Smoke particle coagulation sampling system and smoke particle coagulation sampling method

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a smoke particle coagulation sampling system and a smoke particle coagulation sampling method. The smoke particle coagulation sampling system comprises: a cabinet provided with a first cavity, and a cabinet door provided on the cabinet and suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment; a coagulation module arranged in the first cavity, the coagulation module being provided with a second cavity suitable for accommodating a combustible; an adjusting module suitable for adjusting the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity; a smoke making module arranged in the second cavity and suitable for carrying and heating the combustible to make the combustible burn in the second cavity and generate smoke containing smoke particles; and a collection module in communication with the second cavity and suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least part of the smoke particles.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of smoke particle coagulation and collection fire-fighting equipment, and particularly to a smoke particle coagulation and collection system and a smoke particle coagulation and collection method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Poor anti-interference performance, inaccurate detection, slow response speed, and the like are common phenomena at present, and false negatives and high false positive rates are problems to be solved, the main reason for which is that the detector cannot accurately identify characteristic smoke particles generated by a fire and particles from a disturbance source.

[0003] The morphology and particle size distribution of smoke particles are important basic parameters of light scattering of smoke particles, and the main difference between fire smoke and particles from a disturbance source lies in microscopic and macroscopic information such as particle number concentration, particle size distribution, refractive index, particle morphology, and main components, and deep mining of differences in light scattering and extinction effects of fire smoke and particles from a disturbance source is a theoretical basis for research and development of a new detector.

[0004] Current research has shown that the main mechanisms affecting parameters such as smoke particle number concentration, size distribution, and mass density include coagulation, condensation, evaporation, deposition, and the like, and coagulation is one of the main mechanisms. Coagulation refers to collisions between particles in aerosols due to relative motion of molecules. These colliding particles adhere and form new particles with a certain probability. Coagulation leads to a decrease in the number of particles and an increase in the average particle size, while the mass density of smoke remains unchanged.

[0005] The change in particle number and particle size distribution over time can be controlled by the Smoluchowski formula:

[0006] (1)

[0007] In the formula: is a distribution function of the number of smoke particles with a volume of over time; is a collision frequency function of two particles with volumes of and , respectively. There are different forms at different Knudsen numbers (Kn), which are related to environmental temperature, pressure, dynamic viscosity, and particle morphology.

[0008] At present, research on the coagulation process of smoke particles is mostly carried out in a normal temperature and pressure environment, and therefore, how to provide an experimental system for realizing coagulation and collection of smoke particles under different constant temperature and pressure conditions is of great significance for exploring the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles. SUMMARY

[0009] To solve the above and other aspects of the prior art at least one technical problem, the present application provides a kind of smoke particle coagulation sampling system and smoke particle coagulation sampling method, cabinet door is suitable for separating first cavity from external environment, the second cavity in coagulation module is in the state of being communicated with first cavity, temperature and / or pressure in second cavity can be adjusted by adjusting module, and in the state of being isolated from first cavity, the coagulation and sampling of smoke particles are carried out, so as to provide research data for the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles.

[0010] Embodiments of the present application provide a kind of smoke particle coagulation sampling system, comprising: cabinet, is provided with first cavity, the cabinet body is provided with cabinet door suitable for separating the first cavity from external environment;Coagulation module is arranged in the first cavity, the coagulation module is provided with second cavity, the second cavity is suitable for containing combustion;Adjusting module is suitable for adjusting the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity;Smoke module is arranged in the second cavity, suitable for carrying and heating the combustion, so that the combustion is burned in the second cavity, and smoke including smoke particles is generated;Collecting module is communicated with the second cavity, and is suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least a part of the smoke particles.

[0011] According to embodiments of the present application, the coagulation module includes: a box body, the box body is provided with a storage opening, the storage opening is movably provided with a box door, in the closed state of the box door, the box door and the inner wall of the box body define the second cavity;Air inlet mechanism is communicated with the air inlet end of the box body, and is suitable for providing positive pressure to the second cavity;And interface is arranged on the box body, has the first state of being communicated with the first cavity and the second cavity, and the second state of cutting off the first cavity and the second cavity, to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity.

[0012] According to embodiments of the present application, the top of the box body is further provided with an exhaust end suitable for connecting the second cavity with the collecting module;A plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged in the exhaust end along the flow of the smoke, to collect the temperature of the smoke, and the exhaust end is further provided with a transparent first window to transmit external light and observe the concentration of the smoke.

[0013] According to embodiments of the present application, the smoke module includes: a carrier plate arranged at the bottom of the second cavity, suitable for carrying the combustion;And heating wire is arranged on the carrier plate, suitable for igniting the combustion.

