Proppant laying experimental device, manufacturing method and experimental method

Abstract

The invention provides a proppant laying experimental device, a manufacturing method and an experimental method. The proppant laying experimental device comprises a crack simulation device, a fracturing fluid supply assembly, a fracturing fluid recovery assembly and a data acquisition assembly. N reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged in the fracture simulation device, and the reservoir fractures and the interlayer fractures communicate with each other. The fracturing fluid supply assembly communicates with the reservoir fractures, and the fracturing fluid recovery assembly communicates with the reservoir fractures located on the top. The data acquisition assembly comprises a video acquisition device and a pressure detection device. During an experiment, the fracturing fluid supply assembly supplies fracturing fluid to one or more reservoir fractures, and the fracturing fluid is recovered by the fracturing fluid recovery assembly after passing through the fracture simulation device. In the process that fracturing fluid carries the proppant to flow, the pressure detection device continuously collects pressure values of the position where the pressure detection device is located, and the video collection device records a migration video of the proppant. In addition, the crack of the proppant laying experimental device provided by the invention is formed based on real crack modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas development, and in particular to a proppant laying experimental device, a manufacturing method and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] With the growing demand for oil and gas at home and abroad, the reserves and production of conventional oil and gas are declining year by year, and unconventional oil and gas are becoming more and more important, including shale gas, coalbed methane and tight gas. At present, hydraulic fracturing is still a relatively mature means of exploiting unconventional oil and gas, that is, injecting high-pressure fluid into the reservoir to fracture the reservoir rock to produce hydraulic fractures, and then injecting proppants to support the hydraulic fractures to prevent them from closing, providing high-speed flow channels for oil and gas. However, due to the presence of interlayers, proppants are very easy to be blocked when migrating in the fractures, making it impossible to fill subsequent fractures or filling them poorly, thereby affecting the conductivity of the hydraulic fractures, and then directly affecting the final effect of fracturing transformation.

[0003] At present, the existing experimental devices for simulating proppant migration in fractures do not consider the influence of the existence of interlayers on the migration and placement of proppant in reservoir fractures, and the morphology of the fractures used in the experimental study is quite different from that of real fractures. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a proppant paving experimental device, a manufacturing method and an experimental method, which aim to solve the problem that the experimental device for simulating proppant migration in a fracture in the related art does not consider the influence of the interlayer on the proppant migration in the fracture, and the fracture used in the experiment is quite different from the real fracture morphology.

[0005] The present invention provides a proppant paving experimental device, comprising: A fracture simulation device, wherein the edge of the fracture simulation device is closed, and n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged inside the fracture simulation device, the n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged alternately in the height direction, and the adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are interconnected, the reservoir fractures are modeled based on the reservoir rock fractures to be tested at a ratio of 1:m, and the interlayer fractures are modeled based on the interlayer rock fractures to be tested at a ratio of 1:m, m>1, and transparent materials are used in at least the region of the fracture simulation device where the reservoir fractures and the interlayer fractures are arranged; A fracturing fluid supply assembly, wherein a fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is in communication with n reservoir fractures; A fracturing fluid recovery assembly, wherein a fluid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is in communication with the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top; A data acquisition component, the data acquisition component includes a video acquisition device and a pressure detection device. The pressure detection device is arranged at the position where the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the crack simulation device and at the position where the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the crack simulation device. The shooting range of the video acquisition device covers all the areas corresponding to the reservoir cracks and the interlayer cracks.

[0006] According to the proppant paving experimental device provided by the present invention, the fracture simulation device comprises n reservoir fracture simulation units and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units, each of the reservoir fracture simulation units is provided with one reservoir fracture, each of the interlayer fracture simulation units is provided with one interlayer fracture, and the n reservoir fracture simulation units and the n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units are alternately arranged along the height direction; Wherein, the left and right sides of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit are both closed, the tops and bottoms of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located in the middle are both open, the top of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top is closed and the bottom is open, and the bottom of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the bottom is closed and the top is open; The reservoir fractures of each of the reservoir fracture simulation units are connected to the fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly, and the top of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top is connected to the fracturing fluid recovery assembly.

[0007] According to the proppant laying experimental device provided by the present invention, the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit both include a pair of opposite transparent plates and a sealing support assembly, the sealing support assembly is detachably connected between the pair of transparent plates and is located at the edge of the transparent plates, the sealing support assembly forms a gap between the pair of transparent plates, the two opposite sides of the two transparent plates constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit are modeled and formed based on the surface of the reservoir rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m, and the two opposite sides of the two transparent plates constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit are modeled and formed based on the surface of the interlayer rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m; The sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top only surrounds the left side, right side and top of the transparent plate, the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the bottom only surrounds the left side, right side and bottom of the transparent plate, and the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit located in the middle are only arranged on the left side and right side of the transparent plate; The sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit is provided with at least one perforation, and the perforation connects the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture. The liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the plurality of perforations. The top of the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top is provided with a liquid outlet hole, and the liquid outlet hole connects the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit. The liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the liquid outlet hole.

[0008] According to the proppant laying experimental device provided by the present invention, the sealing support assembly includes a support plate and a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket is arranged between the support plate and the transparent plate.

