Multi-component system and method of making multi-component system

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-component system having at least one first substance and one second substance, the multi-component system being activatable, the first substance and the second substance being present in a plurality of substance fractions, wherein the first substance moiety is formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and provided with a first linker (L1) and wherein the second substance moiety is formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and provided with a second linker (L2), wherein the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) by a predetermined interaction and they are connected to each other and wherein the distance between the functional group and the respective substance moiety is determined by the respective linker (L).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of a prior application with an application date of March 24, 2020, application number 202080038614.2, and invention name “Multi-component system and method for manufacturing multi-component system”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to multi-component systems and methods of making multi-component systems. Background Art

[0003] Multicomponent systems are known in the prior art.

[0004] For example, in adhesive technology multicomponent systems, such as two-component systems, are used.

[0005] Here, for example in DE 202017000446 U1, a special manual applicator is used to activate the adhesive system, which can then be applied.

[0006] From US 2012 / 0107601 A1 a capsule system is known which reacts to pressure and releases a liquid accordingly.

[0007] Other capsule systems are known, for example, from WO 2017 / 192407 A1, US 8,747,999 B2, WO 2017042709 A1, WO 2016 / 049308 A1 and WO 2018 / 028058 A1.

[0008] Capsule-in-capsule systems are also known, for example, from US Pat. No. 9,637,611 B2, WO 2002 / 060573 A2 or US Pat. No. 4,891,172 A.

[0009] Previous capsule systems are all passive systems. This means that they have one or more capsules and the components of interest are encapsulated in the capsules. At a defined time point (also called activation), the contents of the capsules are then emptied and the components are released accordingly.

[0010] However, it would be desirable to be able to better control the release of the components and their mixing. Summary of the invention

[0011] The object of the present invention is to develop a multicomponent system of the type mentioned at the outset and a method for producing the multicomponent system in an advantageous manner, in particular to achieve better control of the metered addition of the components of the multicomponent system and their mixing in order to increase the reaction efficiency of the multicomponent system.

[0012] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a multi-component system having the features of claim 1. A multi-component system is provided which has at least one first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present as a plurality of substance parts, wherein the first substance part is formed with at least one first functional group and is provided with a first linker and wherein the second substance part is formed with at least one second functional group and is provided with a second linker, wherein the first functional group reacts with the second functional group via a predetermined interaction and they are connected to one another and wherein the distance between the functional group and the respective substance part is determined by the respective linker.

[0013] The invention is based on the basic idea that at least one first substance and at least one second substance are arranged in a defined manner relative to one another by means of a defined spatial arrangement achieved by means of a linker and the connection of functional groups. Thus, the first substance and the second substance can now be separated from one another in a defined ratio (relationship) and a correspondingly defined distance. By suitable activation, the substances can then be mixed with one another and react with one another.

[0014] In principle, it is also conceivable that the first substance and the second substance are identical, so that a one-component system is actually present. Systems of this type are also to be understood as multi-component systems in the above-mentioned sense.

[0015] It is also conceivable that the first connector is longer than the second connector, or vice versa. This results in the following advantages: For example, the distance between the first substances after appropriate bonding is greater than the distance between the first substance and the second substance. This results in the second substance always being arranged spatially between the first substances, which promotes mixing. This also facilitates the adjustment of the concentrations and / or volume ratios of the substances relative to one another.

[0016] The linker can be any form of connection between the capsule and the functional group.

[0017] The linker can also be any type of direct connection between the capsule and the functional group.

[0018] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first and second substance portions differ in that the first substance portion is connected or connectable to more substance portions than the second substance portion, or vice versa, thereby allowing concentrations and / or volume ratios and relative proportions of the substances to be set.

[0019] Functional groups can be formed to be homogeneous or heterogeneous. For example, it is conceivable that a substance and the relevant functional groups are heterogeneous, that is, different functional groups can be used. This is desirable, for example, when the following situation is desired to be achieved: for example, in the manufacturing process, some connectors are first provided with protective groups and are intended for certain combinations (or bindings), such as a first substance with a first substance or a second substance with a second substance or a first substance with a second substance. It is also conceivable that the first functional group can connect two capsules, while different second functional groups can enable the capsule to be bound to a surface or fiber. It is also conceivable that the first functional group can enable two capsules to be combined, while different second functional groups can change the properties of the capsule, such as biocompatibility, solubility or similar properties. It is also conceivable that heterogeneous functional groups make it possible to design a three-component or multi-component system.

[0020] However, it is also conceivable that all functional groups are homogeneous, ie identically formed. In the case of a heterogeneous design, it is also conceivable to combine this with other properties or differences in the linker design (eg length, angle, linker type, etc.).

[0021] The first material portion may have substantially the same size and / or the second material portion may have substantially the same size. Size may in particular denote a spatial extent, but may also denote a mass or an occupied volume. It is conceivable that the first material portion and the second material portion each have the same size or number. It is conceivable that the first material portion and the second material portion each have the same size or number.

[0022] However, it is in particular also conceivable that the first and second material portions have different sizes.

[0023] The choice of size also determines the corresponding (local) volume and / or the corresponding local concentration of the corresponding substance.

[0024] The multi-component system can have a network structure with gaps, wherein the network structure is formed by material parts of a first substance, wherein the surrounding medium is arranged in the gaps and at least one material part of a second substance is arranged at least in sections. The result is improved mixing of the individual substances, thereby also improving the use of the material.

[0025] It can also be provided that the substance of the first substance and / or the substance part of the second substance are arranged in a capsule, in particular in a nanocapsule and / or a microcapsule. Encapsulation can easily provide a multi-component system with a defined mass or a defined volume of the first substance and / or the second substance. For a multi-capsule system or, for example, a two-component capsule system (2K-capsule system), the capsule contents can be combined with each other in a defined amount and / or a defined ratio or distance in a separate volume until the capsule is activated and the contents of the capsule can react with each other or be forced to react with each other or mix when the capsules have the same contents. One or more substance parts of the substance are arranged or packaged in each capsule. It is also conceivable that the capsule contains a plurality of substance parts. The capsule arrangement with the first substance and the second substance can also be referred to as a capsule complex and has a function roughly similar to a (micro) reaction flask, in which the reagents are mixed with each other after activation at a defined time point and the reaction between the substances is started. The effect is accumulated by a large number of these capsule complexes, and a greater effect occurs or the mixing and reaction of the substances is improved. Another advantage comes from the better mixing of the individual substances or reaction components with each other, so that - compared with previous systems - higher conversion rates can be achieved while reducing material consumption. In the case of one-component systems, mixing can be significantly improved. In particular, in the case of high-viscosity adhesive tapes, complete crosslinking throughout the tape can thus be achieved with the one-component adhesive.

[0026] In particular, it can be provided that the capsules for the first substance and the capsules for the second substance have different sizes, in particular the capsules for the first substance are larger than the capsules for the second substance, thereby adjusting the volume ratio of the first substance to the second substance (or vice versa) and the activation behavior.