[0014] According to the embodiment of the present application, the collecting module comprises a flue connected with the negative pressure mechanism, and at least one sampling assembly is arranged in the flue, wherein the sampling assembly comprises a cassette arranged in the flue, a sampling piece adapted to collect at least part of the smoke particles entrained in the flue gas, and an actuating part connected with the sampling piece and adapted to drive the sampling piece to move between a first position in the cassette and a second position extended from the cassette, and to drive the sampling piece to rotate in the flue to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the sampling piece.

[0015] According to the embodiment of the present application, the flue upstream of the sampling piece is further provided with a heating assembly adapted to heat the flue gas to a temperature higher than that of the sampling piece to form a temperature gradient between the flue gas and the sampling piece.

[0016] According to the embodiment of the present application, the flue is sequentially provided with a stop valve, a flow equalizing piece and a transparent second window in the direction of the flue gas flow, and the second window is arranged at a position corresponding to the sampling piece in the flue to observe the sampling condition of the sampling piece.

[0017] According to the embodiment of the present application, the smoke particle coagulation sampling system comprises two sampling assemblies symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flue.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application further provides a smoke particle coagulation sampling method based on the smoke particle coagulation sampling system, which comprises the following steps: configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test condition is reached; igniting the combustible material to generate flue gas containing smoke particles and standing for a preset coagulation time; sucking the flue gas through the collecting module and sampling through the sampling piece in the second position in the sampling module; adjusting the sampling piece to the first position after sampling is completed, and taking out the sampling piece when there is no obvious flue gas in the first window and / or the second window to obtain a sample of the smoke particles.

[0019] According to the embodiment of the present application, before the step of configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test condition is reached, the method further comprises the following step: opening the negative pressure mechanism of the collecting module and the air inlet mechanism of the coagulation module respectively to clean the second cavity.

[0020] According to the present application, a smoke particle coagulation sampling system and a smoke particle coagulation sampling method are provided. A cabinet is used as a mounting base of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system. A cabinet door is arranged to separate the first cavity from the external environment. A second cavity is arranged in the coagulation module. The second cavity is connected to the first cavity. The temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity can be adjusted by the adjusting module when the second cavity is connected to the first cavity. The smoke particle coagulation and sampling can be performed when the second cavity is separated from the first cavity. A smoke production module is arranged in the second cavity. The smoke production module is used to ignite the combustible material and make it burn in the second cavity to produce smoke containing smoke particles. A collection module is used to collect the smoke particles under the configured temperature and pressure conditions, thereby providing research data for the influence of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of smoke particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a front view of a smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to an illustrative embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a front view of a smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to an illustrative embodiment of the present application; Figure 1 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to the illustrative embodiment shown in

[0023] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to the illustrative embodiment shown in Figure 1

[0024] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to the illustrative embodiment shown in Figure 1

[0025] Figure 5 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to the illustrative embodiment shown in Figure 4 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to the illustrative embodiment shown in

[0026] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a smoke particle coagulation sampling method according to an illustrative embodiment of the present application.

[0027] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference signs are as follows:

[0028] 100, smoke production module; 101, carrier plate;

[0029] 200, coagulation module; 201, cabinet door; 202, first window; 203, interface; 204, air inlet mechanism; 205, first thermocouple;

[0030] 300, collection module; 301, stop valve; 302, flow equalizing member; 303, heating assembly; 304, sampling assembly; 3041, telescopic rod; 3042, cassette; 3043, connecting member; 3044, sampling member; 305, second thermocouple; 306, second window;

[0031] ​​400, adjustment module;

[0032] 500, cabinet; 501, cabinet door; 502, third window;

[0033] 600, control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the drawings.

[0035] The terms used herein are merely used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The terms "include", "comprise" and the like used herein indicate the presence of the described features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0036] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of the present specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner.

[0037] In the case of using expressions similar to "at least one of A, B and C, etc.", it should be generally interpreted that the meaning of the expression is understood by those skilled in the art as it is commonly used. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but not be limited to a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having both A and B, a system having both A and C, a system having both B and C, and / or a system having A, B, and C, etc. In the case of using expressions similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", it should be generally interpreted that the meaning of the expression is understood by those skilled in the art as it is commonly used. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include but not be limited to a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having both A and B, a system having both A and C, a system having both B and C, and / or a system having A, B, and C, etc.

[0038] Figure 1 is a front view of a smoke particle coagulation sampling system according to an illustrative embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 is Figure 1 is a perspective view of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system of the illustrative embodiment shown.