[0009] According to the proppant laying experimental device provided by the present invention, the fracturing fluid supply assembly includes a fracturing fluid tank, a liquid pump and a liquid supply pipeline, one end of the liquid supply pipeline is connected to the fracturing fluid tank, the other end of the liquid supply pipeline is connected to each of the reservoir fractures, and the liquid pump is connected in series to the liquid supply pipeline.

[0010] According to the proppant laying experimental device provided by the present invention, the fracturing fluid recovery assembly includes a drainage pipeline and a waste liquid tank, one end of the drainage pipeline is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top, and the other end of the drainage pipeline is connected to the waste liquid tank.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a proppant paving experimental device, which is used to manufacture the proppant paving experimental device as described above, and the manufacturing method comprises: Acquire three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures and interlayer rock fractures, and make n pairs of transparent plates of reservoir fracture simulation units based on the three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures, and make n-1 pairs of transparent plates of interlayer fracture simulation units based on the three-dimensional data of interlayer rock fractures, wherein the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates of the reservoir fracture simulation units to the surface size of the reservoir rock fractures is 1:m, and the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates of the interlayer fracture simulation units to the surface size of the interlayer rock fractures is 1:m, and m>1; Select a sealing support assembly of corresponding thickness, and install the sealing support assembly between the paired transparent plates to form the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit, wherein the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the left and right sides of the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit are both closed by the sealing support assembly, and the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located in the middle are open at the top and bottom, wherein the top of the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units is closed by the sealing support assembly, and the bottom is open, and the bottom of the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units is closed by the sealing support assembly, and the top is open; Alternately connecting n of the reservoir fracture simulation units and n-1 of the interlayer fracture simulation units in the height direction to form a fracture simulation unit, wherein the reservoir fracture simulation unit with the top of the reservoir fracture closed and the bottom open is arranged at the top, and the reservoir fracture simulation unit with the bottom of the reservoir fracture closed and the top open is arranged at the bottom; The fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the reservoir fractures of the n reservoir fracture simulation units, and the fluid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top.

[0012] According to the method for manufacturing a proppant paving experimental device provided by the present invention, n pairs of transparent plates of reservoir fracture simulation units are manufactured based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fractures, and n-1 pairs of transparent plates of interlayer fracture simulation units are manufactured based on the three-dimensional data of the interlayer rock fractures, comprising: Scanning the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface by using a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer fracture surface; Based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface, a three-dimensional mold model of the transparent plate of the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit is established by a computer; Based on the three-dimensional mold model, a mold for casting a transparent plate of the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit is manufactured; The transparent plates of the reservoir fracture simulation unit and the interlayer fracture simulation unit are cast using the mold.

[0013] The present invention also provides a proppant paving experimental method, which is implemented based on the proppant paving experimental device as described above, and the experimental method comprises: Prepare fracturing fluid and proppant according to experimental requirements; The fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is input into the fracture simulation device by using the fracturing fluid supply component, and the fracturing fluid recovery component recovers the fracturing fluid after passing through the fracture simulation device; When the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation device, a pressure detection device is used to collect the pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply component, and a pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery component is collected, and a video acquisition device is used to record the migration video of the proppant when the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation unit.

[0014] According to the proppant laying experimental method provided by the present invention, before the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is input into the fracture simulation device by using the fracturing fluid supply assembly, the method further includes: The experimental pumping displacement of the fracturing fluid is calculated by the following formula:

[0015] Where: is the experimental pumping displacement, in units of ; is the displacement of on-site construction, in units of ; is the height of the crack during on-site construction, in m; is the crack height of the crack simulation unit, in m; The width of the crack during on-site construction, in mm; is the crack width of the crack simulation unit, in mm.

[0016] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages: The proppant laying experimental device provided by the present invention comprises a fracture simulation device, a fracturing fluid supply component, a fracturing fluid recovery component and a data acquisition component. The edge of the fracture simulation device is closed, and n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged inside the fracture simulation device, the n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged alternately in the height direction, and adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are connected to each other. Transparent materials are used in the area where at least the reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are arranged in the fracture simulation device. The liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the n reservoir fractures, and the liquid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top. The data acquisition component comprises a video acquisition device and a pressure detection device, and the pressure detection device is arranged at the position where the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the fracture simulation device and the position where the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the fracture simulation device, and the shooting range of the video acquisition device covers the area corresponding to the reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures. When conducting the experiment, a fracturing fluid carrying a proppant is supplied to one or more reservoir fractures through a fracturing fluid supply assembly, and the fracturing fluid is recovered by a fracturing fluid recovery assembly after passing through a fracture simulation device. In the process of the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant flowing, the pressure detection device continuously collects the pressure value at the location. If the proppant is blocked in the interlayer fracture of the fracture simulation device, the pressure value at the location where the fracture simulation device is connected to the fracturing fluid supply assembly and the location where the fracture simulation device is connected to the fracturing fluid recovery assembly will inevitably change. The experimenter can judge the blockage situation in the fracture simulation device based on the detected pressure value. At the same time, since the reservoir fracture and interlayer fracture area of ​​the fracture simulation device are transparent materials, the video acquisition device can also intuitively shoot the migration and blockage of the proppant. In addition, the fractures of the proppant paving experimental device provided by the present invention are modeled based on real fractures, that is, the reservoir fractures are modeled based on the reservoir rock fractures to be tested after being reduced at a ratio of 1:m, and the interlayer fractures are modeled based on the interlayer rock fractures to be tested after being reduced at a ratio of 1:m. The proppant paving experimental device provided by the present invention can simulate the migration of the proppant when an interlayer exists, and the crack morphology is the same as the real crack morphology.

