Seismic data evaluation method for oil field development geological research

Abstract

The invention relates to a seismic data evaluation method for oil field development geological research. The method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring seismic data and logging data of a to-be-researched area; s2, based on the seismic data, carrying out structure-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation; s3, based on the combination of the logging data and the seismic data, carrying out reservoir-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation; s4, based on the combination of the logging data and the seismic data, carrying out fluid feature-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation; s5, based on the combination of the logging data and the seismic data, carrying out structure-oriented post-stack seismic data quality evaluation; and S6, based on the combination of the logging data and the seismic data, carrying out reservoir-oriented post-stack seismic data quality evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, and in particular to a seismic data evaluation method for oil field development geological research. Background Art

[0002] As oilfield development continues, geological research becomes increasingly difficult, and the quality of seismic data becomes increasingly important in detailed oil and gas reservoir research in oilfield development.

[0003] At present, the evaluation of seismic data is mainly based on the qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the quality of seismic data from the perspectives of macro-structural interpretation, sequence interpretation and large fault interpretation needs. However, there is no systematic comprehensive geological and geophysical method for evaluating the quality of seismic data based on the interpretation of structural fracture characteristics such as small faults and low-amplitude structures in the development stage and the purpose of fine reservoir (such as internal structure of reservoir, etc.) and fluid research.

[0004] Especially under the current conditions of sparse offshore well networks, it is particularly important to conduct detailed research on structures, reservoirs, and fluids based on seismic data, which is directly related to the efficient utilization of reserves in the later stage, well network deployment, injection and production effects, and prediction of remaining oil distribution, which puts higher requirements on the quality of seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research. The method is guided by geological research in the development stage, conducts seismic data quality assessment, and forms a geologically guided pre-stack and post-stack seismic data system evaluation method. The method can carry out detailed research on structure, reservoir, and fluid based on logging data and seismic data.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research, the method comprising:

[0008] S1, obtaining seismic data and well logging data of the area to be studied;

[0009] S2, based on the seismic data, conducting a structural-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation;

[0010] S3, conducting reservoir-oriented prestack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0011] S4, conducting a pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation oriented to fluid characteristics based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0012] S5, conducting a quality evaluation of post-stack seismic data oriented to structure based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0013] S6, conducting reservoir-oriented post-stack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data.

[0014] In one implementation, the S2 includes:

[0015] Seismic gathers are extracted based on pre-stack gather data in the seismic data, and multiple wave quality assessment of the seismic data and seismic data gather flattening quality assessment are performed.

[0016] In one implementation, S3 includes: seismic signal-to-noise ratio assessment and seismic amplitude preservation qualitative assessment; wherein,

[0017] Seismic signal-to-noise ratio assessment, specifically:

[0018] Based on the pre-stack gather data, seismic gathers are extracted to conduct qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

[0019] Based on the pre-stack gather data, low-pass and high-pass filtering methods are used to carry out qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, and

[0020] Based on the pre-stack angle partial stack data, a qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data was conducted;

[0021] Qualitative assessment of earthquake amplitude preservation, specifically:

[0022] Based on the pre-stack gather data, a qualitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data was carried out using the typical well seismic forward modeling method.

[0023] In one implementation, the step S4 includes:

[0024] Based on actual drilling data, the seismic forward modeling method of typical wells is used to carry out qualitative evaluation of fluid characteristics;

[0025] Based on the partial stacking data of pre-stack angles, sensitive attributes are extracted and qualitative evaluation of fluid characteristics is carried out.

[0026] In one implementation, the method S5 includes:

[0027] Based on post-stack seismic data, sensitive attributes are extracted through time windows to conduct seismic acquisition footprint assessment;

[0028] Based on post-stack seismic data, the accuracy of seismic fault imaging is evaluated by combining sections and planes;

[0029] Based on post-stack seismic data and fine well-seismic calibration, the earthquake structure amplitude accuracy assessment is carried out.

[0030] In one implementation, the method S6 includes:

[0031] Based on post-stack seismic data, conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio of post-stack seismic data;

[0032] Based on post-stack seismic data, fine well-seismic calibration of typical wells was carried out to conduct qualitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data;

[0033] Based on post-stack seismic data, sensitive seismic attributes are extracted and quantitative evaluation of the amplitude preservation of seismic data is carried out;

[0034] Based on post-stack seismic data, the seismic spectrum is extracted to conduct a quantitative assessment of the seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness;

[0035] Based on post-stack seismic data, fine well-seismic calibration of typical wells is carried out to conduct qualitative evaluation of seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness;

[0036] Based on post-stack seismic data and model forward analysis, quantitative evaluation of seismic data resolution for reservoir structure is carried out.