[0039] A smoke particle coagulation sampling system is provided according to the present disclosure, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the apparatus includes a cabinet 500, a coagulation module 200, a conditioning module 400, a smoking module 100, and a collection module 300. The cabinet 500 is provided with a first cavity, and the cabinet 500 is provided with a cabinet door 501 adapted to seal the first cavity from the external environment. The coagulation module 200 is disposed in the first cavity, and the coagulation module 200 is provided with a second cavity adapted to accommodate a combustible material. The conditioning module 400 is adapted to adjust the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity. The smoking module 100 is disposed in the second cavity and is adapted to carry and heat the combustible material so that the combustible material burns in the second cavity and generates smoke including smoke particles. The collection module 300 is in communication with the second cavity and is adapted to draw and adsorb at least a portion of the smoke particles.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 the front face of the cabinet 500 (i.e. the surface facing the viewing angle as shown in Figure 1 ) is provided with a first cavity having an opening. In detail, the opening of the first cavity includes but is not limited to being provided with a hinged cabinet door 501. Further, the cabinet door 501 is further provided with a transparent third viewing window 502 so that the operator can observe the actual test conditions in the first cavity and the second cavity during the test. Furthermore, in order to achieve sealing of the first cavity, a locking mechanism can be further configured between the cabinet door 501 and the cabinet 500, and a corresponding sealing member (such as a sealing ring) should be further configured on the joint surface between the cabinet door 501 and the cabinet 500.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the adjusting module 400 is integrated on the cabinet 500. In detail, the adjusting module 400 is adapted to adjust the temperature and / or pressure of the first cavity. On this basis, since the coagulation module 200 is arranged in the first cavity, the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity can be indirectly adjusted by connecting the second cavity of the coagulation module 200 with the first cavity. Further, when the second cavity reaches the preset test condition, the second cavity can be isolated from the first cavity, which can effectively prevent the flue gas generated after the combustion of the combustible from leaking into the first cavity, so as to generate as much flue gas (containing smoke particles) as possible in the second cavity (i.e., the second cavity is used as a flue gas generation place), and maintain the dynamic balance of the test condition in the second cavity, thereby facilitating the controllability and accuracy of the test. In addition, if the first cavity remains in the state of being isolated from the external environment, the first cavity can be regarded as a sealed cavity of the second cavity to achieve the sealing and heat insulation of the second cavity from the external environment; if the first cavity is in a state of being connected with the external environment (such as after the test is completed), since the second cavity is isolated from the first cavity, the pollution of the test environment caused by the leakage of flue gas through the first cavity to the external environment can also be prevented.

[0042] In an illustrative embodiment, the adjusting module 400 has a temperature adjusting unit, which includes but is not limited to a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, an evaporator, a pipeline, and a control unit. In detail, the pipeline is adapted to connect the compressor, the condenser, the throttling device, and the evaporator in communication, and form a working medium cycle therein, and the control unit is adapted to control the start, stop, and operating power of the compressor to achieve temperature adjustment and maintenance of the first cavity (including the second cavity). Correspondingly, the inner wall of the first cavity of the cabinet 500 is provided with an air outlet connected with the adjusting module, so that the air after refrigeration enters the first cavity (including the second cavity) through the air outlet, thereby achieving the purpose of refrigeration. Further, the adjusting module 400 is also provided with a corresponding auxiliary heating device, such as a ceramic heating component arranged near the air outlet to heat the air passing through the auxiliary heating device. It should be understood that the adjusting module 400 is also provided with corresponding electrical modules such as a temperature controller, a starter, and an overload protector, so as to achieve rapid adjustment and accurate control of the temperature of the first cavity (including the second cavity).

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment module 400 further comprises a pressure adjustment unit adapted to directly or indirectly extract air from the second chamber to adjust the internal pressure of the second chamber. The pressure adjustment module can be implemented as a separate unit, such as a vacuum pump connected to the first chamber, or integrated into other modules, such as the collection module 300, to take advantage of the need to extract air from the second chamber before sampling by the sampling module 300 to reduce the pressure in the second chamber to below the atmospheric pressure of the external environment. This achieves the pressure adjustment requirement and allows the same device to perform different functions in different steps of the test, which is economical and helps to reduce the size of the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustment module 400 is adapted to adjust the temperature and / or pressure of the second chamber to a range of -40 to 70°C and 0.1 to 1 atm, respectively.

