A Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring Method for Water Conservancy and Soil Erosion

Abstract

The present invention discloses a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion, which relates to the technical field of the combination of water conservancy projects and remote sensing technology. The data collection module is used to collect and preprocess the monitoring data of remote sensing images, meteorology, and soil, extract the historical data stored in the storage module, and combine the current monitoring data, and substitute them into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT. Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, the adjustment direction and intensity of the soil and water conservation measures are formulated, and the monitoring data as well as the measures of the adjustment direction and intensity are stored in the storage module. The present invention realizes the comprehensive monitoring and quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of soil erosion by introducing scientific quantitative indicators and constructing a cyclic influence mechanism. This method not only solves the problems and deficiencies existing in the prior art, but also provides a scientific basis and decision-making support for the formulation and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the combination of water conservancy projects and remote sensing technology, and specifically to a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, the problem of water and soil loss has become increasingly serious. Water and soil loss not only leads to the degradation of land resources, but also seriously affects the ecological environment and agricultural production. Therefore, timely and accurate monitoring and assessment of water and soil loss have become an important task for protecting land resources, maintaining the ecological environment, and promoting sustainable development.

[0003] As a non-contact and long-distance detection technology, remote sensing technology has the advantages of wide coverage, large amount of information, and fast update speed. With the continuous progress of aerospace and aviation technologies, the resolution and accuracy of remote sensing images have been continuously improved, providing strong technical support for the dynamic monitoring of water and soil loss. Through remote sensing technology, it is possible to continuously and dynamically monitor the water and soil loss situation in a large area and for a long time series.

[0004] However, existing technologies mostly focus on the soil erosion intensity at a certain point in time and cannot comprehensively reflect the dynamic change process of water and soil loss. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures, existing technologies often lack scientific quantitative indicators and are difficult to accurately guide the adjustment and optimization of measures. In addition, it is difficult to integrate remote sensing data from different sources and at different time points, and it is difficult to form a systematic monitoring system. Finally, existing technologies have not fully considered the interaction and cyclic influence among soil erosion, vegetation cover, and soil and water conservation measures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy projects, which solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions, and the specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows:

[0007] Use the data collection module to collect and preprocess the monitoring data of remote sensing images, meteorology, and soil.

[0008] Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, and combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the change rate of water and soil loss rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT.

[0009] Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures.

[0010] The comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes a unit for evaluating the current soil erosion status, a unit for evaluating the dynamic trend of soil erosion changes, and a unit for providing directions for adjusting soil and water conservation measures;

[0011] The monitoring data and the measures for adjusting directions and intensities are stored in the storage module;

[0012] The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment, and soil sampling and analysis equipment;

[0013] The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment;

[0014] The equipment used in the storage module includes a server.

[0015] Optionally, the calculation formula of the unit for evaluating the current soil erosion status is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] T = PC × PD;

[0018] Where:

[0019] TQ is the soil erosion intensity index;

[0020] JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, and JY reflects the potential ability of rainfall to erode soil;

[0021] KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of the soil to erosion;

[0022] T is the terrain factor, and T reflects the impact of terrain on erosion;

[0023] PC is the slope length, and PD is the slope gradient;

[0024] Z is the vegetation cover and management factor, and Z reflects the protective effect of vegetation on soil;

[0025] BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion.

[0026] Optionally, the slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope surface. The slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of the erosion effect. The longer the slope length PC, the greater the energy accumulated by the water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil;

[0027] And the slope gradient PD refers to the inclination degree of the slope surface. The slope gradient PD determines the flow velocity and flow direction of the water flow on the slope surface. The greater the slope gradient PD, the faster the water flow velocity, and the more intense the scouring and erosion effects on the soil;

[0028] The terrain factor T combines two factors, namely the slope length PC and the slope gradient PD, and reflects the comprehensive impact of the terrain on soil erosion.

[0029] Optionally, the calculation formula for the unit evaluating the dynamic change trend of soil and water loss is as follows:

[0030] LS = [(TQ - TQ old ) / TQ old × [1 / (t now - t old )] × 100%;

[0031] Where:

[0032] LS is the change rate of soil and water loss rate;

[0033] TQ old is the soil erosion intensity of the previous year;

[0034] t now is the current time point;

[0035] t old is the time point of the previous year.