[0037] The present invention discloses a seismic data quality evaluation method for oilfield development geological research, targeting at structure, To meet the geological research needs of reservoirs, fluids, etc., a set of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data systems oriented to geological research has been formed. The evaluation method provides important technical support for further optimization of subsequent seismic data and efficient development and program adjustment of underground oil and gas reservoirs. In addition, it also has the following advantages:

[0038] 1. Form a set of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data evaluation methods guided by geological research, which makes up for the shortcomings of seismic data evaluation based only on seismic data itself;

[0039] 2. Combine geological model forward modeling, actual drilling data and other information to conduct seismic data quality assessment, guide subsequent seismic data optimization processing, and make the research results more consistent with underground geological characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A flow chart of a seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A multiple wave evaluation profile of a seismic gather in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 3 A flattened evaluation profile of a seismic gather in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 4 A profile diagram for qualitatively evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic gather data in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 5A profile diagram for qualitatively evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio of low-pass / high-pass filtering of seismic gather data in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 6 A profile diagram for qualitatively evaluating low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic angle stack data in one embodiment;

[0046] Figure 7 A pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation diagram for a typical well seismic forward modeling fluid characteristic analysis in an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 8 A pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation diagram for seismic sensitive attribute fluid characteristic analysis in one embodiment;

[0048] Fig. 9 A seismic quality assessment map of tomography accuracy in one embodiment;

[0049] Fig.10 A seismic quality assessment map of seismic tectonic amplitude accuracy in one embodiment;

[0050] Fig.11 A quantitative evaluation diagram of the signal-to-noise ratio of post-stack seismic data in one embodiment;

[0051] Fig.12 A qualitative assessment diagram of seismic amplitude preservation of well-seismic calibration of post-stack seismic data in one embodiment;

[0052] Fig.13 A quantitative assessment diagram of seismic amplitude preservation of post-stack seismic data in one embodiment;

[0053] Fig.14 A quantitative evaluation diagram of post-stack seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness in one embodiment;

[0054] Fig.15 A qualitative evaluation diagram of post-stack seismic data resolution based on well-seismic calibration towards reservoir thickness in one embodiment;

[0055] Fig.16 A diagram showing a qualitative assessment of the resolution of post-stack seismic data oriented toward reservoir structure based on model forward modeling in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] In view of the defects and problems of the prior art, this application provides a seismic data for oil field development geological research Evaluation method, the method comprising:

[0058] S1, obtaining seismic data and well logging data of the area to be studied;

[0059] S2, based on the seismic data, conducting a structural-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation;

[0060] S3, conducting reservoir-oriented prestack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0061] S4, conducting a pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation oriented to fluid characteristics based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0062] S5, conducting a quality evaluation of post-stack seismic data oriented to structure based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data;

[0063] S6, conducting reservoir-oriented post-stack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data.

[0064] In combination with more drawings of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figures 2 to 16 , the process of the above method is described in a more detailed embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] like Figure 1 , a flow chart of a seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research is provided, the method comprising:

[0066] Step A, using seismic data, conducts pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation for tectonic research. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] Step A1: Extract seismic gathers based on pre-stack gather data and conduct multiple wave quality assessment of seismic data;

[0068] Step A2: Extract seismic gathers based on pre-stack gather data and conduct seismic data gather flattening quality assessment.

[0069] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the seismic long-channel gathers have the characteristics of being fat and uneven, and there are long-channel multiple waves in the seismic data;

[0070] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that in the through-well pre-stack offset gathers, the long-track seismic phase axis of the target layer is uneven and the seismic amplitude fidelity is poor.

[0071] Step B, using well logging and seismic data, conduct pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation for reservoir research. The specific steps are as follows:

[0072] Step B1: Based on the pre-stack gather data, extract seismic gathers and conduct qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data;

[0073] Step B2: Based on the pre-stack gather data, low-pass and high-pass filtering methods are used to conduct qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data;

[0074] Step B3: Based on the pre-stack angle partial stack data, qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is carried out by comparing the seismic data of different angles on the same line / trace;

[0075] Step B4: Based on the pre-stack gather data, the typical well seismic forward modeling method is used to conduct a qualitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data by comparing the consistency of the relationship between the synthetic record and the reflection wave amplitude change in different time windows of the wellside seismic trace.

[0076] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the offset gather is well flattened. After the CRP gather is converted into an angle gather, the waveform is uniform after 30°. Consistency Deterioration; advantage angle is 10 ~ 35°, greater than 35°, the seismic noise is large and the signal-to-noise ratio is low, which determines the prestack Seismic inversion advantage angle;

[0077] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the frequency scan of the migration data shows that the signal-to-noise is relatively high at both the high and low frequency ends of the seismic data;

[0078] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that after the angle stacking section reaches 30 degrees, the seismic signal-to-noise ratio decreases significantly;

[0079] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the relationship between the amplitude changes of reflection waves in different time windows of synthetic records is consistent with the relationship between the amplitude changes of reflection waves in different time windows of wellside seismic traces, and the seismic data has good amplitude preservation in the vertical direction.

