200. The circuit management unit 300 includes at least one rectifier circuit, each equipped with at least one control switch. Each control switch is controlled by the control unit, connecting a corresponding rectifier circuit between the friction power supply unit 100 and the neck brace body 200.

[0063] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the circuit management unit 300 includes one full-wave rectifier (FWR) and one dual voltage rectifier (DVR). Each type of rectifier is equipped with three control switches (one first control switch S1 at the input of the FWR and two first control switches S1 at the output of the FWR; one second control switch S2 at the input of the DVR and two second control switches S2 at the output of the DVR) to control the on / off state of the different rectifier circuits. The full-wave rectifier circuit mainly consists of four first diodes 311a, which are connected in series in the same direction to form a classic full-wave rectifier bridge. The voltage doubler rectifier circuit consists of at least two second diodes 311b and an equal number of capacitors 312. The second diodes 311b are connected in series in the same direction, and the capacitors 312 are alternately connected in series between two second diodes 311b. Therefore, the number of second diodes and capacitors can be added or removed according to the output circuit requirements. However, before actual use, it must be ensured that the number of second diodes 311b and capacitors 312 are equal. Due to the unidirectional current conduction characteristic of the second diodes 311b, the plates of the capacitors 312 on the same side as the positive terminals of the series-connected second diodes 311b are also positive. In the DVR circuit, to stabilize the output voltage, a Zener diode 313 can be connected in parallel at the two output terminals for voltage regulation. At the same time, due to the series and parallel characteristics of the multiple capacitors 312, the voltage doubler rectifier circuit can simultaneously achieve the dual functions of boosting and rectifying. A first control switch S1 and a second control switch S2 are connected to the input and output terminals of both types of rectifier circuits. All control switches are controlled by the control unit. Initially, all control switches are open. When the first control switch S1 is closed and the second control switch S2 is open, the full-wave rectifier circuit (FWR) is turned on. At this time, the main function of the circuit management unit 300 is the FWR, which rectifies the AC power from the friction power supply unit 100 and outputs DC power to drive the neck guard body 200. When the second control switch S2 is closed and the first control switch S1 is open, the voltage doubler rectifier circuit (DVR) is turned on. At this time, the main function of the circuit management unit 300 is the DVR, which rectifies the AC power from the friction power supply unit 100 and outputs DC power to drive the neck guard body 200. Since the electrical output of the friction power supply unit 100 after full-wave rectification and voltage doubler rectification is different, the control unit can adjust the on / off state of the first control switch S1 and the second control switch S2 to select the function of the circuit management unit 300 to meet different protection requirements.

[0064] In some embodiments, to increase the practicality of the neck electrostatic discharge protection device, the neck electrostatic discharge protection device of this disclosure further includes an accelerometer 400 and an adjustment button (not shown in the figure). An inner liner 210, identical in size and shape to the neck brace base 230, is provided on the side (i.e., the inner side) of the neck brace base 230 facing the wearer's neck. The accelerometer 400 is fixed between the inner liner 210 and the neck brace base 230. The inner liner 210 is also made of soft fabric, which ensures a close fit between the accelerometer 400 and the wearer's neck to accurately acquire the acceleration signal of the neck, thereby ensuring effective signal acquisition. It also ensures wearing comfort. The accelerometer 400 transmits the detected acceleration signal of the wearer's neck to the control unit. The accelerometer 400 can be a Witt Smart Bluetooth Three-Axis Accelerometer WT9011DCL or other accelerometers of suitable size and performance. The adjustment button is connected to the control unit. The wearer selects the working mode of the neck electrostatic protection device in this embodiment through the adjustment button. The working modes include intelligent working mode and constant working mode. When intelligent working mode is selected, the control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100 according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer 400 and / or controls the on / off of the switch according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer 400 to connect to the corresponding rectifier circuit in the circuit management unit 300, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC current input to the second electrode 22b in the neck brace body 200, and realizing intelligent adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck brace body 200. When constant working mode is selected, the control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100 and / or controls the on / off of the switch according to the selected working mode level to connect to the corresponding rectifier circuit in the circuit management unit 300, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC current input to the second electrode 22b in the neck brace body 200 to the corresponding DC current level, and realizing adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck brace body 200 at different levels.