[0017] Furthermore, in the method for manufacturing the proppant paving experimental device provided by the present invention, since the method is used to manufacture the proppant paving experimental device as described above, the proppant paving experimental device obtained by using the method has the same advantages as described above.

[0018] Furthermore, in the proppant paving experimental method provided by the present invention, since the proppant paving experimental device as described above is used to conduct the experiment, it has the same advantages as described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a proppant laying experimental device provided by one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a left view of a reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a top view of a reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 110: reservoir fracture simulation unit; 120: interlayer fracture simulation unit; 210: transparent plate; 220: support plate; 230: sealing gasket; 240: perforation; 250: liquid outlet hole; 310: pressure sensor; 320: high-speed camera; 410: fracturing fluid tank; 420: liquid pump; 430: liquid supply pipeline; 510: liquid discharge pipe; 520: waste liquid tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0028] The present invention provides a proppant laying experimental device, comprising a fracture simulation device, a fracturing fluid supply component, a fracturing fluid recovery component and a data acquisition component. In the fracture simulation device, n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged alternately from top to bottom, and adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are connected to each other. The liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the n reservoir fractures, and the liquid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top. The data acquisition component includes a video acquisition component and a pressure detection device. When in use, the fracturing fluid supply component supplies fracturing fluid carrying proppant into one or more reservoir fractures, and the fracturing fluid enters the fracturing fluid recovery component after passing through the fracture simulation device. In the process of fracturing fluid carrying proppant migration, the pressure detection device continuously collects the pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply component, and continuously collects the pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery component. Experimenters can judge the blockage situation in the fracture simulation device according to the change of pressure value. At the same time, the experimenter can also visually observe the migration of the proppant in the fracture simulation device based on the video images collected by the video acquisition component. In addition, the reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures of the proppant paving test device provided by the present invention replicate the real fractures at a ratio of 1:m, which is consistent with the morphology of the real fractures.

[0029] Combine the following Figures 1 to 4 The proppant placement experimental apparatus of the present invention is described.

[0030] An embodiment of the present invention provides a proppant laying experimental device, comprising a fracture simulation device, a fracturing fluid supply component, a fracturing fluid recovery component and a data acquisition component.

[0031] The edge of the fracture simulation device is closed, and n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged inside, and the n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are alternately arranged along the height direction, and adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are interconnected.

[0032] For example, three reservoir fractures and two interlayer fractures are set in the fracture simulation device, which are reservoir fracture, interlayer fracture, reservoir fracture, interlayer fracture and reservoir fracture from top to bottom. The three reservoir fractures and two interlayer fractures are connected from top to bottom, and the left and right sides are closed, and the top of the top reservoir fracture and the bottom of the bottom reservoir fracture are closed.

[0033] The reservoir fractures of the fracture simulation device are modeled based on the reservoir rock fractures to be tested, which are reduced in a ratio of 1:m, and the interlayer fractures are modeled based on the interlayer rock fractures to be tested, which are reduced in a ratio of 1:m.

[0034] In this way, the morphology of the reservoir fractures used in the experiment can be kept consistent with the morphology of the actual reservoir rock fractures to be tested, and the morphology of the interlayer fractures used in the experiment can be kept consistent with the morphology of the actual interlayer rock fractures to be tested.

[0035] At least the area where the reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are arranged in the fracture simulation device is made of transparent material.

[0036] The liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the positions corresponding to the n reservoir fractures on the fracture simulation device, so that the liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is communicated with the reservoir fractures.

[0037] The fluid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is communicated with the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top.

[0038] The data acquisition component includes a video acquisition device and a pressure detection device. The pressure detection device is provided at the position where the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the fracture simulation device and at the position where the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the fracture simulation device. The shooting range of the video acquisition device covers the area corresponding to the reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures.

[0039] During the experiment, the fracturing fluid carrying proppant is input into one or more reservoir fractures of the fracture simulation device through the fracturing fluid supply assembly, then reaches the adjacent reservoir fractures through the interlayer fractures, and finally enters the fracturing fluid recovery assembly after passing through the reservoir fracture at the top.

[0040] During the migration of the proppant with the fracturing fluid, the pressure detection device continuously collects the pressure value at the location, and the video acquisition device is used to shoot the migration of the proppant in the fracture simulation device.

[0041] Since the width of interlayer cracks is smaller than that of reservoir cracks, the proppant may be blocked in the interlayer cracks during the migration of the fracturing fluid, resulting in blockage of the interlayer cracks, making it impossible for the fracturing fluid to pass through the interlayer cracks and enter the adjacent reservoir cracks. At this time, the pressure value detected by the pressure detection device is bound to change. The experimenter can judge the blockage situation in the fracture simulation device based on the pressure value and visually observe the blockage situation in the fracture simulation device through the collected video.

[0042] For example, when the proppant is blocked in one of the interlayer fractures, the fracturing fluid will not flow smoothly or will stop flowing to the adjacent reservoir fractures. At this time, the pressure in the reservoir fracture upstream of the blocked interlayer fracture will increase, and the pressure at the connection point between the top reservoir fracture and the fracturing fluid recovery assembly will decrease.