[0036] Optionally, the calculation formula for the unit providing the adjustment direction of soil and water conservation measures is as follows:

[0037] BCT = [(1 - (LS / 100) -0.5 )] × (Z / Z old ) 0.25 ;

[0038] Where:

[0039] BCT is the adjustment factor of soil and water conservation measures;

[0040] Z old is the vegetation cover and management factor of the previous year.

[0041] Optionally, the soil erosion intensity TQ old of the previous year, the time point t old of the previous year, and the vegetation cover and management factor Z old of the previous year are all corresponding values obtained within the same year limit and the same time point at the same regional location.

[0042] Optionally, the adjustment steps based on the unit providing the adjustment direction of soil and water conservation measures and historical data are as follows:

[0043] S1. Extract from the storage module the adjustment factor BCT of soil and water conservation measures of the previous year obtained within the same year limit and the same time point at the same regional location as the vegetation cover and management factor Z old of the previous yearold ;

[0044] S2. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT is higher than that of the previous year old , it indicates that the soil erosion rate is accelerating, and vegetation coverage should be increased, tillage methods should be improved, and soil and water conservation projects should be constructed;

[0045] S3. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT is lower than that of the previous year old , it indicates that the soil erosion rate is slowing down, and it should be maintained and continuously monitored.

[0046] Optionally, based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two comparison situations as follows;

[0047] Within the same year, select the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factors BCT of different regions and different plots in the previous year old for comparison to evaluate the implementation effects of soil and water conservation measures in different regions;

[0048] Select the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factors BCT of different previous years old for comparison to analyze the change trend and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

[0049] Optionally, the remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground spectrometers for obtaining remote sensing image data, the data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software for data processing and analysis, the meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations for collecting meteorological data, and the soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers for obtaining soil data.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] First, the present invention calculates the soil erosion intensity index TQ at different time points through the basic unit for evaluating the current soil erosion status, and calculates the change rate LS of the soil erosion rate through the unit for evaluating the dynamic change trend of soil erosion, realizing the quantitative monitoring of the dynamic change of soil erosion. At the same time, the unit for providing the adjustment direction of soil and water conservation measures calculates the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, providing a scientific basis for the adjustment and optimization of measures.

[0052] Second, the present invention fully considers the interaction and cyclic influence among soil erosion, vegetation coverage, and soil and water conservation measures. The calculation of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT not only considers the change in the soil erosion rate but also combines the change in vegetation coverage, forming a complete cyclic influence mechanism.

[0053] III. The present invention constructs a systematic remote sensing dynamic monitoring system for water and soil loss by integrating multi-source and multi-time-point remote sensing data. This system can achieve dynamic monitoring of water and soil loss in large-scale regions over long time series, improving the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring.

[0054] IV. Based on the obtained soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, the present invention can scientifically guide the formulation and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures. By continuously optimizing the measure plan, it can effectively slow down the rate of water and soil loss and protect the ecological environment and land resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 is the method flow chart of this remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy;

[0056] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive processing and evaluation module of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of different monitoring conditions of this remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] Regarding this remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy, it is different from traditional water and soil loss monitoring methods. Traditional water and soil loss monitoring methods often rely on on-site ground surveys, which have problems such as long monitoring cycles, high costs, and limited coverage. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, using remote sensing images for dynamic monitoring of water and soil loss has become an efficient and economical means. However, most existing remote sensing monitoring methods focus on the assessment of soil erosion intensity at a single time point, lacking quantitative analysis of the change in the rate of water and soil loss between different time points and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures. And this algorithm unit realizes comprehensive monitoring and quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes in water and soil loss by introducing scientific quantitative indicators and constructing a cyclic influence mechanism. This method not only solves the problems and deficiencies existing in the prior art but also provides a scientific basis and decision-making support for the formulation and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures.

