System and method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for monitoring the health and intelligent management of ancient buildings. The method comprises the following steps: traversing ancient building information elements, studying factors influencing health status, establishing a hierarchical system, building a hierarchical database, configuring software and hardware and designing functions, developing an intelligent management platform, creating a building twin model, deploying and testing IoT devices, deploying drone inspection devices, coding combination and information mapping, platform data preprocessing, data feature extraction and analysis, assessment and early warning, taking appropriate measures, and summarizing and improving. This invention relates to the field of ancient building protection technology and can address the existing problems of damage to ancient buildings during monitoring equipment installation, lack of data processing and early warning, and low public participation in ancient building protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ancient building protection, and particularly relates to a system and method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management. BACKGROUND

[0002] As important cultural heritage, ancient buildings have important historical, cultural and artistic value, and their protection is crucial. With the passage of time, ancient buildings will be affected by various factors such as natural environment and human factors, leading to building structure aging, disease occurrence, and even potential safety hazards. If these hazards are not discovered and addressed in a timely manner, the resulting losses are incalculable. Traditional manual inspection and periodic detection methods have low efficiency, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, are costly, have untimely information, and have many limitations, and cannot timely discover potential hazards, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern ancient building protection.

[0003] The existing technology of ancient building health monitoring method mostly only focuses on data collection and storage, lacks data analysis and intelligent processing, and cannot effectively perform early warning and management. The main shortcomings are as follows:

[0004] 1. The monitoring equipment of the prior art usually needs to be installed on the surface of the ancient building, which will cause a certain degree of impact on the appearance and structure of the ancient building, and may damage the original features of the ancient building, and even may pose a potential threat to the structural stability of the ancient building.

[0005] 2. The monitoring data may be disturbed by environmental factors, resulting in insufficient data accuracy and difficulty in accurately reflecting the true condition of the building; and the obtained data mostly relies on manual analysis, and an effective early warning and emergency response mechanism has not been established, making it difficult to timely discover potential hazards and low in efficiency.

[0006] 3. The scope of participation in protection is mainly for professionals, and lacks the participation of the public and the guidance of the public to protect ancient buildings, resulting in insufficient awareness of the public to protect ancient buildings.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system and method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management, which can solve the problems of damage to ancient buildings during installation of monitoring equipment, lack of data processing and early warning, and low public participation in ancient building protection in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application relates to the technical field of ancient building protection, and particularly relates to a system and method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management.

[0009] The present application is implemented as follows:

[0010] A method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the diachronic state influencing factors of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their influence degree;

[0012] Step 2: According to the influencing factors and the influence degree, establish a health state grading system for ancient buildings;

[0013] Step 3: Fuse various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database, and store static data and dynamic data in different levels of databases by adopting database hierarchical design;

[0014] Step 4: Design and realize functions by software and hardware according to influencing factors, monitor the structure and environment of ancient buildings by combining sensors, cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles, and develop and manage by networking;

[0015] Step 5: Design and develop an intelligent management platform based on a twin engine, connect each port by cloud service to realize data storage, calculation and analysis, and form a data visualization board;

[0016] Step 6: Establish a real scene twin model of the target ancient building by combining forward and reverse methods, and convert the real scene twin model by hierarchical conversion according to the characteristics of the ancient building model;

[0017] Step 7: Deploy sensors according to the characteristics of the monitored ancient building, and test by networking, and integrate IoT equipment shielding devices into ancient buildings;

[0018] Step 8: Code combination and information mapping according to the characteristics of the real scene twin model, bind the sensing data and the real scene twin model by using the coding system, and locate the data source;

[0019] Step 9: Select appropriate positions around the ancient building, install unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop transfer device, use unmanned aerial vehicle to carry RTK and visual recognition equipment, and link with unmanned aerial vehicle control system to autonomously control unmanned aerial vehicle to patrol and inspect the ancient building, and expand the monitoring range;

[0020] Step 10: Transmit the monitoring data of the sensors and the patrol inspection data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle to the intelligent management platform, clean and pretreat the collected monitoring data by the intelligent management platform, and eliminate noise and abnormal values;

[0021] Step 11: Feature extraction and pattern recognition are performed on the cleaned and pretreated data, and a visualization board is generated by fusion, a protection threshold database is connected, and when the monitored data reaches the grading threshold, an early warning information is sent and corresponding early warning measures are responded.

[0022] The influencing factors in step 1 include the construction year, material, structure, use environment, historical maintenance record, and surrounding environment change of the ancient building, and the influencing factors include: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, humidity; human factors: change of use mode, inadequate maintenance, surrounding environmental pollution; building itself factors: material aging, structural defects, pest damage, weathering.

[0023] In step 2, the health status of the ancient building is divided into the following four levels:

[0024] Level 1: normal, no obvious abnormality, good condition;

[0025] Level 2: warning, slight damage, local appearance of slight cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion phenomenon;

[0026] Level 3: danger, moderate damage, appearance of obvious structural problems, including large area cracks, deformation;

[0027] Level 4: emergency, severe damage, appearance of major safety hazards, requiring emergency repair or reinforcement.

[0028] In step 3, the static data includes the basic information of the ancient building, such as the construction year, material, structure, and historical maintenance record; the dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data and environmental change record.