[0043] It can be seen that the proppant placement experimental device provided in the embodiment of the present invention can simulate the migration of proppant in a fracture when an interlayer exists.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fracture simulation device includes n reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units 120, each reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 is provided with a reservoir fracture, each interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 is provided with an interlayer fracture, and the n reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and the n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units 120 are alternately arranged along the height direction.

[0045] The interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are both closed on the left and right sides, the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located in the middle are both open at the top and bottom, the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top are closed at the top and open at the bottom. The reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the bottom are closed at the bottom and open at the top.

[0046] For example, the fracture simulation device may include three reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and two interlayer fracture simulation units 120. Each reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 is provided with a reservoir fracture, and the reservoir fracture can extend in the left-right direction, and each interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 is provided with an interlayer fracture, and the interlayer fracture can extend in the left-right direction.

[0047] The arrangement order of the three reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and the two interlayer fracture simulation units 120 from top to bottom is: reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, interlayer fracture simulation unit 120, reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 and reservoir fracture simulation unit 110. The top and left and right sides of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top are closed, and its bottom is open. The left and right sides of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located in the middle position and all the interlayer fracture simulation units 120 are closed, and the top and bottom are connected. The left and right sides and bottom of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the bottom are closed, and its top is open.

[0048] When connected, the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the adjacent interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 can be fixed by gluing, and the gluing method can also achieve a sealing effect.

[0049] The fracture simulation unit formed after the connection is closed on all sides, and the adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are connected vertically.

[0050] In this embodiment, the purpose of splitting the fracture simulation device into multiple interlayer fracture simulation units 120 and reservoir fracture simulation units 110 is to arbitrarily increase or decrease the number of interlayer fractures or reservoir fractures, and to replace reservoir fracture simulation units 110 or interlayer fracture simulation units 120 with different fracture widths.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 each include a pair of opposing transparent plates 210 and a sealing support assembly, wherein the sealing support assembly is detachably connected between the pair of transparent plates 210 and is located at the edge of the transparent plates 210. The sealing support assembly forms a gap between the pair of transparent plates 210, and the two opposite sides of the two transparent plates 210 constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are modeled based on the surface of the reservoir rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m, and the two opposite sides of the two transparent plates 210 constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 are modeled based on the surface of the interlayer rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m.

[0052] Specifically, taking one of the reservoir fracture simulation units 110 as an example, the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 includes a pair of opposite transparent plates 210 and a sealing support assembly, wherein the transparent plates 210 may be made of epoxy resin and may be rectangular in shape. The sealing support assembly is clamped at the edge between the two paired transparent plates 210, so that the sealing support assembly can form a gap between the two paired transparent plates 210, and the position where the sealing support assembly is arranged can also seal the gap.

[0053] The opposite sides of the two transparent plates 210 are reservoir fracture surfaces, which are modeled based on the reservoir rock fracture surface reduced at a ratio of 1:m. In this way, a reservoir fracture surface similar to the real fracture morphology is formed between the two transparent plates 210.

[0054] The sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top only surrounds the left side, right side and top of the transparent plate 210, the sealing support assembly of the reservoir simulation unit located at the bottom only surrounds the left side, right side and bottom of the transparent plate 210, and the sealing support assemblies of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 located in the middle are only set on the left and right sides of the transparent plate 210.

[0055] Specifically, the bottom of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top needs to be connected with the top of the interlayer fracture of the adjacent and lower interlayer fracture simulation unit 120. Therefore, only the top and left and right sides of the two transparent plates 210 of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top are provided with sealing support assemblies, leaving the bottom open.

[0056] Similarly, the top of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the bottom needs to be connected with the bottom of the interlayer fracture of the adjacent and upper interlayer fracture simulation unit 120. Therefore, only the bottom and left and right sides of the two transparent plates 210 of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the bottom are provided with sealing support assemblies, so that the top is open.

[0057] The top and bottom of the interlayer fracture of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 need to be connected with the reservoir fracture of the adjacent reservoir fracture simulation unit 110. Therefore, the two transparent plates 210 constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 are only provided with sealing support components on the left and right sides, so that the top and bottom are open.

[0058] Similarly, the top and bottom of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located in the middle need to be connected with the interlayer fracture of the adjacent interlayer fracture simulation unit 120. Therefore, the two transparent plates 210 constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located in the middle are only provided with sealing support components on the left and right sides, so that the top and bottom are open.

[0059] In addition, two transparent plates 210 adjacent to each other in the up-down direction may be fixed and sealed by gluing.

[0060] At least one perforation 240 is provided on the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the perforation 240 connects the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture. The liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the multiple perforations 240. A liquid outlet hole 250 is provided on the top of the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top, and the liquid outlet hole 250 connects the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the liquid outlet hole 250.

[0061] Specifically, in order to enable the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 to be connected to the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly, a perforation 240 can be set on the sealing support assembly on the left side of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110. The perforation 240 penetrates the sealing support assembly in the left-right direction, so that the reservoir fracture can be connected to the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly through the perforation 240.

[0062] One, two, three or more perforations 240 may be set on each reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 .