[0045] In such an embodiment, the cabinet 500 serves as a base for the installation of the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system. The cabinet door 501 is adapted to seal the first chamber from the external environment. The second chamber in the coagulation module 200 is adapted to be adjusted by the adjustment module 400 in a state of communication with the first chamber, and to coagulate and sample smoke particles in a state of isolation from the first chamber. The smoke generation module 100 is disposed in the second chamber and is adapted to ignite the combustible material and cause it to burn in the second chamber to generate smoke containing smoke particles. The collection module 300 is adapted to collect smoke particles under the configured temperature and pressure conditions, thereby providing research data on the effects of temperature and pressure on the properties of smoke particles.

[0046] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a perspective view of the coagulation module of the exemplary embodiment shown in

[0047] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 The coagulation module 200 comprises a box, an air inlet mechanism 204, and an interface 203. The box is provided with a storage opening, and a box door 201 is movably disposed in the storage opening. In a closed state of the box door 201, the box door 201 and the inner wall of the box define a second chamber. The air inlet mechanism is in communication with an air inlet end of the box and is adapted to provide positive pressure to the second chamber. The interface 203 is disposed on the box and has a first state of communication between the first chamber and the second chamber and a second state of isolation between the first chamber and the second chamber to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second chamber.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 3As shown, the housing of the condensation module 200 is constructed into a substantially cubic structure, and one side wall of the housing (such as Figure 3 A structure 203 is provided on the left side wall as shown. In detail, the interface 203 includes but is not limited to being constructed as a bent pipe structure, the opening of the interface 203 is set upward, and a sealing component is provided at a position facing the opening formed by the interface 203, and the sealing component is not limited to having a first cylinder and a cover provided on the piston rod of the first cylinder. The first cylinder is suitable for, in a retracted state, driving the cover away from the interface 203 to connect the second cavity in the box with the first cavity through the interface 203; in an extended state, the first cylinder drives the cover close to the interface 203 to close the interface 203, thereby isolating the first cavity from the second cavity. Furthermore, the storage port provided on the box (such as Figure 3 The lower right opening shown in the figure is provided with a door 201, which is suitable for placing or removing the combustible material in the open state and allowing the combustible material to burn in the second cavity when closed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0049] For example, the interface 203 may be sealed by installing a valve body, such as a solenoid valve.

[0050] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the cigarette making module 100 includes a carrier plate 101 and a heating wire. The carrier plate 101 is arranged at the bottom of the second cavity and is suitable for carrying the combustible material. The heating wire is arranged on the carrier plate 101 and is suitable for igniting the combustible material.

[0051] In an illustrative embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the cigarette-making module 100 is located at the bottom of the second cavity formed by the housing. Specifically, it includes a carrier plate 101 and a heating wire (not shown) mounted on the carrier plate 101. Specifically, the carrier plate 101 is made of, but not limited to, ceramic. Furthermore, the carrier plate 101 is mounted to the bottom of the second cavity by, but not limited to, bonding or using a bracket. The heating wire is exposed on the upper surface of the carrier plate 101 to ignite the combustible material located thereon.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the power of the heating wire includes but is not limited to being configured to be 660-1000W.

[0053] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 As shown, the top of the box is also provided with an exhaust port suitable for connecting the second cavity to the collection module 300. Multiple temperature measuring components are arranged at intervals along the flow of the flue gas in the exhaust port to collect the flue gas temperature. The exhaust port is also provided with a transparent first window 202 to transmit external light and observe the flue gas concentration.

[0054] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the top of the box is provided with an exhaust port with a quadrangular pyramid structure. Figure 3 The lower side shown in the figure) is connected to the top of the box, and the narrow side (as shown in the figure) is connected to the top of the box. Figure 3 The upper side shown in the figure) is connected to the collection module to gather the smoke generated in the second cavity and increase the flow rate of the smoke. Furthermore, first windows 202 are provided on the two opposite side walls of the exhaust end to allow external light to illuminate the exhaust end, so as to facilitate the operator to observe the state of the smoke. Furthermore, a plurality of first thermocouples 205 are provided on the side wall of the exhaust end next to the first window 202, spaced sequentially from bottom to top, to detect the real-time temperature of each position of the smoke when passing through the exhaust end of the box. The plurality of first thermocouples 205 are preferably configured to roughly coincide with the projection of the center of the flue in the vertical direction in the orthographic projection, so as to collect the temperature of the middle part of the smoke. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0055] For example, in addition to being spaced apart in the height direction, the plurality of first thermocouples 205 are also staggered in a sloped manner along the extension direction of the exhaust end, thereby detecting the real-time temperature at different positions in the middle and outer parts of the flue gas.