[0029] A system for a method of ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management, comprising terminal application equipment, an intelligent management platform, monitoring equipment, a data transmission architecture and equipment devices; the monitoring equipment comprises a drone and a sensor component, the equipment devices comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking machine device and an IoT equipment shielding device, the unmanned aerial vehicle is arranged around the ancient building through the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking machine device and inspects the ancient building, and the sensor component is integrated into the ancient building through the IoT equipment shielding device; the intelligent management platform is loaded on the terminal application equipment, and the intelligent management platform is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle and the sensor component through the data transmission architecture.

[0030] The terminal application equipment comprises a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a small program developed on the PC terminal and / or the mobile terminal; a visitor user module is expanded on the intelligent management platform, a backend link is developed based on a WeChat small program, a virtual digital scene is experienced by a tourist user through the WeChat small program, when the tourist user finds that the instant state of the ancient building is abnormal, the tourist user uploads a photo and describes information of the instant state abnormality through the small program, and protection suggestions are provided;

[0031] The data transmission architecture comprises a Lora gateway, a wireless router and a broadband;

[0032] The sensor component comprises a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, a static level gauge, a crack meter, an inclinometer, a wind speed meter, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light sensor and a camera.

[0033] The unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking device comprises a base, a corner column, a lamp box and a top plate, a parking apron and a start-stop docking assembly; the corner column is vertically fixed on the base, the lamp box is fixed on the top of the corner column, the parking apron is embedded on the top of the lamp box in a lifting manner, and the start-stop docking assembly is arranged on the lamp box and below the parking apron; a plurality of top plates are arranged on the top edge of the lamp box in an axial direction, the top plates are rotatably opened and closed to form a ridge-shaped top cover through electric hinges, a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped top cover and the top surface of the lamp box, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is docked on the parking apron in the cavity.

[0034] The start-stop docking assembly comprises a wireless charging module and a weak current control module; a control groove is formed on the top surface of the lamp box, the parking apron is embedded in the control groove in a lifting manner through a plurality of electric telescopic rods; the wireless charging module is embedded in the middle of the control groove, the unmanned aerial vehicle is docked on the parking apron lowered to the bottom of the control groove and is wirelessly charged through the wireless charging module; a plurality of weak current control modules are embedded in the control groove and located on the sides of the wireless charging module.

[0035] The control groove is of a rectangular structure, drainage holes are arranged at the two ends of one diagonal line of the rectangular structure, and weak current wire holes for wiring of the weak current control modules are arranged at the two ends of the other diagonal line of the rectangular structure.

[0036] The method for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to perform inspection on the ancient building by the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking device comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: before the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off, sending an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection request according to a preset program;

[0038] S2: calling external environment parameter information through a smart management platform to autonomously determine whether to take off, if yes, executing S3, and if no, waiting for a suitable inspection opportunity and returning to S1;

[0039] S3: starting an inspection program and sending a request for the unmanned aerial vehicle to take off to the start-stop docking assembly;

[0040] S4: the start-stop docking assembly receives the request and opens each top plate of the ridge-shaped top cover;

[0041] S5: after the ridge-shaped top cover is completely opened, the electric telescopic rods are controlled to be extended by the start-stop docking assembly, the parking apron and the unmanned aerial vehicle are lifted to be flush with the top surface of the lamp box;

[0042] S6: starting the unmanned aerial vehicle and taking off, closing each top plate to form the ridge-shaped top cover after the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off, the unmanned aerial vehicle performs inspection according to a set route, and real-time data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle during the performance of the inspection task is transmitted to the smart management platform through a data transmission architecture;

[0043] S7: After the UAV inspection is completed, fly back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof cover, and open the ridge-shaped roof cover;

[0044] S8: Position the parking apron, adjust the attitude and land on the parking apron;

[0045] S9: Turn off the UAV, control the electric telescopic rod to retract through the weak current control module of the start-stop shuttle assembly, lower the parking apron, and close the ridge-shaped roof cover;

[0046] S10: Start the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module to autonomously power the UAV;

[0047] S11: After the charging is completed, close the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module, and wait for the next inspection.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present application develops a smart management platform for the field of ancient building protection and antique building health monitoring and management, establishes a data interaction mechanism between digital models and physical buildings, solves the problem of real-time transmission and collaborative processing of effective data of traditional building state, realizes data visualization and intelligent early warning, and provides strong support for the protection and inheritance of traditional culture, and is also applicable to the field of antique buildings.

[0050] 2. The present application organically combines model management, data acquisition, data processing, intelligent identification, simulation analysis, visual management, early warning and terminal application modules to build a comprehensive and efficient ancient building health monitoring and smart management system; the system not only optimizes data flow and processing flow, but also improves the operation efficiency and response speed of the system, so that the monitoring and management of ancient buildings are more accurate and timely. Based on the multi-dimensional integrated all-around monitoring means of sensors and UAVs, the small changes of ancient buildings can be fully captured to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring data, and provide reliable information source for subsequent analysis and early warning. The present application designs a UAV start-stop shuttle device with a traditional form and an autonomous inspection method, expands the monitoring range, improves the efficiency and safety of the inspection work, and avoids unnecessary interference to the ancient buildings. Through automatic monitoring and smart management, the early warning accuracy is improved, potential risks are discovered in time, and the monitoring efficiency, early warning accuracy and management level of ancient buildings are effectively improved to provide scientific and efficient protection for ancient buildings. The present application also develops a visitor mode based on a small program to perform visual display, improve management communication and public participation. The present application organically integrates various new technologies such as sensing, computing and human-computer interaction to greatly improve the smart management ability of traditional buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1is a flow chart of the method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0052] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop transfer machine device in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0053] Figure 3 is a process schematic diagram of the ridge-shaped roof opening and the stop apron rising in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0054] Figure 4 is a local schematic diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop transfer machine device in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0055] Figure 5 is a local schematic diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop transfer machine device in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0056] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the control groove in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0057] Figure 7 is a patrol process flow chart of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application;

[0058] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management of the application.