[0060] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , this embodiment provides a remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water and soil loss in water conservancy, and the specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows:

[0061] Using the data collection module, collect and preprocess the monitoring data of remote sensing images, meteorology, and soil;

[0062] Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT;

[0063] Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures;

[0064] The comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes a unit for evaluating the current soil and water loss status, a unit for evaluating the dynamic soil and water loss change trend, and a unit for providing the adjustment direction of soil and water conservation measures;

[0065] Store the monitoring data, as well as the adjustment direction and intensity measures, in the storage module;

[0066] The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment, and soil sampling and analysis equipment;

[0067] The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment;

[0068] The equipment used in the storage module includes a server;

[0069] The remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground spectrometers, which are used to obtain remote sensing image data. The data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software, which are used for data processing and analysis. The meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations, which are used to collect meteorological data. The soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers, which are used to obtain soil data.

[0070] In this embodiment, the system, through the mutual cooperation of three algorithm units and combining the three operation results of TQ, LS, and BCT, jointly constitutes a solid foundation and strong support for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring method of water and soil loss in water conservancy. TQ is the soil erosion intensity index, which is the basis for evaluating the soil and water loss status, formulating soil and water conservation measures, and monitoring their effects. LS is the soil and water loss rate change rate, that is, it evaluates the relative change speed of soil erosion intensity between two different time points, which helps to understand the development trend of the soil and water loss status and provides a basis for formulating and adjusting soil and water conservation measures. BCT is the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor, which is based on the soil and water loss rate change rate LS and the vegetation cover and management factor Z and the vegetation cover and management factor Z of the previous year oldThe changes provide a quantitative basis for the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures. Moreover, the calculation results of BCT can also affect and feedback to the calculations of TQ and LS, making the three algorithms of this system highly correlated and intertwined, enabling the overall algorithm system to perform automated feedback and optimization according to the actual situation to be closer to reality.

[0071] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the calculation formula for the unit of the basic assessment of the current soil and water loss situation is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] T = PC × PD;

[0074] Where:

[0075] TQ is the soil erosion intensity index;

[0076] JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, and JY reflects the potential ability of rainfall to erode the soil;

[0077] KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of the soil to erosion;

[0078] T is the terrain factor, and T reflects the influence of terrain on erosion;

[0079] PC is the slope length, and PD is the slope gradient;

[0080] Z is the vegetation cover and management factor, and Z reflects the protective effect of vegetation on the soil;

[0081] BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion;

[0082] The slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope surface. The slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of the erosion effect. The longer the slope length PC, the greater the energy accumulated by the water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil;

[0083] The slope gradient PD refers to the inclination degree of the slope surface. The slope gradient PD determines the flow velocity and flow direction of the water flow on the slope surface. The greater the slope gradient PD, the faster the water flow velocity, and the more intense the scouring and erosion effects on the soil;

[0084] The terrain factor T synthesizes the two factors of the slope length PC and the slope gradient PD, reflecting the comprehensive influence of terrain on soil erosion.

[0085] In this embodiment: First, each factor in this algorithm unit is a key factor affecting the soil erosion intensity. Multiplying them and taking the square root is to comprehensively consider the influence of these factors and obtain a comprehensive index that can comprehensively reflect the soil erosion intensity, that is, the soil erosion intensity index TQ;

[0086] Through an accurate mathematical model, this algorithm unit comprehensively considers rainfall intensity, soil type, terrain slope, and vegetation coverage, and can accurately calculate the soil loss in specific plots or regions, providing detailed data support for soil and water conservation planning. Moreover, for different soil types and rainfall characteristics, the unit for basic assessment of the current soil and water loss situation can reflect the differences in soil erosion under different conditions, providing a basis for formulating differentiated treatment strategies.

[0087] The calculation of the rainfall erosivity factor JY not only considers rainfall amount but also rainfall intensity and rainfall duration to comprehensively reflect the impact of rainfall on soil erosion. The soil erodibility factor KQ is carefully classified and evaluated based on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including soil texture, structure, and organic matter content, to accurately reflect the sensitivity of the soil to erosion. The terrain factor T accurately calculates the slope terrain parameters of slope gradient PD and slope length PC through high-precision DEM data and GIS technology to reflect the accelerating effect of terrain on soil erosion. The vegetation cover and management factor Z evaluates the inhibitory effect of vegetation on soil erosion by combining remote sensing monitoring and ground surveys with information on vegetation type, coverage, and growth status.