[0027] It is also conceivable that the capsules for the first substance have the same size. This also serves to adjust the activation behavior.

[0028] It is also conceivable that the activation of the multicomponent system is carried out by at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, moisture, etc.

[0029] It is conceivable to use one or more activation mechanisms in parallel.

[0030] Possible capsule types include, for example, double capsules, multi-core capsules with cationic or anionic properties, capsules with different shell materials, capsules with multiple shells, capsules with multiple layers of shell material (so-called multilayer microcapsules), capsules with metal nanoparticles, matrix capsules and / or hollow capsules, capsules with dense shell material, e.g. absolutely dense shell material, porous capsules and / or empty porous capsules (e.g. for encapsulating odors).

[0031] The first substance and the second substance may be components of a multi-component adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive.

[0032] In principle, other areas of application are also possible.

[0033] In particular, it can be provided that the first substance and the second substance are components of a one-component adhesive. In other words, the first substance and the second substance can be the same substance.

[0034] The capsules are formed or functionalized with a linker and a functional group. The linker should crosslink the capsules to each other. It can be provided that the functional groups are also provided with protective groups. The distance between the capsules can be determined by the length of the linker. The length of the linker is selected so that the radius of the contents of the capsules emptied of liquid slightly overlaps the contents of the adjacent capsules to ensure crosslinking. In the case of a more viscous environmental medium (e.g., an adhesive tape), the length of the linker is selected to be smaller than in the case of a less viscous medium, such as a paste or a liquid.

[0035] Generally, the in-line (intra-linking, or intra-group cross-linking) of capsules is possible. In this case, the capsules of a capsule group are cross-linked with each other.

[0036] Typically, capsules with the same contents can be cross-linked by interlinking.

[0037] Generally, the interlinking (intervernetzung, or called intergroup crosslinking) of capsules is possible as an alternative or in addition. Here, capsules from at least two different capsule groups are crosslinked with each other.

[0038] Typically, capsules with different contents can be cross-linked by cross-linking.

[0039] It is conceivable that in the case of chemically curing adhesives, the resin and the curing agent in a two-component system with two separate reaction spaces are present in separate capsules in a defined volume ratio and are protected from an activation reaction under storage conditions. The curing reaction is then triggered, for example, by changes in pressure, pH, UV radiation, penetration, temperature, light intensity, moisture or the exclusion of air.

[0040] The capsules of a single-component capsule system or a multi-component capsule system, such as a two-component capsule system, can be introduced into a gas phase, a pasty medium, a viscous medium, a highly viscous medium, a liquid system and / or placed on a solid surface.

[0041] It is conceivable, for example, that the capsules are contained in a spray (spray binder).

[0042] It is conceivable to introduce a multi-component system, for example a two-component adhesive, into a pasty medium as the surrounding medium. This allows the adhesive to be applied very precisely to the surface to be bonded, for example to the surface. The two-component adhesive is not activated before activation, and the processing time and activation can be determined individually.

[0043] It is conceivable that the capsule is attached to a surface, such as a carrier material. The capsule can, for example, be contained in and / or on a double-sided or single-sided carrier material. The carrier material can, for example, comprise plastic, plastic foil or metal or metal foil or plastic foam or textile fabric or paper. The carrier material can also be further processed, for example by printing or stamping, or in other ways.

[0044] One possible application of the double-sided or single-sided carrier material comprising capsules of a one-component capsule system or a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, is an adhesive tape and / or an adhesive strip and / or a self-adhesive label.

[0045] A possible application of the double-sided or single-sided carrier material of a capsule comprising a single-component capsule system or a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, is as an adhesive tape and / or adhesive strip and / or self-adhesive label for covering a wound of a person or an animal. Application in plants, for example trees, is also generally possible. The carrier material can, for example, be applied to the skin and / or body surface of a person, an animal or a plant. The carrier material can also be attached to the (body) interior of a person, an animal or a plant.

[0046] In particular, it is possible, for example, to cover wounds of humans, animals or plants. The wound can be pasted in a targeted manner. It is then provided that the pressure-sensitive adhesive on the double-sided or single-sided carrier material enables a first adhesion for positioning the carrier material. Crosslinking occurs by activating the capsules, thereby achieving final adhesion. As an alternative or in addition, in this way, the repair of tissues such as bone and / or cartilage tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, adipose tissue, epithelial tissue, enamel, dentin, pulp, parenchyma, hard tissue, scleral tissue, epidermis, periderm, xylem, phloem or organs, which have been changed in structure and / or function, for example, due to an accident, injury, surgical intervention or other types of damage, can be achieved by applying a double-sided or single-sided carrier material of a single-component or multi-component adhesive.

[0047] It is conceivable that the surface to be bonded is formed or provided with functional groups (i.e., functionalized), which are complementary to the functional groups with which the two-component microcapsules have been functionalized. The two-component microcapsules can be bonded to the surface to be bonded. Therefore, the surface to be bonded cannot become sticky. The time point and type of activation of the two-component microcapsules can be accurately determined. For example, this can be used when bonding in a micro range, such as when bonding electronic devices, displays, etc. Application in the field of deep soft tissue injuries in humans or animals is also conceivable. It is conceivable that the described method can also be used to bond deeper and / or larger wounds. Minimally invasive bonding of deep and / or large wounds is conceivable. Bonding of human, animal or plant tissues and / or organs of any kind is generally conceivable.

[0048] In particular, it is conceivable that the capsules of a one-component capsule system or a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, additionally or alternatively contain pharmacologically active substances, for example drugs, including antibiotics, growth factors, disinfectants, etc. This can, for example, achieve better wound healing or the in-growth (or healing) of various tissues or organs.

[0049] It is also conceivable that the capsules of a single-component capsule system or a multi-component capsule system, such as a two-component capsule system, are porous capsules. Porous capsules can be used to contain liquids and / or odors. It is conceivable, for example, that porous capsules are used to absorb wound fluid in animal, human or plant wounds.

[0050] A selected release profile can also be achieved by capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system. For example, a gradual and / or delayed release of drugs or growth factors and / or various active ingredients is conceivable.

[0051] It is conceivable that in a two-component capsule system, the first capsule population containing fibrin is immediately activated to accelerate wound healing, but the second capsule population containing antibiotics has a prolonged activation mechanism, so that the release of antibiotics is delayed compared to the release of fibrin. In addition, empty, porous capsules can also be introduced to absorb odors and / or wound fluids.