[0059] In the figure, 1 is a base, 2 is a corner column, 3 is a lamp box, 4 is a top plate, 41 is an electric hinge, 5 is a stop apron, 6 is a wireless charging module, 7 is a weak current control module, 8 is a control groove, 81 is a drain hole, 82 is a weak current wire hole, 9 is an unmanned aerial vehicle, and 10 is an electric telescopic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 A method for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the diachronic state influencing factors of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their influence degrees.

[0063] Specifically, the construction year, material, structure, use environment, historical maintenance record, and surrounding environmental changes of the ancient building are studied in depth, and the long-term influence of these factors on the ancient building is analyzed.

[0064] Determine the impact factor, including but not limited to: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc.; Human factors: changes in use, maintenance, and other environmental pollution; Building itself factors: material aging, structural defects, pests, weathering, etc.

[0065] By analyzing each factor, a multi-factor impact factor evaluation model of the health status of ancient buildings is established, the comprehensive safety performance of the building state is quantitatively described, the data self-association analysis between different parts and levels is realized, the impact factor coupling database is formed, and the impact factor and its impact degree are finally determined.

[0066] Step 2: According to the impact factor and the impact degree, a health status grading system for ancient buildings is established.

[0067] Preferably, the health status of ancient buildings is divided into the following four levels:

[0068] Level 1: Normal (represented by green), no obvious abnormalities, good condition;

[0069] Level 2: Warning (represented by yellow), slight damage, local appearance of slight cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion, etc.

[0070] Level 3: Danger (represented by red), moderate damage, with obvious structural problems such as large area cracks, deformation, etc.

[0071] Level 4: Emergency (represented by purple), severe damage, with major safety hazards, requiring emergency repair or reinforcement.

[0072] Step 3: Integrate various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database, and use database layering design to store static data and dynamic data in different levels of database, improving the performance and management efficiency of the ancient building protection database.

[0073] In order to improve the performance and management efficiency of the ancient building protection database, ensure the rapid reading and updating of data. Use the existing technology of database layering design to layer the ancient building protection database, respectively for storing static data and dynamic data.

[0074] Among them, the static data includes the basic information of ancient buildings, such as building age, material, structure, historical maintenance record, etc.; Dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data, environmental change record, etc.

[0075] Step 4: According to the impact factor, design the software and hardware implementation functions of the device for the health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, use sensors, cameras, drones and other equipment to monitor the structure and environmental conditions of ancient buildings, and develop network management.

[0076] The structure monitoring of ancient buildings can be realized by using strain gauges, displacement sensors, static water levels, etc.

[0077] The surrounding environment monitoring of ancient buildings can be realized by using temperature sensors, humidity sensors, wind sensors, and light sensors, etc.

[0078] The vibration and air pollution monitoring of ancient buildings can be realized by using vibration sensors and gas sensors, etc.

[0079] The appearance monitoring of ancient buildings can be realized by using visual recognition cameras and infrared cameras, etc., to record changes in building appearance and behavior judgment.

[0080] The monitoring range of ancient buildings can be expanded by using drones, which can be used for high-altitude photography, inspection, and obtaining more comprehensive information.

[0081] The monitoring implementation equipment of ancient buildings can be selected adaptively according to actual monitoring needs.

[0082] Step 5: Based on the twin engine, a smart management platform is designed and developed to connect each port with cloud services, realize data storage, calculation and analysis, improve system processing capacity, and form data visualization boards.

[0083] By connecting each port with cloud services, using the WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) platform to obtain JSON data through URL (uniform resource locator), and performing data filtering and data mapping, data storage, calculation and analysis are realized, data visualization boards are formed, and data analysis results are more intuitively displayed. By improving system processing capacity, efficient processing of large amounts of data is ensured, and real-time transmission of monitoring data is realized.

[0084] The twin engine is a common tool for data platform development, and the development process of the smart management platform will not be described here. The management functions of the smart management platform can be adaptively developed according to actual use needs, such as:

[0085] Model management: mainly includes model uploading, model viewing, model updating, component attribute information modification, etc. of the real scene twin model of ancient buildings.

[0086] Data collection: through the connection of each sensor port, various monitoring data of ancient buildings are collected, including environmental data, structural data, material data, image data, etc.

[0087] Device management: manages IoT device shielding devices, controls the autonomous take-off and landing, transfer, inspection, state monitoring, wireless charging, etc. of drones.

[0088] Data management: For the management and data processing of ancient building protection database, the ancient building protection database includes damage characteristics and thresholds, early warning classification system, and measure recommendations. Data processing involves processing, analyzing, and mining the collected data to extract key information, including data cleaning, data conversion, feature extraction, and data modeling.

[0089] Intelligent identification: Identify various features of ancient buildings, such as cracks, corrosion, and deformation. Use existing image recognition and deep learning technologies to classify, analyze, and automatically identify the diseases of ancient buildings. Use automated machine identification methods to improve monitoring efficiency and reduce human error.

[0090] Behavior monitoring: Use existing video monitoring and behavior prediction technologies to identify potential risks.

[0091] Monitoring analysis: Simulate and analyze ancient buildings based on monitoring data to predict their state changes under different conditions.