[0088] The evaluation results of the soil erosion intensity index TQ not only provide a decision-making basis at the macro level for policymakers but also provide a detailed treatment plan for specific implementation departments, including determining key treatment areas and selecting appropriate treatment measures. For plots with different erosion intensities, different treatment priorities and goals can be formulated to achieve the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of resources.

[0089] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , and the calculation formula of the unit for evaluating the dynamic change trend of soil and water loss is as follows:

[0090] LS = [(TQ - TQ old ) / TQ old × [1 / (t now - t old )] × 100%;

[0091] Where:

[0092] LS is the rate of change of soil and water loss rate;

[0093] TQ old is the soil erosion intensity in the previous year;

[0094] t now is the current time point;

[0095] t old is the time point in the previous year.

[0096] In this embodiment, where [(TQ - TQ old) / TQ old This part calculates the relative change in soil erosion intensity from time point t nowda到 t old , if the result is positive, it indicates that soil erosion is intensifying, and if it is negative, it indicates that soil erosion is slowing down;

[0097] This algorithm unit can grasp the dynamic changes of soil and water loss in real time by regularly monitoring the soil erosion intensity at two time points, such as annually and quarterly, and calculating their change rates. Using time series analysis methods, it can predict the future trend of soil and water loss, providing a time window for formulating countermeasures in advance;

[0098] By comparing the change rate LS of the soil and water loss rate before and after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, the implementation effect of the measures can be accurately evaluated, including the speed and degree of slowing down soil erosion. For the effects of different measures, quantitative comparison and ranking can be carried out, providing a basis for selecting the optimal measures;

[0099] This embodiment provides more detailed decision-making information for decision-makers, including which areas need to be key treated and which measures need to be implemented preferentially. Combining with GIS technology, it can visually display the spatial distribution of the change rate LS of the soil and water loss rate, providing more intuitive and comprehensive decision-making support for decision-makers.

[0100] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the calculation formula for the unit providing the adjustment direction of soil and water conservation measures is as follows:

[0101] BCT = [(1 - (LS / 100) -0.5 )] × (Z / Z old ) 0.25 ;

[0102] Where:

[0103] BCT is the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor;

[0104] Z old is the vegetation cover and management factor of the previous year.

[0105] In this embodiment, this algorithm unit first, [(1 - (LS / 100) -0.5 )] this part first calculates the difference between 1 and the change rate LS of soil and water loss rate, and then takes the square root of this difference. This is done to perform a non-linear transformation on the change rate LS of soil and water loss rate, making the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT more sensitive to the change of the change rate LS of soil and water loss rate. When the change rate LS of soil and water loss rate is large, that is, soil and water loss intensifies, the result of this part will decrease, thus prompting the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT to increase, indicating that soil and water conservation measures need to be enhanced;

[0106] (Z / Z old ) 0.25 The result of this part will be greater than 1, further prompting the increase of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, indicating that the vegetation protection and management should be continuously strengthened. On the contrary, if the vegetation cover deteriorates, the result of this part will be less than 1, but due to the existence of the previous part [(1-(LS / 100) -0.5 )], the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT will still increase, but the increasing range will be inhibited;

[0107] The calculation result of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of this algorithm unit provides specific quantitative indicators for the adjustment of soil and water conservation measures, including the adjustment ratio and direction of measures. For areas with different soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values, specific adjustment plans can be formulated, including increasing vegetation cover, building sediment retention dams, and changing tillage methods;

[0108] The soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT not only considers the change rate LS of soil and water loss rate, but also takes into account the improvement of vegetation cover, that is, Z / Z old , and then realizes the comprehensive evaluation of the soil and water conservation effect. Through the calculation of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, the influence of various factors on the soil and water conservation effect can be comprehensively considered, providing a basis for formulating comprehensive treatment plans;

[0109] The calculation result of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT can guide the further optimization of future soil and water conservation measures, forming a continuous improvement mechanism. With the implementation of treatment measures and the improvement of the ecological environment, the value of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT will change, thus triggering a new adjustment and optimization process, forming a virtuous cycle.