[0056] In an illustrative embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, an air intake mechanism 204 is disposed on the bottom surface of the housing and is adapted to blow air into the second cavity. Specifically, the air intake mechanism 204 includes, but is not limited to, a fan to create a positive pressure within the second cavity, thereby cooperating with the collection mechanism described below to purge the second cavity within the housing, thereby preventing smoke particles or other particulate matter from remaining in the second cavity and interfering with sampling.

[0057] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the acquisition module portion of the exemplary embodiment is shown. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A perspective view of a sampling assembly of the exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0058] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the collection module 300 comprises a flue in communication with the negative pressure mechanism, and at least one sampling assembly 304 is arranged in the flue. The sampling assembly 304 comprises a cassette 3042, a sampling member 3044, and an actuating part. The cassette 3042 is arranged in the flue. The sampling member 3044 is adapted to collect at least a portion of the smoke particles entrained in the flue gas. The actuating part is connected to the sampling member 3044 and is adapted to drive the sampling member 3044 to move between a first position in the cassette 3042 and a second position extending out of the cassette 3042, and to drive the sampling member 3044 to rotate about an axis in the flue to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the sampling member 3044.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the negative pressure output by the negative pressure mechanism is adjustable, and a negative pressure fan can be used. Alternatively, a valve with adjustable opening degree can be arranged between the negative pressure mechanism and the collection module 300 to adjust the negative pressure by adjusting the opening degree of the valve, thereby controlling the flow of flue gas through the sampling module.

[0060] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 4 The smoke particle coagulation sampling system comprises two sampling assemblies 304 arranged symmetrically on both sides of the flue.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 The flue comprises, but is not limited to, a square tube configured as a hollow structure. Further, the exhaust end of the flue is provided with a vacuum pump adapted to form a negative pressure in the flue to suck the flue gas (containing smoke particles) in the flue.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 The two sampling assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the square tube facing each other (e.g., the left side and the right side as shown in Figure 4 Further, the cassette 3042 comprises, but is not limited to, being arranged on the side wall of the square tube and being in communication with the flue in the square tube, so that when the sampling member moves from the first position to the second position, it extends out of the cassette 3042 and extends to the middle of the flue.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 The actuating part of the sampling assembly 304 comprises a second cylinder (e.g., the cylinder on the right side as shown in Figure 5 The second cylinder is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the flue (e.g., the flue is arranged in a vertical direction, and the second cylinder is arranged in a horizontal direction). In detail, the second cylinder has a telescopic rod 3041 extending from the end of the cylinder body (e.g., the right end as shown in Figure 5The right end of the sleeve is provided with a connecting piece 3043 (such as a sleeve or a clamp structure), which is used to connect the sampling member 3044 with the telescopic rod 3041, so as to be extended out of the middle of the flue by the dark box 3042 during the extension movement of the second cylinder, so as to realize the sampling of the smoke particles, and to be retracted into the dark box 3042 from the middle of the flue during the return movement of the second cylinder, so as to complete the sampling of the smoke particles. The sampling member includes but is not limited to a copper mesh, and the outside of the copper mesh is coated with a carbon support film. The sampled copper mesh is stored in the dark box 3042, which can prevent the copper mesh from being polluted due to long-term exposure to the flue (or the pollution caused by the particles carried by the external environment when the external environment is connected).

[0064] In an illustrative embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the driving part of the sampling assembly 304 further includes a third cylinder (such as the cylinder shown in the left side of Figure 5 ), which is arranged in a direction parallel to the flue (for example, if the flue is arranged in a vertical direction, the third cylinder is also arranged in a vertical direction). In detail, the end of the piston rod of the third cylinder is provided with a rack, and the end of the corresponding second cylinder is provided with a gear engaged with the rack, so that the second cylinder and the sampling member 3044 are synchronously rotated by the rack during the extension movement and the return movement of the third cylinder, so that different positions of the sampling member (i.e. the copper mesh) face the incoming direction of the flue gas, so as to more fully and uniformly collect the smoke particles.