[0092] Self-warning: Based on monitoring data and analysis results, send warning information and its level when the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold. Take appropriate protective measures according to different warning levels.

[0093] Visual management: Use various visualization tools such as charts, maps, and models to visually display the health status of ancient buildings. You can also implant AR virtual display scenarios.

[0094] User management: System administrator, professional maintenance personnel account (maintenance account), and external guest account (visitor account). Maintenance accounts can manage all functions according to permissions. Visitor accounts are used for external guests to experience visual functions such as virtual displays and provide suggestions and problem reports to improve public participation in protection.

[0095] Step 6: Establish a real scene twin model of the target ancient building using a combination of forward and reverse methods. According to the characteristics of the ancient building model, the real scene twin model is converted into hierarchical levels.

[0096] Preferably, a hierarchical data structure such as a tree structure can be used for easy management and call, and compression technology can be used to reduce the storage space and calculation amount of the real scene twin model, improve the loading speed and storage efficiency.

[0097] Step 7: Deploy sensors according to the characteristics of the monitored ancient building and test the network. Use IoT device shielding devices to integrate into the ancient building.

[0098] According to the structural characteristics and monitoring requirements of ancient buildings, the sensors are arranged reasonably, and the number and type of sensors can be adjusted adaptively according to actual monitoring requirements. The sensors are installed in the IoT device shielding device and hidden in the ancient buildings and their environment through the IoT device shielding device, and each sensor can fully cover the key parts of the ancient buildings that need to be monitored. By using the IoT device shielding device, the sensors and related equipment are integrated into the ancient buildings, avoiding affecting the structure, appearance and environment of the ancient buildings. Network testing is performed to ensure the stability and accuracy of data transmission.

[0099] In the selection of sensors, according to the different monitoring data required, low-power sensors with high precision, stability and anti-interference are selected, and appropriate sampling mechanisms are set (such as setting threshold value, when the value changes beyond the normal range, the transmission signal is started), which can capture key changes without causing data redundancy and saving energy consumption.

[0100] In the installation position of the sensor, the sensor is installed in a position that is not easy to be found, so as to avoid affecting the appearance of the building.

[0101] In the installation method of the sensor, combined with the design of the IoT device shielding device, materials similar to the materials of the ancient buildings are selected with classical element design to enhance the overall coordination with the ancient buildings. Detachable connection methods such as hoop and buckle are adopted for easy maintenance and replacement.

[0102] Finally, a point multi-star Lora gateway of existing technology is used for network development to build a high-speed and reliable network infrastructure to ensure real-time transmission and centralized processing of monitoring data collected by sensors. At the same time, a perfect sensor management system is established to regularly maintain and calibrate the sensors to ensure data accuracy and reliability.

[0103] The real scene twin model constitutes a virtual entity of the ancient building, and the real scene twin model includes a model of the ancient building and a sensor model.

[0104] Step 8: Encode combination and information mapping according to the characteristics of the real scene twin model, bind the sensor data and the real scene twin model by using the encoding system, and locate the data source.

[0105] Specifically, for the characteristics of ancient buildings, the real scene twin model is converted by hierarchical conversion (such as wall model, beam column model, etc.), and through the coding system, the unique ID is assigned to each component by using coding combination and information mapping technology. The sensing data is bound to the real scene twin model, so that it can realize the positioning mapping of monitoring data on the intelligent management platform, which is convenient for visual analysis and positioning of monitoring data, for example: mapping the temperature sensor data to the wall model to display the temperature distribution of the wall; mapping the displacement sensor data to the beam column model to display the deformation of the beam column.

[0106] Step 9: Select an appropriate position around the ancient building and install an unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop transfer device. Use the RTK (Real-time kinematic, i.e. real-time dynamic carrier phase difference technology) and visual recognition equipment carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle to link with the unmanned aerial vehicle control system to autonomously control the unmanned aerial vehicle to conduct high-precision inspection of the ancient building, expanding the monitoring range.

[0107] The unmanned aerial vehicle carries the existing RTK and visual recognition equipment, wireless control system, etc. for the interaction of monitoring data and control instructions. The wireless control system can be linked with the intelligent management platform through wireless network to realize automatic control, data transmission and analysis of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0108] The RTK and visual recognition equipment conduct high-precision image acquisition of the ancient building and its surrounding environment, and identify target objects in the image, such as identifying changes in the appearance of the ancient building, including cracks, falling off, deformation, etc. At the same time, it links with the control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle to autonomously control the unmanned aerial vehicle to expand the monitoring range and perspective and improve the inspection efficiency.

[0109] Step 10: Transmit the monitoring data of the sensor and the inspection data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle to the intelligent management platform. The intelligent management platform cleans and preprocesses the collected monitoring data to eliminate noise and outliers, improving the quality of the monitoring data.

[0110] Preferably, data handling rules can be pre-set to clean and preprocess the collected data, remove noise, duplicate data, etc. to improve data quality. Identify and process outliers in the data, such as abnormal data caused by sensor failure. Perform conversion, standardization, etc. on the data to extract key feature information and perform dimensionality reduction to improve data analysis efficiency and provide accurate and reliable data for subsequent analysis.

[0111] Step 11: Feature extraction and pattern recognition are performed on the cleaned and preprocessed data, and a visual dashboard is generated by fusion. Connect the protection threshold database. When the monitored data reaches each hierarchical threshold, an early warning information is issued and the corresponding early warning measures are responded.