[0080] Step C, using well logging and seismic data, conduct prestack seismic data quality evaluation for fluid characteristics research. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] Step C1: Based on the actual drilling data, the seismic forward modeling method of typical wells is used to analyze the variation of the amplitude of different fluids with the increase of offset distance, and to carry out qualitative evaluation of fluid characteristics;

[0082] Step C2: Based on the pre-stack angle partial stacking data, extract the root mean square seismic sensitivity attributes of the target layer of the near, middle and far partial angle stacking data, and conduct a qualitative assessment of the fluid characteristics.

[0083] Depend on Figure 8It can be seen that, taking Well-3 well, which encountered different fluids, as an example, the AVO forward model was made using Ricker wavelet. As the offset distance gradually increases, the seismic amplitude of gas-bearing and oil-bearing sandstones gradually increases, but the enhancement amplitude of gas-bearing sandstones is much greater than that of oil-bearing sandstones; the amplitude of water-bearing sandstones decreases with the increase of offset distance. According to the AVO anomaly classification standard, the gas-bearing reservoir in the target area is a Class III AVO anomaly.

[0084] Depend on Fig. 9 It can be seen that near Well-3, the root mean square seismic amplitude of the gas-bearing reservoir gradually increases from the stacking data of the near-track part to the stacking data of the far-track part, which is the characteristic of Class III AVO.

[0085] Step D, using well logging and seismic data, conduct post-stack seismic data quality evaluation for structural research. The specific steps are as follows:

[0086] Step D1: Based on the post-stack seismic data, extract the root mean square seismic attributes in the time window and conduct seismic acquisition footprint assessment;

[0087] Step D2: Based on the post-stack seismic data, the seismic profile is combined with the coherent time plane to conduct a qualitative assessment of the seismic fault imaging accuracy;

[0088] Step D3: Based on the post-stack seismic data, fine well-seismic calibration is performed to produce a multi-well time-depth relationship superposition map and a target layer average seismic velocity plane map, and conduct an earthquake structure amplitude accuracy assessment.

[0089] Depend on Fig.10 It can be seen that the fault breakpoints and cross-section images of the target layer in the seismic profile are clear, and the coherent time plane can clearly reflect the direction of the fault plane, meeting the needs of structural research.

[0090] Depend on Fig.11 It can be seen that the time-depth relationship trends of multiple wells are consistent, the velocity at the high part of the structure is smaller than the seismic velocity at the low part of the structure, and the seismic structural amplitude accuracy is higher.

[0091] Step E, using well logging and seismic data, conduct post-stack seismic data quality evaluation for reservoir research, including the following steps:

[0092] Step E1: Based on the post-stack seismic data, a typical seismic profile is prepared to carry out a qualitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio of the post-stack seismic data; the signal-to-noise ratio histogram of the target layer is extracted to carry out a quantitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0093] Step E2: Based on post-stack seismic data, fine well calibration of typical wells is performed, and the amplitude preservation of seismic data is qualitatively evaluated by comparing the consistency of the relationship between the synthetic record and the reflection wave amplitude change in different time windows of the seismic trace near the well;

[0094] Step E3: Based on the post-stack seismic data, extract the sensitive seismic attributes of the target reservoir, make a cross-plot of reservoir thickness and seismic sensitivity attributes, and conduct a quantitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data;

[0095] Step E4: Based on the post-stack seismic data, extract the seismic spectrum, and count the actual drilling reservoir thickness of the target layer, and conduct a quantitative evaluation of the seismic data resolution for the reservoir thickness;

[0096] Step E5: Based on the post-stack seismic data, make fine well-seismic calibration of different main frequency wavelets of typical wells, and conduct qualitative evaluation of seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness;

[0097] Step E6: Based on the post-stack seismic data and model forward analysis, conduct a quantitative assessment of the seismic data resolution for the reservoir structure.

[0098] Depend on Fig.12 It can be seen that the relationship between the amplitude changes of the reflection waves in different time windows of the synthetic record and the amplitude changes of the reflection waves in different time windows of the seismic traces near the well are consistent with each other, and the amplitude preservation of the seismic data is good in the vertical direction.