[0065] In an illustrative embodiment, not shown in the figure, the sampling assembly 304 further includes a third thermocouple. In detail, the third thermocouple is arranged on the connecting piece 3043 fixedly connected with the sampling member 3044 (i.e. the copper mesh), and is adapted to adopt the temperature of the connecting piece 3043. Since the connecting piece 3043 and the sampling member 3044 (i.e. the copper mesh) are integrally connected, the temperature of the connecting piece 3043 can be regarded as the same as the temperature of the sampling member 3044, so that the temperature of the sampling member 3044 is indirectly obtained through the third thermocouple. Further, the connecting piece 3043 includes but is not limited to being made of the same material as the sampling member 3044, such as copper. In this way, the temperature of the sampling member 3044 (i.e. the copper mesh) can be obtained in real time during the test, so as to know whether the temperature difference between the sampling member 3044 and the flue gas meets the required temperature gradient. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0066] For example, the temperature difference between the temperatures collected by the third thermocouple and the second thermocouple can also form a control feedback, that is, when the temperature difference reaches the required temperature gradient, the power of the heating assembly 303 is maintained, so that the flue gas is at a suitable temperature; that is, when the temperature difference does not reach the required temperature gradient, the power of the heating assembly 303 is adjusted, so that the flue gas is adjusted to a suitable temperature.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 4 , the flue is sequentially provided with a stop valve 301, a flow equalizing member 302 and a transparent second window 306 in the flue according to the flow direction of the flue gas, and the second window 306 is arranged at a position corresponding to the sampling member 3044 of the flue to observe the sampling condition of the sampling member 3044.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 4 , the flue is sequentially provided with a stop valve 301, a flow equalizing member 302 and a transparent second window 306 in the flue according to the flow direction of the flue gas, and the second window 306 is arranged at a position corresponding to the sampling member 3044 of the flue to observe the sampling condition of the sampling member 3044.

[0069] In an illustrative embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 , the flue is sequentially provided with a stop valve 301, a flow equalizing member 302, a heating assembly 303 and a second window 306 along the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue (from bottom to top as shown in Figure 4 ). The stop valve 301 includes but is not limited to a butterfly valve to connect or cut off the condensation module 200 and the stop assembly; the flow equalizing member 302 includes but is not limited to a metal honeycomb to disperse the flue gas (containing smoke particles) passing through the metal honeycomb so that the flue gas is evenly distributed; the heating assembly 303 includes but is not limited to an electric heating wire to heat the flue gas passing through the heating assembly 303 to a temperature gradient that can form flue gas thermophoresis; the second window 306 is preferably arranged at a position where the sampling member 3044 can be observed to transmit external light so that the operator can observe the flue gas concentration in the flue. Further, the flue is sequentially provided with a plurality of second thermocouples 305 downstream of the heating assembly 303 along the flue gas flow direction to monitor in real time whether the flue gas heated by the heating assembly 303 reaches the preset temperature requirement (preferably to meet the temperature gradient requirement that can form flue gas thermophoresis). The first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 include but are not limited to a armored structure for installation, and the number of the first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 includes but is not limited to three. The heating assembly 303 includes but is not limited to providing flue gas with a temperature of up to 100°C; the first window, the second window 306 and the third window 502 include but are not limited to glass materials resistant to high temperature.

[0070] In a polyatomic ideal gas, for a spherical particle with a particle size smaller than the average free path of the gas molecules, the thermophoresis velocity (i.e. ) is proportional to the temperature gradient T, and is independent of the particle size, i.e.

[0071] (1)

[0072] For larger particles, a temperature gradient is established inside the particles, and the calculation is more complex, which can be represented by the following formula:

[0073] (2)

[0074] wherein, is the thermal migration velocity; is the viscosity of the gas; T is the temperature of the gas; C is the Cunningham slip correction factor; H is a coefficient related to the particle diameter dp, the mean free path of the gas molecules λ, and the thermal conductivities of the particle and the gas kpand ka, expressed as follows:

[0075] (3)

[0076] Based on the electrophoresis principle described in the above formula, the above embodiment heats the flue gas by the heating assembly 303 to increase the temperature of the flue gas, so as to form a temperature gradient with the sampling member 3044 (i.e. the copper mesh) located downstream (i.e. located in the heating assembly 303). When the smoke particles are in the flue gas in the temperature gradient, the gas molecules in the higher temperature part will collide with the particles at a higher kinetic energy than the gas molecules in the lower temperature part, so that when the smoke particles are collected, the smoke particles with a higher temperature will move to the sampling member 3044 (i.e. the copper mesh) with a lower temperature, thereby adhering to the carbon support film coated outside the copper mesh to achieve the purpose of sampling.

[0077] In an adapted embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 5 the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system further comprises a control module 600. In detail, the control module 600 comprises but is not limited to being in communication connection with at least part of the smoke making module 100, the coagulation module 200, the sampling module 300 and the adjusting module 400, and is suitable for controlling the action of at least part of the above modules. Wherein, the control module 600 comprises but is not limited to using a PLC (i.e. programmable logic controller) or any other control device suitable for sending control instructions to the above to make the corresponding module perform actions.