[0052] It is conceivable that the two-component microcapsule system contains a first capsule group (first phase) having an aqueous component and a second capsule group (second phase) having an oil-containing component. It is conceivable that the two-component microcapsule system is thus capable of introducing the aqueous component and the oil-containing component, i.e., the first phase and the second phase, into a solution (forming a solution) in a defined ratio. It is conceivable that a two-phase product based on a two-component microcapsule system with a defined ratio (from the first phase to the second phase) can be produced in this way. For example, it is conceivable that a two-phase product based on a two-component microcapsule system can be applied to a fabric / fiber in a defined ratio. It is conceivable that a two-phase product based on a two-component microcapsule system is used to prevent the substance from drying out and to enable it to be stored in a common packaging. In general, this type of system can be used to make reactions more efficient than conventional systems.

[0053] It is also conceivable that in a batch process, two capsule groups of a two-component capsule system on a carrier material have the same content but are linked to each other by different activation mechanisms. Compared to a one-component capsule system, this can achieve, for example, a more prolonged release of the pharmacologically active substance.

[0054] It is also conceivable that in the case of a two-component capsule system, an unstable substance can be stored in its more stable form in the ambient medium for a longer period of time by encapsulation. Only when the capsule is activated can the stable component in the first capsule react with the activator from the second capsule and be converted into a reactive form.

[0055] Another possible application of double-sided or single-sided carrier materials comprising capsules is adhesive tapes and / or strips in the personal care sector, in the manufacture or repair of clothing and / or shoes, in the construction or handicraft sector, in home furnishing, in carpentry, in the automotive industry, in adhesive technology, in the electrical industry, etc.

[0056] It is also conceivable to use the capsules of the one-component capsule system and / or the two-component capsule system in the field of care products for humans, animals, plants or objects.

[0057] It is conceivable that multi-component systems, such as two-component systems, can also be used for self-healing products.

[0058] The monomer can be encapsulated in a first capsule and the activator in another capsule. The capsule complex can be made to react with the surrounding medium by targeted activation.

[0059] For example, it is conceivable to introduce capsules of a two-component system into paper. The sugar monomers can be encapsulated in a first capsule population and the corresponding activated enzyme can be encapsulated in a second capsule population. The capsules can be broken by activation and the activated enzyme can bind the sugar monomers to the fibers of the paper. It is conceivable that one or more break points can be repaired in this way. It is conceivable that this principle is applicable to all types of fibers, such as plastic fibers.

[0060] Typically, monomer may be present in a first population of capsules and an initiator for polymerization of the monomer in the first population of capsules is present in a further population of capsules.

[0061] This principle applies to all types of monomers.

[0062] Typically, the two monomers may also be in different capsules.

[0063] For example, a carboxylic acid may be present in a first capsule and a diol may be present in a second capsule. By activating the capsules, the polycondensation reaction may be activated and the two monomers react to form a polyester.

[0064] In general, three-capsule systems are also conceivable. Identical or different monomers can each be in the first and second capsules. The initiator can be in the third capsule.

[0065] For example, polycondensation of phenoplasts is possible, where the phenol is present in one capsule and the aldehyde is present in another capsule. The initiator is present in a third capsule.

[0066] In general, this principle can be applied to any aggregation.

[0067] The capsule may at least partially contain one or more flavors, dyes, fillers, care products, growth factors, hormones, vitamins, trace elements, fats, acids, bases, bleaching agents, alcohol, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, hydrogels, and the like.

[0068] It is also conceivable to use the capsules of the one-component capsule system or the two-component capsule system in the field of detergents. Thus, the capsules may at least partially contain one or more fragrances, dyes, detergents, surfactants, alcohols, acids, bases, bleaches, enzymes, etc.

[0069] It is also conceivable that the capsules of the one-component capsule system or the two-component capsule system are used in the field of diagnostic methods. Thus, the capsules can at least partially contain contrast media, fluorescent substances and / or dyes.

[0070] In particular, it is conceivable that the homogeneous and / or heterogeneous functionalized capsule groups of the two-component capsule system are covalently bound to each other. In particular, it is conceivable that the homogeneous and / or heterogeneous functionalized capsule groups of the two-component capsule system are covalently bound to each other by interlinking and / or interlinking. The two capsule groups can be filled with respectively different substances, such as different dyes. It is conceivable that a capsule group empties itself by a specific activation mechanism in a specific activity, while another capsule group empties itself by a specific activation mechanism in a second specific activity. When these two activities occur, the two capsule contents mix, thereby producing a specific color.

[0071] It is also conceivable that the carrier material is formed with at least one functional group in order to be able to bind to the surface of the functionalized capsules.

[0072] In particular, it is conceivable that at least one region of the surface to be bonded is formed with functional groups. In addition, the capsules of the one-component capsule system and the multi-component capsule system can be formed with functional groups as described above. The capsules are then covalently bonded to the functionalized surface by crosslinking. By activating the capsules, the adhesive is emptied and / or mixed with each other, thereby generating the adhesive properties.

[0073] Furthermore, the surface of the carrier material of the adhesive tape can be functionalized. Single-component and multi-component systems are mixed into the pressure-sensitive adhesive. In the next step, parts of the capsule complex are bonded to the surface of the carrier material.

[0074] In another exemplary embodiment, the capsule composite may be applied over all or part of the surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive.

[0075] Capsules can generally be made by solvent evaporation, thermal gelation, gel formation, interfacial polycondensation, polymerization, spray drying, fluidized bed, droplet freezing, extrusion, supercritical fluid, coacervation, air suspension, pan coating (pan coating), coextrusion, solvent extraction, molecular incorporation, spray crystallization, phase separation, emulsion, in situ polymerization, insolubility, interfacial deposition, emulsification with nanomolecular sieves, ionotropic gelation, coacervate phase separation, matrix polymerization, interfacial crosslinking, coagulation, centrifugal extrusion and / or one or more other methods.

[0076] The capsules can generally be manufactured by physical methods, chemical methods, physicochemical methods and / or the like.

[0077] The shell of the capsule may generally comprise at least one polymer, wax resin, protein, polysaccharide, gum arabic, maltodextrin, inulin, metal, ceramic, acrylate, microgel, phase change material, and / or one or more other substances.

[0078] The shell of the capsule may generally not be porous or not completely porous. The shell of the capsule may generally be almost completely impermeable or completely impermeable.

[0079] The core of the capsule can generally be solid, liquid and / or gas. The core of the capsule can also include at least one phase change material, an enzyme, a carotenoid, a living cell, at least one phenolic compound, and the like.

[0080] In general, the capsules can be formed from linear polymers, multivalent polymers, star-shaped polyethylene glycols, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), carbon nanotubes, ring-shaped polymers, dendrimers, ladder polymers and / or similar substances.

[0081] Possible protecting groups include acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, β-methoxyethoxymethyl ether, methoxytriyl, 4-(methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, dimethoxytrityl, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, methoxymethyl ether, p-methoxybenzyl ether, methylthiomethyl ether, pivaloyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, trityl, triphenylmethyl, silyl ether, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triisopropylsiloxymethyl, triisopropyl methyl ester, benzyl ester, tert-butyl ester, 2,6-disubstituted phenol ester (e.g. 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), silyl ester, orthoester, Oxazoline, etc.