[0112] The key feature values are extracted from the pretreated data, compared and analyzed with the protection threshold database, and the change trend and potential risk of the ancient building health state are identified. When the monitored data reaches the threshold of each classification, the system will automatically respond to the corresponding early warning measures. At the same time, the analysis results are fused to generate a visual dashboard, and the monitoring data is presented in the form of charts, maps, models, etc., to intuitively display the health status and early warning information of the ancient building.

[0113] The early warning information is reminded through the PC and mobile terminals of the intelligent management platform, and disposal measures are suggested based on the database, realizing timely early warning and intervention, and ensuring the health monitoring effect of the ancient building. Through intelligent control of ventilation, lighting, temperature, etc. of the ancient building, the environmental conditions are improved, and the aging of the building is delayed. The existing VR / AR technology can also be used to simulate repair schemes, reduce repair costs and risks.

[0114] The early warning information and its early warning measures are summarized and improved, and the summarized and improved information is used as the optimized data for data cleaning and preprocessing operation of the intelligent management platform. Based on deep neural network learning technology, the project is optimized in a closed loop, improving the accuracy of subsequent ancient building monitoring and inspection.

[0115] Please refer to the attached Figure 8 A system for ancient building health monitoring and intelligent management, comprising terminal application devices, an intelligent management platform, monitoring devices, a data transmission architecture, and device installations; the monitoring devices include unmanned aerial vehicles and sensor components, and the device installations include unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking machine devices and IoT device shielding devices. The unmanned aerial vehicles are arranged around the ancient building through the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop docking machine devices and conduct inspections of the ancient building, and the sensor components are integrated into the ancient building through the IoT device shielding devices. The intelligent management platform is loaded on the terminal application devices, and the intelligent management platform is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicles and the sensor components through the data transmission architecture.

[0116] Preferably, the terminal application devices can adopt existing PC terminals, mobile terminals such as smart phones, and mini programs developed on PC terminals and / or mobile terminals. A visitor user module is expanded on the intelligent management platform, and a backend link is developed based on a WeChat mini program. Tourists can experience virtual digital scenes through the WeChat mini program, promote the spread of traditional culture, and improve interactivity. When tourists find that the instant state of the ancient building is abnormal, they can upload photos and describe the information of the instant state abnormality through the mini program, and also can provide protection suggestions to improve the public's participation in the protection of ancient buildings.

[0117] Preferably, the data transmission architecture can adopt existing Lora gateway, wireless router, broadband, etc.

[0118] Preferably, the sensor assembly includes, but is not limited to, a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, a hydrostatic level, a crack meter, an inclinometer, a wind speed meter, a thermometer, a hygrometer, an illumination sensor, a camera, etc.

[0119] The architecture of the system mainly includes: model management module, data acquisition module, unmanned aerial vehicle control module, data management module, intelligent identification module, behavior monitoring module, simulation analysis module, early warning module, visualization management module, early warning module, terminal application module.

[0120] The model management module mainly includes model uploading, model viewing, model updating, component attribute information modification and other functions, to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the model, and to provide basic data for the application of other modules of the system.

[0121] The data acquisition module is used to collect various data of ancient buildings, including environmental data, structural data, material data, image data, etc. The collected data is preprocessed and stored to provide basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making;

[0122] The unmanned aerial vehicle control module is mainly used to control the functions of unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous take-off and landing, transfer, inspection, state monitoring, wireless charging, safety protection, etc., to expand the data acquisition range and ensure the comprehensiveness of the data;

[0123] The data management module is used for ancient building protection database management and data processing. The database includes damage characteristics and threshold values, early warning classification system, and measure recommendations. Data processing is used to process, analyze and mine the collected data, extract key information, including data cleaning, data conversion, feature extraction, data modeling, etc.

[0124] The intelligent identification module is used to identify various features of ancient buildings, such as cracks, corrosion, deformation, etc. Image recognition, deep learning and other technologies are used to classify, count and analyze the identification results, automatically identify the diseases of ancient buildings, improve the detection efficiency and reduce human errors;

[0125] Image recognition and neural network deep learning technology are common feature extraction and analysis methods in the field, and their processing process is not described here. They can replace manual data processing and analysis to identify the diseases of ancient buildings, ensuring accuracy and reimbursement.

[0126] The behavior monitoring module is used to monitor the activities of personnel around the ancient buildings. Video monitoring, behavior prediction and other technologies are used to identify potential risks;

[0127] The simulation analysis module is used to simulate and analyze the ancient buildings, and predict their state changes under different conditions. It mainly targets structure, material performance, environmental impact, etc. to evaluate the health status of ancient buildings and provide reference for maintenance and repair;

[0128] Early warning module, for issuing early warning information in time according to monitoring data and analysis results, reminding relevant personnel of potential risks in time, and taking different measures according to early warning levels;

[0129] Visual management module, for visualizing the health status of ancient buildings. Various charts, maps, models, and other visualization tools are provided. Users can intuitively understand the health status of ancient buildings and take timely measures to address problems;

[0130] Terminal application module, for providing mobile terminals, PC terminals, and applets to facilitate users to query, manage, and operate at any time and anywhere, and to conveniently use system functions. Various functions are supported, such as data viewing, alarm reminding, model display, remote control, etc.