[0063] Under the action of gravity, the fracturing fluid will first fill the bottom of the fracture simulation device before moving upward, so a liquid outlet hole 250 can be provided on the sealing support assembly at the top of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the liquid outlet hole 250 penetrates the sealing support assembly in the up-down direction. The liquid outlet hole 250 is used to connect with the fracturing fluid recovery assembly.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, the sealing support assembly includes a support plate 220 and a sealing gasket 230 , and the sealing gasket 230 is disposed between the support plate 220 and the transparent plate 210 .

[0065] Specifically, taking the sealing support assembly located on one side of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 as an example, the sealing support assembly includes a support plate 220 and two sealing gaskets 230. The sealing gaskets 230 can be pasted on both sides of the support plate 220, and then the combination of the support plate 220 and the sealing gaskets 230 is clamped between the transparent plates 210.

[0066] Since both the support plate 220 and the sealing gasket 230 have thickness, the distance between the two transparent plates 210 can be adjusted by replacing the support plate 220 or the sealing gasket 230 with different thicknesses, thereby changing the width of the simulated reservoir fracture or interlayer fracture.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fracturing fluid supply assembly includes a fracturing fluid tank 410, a liquid pump 420 and a liquid supply pipeline 430. The fracturing fluid tank 410 is used to store the configured fracturing fluid, which contains proppant. One end of the liquid supply pipeline 430 is connected to the fracturing fluid tank 410, and the other end is provided with multiple liquid outlets, which are respectively connected to multiple perforations 240 on the fracture simulation device. The liquid pump 420 is connected in series to the liquid supply pipeline 430 to provide power for the fracturing fluid.

[0068] Furthermore, an on-off valve or a flow regulating valve is provided on each liquid outlet of the liquid supply pipeline 430 for opening or closing the corresponding liquid outlet to selectively supply fracturing fluid to different reservoir fractures.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fracturing fluid recovery assembly includes a drainage pipeline 510 and a waste liquid tank 520, one end of the drainage pipeline 510 is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture at the top, and the other end of the drainage pipeline 510 is connected to the inlet of the waste liquid tank 520. When the fracturing fluid in the fracture simulation device is filled, the fracturing fluid will overflow from the outlet hole 250, and then enter the waste liquid tank 520 through the drainage pipeline 510 for collection.

[0070] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a proppant paving experimental device, which is used to manufacture the proppant paving experimental device as described above. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Step S100, acquiring three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures and interlayer rock fractures, and making n pairs of transparent plates of reservoir fracture simulation units based on the three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures, and making n-1 pairs of transparent plates of interlayer fracture simulation units based on the three-dimensional data of interlayer rock fractures, wherein the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates of the reservoir fracture simulation units to the surface size of the reservoir rock fractures is 1:m, and the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates of the interlayer fracture simulation units to the surface size of the interlayer rock fractures is 1:m, and m>1.

[0071] Specifically, firstly, reservoir rock and interlayer rock are selected according to the experimental requirements, and three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures and interlayer rock fractures are obtained through professional technical means. Based on the obtained three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures, n pairs of transparent plates 210 are made, and n pairs of transparent plates 210 will constitute n reservoir fracture simulation units 110. Similarly, n-1 pairs of transparent plates 210 are also made based on the obtained three-dimensional data of interlayer rock fractures, and n-1 pairs of transparent plates 210 will constitute n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units 120.

[0072] The opposite surfaces of the paired transparent plates 210 constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are the reservoir fracture surfaces of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the ratio of the surface size of the reservoir rock fracture to the surface size is 1:m. Similarly, the opposite surfaces of the paired transparent plates 210 constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 are the interlayer fracture surfaces of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120, and the ratio of the surface size of the interlayer rock fracture to the surface size is 1:m. Wherein, m>1, that is, the reservoir fracture surface is obtained by reducing the reservoir rock fracture surface by m times, and the interlayer fracture surface is obtained by reducing the interlayer rock fracture surface by m times.

[0073] Step S200, select a sealing support assembly of corresponding thickness, and install the sealing support assembly between a pair of transparent plates to form a reservoir fracture simulation unit and an interlayer fracture simulation unit, wherein the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the left and right sides of the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit are both closed by the sealing support assembly, and the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located in the middle are open at the top and bottom, wherein the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units is closed by the sealing support assembly at the top and open at the bottom, and the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units is closed by the sealing support assembly at the bottom and open at the top.

[0074] Specifically, the width of the reservoir rock fractures and the width of the interlayer rock fractures are obtained according to the experimental requirements, and the width of the reservoir rock fractures and the width of the interlayer rock fractures are reduced by m times respectively to obtain the width of the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the width of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120.

[0075] Based on the calculated width of the reservoir fracture and the width of the interlayer fracture, a sealing support assembly of corresponding thickness is selected, and then the sealing support assembly is installed between the paired transparent plates 210 to form the corresponding reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and interlayer fracture simulation unit 120. At this time, the width of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 is the calculated width, and the width of the interlayer fracture of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 is the calculated width.

[0076] The specific connection method is that for the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 and the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located in the middle position, sealing support components are only installed on the left and right sides between the paired transparent plates 210, so that the left and right sides of the interlayer fracture or reservoir fracture formed between the two transparent plates 210 are closed, while the top and bottom are in an open state.

[0077] For the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the top, it is necessary to install sealing support assemblies on the top and left and right sides between the paired transparent plates 210 so that the top and left and right sides of the reservoir fracture formed between the two transparent plates 210 are closed, while the bottom is open.