[0065] In some embodiments, the control unit and adjustment buttons are integrated on a single PCB board and communicate with the accelerometer 400 via Bluetooth or other wireless connection methods. The control unit mainly includes key components such as a CPU, memory, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and controller. The CPU and memory are typically connected via traces on the PCB or internal connections of integrated circuits (ICs). The CPU primarily executes program instructions and processes data, while the memory mainly stores firmware, programs, and runtime data. The DAC is wirelessly connected to the accelerometer 400 and primarily converts digital signals into analog signals to control analog devices. The controller is connected to the DAC and is primarily responsible for executing program code, processing input data, performing calculations and logical judgments, and making control decisions. The controller stores the functional relationship between the acceleration signal and the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100, and / or the relationship between the acceleration signal and the control commands of each control switch in the circuit management unit 300, thereby adjusting the stiffness of the neck guard body 200 based on this relationship and the real-time measured acceleration signal. When the control unit detects a change in the acceleration signal exceeding a set threshold, it outputs a control command to cause the high-voltage AC power output from the triboelectric power supply unit 100 to drive the neck scarf body 200 to generate an electrostatic adsorption force after passing through the circuit management unit 300. Under the action of the electrostatic adsorption force, the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body 200 increases. Simultaneously, by utilizing the functional relationship between the equivalent stiffness of the neck scarf body 200 and its electrostatic adsorption force, the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the neck scarf body 200 can be calculated based on the electrostatic adsorption force and the deformation. Furthermore, the magnitude of the electrostatic adsorption force is directly related to the voltage output of the triboelectric power supply unit 100; therefore, the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the neck scarf body 200 can be directly changed by altering the output voltage (or rotor speed) of the triboelectric power supply unit 100, thereby adjusting the electrostatic protection effect.

[0066] To verify the protective effect of the neck electrostatic discharge protection device provided in this embodiment, the following test was conducted:

[0067] See Figure 9 In (a), the open-circuit voltage output by the friction power supply unit 100 does not increase significantly with the increase of the driving frequency or rotational speed. At a rotor speed of 100 rpm, its maximum open-circuit voltage can reach 2.4 kV; see also... Figure 9 In (b), the short-circuit current output by the friction power supply unit 100 increases with the increase of the driving frequency. When the rotor speed is 300 rpm, its maximum short-circuit current can reach 240 μA.

[0068] See Figure 10In (a), the AC output voltage of the friction power supply unit 100 is rectified into DC voltage by a full-wave rectifier circuit, thereby driving the neck brace body 200. At this time, the voltage between the second electrodes 22b of the neck brace body 200 first increases and then decreases as the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100 increases; see also Figure 10 In (b), the AC output voltage of the friction power supply unit 100 is rectified into DC voltage by the voltage doubler rectifier circuit, thereby driving the neck brace body 200. At this time, the voltage between the second electrode 22b of the neck brace body 200 increases first and then decreases slightly as the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100 increases, indicating that the voltage driving the second electrode 22b increases linearly with the increase of the rotor speed, mainly showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

[0069] See Figure 11 In (a) and (b), the AC output voltage of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 is converted into DC voltage by the circuit management unit 300 (including a full-wave rectifier, FWR, and a dual voltage rectifier, DVR), thereby driving the neck brace body 200. At this time, the electrostatic adsorption force (EAforce) generated by the neck brace body 200 is related to the rotational speed of the rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 and the type of rectifier circuit, indicating that the specific value of the adsorption force is directly related to the voltage between the second electrode 22b. Therefore, the stiffness of the neck brace 200 can be precisely controlled by changing the rotational speed or selecting different rectifier types.

[0070] See Figure 12 In (a) and (b), the AC output voltage of the triboelectric power supply unit 100 drives the neck protector body 200 after passing through the circuit management unit 300 (including a full-wave rectifier, FWR, and a dual voltage rectifier, DVR). At this time, the equivalent stiffness coefficient λ of the neck protector body 200 is defined as a parameter representing the neck protector's resistance to deformation under external force, used to characterize the overall stiffness of the neck protector. The equivalent stiffness coefficient λ in the figure changes with the rotor speed of the triboelectric power supply unit 100, indicating that the equivalent stiffness coefficient λ of the neck protector body 200 can be directly adjusted by regulating the rotor speed, achieving real-time stiffness control of the neck protector body 200. Under the pre-calibrated relationship between acceleration and the equivalent stiffness coefficient λ of the neck protector body 200, the specific stiffness of the neck protector body 200 and its protective function are intelligently adjusted according to the feedback signal from the accelerometer 400.