[0110] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , the time point t of the previous year old , the vegetation cover and management factor Z of the previous year old are all the corresponding values obtained within the same year limit and the same time point at the same location in the same area;

[0111] The adjustment steps based on the provided soil and water conservation measure adjustment direction unit and historical data are as follows:

[0112] S1. Extract the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year obtained within the same year limit and the same time point at the same location as the vegetation cover and management factor Z of the previous year from the storage module old ; old ;

[0113] S2. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT is higher than the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous yearold , it indicates that the soil and water loss rate is accelerating. Vegetation cover should be increased, tillage methods should be improved, and soil and water conservation projects should be constructed;

[0114] S3. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT is lower than the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the soil and water loss rate is slowing down, and it should be maintained and continuously monitored.

[0115] In this embodiment, this algorithm unit is based on the comparison of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old of the result value. Generally speaking, the soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , the time point t of the previous year old , the vegetation cover and management factor Z of the previous year old and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old can be the corresponding values of a base year or the time point of the previous monitoring week. And the above values must come from the same time value in the same area to ensure the accuracy of the current monitoring and adjustment direction;

[0116] Under the guidance of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, the soil and water conservation measures can be continuously optimized and adjusted, forming a mechanism of continuous improvement. This improvement is not only reflected in the perfection of the measures themselves, but also in the accurate grasp of key factors such as soil erosion and vegetation cover;

[0117] The cyclic influence mechanism enables the soil and water conservation work to form an accumulative effect of long-term benefits. With the continuous implementation of the control measures and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment, soil erosion will be effectively controlled and vegetation cover will be improved, thus realizing the sustainable development of the regional ecological environment;

[0118] Based on the evaluation results of the cyclic influence and the quantitative guidance of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, decision-makers can formulate more in-depth and scientific soil and water conservation strategies. These strategies will fully consider the interaction and cyclic influence among soil erosion, vegetation cover and control measures to ensure the effectiveness and pertinence of the measures.

[0119] Embodiment 2. Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two comparison situations as follows;

[0120] Within the same year, select the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT of different regions and different plots in the previous year old for comparison to evaluate the implementation effects of soil and water conservation measures in different regions;

[0121] Select the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT for the previous year in different years old Compare them to analyze the changing trends and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

[0122] In this embodiment, within the same year, comparing the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT for different regions or different plots can bring the following effects:

[0123] By comparing the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values for different regions within the same time period, the implementation effects of soil and water conservation measures in each region can be visually evaluated. A region with a lower soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT value indicates more effective soil and water conservation measures, while a region with a higher soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT value needs to strengthen measures or adjust strategies;

[0124] The comparison results can also provide opportunities for experience sharing and learning among regions. Regions with lower soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values and good soil and water conservation effects can share their successful experiences and practices to help other regions improve and enhance;

[0125] Based on the comparison results, decision-makers can more reasonably allocate soil and water conservation resources, investing more resources and attention in regions with higher soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values to improve the soil and water conservation conditions in these regions;

[0126] The comparison results can also provide a basis for policy adjustment for the government and relevant agencies. If it is found that the soil and water conservation measures in certain regions are generally ineffective, relevant policies and standards need to be reexamined and adjusted;

[0127] Selecting the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT for different years for comparison can bring the following effects:

[0128] By comparing the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values for different years, the changing trends of soil and water conservation measures over time can be analyzed. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT value decreases year by year, it indicates that the soil and water conservation measures are gradually achieving results. On the contrary, if the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT value increases, it means that measures need to be further strengthened or strategies adjusted;

[0129] The comparison results can also be used to evaluate the overall effects of soil and water conservation measures. By comparing the changes in the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT values before and after the implementation of measures, it can be visually seen whether the measures are effective and the magnitude of the effects;

[0130] Based on the comparison results, decision-makers can timely adjust soil and water conservation strategies. If it is found that certain measures are ineffective or the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT value continues to rise, these measures need to be reevaluated and adjusted to better adapt to the actual situation and needs;

[0131] The comparison of the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT among different years is also helpful for establishing a long-term monitoring and planning mechanism. By regularly comparing the changes in the BCT values of soil and water conservation measures, potential problems and risks can be detected in a timely manner, providing strong data support and decision-making basis for future soil and water conservation work;

[0132] In summary, the comparison among different regions in the same year and the comparison among different years are both important means to evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures. They not only help to understand the current soil and water conservation situation and existing problems, but also can provide strong support and guidance for the formulation and adjustment of future measures.