[0082] Possible materials for capsule coating include albumin, gelatin, curcumin, agarose, chitosan, starch, carrageenan, polystarch, polydextran, lactide, glycolide and copolymers, polyalkyl cyanoacrylates, polyanhydrides, polyethyl methacrylate, acrolein, glycidyl methacrylate, epoxy polymers, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, arabinogalactan, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene polymethacrylate, polyamide (nylon), polyethylene vinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, silicone (or organosilicon), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), paraffin, carnauba oil, spermaceti, beeswax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, zein, hydrogels, and the like.

[0083] Possible functional groups include alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, phenyl substituents, benzyl substituents, vinyls, allyls, carbenes, halogenated alkyls, phenols, ethers, epoxides, ethers, peroxides, ozonides, aldehydes, hydrates, imines, oximes, hydrazones, hemiacetals, hemiketals, lactols, acetals / ketals, amine acetals, carbonates, carboxylates, lactones, orthoesters, anhydrides, imides, carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid derivatives, amides, lactams, peroxyacids, nitriles, carbamates, ureas, guanidines, carbodiimides, amines, anilines, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, hydrazones, azo compounds, nitro compounds, thiols, mercaptanes, sulfides, phosphines, p-ylenes, p-ylidenes, biotin, streptavidin, metallocenes, and the like.

[0084] Possible release mechanisms include diffusion, dissolution, degradation control, erosion, etc.

[0085] It is conceivable that there is a combined release mechanism.

[0086] Possible linkers include biopolymers, proteins, silk, polysaccharides, cellulose, starch, chitin (chitin), nucleic acids, synthetic polymers, homopolymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polylactams, natural rubber, polyisoprene, copolymers, random copolymers, gradient copolymers, alternating copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), butyl rubber, polymer blends, polymer alloys, inorganic polymers, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazenes, polysilazanes, ceramics, basalts, isotactic polymers, syndiotactic polymers, atactic polymers, linear polymers, cross-linked polymers, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermosetting polymers, semicrystalline linkers, thermoplastics, cis-trans polymers, conductive polymers, and supramolecular polymers.

[0087] The linker can be any form of connection between the capsule and the functional group.

[0088] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a multi-component system. It is provided that in a method for producing a multi-component system having at least one first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present in the form of a plurality of substance parts, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, the method comprises the following steps:

[0089] - forming a first material portion with at least one first functional group and a first linker,

[0090] - forming a second material portion with at least one second functional group and a second linker,

[0091] - the first functional group reacts with the second functional group through a predetermined interaction, thereby connecting them to each other, and

[0092] - The distance between the functional group and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker.

[0093] In particular, it can be provided that the first material part is formed with at least one third functional group and is provided with a third linker, wherein the third functional groups each have at least one protective group, so that only the correspondingly functionalized material part of the first material is bound to the material part of the first material, and wherein the method further comprises at least the following steps: the protective group is initially present and is only removed when the first material parts are connected to each other via the third functional group. This prevents material parts of the first material, in particular capsules, from already and initially connecting to other material parts of the first material. The protective group can be removed after providing in the form of a gaseous, low-viscosity, liquid, high-viscosity or solid phase, whereby inlining occurs.

[0094] The multi-component system may be a multi-component system as described above.

[0095] Possible areas of application of the method or system according to the invention include biotechnology, cosmetics, the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, the chemical industry, agriculture, packaging technology, waste recycling, the textile industry, the production of fiber composite materials, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, medical technology, microtechnology, the automotive industry, paints, varnishes, etc.

[0096] The use of the methods and / or systems described above and below is therefore explicitly disclosed, alone or in combination, for one of the following applications: biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food industry, chemical industry, agriculture, packaging technology, waste recycling, textile industry, production of fiber composite materials, electrical engineering (e.g. in connection with the connection of electronic components, chip technology, etc.), mechanical engineering, medical technology, microtechnology, automotive industry, etc. In particular, the following should be mentioned in the cosmetics sector:

[0097] There are many two-phase or multi-phase products in cosmetics. Usually there is an aqueous component and an oily component. With 2K microencapsulation technology, the two phases can be mixed into a solution in a defined ratio.

[0098] In another exemplary embodiment, a two-phase product with 2K capsules can be applied to a cotton pad in a defined ratio. On the one hand, this has the following advantages: the substance does not dry out and can therefore be stored in normal packaging; in addition, the efficiency of the substance's action is significantly improved with the same material used. The synergistic effect of the two substances can also be used in creams, masks, etc.

[0099] In general, the principles described above for two-phase systems are applicable to all multi-phase systems.

[0100] Furthermore, the principles of increasing the yield in a reaction and / or making the reaction proceed more efficiently can be used quite generally.

[0101] In the area of ​​product development, for example, self-healing products can be considered:

[0102] 2K systems can also be used for self-healing products. In one variant, the monomer is in one capsule and the activator or second monomer is in another capsule. Through targeted activation, the capsule complex reacts with the surrounding medium and connects the fragments to each other.

[0103] For example, capsules can be introduced into paper. In one capsule are sugar monomers, in another capsule are the corresponding enzymes. By activation, for example by UV radiation, the capsules are broken up, the enzymes bind the corresponding sugar monomers to the fibers, and then the fragments are repaired again.

[0104] The same principle can be applied to fibers, especially plastic fibers. The monomers will be in one capsule and the initiator for polymerization will be in another phase.

[0105] This principle also applies to paints (or pigments), varnishes and many other materials. Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained based on exemplary embodiments which are shown in more detail in the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0106] The accompanying drawings show:

[0107] Figure 1 According to an exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system of the present invention having a first substance and a second substance;

[0108] Figure 2 According to another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system of the present invention having a first substance and a second substance;

[0109] Figure 3 according to Figure 1 or Figure 2 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0110] Figure 4 according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0111] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of the interlinking according to the invention of two different substance portions / capsules;

[0112] Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of the in-line connection according to the invention of two identical substance portions / capsule groups;

[0113] Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of a two-component system according to the present invention;

[0114] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of an inline capsule system according to the present invention;

[0115] Fig. 9 according to Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of an interlinked and inline dual component system according to the present invention;

[0116] Fig.10 A flow chart of the workflow for manufacturing a two-component adhesive tape according to the present invention;

[0117] Fig.11A An exemplary embodiment of an inline capsule of a one-component system according to the present invention;

[0118] Fig. 11B Exemplary embodiments of inline capsules and uncrosslinked gas-filled capsules of a one-component system according to the present invention;

[0119] Fig. 12A Exemplary embodiments of interlinked and interlinked capsules of a two-component system according to the present invention;

[0120] Fig. 12B Schematic diagram of interlinked and interlinked capsules and non-crosslinked gas-filled capsules of the multi-component system according to the present invention;

[0121] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the incorporation ratio of microcapsules in a two-component system according to the present invention; and

[0122] Fig.14 Schematic representation of the combination according to the invention of microcapsules of the same size but with different functionalizations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0123] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention having a first substance and a second substance is shown.