[0078] For the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 located at the bottom, it is necessary to install a sealing support assembly at the bottom and left and right sides between the paired transparent plates 210 so that the bottom and left and right sides of the reservoir fracture formed between the two transparent plates 210 are closed, while the top is open.

[0079] Step S300, alternately connect n reservoir fracture simulation units and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units in the height direction to form a fracture simulation unit, wherein the reservoir fracture simulation unit with a closed top and an open bottom is set at the top, and the reservoir fracture simulation unit with a closed bottom and an open top is set at the bottom.

[0080] Specifically, the n reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units 120 manufactured in step S200 are alternately arranged in the height direction. Taking three reservoir fracture simulation units 110 and two interlayer fracture simulation units 120 as an example, from top to bottom, they are reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, interlayer fracture simulation unit 120, reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 and reservoir fracture simulation unit 110.

[0081] After the connection, the left and right sides and the top of the reservoir fracture of the top reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are closed, and its bottom is connected to the top of the interlayer fracture of the adjacent and lower interlayer fracture simulation unit 120. The left and right sides of the interlayer fracture of the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 are closed, and its bottom is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture of the adjacent and lower reservoir fracture simulation unit 110. Similarly, the left and right sides and the bottom of the reservoir fracture of the lowest reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are closed, and its top is connected to the bottom of the interlayer fracture of the adjacent and upper interlayer fracture simulation unit 120.

[0082] Taking the connection between the top reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the adjacent and lower interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 as an example, the bottoms of the two transparent plates 210 constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 are connected to the tops of the two transparent plates 210 constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 by gluing. The connection between other adjacent interlayer fracture simulation units 120 and reservoir fracture simulation units 110 is also by gluing.

[0083] Step S400, connecting the fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly to the reservoir fractures of n reservoir fracture simulation units, and connecting the fluid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly to the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the top.

[0084] Specifically, perforations 240 are provided on the sealing support assembly constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the perforations 240 connect the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture. The fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the perforations 240 on the n reservoir fracture simulation units 110, and then connected to the corresponding reservoir fractures.

[0085] A liquid outlet 250 is provided on the sealing support assembly at the top of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110, and the liquid outlet 250 is connected to the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110. The liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the liquid outlet 250, thereby connecting the reservoir fracture with the fracturing fluid recovery assembly.

[0086] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S100, n pairs of transparent plates 210 of reservoir fracture simulation units 110 are produced based on the three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures, and n-1 pairs of transparent plates 210 of interlayer fracture simulation units 120 are produced based on the three-dimensional data of interlayer rock fractures, further comprising the following steps: Step S110: Scan the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface using a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface.

[0087] Step S120: Based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface, a three-dimensional mold model of the transparent plate 210 of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 is established by using a computer.

[0088] Step S130: Based on the three-dimensional mold model, a mold for casting the transparent plate 210 of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 is manufactured; Step S140 : using the mold to cast the transparent plate 210 of the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 .

[0089] Specifically, the method disclosed in this embodiment for obtaining three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface is three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0090] Based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface, a three-dimensional mold model of the mold for casting the transparent plate 210 is established by computer.

[0091] Then, the three-dimensional mold model is used to print a mold for epoxy resin casting transparent plate 210 using 3D printing technology.

[0092] Finally, the above-mentioned mold is used to cast the transparent plate 210 constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 .

[0093] Of course, in addition to the method of processing the transparent plate 210 disclosed in the above embodiment, a three-dimensional model of the transparent plate 210 can also be directly established by a computer based on the three-dimensional data of the above-mentioned reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer fracture surface, and then the transparent plate 210 can be directly printed out using 3D printing technology.

[0094] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a proppant paving experimental method, which is conducted using the proppant paving experimental device as described above, and the experimental method comprises the following steps: Step S500, preparing fracturing fluid and proppant according to experimental requirements; Step S600, using a fracturing fluid supply component to input the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant into a fracture simulation device, and a fracturing fluid recovery component to recover the fracturing fluid after passing through the fracture simulation device; Step S700: When the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation device, a pressure detection device is used to collect the pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly, and a video acquisition device is used to record the migration video of the proppant when the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation unit.

[0095] Specifically, the fracturing fluid and the proppant are configured according to the experimental requirements, and the proppant and the fracturing fluid are mixed and then injected into the fracturing fluid tank 410 of the fracturing fluid supply assembly.

[0096] Then, the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is input into the fracture simulation device by using the fracturing fluid supply component, and the fracturing fluid passing through the fracture simulation device is recovered by the fracturing fluid recovery component.

[0097] When the fracturing fluid carrying proppant flows through the fracture simulation device, the pressure detection device continuously collects the pressure value at the connection position between the liquid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply component and the fracture simulation device, as well as the pressure value at the connection position between the liquid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery component and the fracture simulation device.

[0098] Since the width of interlayer fractures is smaller than that of reservoir fractures, the proppant can easily get clogged in the interlayer fractures. Once blockage occurs, the collected pressure value is bound to change significantly. At this time, the experimenter can determine whether blockage has occurred based on the change in pressure.