[0099] Depend on Fig.13 It can be seen that the correlation coefficient between reservoir thickness and seismic sensitivity attributes is about 0.72, the two have good correlation, the seismic data has good amplitude preservation, and reservoir thickness prediction can be carried out based on seismic attributes;

[0100] Depend on Fig.14 It can be seen that the seismic bandwidth is about 4 to 45 Hz, the main frequency is about 20 Hz, and the seismic resolution is about 40 m (1 / 4λ) based on the layer velocity of about 3000 m / s. The reservoir thickness is concentrated between 12 and 20 m. It is difficult to identify a single sandstone reservoir based on the current seismic data.

[0101] Depend on Fig.15 It can be seen that as the main frequency of the wavelet increases, the seismic resolution of the synthetic record is improved, and when the main frequency reaches 40 Hz, a single sand body with a thickness of about 20 m can be identified;

[0102] Depend on Fig.16 It can be seen that the seismic reflection of the sand bodies encountered in Well-1 and Well-2 wells is the superimposed response of three phases of sand bodies: sand body-1, sand body-2 and sand body-3; the seismic reflection structural characteristics of the model forward reservoir are consistent with the actual seismic response, indicating that the seismic data of the current resolution meets the needs of detailed research on the internal structure of the reservoir and can be used to guide the detailed dissection of the internal structure of the reservoir between wells.

[0103] In another embodiment, this embodiment provides a computer system. The system provided in this embodiment can implement the aforementioned seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research, and the system can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the system can include integrated or separate functional modules or functional units to execute the corresponding steps in the embodiment method.

[0104] The present application also provides a device, which can be a processing device for a client, such as a mobile phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, etc., to perform a seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research.

[0105] The processing device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface and a bus. The processor, the memory and the communication interface are connected through the bus to complete the communication between them. The memory stores the computer program that can be run on the processor. Computer Program The processor executes the computer program to execute the seismic data for oil field development geological research. Evaluation system.

[0106] Preferably, the memory may be a high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0107] Preferably, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) or other general-purpose processors of various types, which are not limited here.

[0108] Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research.

[0109] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the above units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0110] The above-mentioned integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned software functional unit is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (Processor) to perform some steps of the above-mentioned method of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0111] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1, obtaining seismic data and well logging data of the area to be studied; S2, based on the seismic data, conducting a structural-oriented pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation; S3, conducting reservoir-oriented prestack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data; S4, conducting a pre-stack seismic data quality evaluation oriented to fluid characteristics based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data; S5, conducting a quality evaluation of post-stack seismic data oriented to structure based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data; S6, conducting reservoir-oriented post-stack seismic data quality evaluation based on the combination of the well logging data and the seismic data.

2. The seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 includes: Seismic gathers are extracted based on pre-stack gather data in the seismic data, and multiple wave quality assessment of the seismic data and seismic data gather flattening quality assessment are performed.

3. The seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 includes: seismic signal-to-noise ratio assessment and seismic amplitude preservation qualitative assessment; wherein, Seismic signal-to-noise ratio assessment, specifically: Based on the pre-stack gather data, seismic gathers are extracted to conduct qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. Based on the pre-stack gather data, low-pass and high-pass filtering methods are used to carry out qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, and Based on the pre-stack angle partial stack data, a qualitative evaluation of the seismic signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data was conducted; Qualitative assessment of earthquake amplitude preservation, specifically: Based on the pre-stack gather data, a qualitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data was carried out using the typical well seismic forward modeling method.

4. The seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 includes: Based on actual drilling data, the seismic forward modeling method of typical wells is used to carry out qualitative evaluation of fluid characteristics; Based on the partial stacking data of pre-stack angles, sensitive attributes are extracted and qualitative evaluation of fluid characteristics is carried out.

5. The seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method S5 comprises: Based on post-stack seismic data, sensitive attributes are extracted through time windows to conduct seismic acquisition footprint assessment; Based on post-stack seismic data, the accuracy of seismic fault imaging is evaluated by combining sections and planes; Based on post-stack seismic data and fine well-seismic calibration, the earthquake structure amplitude accuracy assessment is carried out.

6. The seismic data evaluation method for oilfield development geological research according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method S6 comprises: Based on post-stack seismic data, conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio of post-stack seismic data; Based on post-stack seismic data, fine well-seismic calibration of typical wells was carried out to conduct qualitative assessment of the amplitude preservation of seismic data; Based on post-stack seismic data, sensitive seismic attributes are extracted and quantitative evaluation of the amplitude preservation of seismic data is carried out; Based on post-stack seismic data, the seismic spectrum is extracted to conduct a quantitative assessment of the seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness; Based on post-stack seismic data, fine well-seismic calibration of typical wells is carried out to conduct qualitative evaluation of seismic data resolution for reservoir thickness; Based on post-stack seismic data and model forward analysis, quantitative evaluation of seismic data resolution for reservoir structure is carried out.

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