[0124] In this exemplary embodiment, the multi-component system is activatable.

[0125] The first substance and the second substance may exist in a plurality of substance parts.

[0126] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance is present in the capsule group K1 .

[0127] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion is the first capsule K1 .

[0128] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance is present in the capsule group K2.

[0129] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the second substance portion is the second capsule K2.

[0130] Typically, substance portions of the first substance and / or the second substance may be arranged in capsules K, in particular nanocapsules and / or microcapsules.

[0131] The substance parts in K1 and K2 each form a core C (also called core), which is surrounded by a capsule shell S (also called shell). It is therefore a "core-shell" structure. However, in principle, core-shell-shell structures are also conceivable.

[0132] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion is formed with at least one first functional group R2 and is provided with a first linker L1.

[0133] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance portion is formed with at least one second functional group R21 and is provided with a second linker L2.

[0134] In this exemplary embodiment, the first functional group R2 reacts with the second functional group R21 through a predetermined interaction and they are connected to each other.

[0135] In this exemplary embodiment, the distance between the functional group and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker L.

[0136] Figure 2-6 The capsule shown in Figure 1 The capsules K1 and K2 shown in FIG. 1 are constructed identically.

[0137] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion is formed with at least one first functional group R2 and is provided with a first linker L1.

[0138] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance portion is formed with at least one second functional group R21 and is provided with a second linker L2.

[0139] In this exemplary embodiment, the first functional group R2 reacts with the second functional group R21 through a predetermined interaction and they are connected to each other.

[0140] In this exemplary embodiment, the distance between the functional group and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker L.

[0141] The first connector L1 is longer than the second connector L2. Figure 2 .

[0142] Alternatively, the second connector L2 may be longer than the first connector L1.

[0143] Alternatively, the two links L1 and L2 are of the same length.

[0144] Figure 3 Shown according to Figure 1 or Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the invention.

[0145] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion and the second substance portion are different.

[0146] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K1 of the first capsule group are different from the capsules K2 of the second capsule group.

[0147] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance portion is connected or connectable to a greater number of substance portions than the second substance portion.

[0148] In other words, in this exemplary embodiment, the capsule K1 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the capsule K2 .

[0149] As an alternative, it is possible that the second substance portion is connected or connectable to a greater number of substance portions than the first substance portion.

[0150] In other words, it is possible that the capsule K2 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the capsule K1 .

[0151] Figure 4 Shown according to Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Another exemplary embodiment of the multi-component system according to the invention is shown in FIG.

[0152] In this exemplary embodiment, the first mass portion and the second mass portion have significantly different sizes.

[0153] In this exemplary embodiment, the first capsule K1 is substantially larger in size than the second capsule K2 .

[0154] Typically, the capsules K1 for the first substance may have a different size than the capsules K2 for the second substance, in particular wherein the capsules K1 for the first substance are larger than the capsules K2 for the second substance.

[0155] Alternatively, the second substance portion has a substantially larger size than the first substance portion.

[0156] Alternatively, the first substance portion and the second substance portion may be of substantially the same size.

[0157] Not shown, the first substance portions may have substantially the same size and / or the second substance portions may have substantially the same size.

[0158] Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of an indirect connection according to the invention of two different material parts is shown.

[0159] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 are interconnected.

[0160] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 are linked via functional groups R2 and R21.

[0161] Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of the in-line according to the invention of two identical material portions is shown.

[0162] In this exemplary embodiment, two capsules K1 are connected inline.

[0163] In this exemplary embodiment, two capsules K1 are interconnected via the functional group R2-R2.

[0164] Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of a two-component system according to the invention is shown.

[0165] In this exemplary embodiment, the two-component system is a two-component microcapsule system.

[0166] In this exemplary embodiment, the two-component system is a two-component microcapsule system that has not yet reacted with each other through a predetermined interaction.

[0167] In particular, two different capsule groups K1 and K2 are shown, wherein a first substance is in a first capsule K1 and a second substance is in a second capsule K2.

[0168] The capsules K1 and K2 shown represent by way of example a large number of capsules K1 and K2 , for example referred to as a capsule group.

[0169] In this exemplary embodiment, the first substance in one capsule K1 is a first adhesive component.

[0170] In this exemplary embodiment, the second substance in the second capsule K2 is a second adhesive component.

[0171] In other words, the first substance and the second substance are components of a multi-component adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive.

[0172] Typically, two different capsule populations K1 and K2 are produced in separate batch reactors.

[0173] The capsules K1 and K2 of the two capsule populations are functionalized.

[0174] The first capsule K1 is formed with two different linkers L1 and L3 of different lengths and different functional groups R1 and R2 on the surface (surface functionalized).

[0175] In other words, the functional group R is heterogeneous.

[0176] In an alternative embodiment, the functional groups R may be homogeneous.

[0177] The second capsule K2 is formed by the linker L2 and the functional group R21.

[0178] The functional group R21 of the second capsule K2 covalently reacts with the functional group R2 of the first capsule K1.

[0179] In this exemplary embodiment, it is possible that the first capsule K1 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the second capsule K2 .

[0180] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, it is possible that the second capsule K2 is connected or connectable to a greater number of capsules K than the first capsule K1 .

[0181] The linker L3 and the functional group R1 should crosslink (interlink) the first capsules K1 with each other.

[0182] Capsule K2 is covalently bonded to the first capsule K1 via linker L1 and functional group R2 and linker L2 and functional group R21 (interlinking).

[0183] By activating the two capsules K1 and K2, the contents of capsules K1 and K2 can be released, which results in mixing of the two components.

[0184] Generally, the number of second capsules K2 combined with the first capsules K1 may be determined by the density of surface functionalization or the number of functional groups R2 of the first capsules K1.

[0185] Generally, two reactive substances can be encapsulated separately from each other in capsules K1 and K2 and bound in a certain ratio by covalent (eg, linking chemistry (click chemistry)), weak interaction, biochemical (eg, biotin-streptavidin) or other means.

[0186] Two or more different capsules Kn may generally encapsulate two or more different substances, such as reactive substances.

[0187] Typically, different capsules Kn can be formed with more than two linkers Ln and different functional groups Rn.

[0188] Generally, the linker L can be any form of connection between the capsule and the functional group.

[0189] Typically, in the case of heterogeneous functionalization, the functional group R is used to bind to a surface, fiber or textile.

[0190] As with existing capsule systems, any conceivable substance can be introduced into capsules K1 and / or K2 and / or Kn.

[0191] Activation of the two-component system can be achieved by at least one change in pressure, pH, UV radiation, penetration, temperature, light intensity, moisture, and the like.

[0192] In general, the two-component encapsulation system can be implemented in any medium.