[0078] For example, the control module 600 can be used to drive the on and off of the air inlet mechanism 204 and the vacuum pump, so as to extract the air inside the second cavity in the sealed state of the second cavity, so as to be in a suitable pressure state; or, by extracting air through the vacuum pump to make the flue gas pass through the sampling member 3044 for sampling; or, by supplying air through the air inlet mechanism and extracting air through the vacuum pump to realize the cleaning of the second cavity.

[0079] For example, the control module 600 can be used to control the running time and / or running power of the adjusting module 400, so as to make the second cavity be in the required temperature condition.

[0080] For example, the control module 600 can be used to control the action of the first cylinder to switch the state of the interface, so as to make the first cavity and the second cavity conductive or closed. Similarly, the control module 600 can also control the second cylinder and the third cylinder to adjust the horizontal position and the circumferential position of the sampling element 3044.

[0081] For example, the control module 600 can be used to control the power of the heating wire on the carrier plate 101 and / or the heating assembly 303 in the flue to ignite the combustible or heat the flue gas in the flue.

[0082] For example, the control module 600 can be used to collect the temperature signals collected by the first thermocouple 205 and the second thermocouple 305 to monitor the working condition of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system in real time.

[0083] In such an embodiment, the control module 600 can realize the control and signal collection of other modules to monitor and control the test process in real time before and during the test. Each module is independent and detachable, which facilitates the transportation and on-site assembly of the smoke particle coagulation sampling system, and facilitates the cleaning of the system after the test, which can effectively prevent pollution during sampling and avoid interference with the sampling results.

[0084] According to the smoke particle coagulation sampling method based on the smoke particle coagulation sampling system provided by the present disclosure, the smoke particle coagulation sampling method comprises the following steps: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, comprising:

[0085] Step S110: The temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity are configured until the test condition is reached.

[0086] Step S120: Ignite the combustible to generate flue gas containing smoke particles and stand for a predetermined coagulation time.

[0087] Step S130: The flue gas is sucked by the collection module 300, and the sampling element 3044 in the second position in the sampling module is used for sampling.

[0088] Step S140: After sampling is completed, the sampling element 3044 is adjusted to the first position, and the sampling element 3044 is taken out under the condition that there is no obvious flue gas in the first window 202 and / or the second window 306, so as to obtain the sample of the smoke particles.

[0089] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the smoke particle coagulation sampling method further comprises the step S100 of opening the negative pressure mechanism of the collection module 300 and the air inlet mechanism 204 of the coagulation module 200 respectively to clean the second cavity.

[0090] In an illustrative embodiment, the sampling method based on the above smoke particle coagulation sampling system comprises:

[0091] Step S101: Assemble the cigarette making module 100, the coagulation module 200, the sampling module 300, the adjusting module 400 and the control module 600 on the cabinet, and debug and detect accordingly, so that the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system meets the test requirements;

[0092] Step S102: Start the vacuum pump of the sampling module 300 and run for a preset time (e.g. 30s) to clean the second cavity, so as to avoid the influence of impurity particles (e.g. dust) in the second cavity on subsequent sampling;

[0093] Step S111: Place a combustible material (e.g. cotton thread with a mass of 5g) on the object plate 101 of the cigarette making module 100, and make it contact with the heating wire;

[0094] Step S112: Adjust the temperature and pressure in the second cavity through the adjusting module 400, and after reaching the preset test conditions (e.g. 20℃, 0.5atm), close the vacuum pump, the stop valve and the valve of the air inlet mechanism 204 of the sampling module 300;

[0095] Step S121: Adjust the power (e.g. 700W) of the heating wire of the cigarette making module 100 to ignite the combustible material to generate smoke containing smoke particles, at this time, the heating assembly 307 in the sampling module 300 is enabled to preheat the flue, and after the smoke is roughly uniform, it is placed for a preset coagulation time (e.g. 600s);

[0096] Step S131: Open the stop valve 301 of the sampling module 300, and make the sampling piece 3044 in the sampling assembly 304 in the second position (i.e. extending into the flue) extended from the dark box 3042;

[0097] Step S132: Start the vacuum pump of the sampling module 300, so that the smoke containing smoke particles passes through the sampling piece 3044, and the sampling piece 3044 can be rotated so that the smoke particles are adsorbed on the surface of the sampling piece 3044;

[0098] Step S133: After the sampling piece 3044 reaches a preset sampling time (e.g. 1s), the sampling piece 3044 is reset to the first position in the dark box 3042;

[0099] Step S141: Close the heating wire of the cigarette making module 100 and the heating assembly 307 of the sampling module 300, maintain the running state of the vacuum pump, and after no obvious smoke (most of the smoke is extracted out of the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system) can be visually observed through the first window, the second window and the third window, close the vacuum pump, and remove the sampling piece from the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system to complete the sampling;

[0100] Step S142: Open the cabinet door 501 and the box door 201 in turn, and clean the smoke particle coagulation and sampling system.