[0071] The working principle of this disclosure embodiment is described below:

[0072] When using the neck electrostatic protection device provided in this embodiment, the friction power supply unit 100 can be driven by a motor to output stable AC power, or it can be manually cranked or powered by other types of TENGs as the power source for the neck brace body 200. When the motor rotates, it drives the rotor of the friction power supply unit 100 to rotate. Friction layer 104 and friction layer 103 come into contact and rub against each other. Due to the different electronegativity of the materials, the contact interface carries equal amounts of opposite charges, forming a high-voltage electrostatic field at the interface of the two friction layers. Based on the principles of electrostatic induction and triboelectric charging, the charge on the surface of the first electrode 102 is redistributed and continuously generated as the rotor of the friction power supply unit 100 moves. The two output terminals of the unconnected electrodes a and b on the first electrode substrate 101 serve as the AC output terminals of the friction power supply unit 100, outputting equal amounts of opposite charges. Finally, with the continuous movement of the rotor, the friction power supply unit 100 will continuously output high-voltage AC power. The main rectifier circuit of the circuit management unit 300 is selected by controlling the first switch S1 and the second switch S2. The electrical energy output by the triboelectric power supply unit 100 is input into the circuit management unit 300. After rectification by the circuit management unit 300, it enters the neck scarf body 200 and provides voltage to the second electrode 22b in the overlapping first adsorption sheet 221 and second adsorption sheet 222 respectively. The neck scarf body 200 generates electrostatic adsorption force based on electrostatic induction and polarization. At this time, the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body 200 increases, its equivalent stiffness coefficient increases, and the corresponding protective function also changes.

[0073] Furthermore, the control unit communicates with the accelerometer 400 via Bluetooth. The controller stores the functional relationship between the acceleration signal and the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit 100, and / or the relationship between the acceleration signal and the control commands of each control switch in the circuit management unit 300. Based on this relationship and the real-time measured acceleration signal, the stiffness of the neck guard body 200 is adjusted. Since the voltage generated by the friction power supply unit 100 varies under different rotor speeds and different rectifier units, the specific values ​​can be measured using instruments such as an electrometer and a high-voltage probe. Simultaneously, the protective effect of the neck guard is directly related to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the second electrode 22b. Therefore, the output voltage of the friction power supply unit 100 under different operating conditions (different rotor speeds and different rectifier units), and the equivalent stiffness coefficient λ of the neck guard body 200 under different voltage drives, can be measured in advance for neck guard stiffness calibration. Subsequently, when the control unit detects that the change in the acceleration signal exceeds the set threshold, it will output a control command to cause the high-voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit 100 to drive the neck brace body 200 to generate electrostatic adsorption force after passing through the circuit management unit 300. Under the action of electrostatic adsorption force, the overall stiffness of the neck brace body 200 increases, realizing precise real-time control of the equivalent stiffness of the neck brace, thus enabling it to adapt to different working scenarios and needs as a stiffness adaptive control intelligent device.

[0074] In summary, this disclosure presents a triboelectric high-voltage driven neck electrostatic protection device that combines triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology with the electrostatic adsorption mechanism of a neck warmer. Utilizing the high voltage output of the TENG to generate electrostatic adsorption, the neck warmer can be self-powered, increasing its portability and practicality. Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator enables the driving of the neck warmer and the adjustment of its equivalent stiffness. Based on feedback signals from an accelerometer at the wearer's neck, the actual stiffness of the neck warmer is intelligently adjusted, or an appropriate operating mode can be selected via an adjustment button to adapt to different protection needs. This neck electrostatic protection device not only provides a comfortable wearing experience but also, through an intelligent response mechanism based on accelerometer feedback, regulates the overall electrostatic adsorption force of the neck warmer according to changes in acceleration at critical moments, providing different levels of protection to the neck and effectively protecting it from acceleration impacts.