[0193] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of an inline capsule system according to the present invention is shown.

[0194] In this exemplary embodiment, the inline capsule system according to the invention is an inline microcapsule system.

[0195] Shown is a one component system.

[0196] Shown is a capsule group K1.

[0197] The capsule K1 is filled with a substance.

[0198] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsule K1 is filled with a binder.

[0199] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsule K1 is filled with a one-component adhesive.

[0200] As an alternative, the capsule K1 may be filled with any conceivable gaseous, solid, viscous and / or liquid substance.

[0201] As an alternative, the capsule K1 can also be filled with living organisms and / or viruses.

[0202] Capsules K1 are functionalized.

[0203] The capsule K1 is provided with a connector L3.

[0204] Not shown, capsule K1 is formed with functional group R1 (on linker L3).

[0205] The linkers L3 cross-link (interlink) the capsules K1 with each other.

[0206] The distance between the capsules K1 can be determined by the length of the connector L3.

[0207] Depending on the density of the surface functionalization R1, the degree of interconnection of the capsules K1 can be determined.

[0208] The length of the linker L3 is chosen so that the radius of the contents of a capsule K1 emptied of liquid slightly overlaps the contents of an adjacent capsule K1 to ensure cross-linking.

[0209] In the case of a more viscous environmental medium (such as tape), the length of the connector L3 should be selected to be smaller than in the case of a less viscous medium (such as a paste or liquid).

[0210] Fig. 9 Shown according to Figure 7 Exemplary embodiments of the interlinked and interlinked two-component systems according to the present invention.

[0211] The first capsule K1 and the second capsule K2 are filled with different substances.

[0212] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K1 are of substantially the same size.

[0213] In this exemplary embodiment, the capsules K2 are substantially identical in size.

[0214] In this exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 have different sizes.

[0215] In an alternative exemplary embodiment, capsule K1 and capsule K2 may have substantially the same size.

[0216] The basic system corresponds to Figure 8 .

[0217] Furthermore, the first capsule K1 is heterogeneously formed with a connector L1.

[0218] The second capsule group K2 is bound to the linker L1, see Figure 1 .

[0219] In other words, the multi-component system has a network structure with gaps, wherein the network structure is formed by the first capsules K1 and wherein at least one capsule K2 is arranged at least in sections in each gap.

[0220] In general, two-component capsules K1 and K2 with different contents can be introduced into the gas phase. These can be used, for example, in inhalation devices or other drug delivery systems. The unactivated capsules reach the site of action and are activated there and release the contents. Surfaces can also be coated with such dispersions.

[0221] In general, two-component capsules K1 and K2 with different contents can be introduced into a pasty medium. For example, a two-component adhesive can be used for this purpose. The paste is inactive and can be processed well until the capsules are activated and react with each other. As mentioned above, the ideal mixing ratio of the adhesive is determined by the ratio of the first and second capsules K1 and K2.

[0222] The advantages of the ideal composition of the two-component capsule system can also be used for liquid systems. Since the capsules K1 and K2 of the two-component capsule system are in close proximity, the capsules K1 and K2 are likely to react with each other in a faster and more defined manner than if they were alone in the dispersion.

[0223] Fig.10 A flow chart showing the workflow for producing the two-component adhesive tape according to the present invention.

[0224] Fig.10 Basically based on Figure 7 Two-component capsule system.

[0225] In general, the production of the two-component adhesive tape according to the present invention is divided into four steps S1-S4.

[0226] In a first step S1, the first capsule K1 and the second capsule K2 are functionalized, see Figure 7 .

[0227] In the present two-component system, the first capsule K1 having two linkers L1 and L3 is heterogeneously formed with functional groups R1 and R2.

[0228] In a separate batch process, a second capsule population K2 having a linker L2 is functionalized with functional groups R21.

[0229] The functional group R21 is selected such that it reacts (covalently) with the functional group R2 of the first capsule K1 in a subsequent reaction step.

[0230] In a second step S2 , the functionalized second capsules K2 are added to the functionalized first capsules K1 .

[0231] The functional groups R2 and R21 are (covalently) bonded to each other (interlinked).

[0232] Generally, a third or any number of further capsule groups K3 -Kn may be added to the first capsule group K1 and / or the second capsule group K2 .

[0233] Each further capsule group K3-Kn can in turn be functionalized with at least one functional group.

[0234] In a third step S3 , the heterogeneous capsule dispersion from the previous step S2 is introduced into the still low-viscosity pressure-sensitive adhesive, here the adhesive tape B.

[0235] A predetermined (intra-group) cross-linking reaction takes place, which develops over the entire area of ​​the adhesive tape B.

[0236] In a fourth step S4 , the crosslinked two-component capsule population is applied and the adhesive tape B is dried.

[0237] Here, the viscosity of tape B increases significantly, but the network remains evenly distributed on the tape.

[0238] It has been shown that in step S1 , in order that the first capsules K1 do not prematurely crosslink with one another during the functionalization process, protective groups SG can also be formed on the functional groups R1 of the linkers L3 .

[0239] It is also shown that the protecting group SG is removed in step S3.

[0240] Not shown, the capsule K1 can be inlined by removing the protecting groups.

[0241] Possible applications in different environmental media are:

[0242] Based on the workflow described here for producing the two-component adhesive tape according to the invention, the two-component capsule system can alternatively be used for other media and all encapsulated substances.

[0243] In particular, gaseous, liquid, pasty, low-viscosity and high-viscosity media as well as solid surface coatings are conceivable as ambient media.

[0244] Generally, the capsule K can be designed as a nanocapsule or a microcapsule (or a microcapsule).

[0245] In general, the method is capable of producing a further multi-component system having at least one first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present as a plurality of substance parts, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, the method comprising the following steps:

[0246] - forming the first material part with at least one first functional group R2 and a first linker L1,

[0247] - forming the second substance portion with at least one second functional group R21 and a second linker L2,

[0248] - the first functional group R2 reacts with the second functional group R21 through a predetermined interaction, thereby connecting them to each other, and

[0249] The distance between the functional group R and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker L.

[0250] Typically, the first material portion may be formed with at least one third functional group R1 and provided with a third linker L3.

[0251] Typically, the third functional group R1 can in each case have at least one protecting group SG, so that only appropriately functionalized substance moieties of the first substance can be bound to the substance moiety of the first substance.

[0252] Typically, the process also comprises at least the step that the protecting group SG is initially present and is removed only when the first substance moieties are linked to one another via the third functional group R1.

[0253] In general, the functional group R1 can in each case have at least one protecting group, so that only appropriately functionalized substance moieties of the second substance can be bound to the substance moiety of the first substance.

[0254] Furthermore, it is generally possible that the method for producing the multicomponent system also comprises at least the step that the protecting group is initially present and is removed only when the first and second substance moieties are linked to one another via the first and second functional groups R2, R21.