[0131] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 to the attached Figure 5 , the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device includes a base 1, a corner column 2, a lamp box 3 and a top plate 4, a parking apron 5 and a start-stop shuttle assembly; the corner column 2 is vertically fixed on the base 1, the lamp box 3 is fixed on the top of the corner column 2, the parking apron 5 is embedded on the top of the lamp box 3 in a lifting manner, and the start-stop shuttle assembly is arranged below the lamp box 3 and below the parking apron 5; a plurality of top plates 4 are arranged axially at the top edge of the lamp box 3, and the plurality of top plates 4 are rotatably opened and closed to form a ridge-shaped top cover through electric hinges 41, and a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped top cover and the top surface of the lamp box 3, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 is parked on the parking apron 5 in the cavity.

[0132] Preferably, each top plate 4 can be provided with three electric hinges 41 at equal intervals, and the number of electric hinges 41 can also be adjusted adaptively according to the size of the top plate 4. The corner column 2 can be a hollow box corner column for arranging wiring pipes, drainage pipes and the like and introducing them to the ground.

[0133] The entire unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device is in the form of a tower lamp box and can be integrated into the traditional environment of ancient buildings as a landscape feature. Traditional carved patterns or other presentation forms such as rockery, sculpture, flower stand and other traditional elements or diversified design can be arranged on the surface of the lamp box to enrich the aesthetics and ensure the parking and endurance functions of the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 without damaging the traditional environment of ancient buildings.

[0134] Similar to the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device, the IoT device shielding device can also be designed with carvings, stone carvings, tower lamp boxes and other designs that blend with the traditional environment of ancient buildings, so that it is integrated with the ancient buildings and minimizes the impact on the traditional environment of ancient buildings. At the same time, the IoT device shielding device and the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device have good waterproof, dustproof and corrosion-resistant performance to ensure that sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles 9 and the like can work normally.

[0135] Please refer to the attached Figure 6 , the start-stop shuttle assembly includes a wireless charging module 6 and a weak current control module 7; the top surface of the light box 3 is formed with a control groove 8, and the stopover 5 is embedded in the control groove 8 through a plurality of electric telescopic rods 10; the wireless charging module 6 is embedded in the middle of the control groove 8, the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 is stopped and shuttled on the stopover 5 which is lowered to the bottom of the control groove 8 and is charged through the wireless charging module 6; a plurality of weak current control modules 7 are respectively embedded in the control groove 8 and located beside the wireless charging module 6.

[0136] Preferably, the stopover 5 can be made of acrylic material, which can ensure that the wireless charging module 6 charges the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 when the stopover 5 is lowered to adhere to the wireless charging module 6, maximally shortens the charging distance and reduces energy loss. The wireless charging module 6 adopts a secondary coupling wireless charging device which uses electromagnetic shielding materials to reduce the influence on other components.

[0137] Preferably, a power management module can be arranged in the control groove 8, which provides stable power supply for the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device, ensures the normal operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device, automatically cuts off power in case of unexpected adverse conditions, and reduces losses.

[0138] Preferably, the weak current control module 7 serves as the control center of the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device, integrates wireless network and control units of various devices, can realize signal transmission, reception, and control of the start and stop of four groups (twelve) of electric hinges 41, one group (four) of electric telescopic rods 10 and the wireless charging module 6.

[0139] Please refer to the attached Figure 6 Preferably, the control groove 8 has a rectangular structure, and a drainage hole 81 is arranged at each end of one diagonal line of the rectangular structure, and a weak current wire hole 82 for wiring of the weak current control module 7 is arranged at each end of the other diagonal line of the rectangular structure.

[0140] The drainage hole 81 can be used to drain water in the control groove 8, prevent water accumulation, and ensure the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 docking and charging.

[0141] Please refer to the attached Figure 7 The method for the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic start-stop shuttle device to control the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 to patrol the ancient building includes the following steps:

[0142] S1: Before the unmanned aerial vehicle 9 takes off, send a unmanned aerial vehicle patrol request according to a preset program.

[0143] S2: Call external environmental parameter information such as weather and surrounding conditions through a smart management platform, and autonomously determine whether to take off. If yes, execute S3, and if no, wait for a suitable patrol opportunity and return to S1.

[0144] S3: Start the inspection program and send a request for the UAV 9 to take off to the start-stop shuttle assembly.

[0145] S4: The start-stop shuttle assembly receives the request and opens each roof panel 4 of the ridge-shaped roof cover.

[0146] Preferably, the ridge-shaped roof cover is composed of four roof panels 4, which are sequentially referred to as roof panel A, roof panel B, roof panel C, and roof panel D in counterclockwise direction. The electric hinges 41 of each roof panel 4 are controlled by the weak current control module 7 to rotate and open the roof panel 4, and the opening sequence is: roof panel A→roof panel C→roof panel B→roof panel D.

[0147] S5: After the ridge-shaped roof cover is completely opened, the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop shuttle assembly controls the electric telescopic rod 10 to extend and lift the parking apron 5 and the UAV 9 to be flush with the top surface of the light box 3 to expand the parking space.

[0148] The operation procedures of S4 and S5 are shown in Figure 3 .

[0149] S6: Start the UAV 9 and take off. After the UAV 9 takes off, control each roof panel 4 to close to form a ridge-shaped roof cover. The UAV 9 follows the set route for inspection. The real-time data collected by the UAV 9 during the inspection is transmitted to the intelligent management platform through the data transmission architecture.

[0150] Preferably, the closing sequence of each roof panel 4 is: roof panel D→roof panel B→roof panel C→roof panel A. Rubber sealing strips can be provided at the edges of the roof panels 4 to enable the adjacent two roof panels 4 to be sealed and closed by the sealing strips to form the first waterproof layer. A ridge pressure top can be provided at the top of the roof panel A to fix the top gaps of the four roof panels 4 to form the second waterproof layer. The double waterproof layers ensure the sealing and waterproof performance of the ridge-shaped roof cover.