[0075] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments disclosed herein, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "up and down", "left and right", "coplanar", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0077] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "fixed connection", "fixed connection", "adhesion", "gluing", "bonding", "coating", "locking", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, etc. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A neck electrostatic protection device driven by high-voltage friction, characterized in that, It includes a power source, a friction power supply unit, a neck scarf body, a circuit management unit, and a control unit; The power source is used to drive the rotor of the friction power supply unit to rotate; The friction power supply unit is used to output high-voltage alternating current based on the principles of triboelectric power generation and electrostatic induction under the drive of the power source. The circuit management unit is connected between the friction power supply unit and the scarf body, and is used to rectify the high voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit and output the DC power required to generate electrostatic adsorption. The neck warmer body includes a neck warmer base and electrostatic adsorption units arranged on its outer periphery. The electrostatic adsorption units consist of a plurality of first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets arranged in an array. The first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets in the same row are arranged alternately and overlap. Adjacent adsorption sheets of the same type in the same row do not contact each other, and adjacent adsorption sheets in the same column do not contact each other. The overlapping first adsorption sheets and second adsorption sheets generate electrostatic adsorption under the direct current driven by the output of the circuit management unit, thereby changing the overall rigidity of the neck warmer body and providing protection for the wearer's neck. The control unit is used to control the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or the magnitude of the DC current output by the circuit management unit, so as to adjust the overall stiffness of the neck guard body and meet different protection requirements.

2. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power source's energy sources include electrical energy, wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, vibration energy, and collected biomechanical energy.

3. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric power supply unit is a rotary triboelectric nanogenerator. The stator of the triboelectric power supply unit includes a first electrode substrate, a first electrode, and a first triboelectric layer stacked in sequence. The rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit includes a second triboelectric layer and a drive plate. The second triboelectric layer is fan-shaped, with one end fixed to the drive plate and the other end bent to a certain degree, and it uses its own elasticity to make close contact with the first triboelectric layer. The rotor of the triboelectric power supply unit is fixedly connected to the power source through a flange connector.

4. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first electrode is an interdigitated electrode formed by two unconnected electrodes in a circular shape.

5. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second adsorption sheets include a dielectric layer, a second electrode, and a substrate layer stacked sequentially. The dielectric layer should completely cover the second electrode, and the dielectric layers in the overlapping first and second adsorption sheets are arranged opposite to each other. Each second electrode is led out to a terminal through a wire, and the wires of each first adsorption sheet converge to a first main line and are connected to the first output terminal of the circuit management unit. The wires of each second adsorption sheet converge to a second main line and are connected to the second output terminal of the circuit management unit.

6. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each adsorption sheet has a fish-scale pattern.

7. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit management unit includes at least one rectifier circuit, each rectifier circuit is equipped with at least one control switch, and each control switch is controlled by the control unit to connect a corresponding rectifier circuit between the friction power supply unit and the scarf body.

8. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The types of rectifier circuits in the circuit management unit include full-wave rectifier circuits and voltage doubler rectifier circuits.

9. The neck electrostatic protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes an accelerometer and has a lining on the side of the neck warmer base facing the wearer's neck; The accelerometer is fixed between the lining and the neck brace base, and the accelerometer is used to collect the acceleration signal of the wearer's neck and transmit it to the control unit; The control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer and / or controls the rectification amplitude of the high-voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit by the circuit management unit according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the DC power input to the neck scarf body and realizing intelligent adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body.

10. The neck electrostatic protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes an adjustment button connected to the control unit, through which the working mode of the neck electrostatic protection device can be selected. The working mode includes an intelligent working mode and a constant working mode. When the intelligent working mode is selected, the control unit realizes intelligent adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body according to the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer. When the constant working mode is selected, the control unit adjusts the rotor speed of the friction power supply unit and / or controls the rectification amplitude of the high-voltage AC power output by the friction power supply unit by the circuit management unit according to the selected working mode level, so that the DC power input to the neck scarf body is at the DC power level corresponding to the corresponding level, thereby realizing the adjustment of the overall stiffness of the neck scarf body at different levels.

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