[0255] Fig.11A A schematic diagram showing inline capsules of a one-component system in a high viscosity system according to the present invention.

[0256] In this exemplary embodiment, Figure 8 The cross-linked one-component system described in is introduced into the high viscosity system.

[0257] The high-tack system is Tape B.

[0258] As an alternative, other highly viscous, liquid, gaseous, pasty or low-viscosity systems are conceivable.

[0259] In this exemplary embodiment, the adhesive tape B is a single-sided adhesive tape B.

[0260] As an alternative, a double-sided embodiment of the adhesive tape B is also possible.

[0261] In the case of high-viscosity systems, there are usually diffusion problems, so that the contents of capsules K1 in adhesive tape B do not crosslink between the two materials to be bonded.

[0262] As a result of the crosslinking of the one-component system (intra-group), the distance and degree of crosslinking of the capsules K1 can be selected such that the contents of the capsules K1 form a crosslinked system via the highly viscous adhesive.

[0263] This basic principle can also be extended to Fig. 12A A two-component system is shown. There, (inter-group and intra-group) cross-linking mechanisms are used.

[0264] It is not shown that the two-component system can also only be introduced into the adhesive tape with the capsule K1 and the capsule K2 being previously interconnected.

[0265] Fig. 11B Schematic diagrams of inline capsules and non-crosslinked gas-filled capsules of a one-component system according to the present invention are shown.

[0266] As an alternative, the uncrosslinked capsules can also be filled with solid or liquid substances.

[0267] In addition to Fig.11A In addition to the inline capsules K1 of the one-component system, a group of further uncrosslinked gas-filled capsules KG can be introduced into the high-viscosity adhesive, such as the tape B, which release gas when bursting, thereby either creating free space for the liquid component of the capsules K1 or making it possible to remove the tape again.

[0268] Furthermore, it is conceivable to introduce soluble spacers into the adhesive tape B, such as fibers or the like.

[0269] In this way, channels are created in which the liquid adhesive of capsule K1 can spread and crosslink over a large area within adhesive tape B.

[0270] Another possibility is to place the liquid-filled capsules K1 into a tube which is then introduced into the adhesive tape B.

[0271] In this way, cross-linking can occur over the length of the tube.

[0272] This basic principle can also be extended to Fig. 12B The two-component system shown.

[0273] Here, inline and inline mechanisms are used.

[0274] In addition to the first capsules K1 of the one-component system, a second capsule group K2 is introduced.

[0275] This mechanism allows the introduction of a two-component adhesive system into the adhesive tape B.

[0276] The system described is not limited to a one-component capsule system or a two-component capsule system.

[0277] Depending on the size and functionalization of the respective system, any number of capsule populations Kn can be bound to one another and crosslinked to one another.

[0278] By combining the individual components, a very wide range of new functions and thus new application possibilities can be developed.

[0279] The following is an example of the preparation of polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules:

[0280] First, 2.5 g of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was dissolved in 11.5 ml of toluene. Then oil was added for stirring. For microencapsulation, the uniform solution was added to 45 ml of a 1 wt% concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The emulsion was stirred at 800 rpm for 30 minutes. Then toluene was evaporated. The microcapsules K with PMMA coating material obtained in this way were washed with distilled water and centrifuged at 5,000 rpm and dried overnight at 50 ° C in a vacuum oven.

[0281] The surface of the microcapsules is then silanized. The microcapsules are placed in a fluidized bed reactor. A 5% strength aqueous solution of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) is used as coating material. After the coating process is complete, the microcapsules are dried in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 1 hour to ensure optimal bonding of the aminosilane to the surface. In addition, the surface of the microcapsules K can be activated with oxygen plasma before the reaction.

[0282] For the interlinking of two capsule populations K1 and K2 (capsules K with different contents), the complementary capsule population K can be functionalized with carboxyl groups. Here, the procedure is similar to the above silanization. However, silane-PEG-COOH is used instead of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES).

[0283] The capsules K can then be sieved with sieves having different apertures to increase the monodispersity. This has the advantage that the volume ratio of the two capsule contents can be determined accurately by the size of the capsules K during the subsequent combining process.

[0284] Microcapsule binding is then performed. The first microcapsule K1 is functionalized with a primary amine, while the second microcapsule K2 is functionalized with a carboxyl group. In the next step, 80 μl of a 10% concentration of a carboxyl-functionalized microcapsule suspension is added to an aqueous solution, and 7 μl of a 2M (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) solution (EDC solution) and 7 μl of a 0.3M N-hydroxysuccinimide solution (NHS solution) are added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The carboxyl functional group is converted into an active ester. The amine microcapsules K1 are then added to the solution in the same proportion as the carboxyl microcapsules K2 and gently stirred at room temperature for two hours to bind to each other. The capsules are then filtered out through a sieve, washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 1 hour.

[0285] exist Fig.13 It can be seen that most of the microcapsules K are combined with each other in a 1:1 ratio.

[0286] Furthermore, some microcapsules K were bound to each other in a ratio of 1:2 or not at all.

[0287] In order to ensure the quality of the two-component microcapsules K, the microcapsules K are then purified by passing through sieves with different pore sizes according to their size or binding ratio. The number of functional groups on the microcapsules K also affects the binding ratio of the microcapsules K.

[0288] Microcapsules K of the same size (eg 8 μm) but with different functionalizations can be bound to one another. In the case of functionalization with linear polymers, a 1:1 binding prevails, see Fig.14 In the case of functionalization with polymers having multiple valencies, threefold binding prevails.

[0289] Functionalization of microcapsules can also be performed by adsorption.

[0290] Particularly in the case of microcapsules with a plastic surface, the functionalization of the microcapsules can be carried out by adsorption. Preferred examples of plastic surfaces are acrylic resins, polylactic acid, nylon 6 and 12, epoxy resins and polystyrene.

[0291] Alkyl chains or primary amines are preferably used for adsorption on the microcapsule surface.

[0292] The second functional group can be freely selected and can therefore be used for the incorporation of microcapsules in the next step.

[0293] The plastic surface of the microcapsules can be produced directly in the microencapsulation process or in a second step by means of multilayer microcapsules obtained in this way.

[0294] In an alternative embodiment, the second population of microcapsules may be made and / or coated with metal particles or metal shells.

[0295] Two microcapsule populations were added with 4-aminobenzenethiol as a binder for the two microcapsule populations.

[0296] The primary amines bind to the microcapsules with plastic surface by adsorption, and the thiol groups bind to the metal surface.

[0297] Furthermore, functionalization during the microencapsulation process described in WO2017192407 is also possible.