[0099] Furthermore, when the fracturing fluid carrying proppant flows through the fracture simulation device, the video acquisition device also continuously captures the migration images of the proppant in the fracture simulation device. When blockage occurs inside, the experimenter can intuitively observe the specific location and condition of the blockage based on the video.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present invention, before the fracturing fluid supply assembly is used to input the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant into the fracture simulation device, the following steps are also included: Calculate the experimental pumping displacement of the fracturing fluid. The injection displacement is calculated by the following formula:

[0101] Where: is the experimental pumping displacement, in units of ; is the displacement of on-site construction, in units of ; is the height of the crack during on-site construction, in m; is the crack height of the crack simulation unit, in m; The width of the crack during on-site construction, in mm; is the crack width of the crack simulation unit, in mm.

[0102] This step is to calculate the experimental pumping displacement using similarity theory.

[0103] In the proppant laying experimental method provided by the present invention, the video acquisition device can be a high-speed camera 320, and the pressure detection device can be a pressure sensor 310. The high-speed camera 320 records the entire process of proppant laying and migration in the reservoir fracture simulation unit 110 and the interlayer fracture simulation unit 120 in real time, and the pressure sensor 310 records the pressure at the location.

[0104] Before conducting the experiment, the sealing and cleanliness of the device must be checked. Then, the fracturing fluid is prepared according to the experimental plan, the proppant is weighed according to different sand ratios, and then the proppant is mixed with the fracturing fluid. Then, the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is pumped 420 into the fracturing fluid supply assembly, and the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant enters the reservoir fracture through the perforation 240 and is discharged through the fracturing fluid recovery assembly, thereby performing an experimental simulation of proppant placement and migration in a real fracture according to the corresponding experimental pumping displacement.

[0105] Among them, the fracture height, fracture width and pumping displacement of the fracture during on-site construction are calculated according to the theory of similar flow rate for experimental pumping displacement. The conversion formula between the experimental pumping displacement of the fracturing fluid and the on-site construction displacement is as follows:

[0106] Where: is the experimental pumping displacement, ; For on-site construction displacement, ; is the height of the crack during on-site construction, m; is the fracture height of the fracture simulation unit, m; is the width of the crack during on-site construction, mm; is the crack width of the crack simulation unit, mm.

[0107] In a specific embodiment, the parameters under on-site construction conditions are shown in the following table:

[0108] The converted parameters under experimental conditions are shown in the following table:

[0109] The fracture morphology of this embodiment simulates real reservoir rock fractures and interlayer rock fractures, takes into account the influence of real fracture surface morphology on the placement and migration of proppant in the fracture, and simulates the dynamic process of pumping sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir fracture containing interlayer at a certain displacement and a certain sand ratio during hydraulic fracturing. The width of the reservoir fracture model and the interlayer fracture model in the experimental device can be adjusted, the cost of making the fracture model is low, and the simulation experiment is more comprehensive and realistic.

[0110] The fracturing fluid in the present invention includes slick water fracturing fluid, cross-linked fracturing fluid, clean fracturing fluid, etc. The proppant includes quartz sand or ceramsite with a maximum diameter lower than the reservoir fracture width. The fracturing fluid carrying the proppant includes sand-carrying fluids with different sand ratios.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A proppant paving experimental device, characterized in that: include: A fracture simulation device, wherein the edge of the fracture simulation device is closed, and n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged inside the fracture simulation device, the n reservoir fractures and n-1 interlayer fractures are arranged alternately in the height direction, and the adjacent reservoir fractures and interlayer fractures are interconnected, the reservoir fractures are modeled based on the reservoir rock fractures to be tested at a ratio of 1:m, and the interlayer fractures are modeled based on the interlayer rock fractures to be tested at a ratio of 1:m, m>1, and transparent materials are used in at least the region of the fracture simulation device where the reservoir fractures and the interlayer fractures are arranged; A fracturing fluid supply assembly, wherein a fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is in communication with n reservoir fractures; A fracturing fluid recovery assembly, wherein a fluid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is in communication with the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top; A data acquisition component, the data acquisition component includes a video acquisition device and a pressure detection device. The pressure detection device is arranged at the position where the fracturing fluid supply component is connected to the crack simulation device and at the position where the fracturing fluid recovery component is connected to the crack simulation device. The shooting range of the video acquisition device covers all the areas corresponding to the reservoir cracks and the interlayer cracks.

2. The proppant paving experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fracture simulation device comprises n reservoir fracture simulation units (110) and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units (120), each of the reservoir fracture simulation units (110) being provided with one reservoir fracture, each of the interlayer fracture simulation units (120) being provided with one interlayer fracture, and the n reservoir fracture simulation units (110) and the n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units (120) being alternately arranged along a height direction; Wherein, the left and right sides of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) are both closed, the tops and bottoms of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located in the middle are both open, the top of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the top is closed and the bottom is open, and the bottom of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the bottom is closed and the top is open; The reservoir fractures of each of the reservoir fracture simulation units (110) are connected to the fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly, and the top of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the top is connected to the fracturing fluid recovery assembly.