[0133] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion, characterized in that: The specific monitoring implementation steps are as follows: Use the data collection module to collect and pre-process remote sensing images, meteorological and soil monitoring data; Extract the historical data stored in the storage module, combine it with the current monitoring data, and substitute it into the comprehensive processing and evaluation module to obtain the soil erosion intensity index TQ, the soil and water loss rate change rate LS, and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT; Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment factor BCT, formulate the adjustment direction and intensity of soil and water conservation measures; The comprehensive treatment and evaluation module includes a basic evaluation unit for the current soil and water loss status, a dynamic soil and water loss change trend evaluation unit, and a unit for providing soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction; The monitoring data and the measures for adjusting the direction and strength are stored in the storage module.

2. The remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 1 is characterized by: The equipment used in the data collection module includes remote sensing equipment, meteorological observation equipment and soil sampling and analysis equipment; The equipment used in the comprehensive processing and evaluation module includes data processing equipment; The devices used by the storage module include a server.

3. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the basic assessment unit of the current soil and water loss status is as follows: ； T = PC × PD; in: TQ is the soil erosion intensity index; JY is the rainfall erosivity factor, which reflects the potential of rainfall on soil erosion; KQ is the soil erodibility factor, and KQ reflects the sensitivity of soil to erosion; T is the topographic factor, which reflects the impact of topography on erosion; PC is the slope length, PD is the slope; Z is the vegetation coverage and management factor, which reflects the protective effect of vegetation on soil; BC is the soil and water conservation measure factor, and BC reflects the mitigation effect of human activities on soil erosion.

4. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slope length PC refers to the distance that water flows on the slope surface. The slope length PC affects the accumulation of water flow energy and the duration of erosion. The longer the slope length PC, the greater the energy accumulated by water flow during the flow process, and the stronger the erosion effect on the soil. The slope PD refers to the inclination of the slope surface. The slope PD determines the flow rate and direction of water on the slope surface. The larger the slope PD, the faster the water flow rate, and the more severe the scouring and erosion of the soil. The terrain factor T combines the slope length PC and slope gradient PD to reflect the comprehensive impact of terrain on soil erosion.

5. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula for evaluating the dynamic soil and water loss change trend unit is as follows: ； in: LS is the rate of change of soil erosion; TQ old is the soil erosion intensity of the previous year; t now is the current time point; t old The time point is the previous year.

6. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for providing the soil and water conservation measures adjustment direction unit is as follows: ； in: BCT is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor; Z old It is the vegetation coverage and management factor of the previous year.

7. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil erosion intensity TQ of the previous year old , the time point t of the previous year old , the vegetation cover and management factor Z in the previous year old These are the corresponding values ​​obtained in the same region, location, and year at the same time point.

8. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment steps based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT and historical data are as follows: S1, extracting vegetation coverage and management factor Z of the previous year from the storage module old The soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year obtained in the same region, location, and time period old ; S2. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is higher than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is accelerating, and we should increase vegetation coverage, improve farming methods, and build soil and water conservation projects; S3. If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT is lower than the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , it indicates that the rate of soil erosion is slowing down and should be maintained and continuously monitored.

9. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 8, characterized in that: Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year old , there are two contrast situations as follows; In the same year, select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different regions and plots old Make comparisons and evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in different regions; Select the soil and water conservation measures adjustment factor BCT of the previous year in different years old Make comparisons and analyze the changing trends and effects of soil and water conservation measures over time.

10. A remote sensing dynamic monitoring method for water conservancy and soil erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The remote sensing equipment includes satellites, drones, and ground spectrometers for acquiring remote sensing image data; the data processing equipment includes high-performance computers, servers, and GIS software for data processing and analysis; the meteorological observation equipment includes rain gauges and weather stations for collecting meteorological data; and the soil sampling and analysis equipment includes soil drills and soil analyzers for acquiring soil data.

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