[0298] Thus, for example, a mixture (about 500 ml) containing water (20 ml), ethyl acetate (5 ml), sodium bicarbonate (0.580 g), about 1.0 mg of Sudan Black and a drop of Tween 20 was vigorously mixed at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer (5 minutes at 500 rpm). 77 mg of 1,3-bischlorosulfonylbenzene was added to the mixture and then stirred for about 3 minutes. The mixture was then treated with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and stirred vigorously for another 72 hours. In order to observe the reaction occurring in the mixture, an aliquot was taken out 30 minutes after the start of the vigorous stirring, and thereafter an aliquot was taken out every 12 hours. When observed under a microscope, the aliquot showed the formation of capsules with a diameter of 1 to 2 microns, which contained Sudan Black dye. The reaction ended after a few hours. It is speculated that the capsules have multiple -COOH groups on the surface.

[0299] Functionalization can also be performed during the microencapsulation process using other methods described in WO2017192407.

[0300] Thus, the second part of the material can be made in a separate batch process using the same method, but with primary amines on the surface.

[0301] The microcapsule population with COOH on the surface can then be activated using EDC / NHS as in the previous example, an amine capsule population is added and the capsules are covalently bound to each other. In the next step, the capsules can be washed (filtered if necessary) and dried. The capsules obtained in this way can then be introduced into a further environmental medium.

[0302] Another conceivable production method is described, for example, in Yip, J and Luk, MYA, Antimicrobial Textiles, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 2016, pp. 19-46, 3-Microencapsultion technologies for antimicrobial textiles.

[0303] It is conceivable that the microcapsules with metal particles can also be applied by electrical charging.

[0304] Inlining is possible.

[0305] It is conceivable that after the microcapsules with metal particles on the surface are produced, the mixture of alcohol and thiol (SAM polymer) is added to the capsules.

[0306] In the case of functionalized thiols, the second functional group can be selected as desired. The thiol bond binds to the metal surface. The remainder, i.e., the second functional group of the thiol molecule, can be used as a functional group for microcapsule binding.

[0307] By selecting one or more SAM polymers added to the microcapsules, the surface functional groups can be made homogeneous or heterogeneous.

[0308] Furthermore, the length of the linker can be determined by the appropriate thiol.

[0309] In an exemplary embodiment, ethanethiol may be selected for a short linker. For a longer linker, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid may be selected.

[0310] Furthermore, the thus functionalized surface of the microcapsule can be conjugated to a second polymer, for example to PEG, to further increase the length of the linker.

[0311] As SAM surface, disulfide, phosphoric acid, silane, thiol and polyelectrolyte can be used. In particular, acetylcysteine, dimercaptosuccinic acid, dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid, ethanethiol (ethanethiol (Ethylmercaptan)), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), captopril, coenzyme A, cysteine, penicillamine, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, glutathione, homocysteine, mesna, methyl mercaptan (methyl mercaptan (Methylmercaptan)) and / or thiophenol can be used.

[0312] Interlinking is possible.

[0313] Microcapsules having metal nanoparticles can be produced in the manner described above.

[0314] The mixture of alcohol and disulfide may then be added.

[0315] The functional group R is protected.

[0316] In this way, the microcapsules are functionalized.

[0317] The number or density of functionalization and thus the number of functional groups can then be determined by the number of metal nanoparticles on the microcapsule surface. It is thus possible to determine the number of microcapsules K2 which react with each other by interlinking or interlinking.

[0318] In a next step, the microcapsules can be introduced into the desired environmental medium, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive (or the like).

[0319] It is conceivable to use 4-isocyanatebutane-1-thiol for crosslinking, the NCO groups being protected.

[0320] The removal of the protective groups and thus the activation of the functional groups R takes place here in the still low-viscosity pressure-sensitive adhesive. The NCO groups released in this way can crosslink with one another in an aqueous environment (eg the solvent in the pressure-sensitive adhesive) to form ureas.

[0321] Reference numerals

[0322] B tape

[0323] C core

[0324] K capsule / capsule group

[0325] K1 capsule 1 / capsule group 1

[0326] K2 capsule 2 / capsule group 2

[0327] K3 capsule 3 / capsule group 2

[0328] Kn capsule n / capsule group n

[0329] KG Gas Capsules

[0330] L Connector

[0331] L1 linker 1

[0332] L2 Connector 2

[0333] R functional group

[0334] R1 functional group 1

[0335] R2 functional group 2

[0336] R21 functional group 21

[0337] S capsule, shell

[0338] S1 Step 1

[0339] S2 Step 2

[0340] S3 Step 3

[0341] S4 Step 4

[0342] SG Protecting Group

Claims

1. A multi-component system having at least one first substance and a second substance, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present as a plurality of substance parts, wherein the first substance part is formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and is provided with a first linker (L1) and wherein the second substance part is formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and is provided with a second linker (L2), wherein the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) via a predetermined interaction and they are connected to each other and wherein the distance between the functional group and the corresponding substance part is determined by the corresponding linker (L).

2. The multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first linker (L1) is longer than the second linker (L2), or vice versa.

3. The multi-component system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The first substance portion and the second substance portion differ in that the first substance portion is connected or connectable to a greater number of substance portions than the second substance portion, or vice versa.

4. The multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that The functional groups (R) are homogeneous or heterogeneous.

5. The multi-component system according to claim 1 , characterized in that The first material portions have substantially the same size and / or the second material portions have substantially the same size.

6. The multicomponent system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first material portion and the second material portion have different sizes.

7. The multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-component system has a network structure with gaps, wherein the network structure is formed by material parts of the first substance, wherein at least one material part of the second substance is arranged at least in sections in the gaps.

8. The multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that The substance parts of the first substance and / or the second substance are arranged in capsules (K), in particular in nanocapsules and / or microcapsules.

9. The multi-component system according to claim 1, characterized in that The capsules (K1) for the first substance have a different size than the capsules (K2) for the second substance, in particular wherein the capsules (K1) for the first substance are larger than the capsules (K2) for the second substance.

10. The multi-component system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that The capsules (K1) for the first substance have the same size.

11. The multicomponent system according to claim 1, characterized in that The activation of the multi-component system is carried out by at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, penetration, temperature, light intensity, light humidity, and the like.

12. The multicomponent system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first substance and the second substance are components of a multi-component adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive.

13. A method for producing a multi-component system having at least one first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present as a plurality of substance parts, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, the method comprising the following steps: - forming the first substance portion with at least one first functional group (R2) and a first linker (L1), - forming the second substance portion with at least one second functional group (R21) and a second linker (L2), - the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) through a predetermined interaction, thereby connecting them to each other, and - The distance between the functional groups (R2, R21) and the corresponding substance moieties is determined by the corresponding linkers (L).

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The first substance part is formed with at least one third functional group (R1) and is provided with a third linker (L3), wherein the third functional group (R1) in each case has at least one protecting group (SG) so that only appropriately functionalized substance parts of the first substance can be bound to the substance part of the first substance, and wherein the method also includes at least the following step: the protecting group (SG) is initially present and is only removed when the first substance parts are to be connected to each other via the third functional group (R1).

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The multi-component system is a multi-component system according to one of claims 1 to 12 .

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