3. The proppant paving experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) each comprise a pair of opposing transparent plates (210) and a sealing support assembly, wherein the sealing support assembly is detachably connected between the pair of transparent plates (210) and is located at the edge of the transparent plates (210), and the sealing support assembly forms a gap between the pair of transparent plates (210), and the two opposite side surfaces of the two transparent plates (210) constituting the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) are modeled based on the surface of the reservoir rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m, and the two opposite side surfaces of the two transparent plates (210) constituting the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) are modeled based on the surface of the interlayer rock fracture to be measured at a ratio of 1:m; The sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the top only surrounds the left side, right side and top of the transparent plate (210), the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit located at the bottom only surrounds the left side, right side and bottom of the transparent plate (210), and the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) located in the middle are only arranged on the left side and right side of the transparent plate (210); The sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) is provided with at least one perforation (240), the perforation (240) being connected to the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture, the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the plurality of perforations (240), the top of the sealing support assembly of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the top is provided with a liquid outlet hole (250), the liquid outlet hole (250) being connected to the inner and outer sides of the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110), and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the liquid outlet hole (250).

4. The proppant paving experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing support assembly comprises a support plate (220) and a sealing gasket (230), wherein the sealing gasket (230) is arranged between the support plate (220) and the transparent plate (210).

5. The proppant paving experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The fracturing fluid supply assembly comprises a fracturing fluid tank (410), a fluid pump (420) and a fluid supply pipeline (430); one end of the fluid supply pipeline (430) is connected to the fracturing fluid tank (410), the other end of the fluid supply pipeline (430) is communicated with each of the reservoir fractures, and the fluid pump (420) is connected in series to the fluid supply pipeline (430).

6. The proppant paving experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The fracturing fluid recovery assembly comprises a drainage pipeline (510) and a waste liquid tank (520), one end of the drainage pipeline (510) is connected to the top of the reservoir fracture located at the top, and the other end of the drainage pipeline (510) is connected to the waste liquid tank (520).

7. A method for making a proppant paving experimental device, characterized in that: Used to make the proppant paving experimental device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, the manufacturing method comprising: Acquiring three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures and interlayer rock fractures, and producing n pairs of transparent plates (210) of reservoir fracture simulation units (110) based on the three-dimensional data of reservoir rock fractures, and producing n-1 pairs of transparent plates (210) of interlayer fracture simulation units (120) based on the three-dimensional data of interlayer rock fractures, wherein the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates (210) of the reservoir fracture simulation units (110) to the surface size of the reservoir rock fractures is 1:m, and the ratio of the surface size of the opposite surfaces of the transparent plates (210) of the interlayer fracture simulation units (120) to the surface size of the interlayer rock fractures is 1:m, and m>1; Selecting a sealing support assembly of corresponding thickness, and installing the sealing support assembly between the paired transparent plates (210) to form the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120), wherein the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) and the left and right sides of the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) are both sealed by the sealing support assembly, and the top and bottom of the interlayer fractures of the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) and the reservoir fractures of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located in the middle are open, wherein the top of the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units (110) is sealed by the sealing support assembly and the bottom is open, and the bottom of the reservoir fracture of one of the reservoir fracture simulation units (110) is sealed by the sealing support assembly and the top is open; n reservoir fracture simulation units (110) and n-1 interlayer fracture simulation units (120) are alternately connected in the height direction to form fracture simulation units, wherein the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) with a closed top and an open bottom is arranged at the top, and the reservoir fracture simulation unit with a closed bottom and an open top is arranged at the bottom; The fluid outlet of the fracturing fluid supply assembly is connected to the reservoir fractures of the n reservoir fracture simulation units (110), and the fluid inlet of the fracturing fluid recovery assembly is connected to the reservoir fracture of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) located at the top.

8. The method for making the proppant paving experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: producing n pairs of transparent plates (210) of reservoir fracture simulation units (110) based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fractures, and producing n-1 pairs of transparent plates (210) of interlayer fracture simulation units (120) based on the three-dimensional data of the interlayer rock fractures, comprising: Scanning the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface by using a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer fracture surface; Based on the three-dimensional data of the reservoir rock fracture surface and the interlayer rock fracture surface, a three-dimensional mold model of the transparent plate (210) of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) is established by using a computer; Based on the three-dimensional mold model, a mold for casting a transparent plate (210) of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120) is manufactured; The mold is used to cast the transparent plate (210) of the reservoir fracture simulation unit (110) and the interlayer fracture simulation unit (120).

9. A proppant paving experimental method, characterized in that: Based on the proppant paving experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the experimental method comprises: Prepare fracturing fluid and proppant according to experimental requirements; The fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is input into the fracture simulation device by using the fracturing fluid supply component, and the fracturing fluid recovery component recovers the fracturing fluid after passing through the fracture simulation device; When the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation device, a pressure detection device is used to collect the pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid outlet end of the fracturing fluid supply component, and a pressure value at the connection position between the fracture simulation device and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing fluid recovery component is collected, and a video acquisition device is used to record the migration video of the proppant when the fracturing fluid flows through the fracture simulation unit.

10. The proppant paving experimental method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Before the fracturing fluid carrying the proppant is fed into the fracture simulation device by the fracturing fluid supply assembly, the method further includes: The experimental pumping displacement of the fracturing fluid is calculated, and the experimental pumping displacement is calculated by the following formula: Where: is the experimental pumping displacement, in units of ; is the displacement of on-site construction, in units of ; is the height of the crack during on-site construction, in m; is the crack height of the crack simulation unit, in m; The width of the crack during on-site construction, in mm; is the crack width of the crack simulation unit, in mm.

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