[0151] S7: After the UAV 9 finishes the inspection, it flies back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof cover, and the ridge-shaped roof cover is opened.

[0152] Specifically, the UAV 9 sends a landing shuttle signal to the start-stop shuttle assembly, and the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop shuttle assembly controls the four roof panels 4 to rotate and open through the electric hinges 41 to open the ridge-shaped roof cover. The opening process is the same as S4, which will not be described here.

[0153] S8: Precisely position the parking apron 5, adjust the attitude, and land on the parking apron 5.

[0154] The visual recognition system carried on the UAV 9 can accurately identify the position of the parking apron 5 and accurately position the parking position. The UAV 9 continuously adjusts the flight attitude during the landing process to achieve a smooth and accurate landing on the central parking position of the parking apron 5.

[0155] S9: The UAV 9 is shut down, the electric telescopic rod 10 is retracted by the weak current control module 7 of the start-stop docking assembly, the landing platform 5 is lowered, and the roof ridge-shaped top cover is closed.

[0156] After the UAV 9 is stably shut down, the landing platform 5 is lowered to be close to the wireless charging module 6, the wireless charging distance is reduced, and the subsequent effective and efficient charging of the UAV 9 is ensured.

[0157] S10: The wireless charging program of the wireless charging module 6 is started to autonomously supply power for the UAV 9.

[0158] During the charging process, the weak current control module 7 can be used to evaluate the power of the UAV 9, and the wireless charging module 6 is automatically shut down after being fully charged.

[0159] S11: The wireless charging program of the wireless charging module 6 is closed after the charging is completed, and the next inspection is waited.

[0160] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the application, therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Traverse the information elements of ancient buildings, study the factors affecting the historical status of ancient buildings, and determine the influencing factors and their degree of influence; Step 2: Establish a health status classification system for ancient buildings based on influencing factors and impact levels; Step 3: Integrate various information elements of ancient buildings to form an ancient building protection database. Use a hierarchical database design to store static data and dynamic data in different levels of databases. Step 4: Design software and hardware to implement functions based on influencing factors, use a combination of sensors, cameras, and drones to monitor the structure and environmental conditions of the ancient buildings, and develop and manage the network; Step 5: Design and develop a smart management platform based on the twin engine, connect various ports with cloud services, implement data storage, computing, and analysis, and form a data visualization dashboard; Model management: including functions of uploading, viewing, updating, and modifying component attribute information of the real-life twin model of the ancient building; Data collection: By connecting to the ports of various sensors, various monitoring data of ancient buildings are collected, including environmental data, structural data, material data, and image data; Device management: Manage IoT device shielding devices, control autonomous takeoff and landing, shuttle operations, inspections, status monitoring, and wireless charging of drones; Data management: This involves managing and processing the ancient building protection database, which includes damage characteristics and thresholds, an early warning classification system, and recommended measures. Data processing involves processing, analyzing, and mining the collected data to extract key information, including data cleaning, data conversion, feature extraction, and data modeling. Intelligent recognition: Identify various characteristics of ancient buildings: cracks, corrosion, deformation, classify, count and analyze the recognition results, and automatically identify the diseases of ancient buildings; Behavioral monitoring: using video surveillance and behavioral prediction technology to identify potential risks; Monitoring and analysis: Conduct simulation analysis of ancient buildings based on monitoring data to predict their status changes under different conditions; Autonomous early warning: Based on monitoring data and analysis results, when the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, timely issue early warning information and its warning level, and take corresponding protective measures according to different warning levels; Visual management: Use visualization tools to visualize the health status of ancient buildings and embed AR virtual display scenes; User management: This includes system administrators, professional maintenance personnel, and external customer accounts. Maintenance accounts manage all functions based on permissions, while guest accounts are used by external customers to experience visualization functions, provide suggestions, and report issues, thereby increasing public participation in conservation efforts. Step 6: Use the forward and reverse combination method to establish the real scene twin model of the target ancient building. According to the characteristics of the ancient building model, the real scene twin model is converted hierarchically; Step 7: Deploy sensors based on the characteristics of the monitored ancient buildings, conduct network testing, and use IoT devices to shield devices and integrate them into the ancient buildings; Step 8: Perform coding combination and information mapping based on the characteristics of the real-scene twin model, use the coding system to bind the sensor data to the real-scene twin model, and locate the data source; In view of the characteristics of ancient buildings, after the real-scene twin model is hierarchically converted, a unique ID is assigned to each component through a coding system, using coding combination and information mapping technology; Bind sensor data with the real-world twin model to enable location mapping of monitoring data on the smart management platform, and perform visual analysis and positioning of monitoring data; Step 9: Select a suitable location around the ancient building and install a drone automatic start-stop barge device. Use the drone equipped with RTK and visual recognition equipment, linked with the drone control system, to autonomously control the drone to inspect the ancient building and expand the monitoring range. Step 10: The monitoring data from the sensors and the inspection data collected by the drones are transmitted to the smart management platform. The smart management platform cleans and pre-processes the collected monitoring data to eliminate noise and outliers. Step 11: Perform feature extraction and pattern recognition on the cleaned and pre-processed data, and integrate them to generate a visual dashboard. Connect to the protection threshold database. When the monitored data reaches each classification threshold, an early warning message is issued and corresponding early warning measures are taken. Present monitoring data in the form of charts, maps, and models to visually demonstrate the health status and early warning information of ancient buildings; Early warning information is provided through the PC and mobile terminals of the smart management platform, and disposal measures are recommended based on the database to achieve timely early warning and intervention; In step 1, the influencing factors include the construction age, materials, structure, usage environment, historical maintenance records, and changes in the surrounding environment of the ancient building. The influencing factors include: natural factors: rainfall, temperature, and humidity; human factors: changes in usage, inadequate maintenance, and surrounding environmental pollution; and building factors: aging materials, structural defects, pests and diseases, and weathering. In step 2, the health status of the ancient buildings is divided into the following four levels: Level 1: normal, no obvious abnormalities, good condition; Level 2: Warning, minor damage, with minor cracks, weathering, shedding or biological invasion in some areas; Level 3: Dangerous, moderate damage, obvious structural problems, including large cracks and deformation; Level 4: Emergency, severe damage, major safety hazards, and urgent repair or reinforcement required; In step 3, the static data includes basic information of the ancient building, such as the construction age, materials, structure, and historical maintenance records; the dynamic data includes real-time monitoring data and environmental change records.