[0101] In such an embodiment, based on the sampling method described above, the combustible can be uniformly heated and stable flue gas is generated. The flue gas can reach a preset coagulation time in the second cavity through the action of the stop valve 301 of the sampling assembly 300. When the stop valve 301 is turned on and the vacuum pump is running under negative pressure, the flue gas is heated to a suitable temperature gradient with the sampling element 3044, and effective sampling of smoke particles is realized according to the principle of thermal migration.

[0102] It should be further noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only with reference to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. When it may cause confusion in understanding the present application, the conventional structure or configuration will be omitted.

[0103] The above describes the embodiments of the present application. However, these embodiments are only for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Although each embodiment is described above, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present application, those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications, which should fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A smoke particle condensation sampling system, characterized in that: include: A cabinet (500) is provided with a first cavity, and the cabinet (500) is provided with a cabinet door (501) suitable for isolating the first cavity from the external environment; A condensation module (200) is provided in the first cavity, the condensation module (200) is provided with a second cavity, and the second cavity is suitable for accommodating combustion materials; A regulating module (400), adapted to regulate the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity; A smoke-making module (100) is arranged in the second cavity and is suitable for carrying and heating the combustion material so that the combustion material burns in the second cavity and generates smoke including smoke particles; The collection module (300) is in communication with the second cavity and is suitable for sucking and adsorbing at least a portion of the smoke particles.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The coagulation module (200) comprises: A box body, the box body being provided with a storage opening, a box door (201) being provided in the storage opening so as to be openable and closable, and when the box door (201) is in a closed state, the box door (201) and the inner wall of the box body define the second cavity; an air intake mechanism, connected to the air intake end of the box body, and adapted to provide positive pressure to the second cavity; and An interface (203) is provided on the box body and has a first state of connecting the first cavity and the second cavity, and a second state of disconnecting the first cavity and the second cavity, so as to adjust or maintain the temperature and / or pressure in the second cavity.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The top of the box is also provided with an exhaust port suitable for connecting the second cavity with the collection module (300); A plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged at intervals along the flow rate of the flue gas in the exhaust end to collect the flue gas temperature. The exhaust end is also provided with a transparent first window (202) to transmit external light and observe the flue gas concentration.

4. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The cigarette making module (100) comprises: A carrier plate (101) is provided at the bottom of the second cavity and is suitable for carrying the combustion material; and The heating wire is arranged on the carrier plate (101) and is suitable for igniting the combustible material.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The collection module (300) comprises a flue connected to a negative pressure mechanism, wherein at least one sampling component (304) is arranged in the flue, and the sampling component (304) comprises: A dark box (3042) is arranged in the flue; a sampling member (3044), adapted to collect at least a portion of the smoke particles entrained in the smoke; and The actuating portion is connected to the sampling member (3044) and is adapted to drive the sampling member (3044) to move between a first position located within the dark box (3042) and a second position extending from the dark box (3042), and is also adapted to drive the sampling member (3044) to rotate about a fixed axis within the flue to adjust the circumferential sampling position of the sampling member (3044).

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The flue is also provided with a heating component (303) upstream of the sampling piece (3044), which is suitable for heating the flue gas to a temperature higher than that of the sampling piece (3044), so that a temperature gradient is formed between the flue gas temperature and the sampling piece (3044).

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that A stop valve (301), a flow equalizer (302) and a transparent second window (306) are sequentially arranged in the flue according to the flue gas flow direction. The second window (306) is arranged at a position of the flue corresponding to the sampling component (3044) to observe the sampling situation of the sampling component (3044).

8. The system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that It comprises two sampling components (304), and the two sampling components (304) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flue.

9. A smoke particle condensation sampling method based on the smoke particle condensation sampling system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second chamber until the test conditions are reached; Ignite the combustion material to generate smoke containing smoke particles, and let it stand for a preset coagulation time; Smoking the smoke through the collection module (300), and sampling through the sampling member (3044) in the second position of the sampling module; After sampling is completed, the sampling piece (3044) is adjusted to the first position, and when there is no obvious smoke in the first window (202) and / or the second window (306), the sampling piece (3044) is taken out to obtain the sample of the smoke particles.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Before configuring the temperature and / or pressure of the second cavity until the test conditions are reached, the method further includes: The negative pressure mechanism of the collection module (300) and the air intake mechanism of the condensation module (200) are respectively opened to clean the second cavity.

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