2. A system using the method for health monitoring and intelligent management of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system includes terminal application equipment, a smart management platform, monitoring equipment, a data transmission architecture, and equipment devices. The monitoring equipment includes drones and sensor components, and the equipment devices include a drone automatic start-stop barge device and an IoT device shielding device. Drones are deployed around ancient buildings using the drone automatic start-stop barge device to conduct inspections, and sensor components are integrated into the ancient buildings through the IoT device shielding device. The smart management platform is installed on the terminal application equipment and connected to the drones and sensor components via the data transmission architecture. The terminal application devices include PCs, mobile devices, and mini-programs developed on PCs and / or mobile devices. A visitor user module is expanded on the smart management platform, and a back-end link is developed based on the WeChat mini-program. Visitors can experience virtual digital scenes through the WeChat mini-program. When visitors discover an abnormality in the real-time status of an ancient building, they can take a photo and upload it through the mini-program, describing the abnormality and providing protection suggestions. The data transmission architecture includes Lora gateway, wireless routing, and broadband; The sensor assembly includes a strain gauge, a displacement sensor, a static level, a crack meter, an inclinometer, an anemometer, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a light sensor, and a camera; The automatic start-stop shuttle device for unmanned aerial vehicles comprises a base (1), a corner post (2), a light box (3) and a top plate (4), a landing pad (5) and a start-stop shuttle assembly; the corner post (2) is vertically fixed to the base (1), the light box (3) is fixed to the top of the corner post (2), the landing pad (5) is liftably embedded in the top of the light box (3), and the start-stop shuttle assembly is arranged on the light box (3) and located below the landing pad (5); a plurality of top plates (4) are axially arranged at the top edge of the light box (3), and the plurality of top plates (4) can be rotated and opened and closed by electric hinges (41) to form a ridge-shaped roof cover, and a cavity is formed between the ridge-shaped roof cover and the top surface of the light box (3), and the unmanned aerial vehicle (9) is docked on the landing pad (5) in the cavity; The method for controlling a drone (9) to inspect ancient buildings by the drone automatic start-stop barge device comprises the following steps: S1: Before the drone (9) takes off, a drone inspection request is sent according to a preset procedure; S2: The intelligent management platform calls external environmental parameter information and autonomously determines whether to take off. If yes, it executes S3. If not, it waits for a suitable inspection opportunity and returns to S1. S3: Start the inspection program and send a request for the drone (9) to take off to the start-stop shuttle component; S4: The start-stop barge assembly receives the request and opens each top plate (4) of the ridge-shaped roof; S5: After the ridge-shaped roof is fully opened, the electric telescopic rod (10) is extended by controlling the start-stop barge assembly to lift the landing pad (5) and the drone (9) until they are flush with the top surface of the light box (3); S6: The drone (9) is started and takes off. After the drone (9) takes off, it controls the top panels (4) to close to form a ridge-shaped roof. The drone (9) performs inspections according to the set route. When the drone (9) performs the inspection task, the real-time data collected is transmitted to the intelligent management platform through the data transmission architecture. S7: After the inspection is completed, the drone (9) flies back to the top of the ridge-shaped roof, and the ridge-shaped roof is opened; S8: Position the apron (5), adjust the attitude and land on the apron (5); S9: shut down the drone (9), and control the electric telescopic rod (10) to retract through the weak current control module (7) of the start-stop shuttle assembly, so as to lower the landing pad (5) and close the roof-shaped roof; S10: starting the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module (6) to autonomously power the drone (9); S11: After charging is completed, the wireless charging program of the wireless charging module (6) is turned off and the next inspection is awaited.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The start-stop shuttle assembly includes a wireless charging module (6) and a weak current control module (7); a control slot (8) is formed on the top surface of the light box (3), and the helipad (5) is liftably embedded in the control slot (8) through a plurality of electric telescopic rods (10); the wireless charging module (6) is embedded in the middle of the control slot (8), and the drone (9) is docked on the helipad (5) lowered to the bottom of the control slot (8) and is wirelessly charged through the wireless charging module (6); and a plurality of weak current control modules (7) are respectively embedded in the control slot (8) and located beside the wireless charging module (6).

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The control slot (8) is a rectangular structure, with drainage holes (81) provided at both ends of one diagonal line of the rectangular structure, and weak current wiring holes (82) for wiring the weak current control module (7) provided at both ends of the other diagonal line of the rectangular structure.

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