An energy storage system and its method for preventing high-temperature charging of batteries

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy storage system and a method for preventing high-temperature charging of a battery. The method for preventing high-temperature charging of the energy storage system includes: obtaining the current battery ambient temperature, the highest temperature of a single battery cell of the current battery, and the current battery SOC; determining whether the highest temperature of a single battery cell of the current battery is greater than the over-temperature protection value for battery charging; if so, calculating the expected battery ambient temperature within a preset future time according to the weather forecast and the current battery ambient temperature; calculating the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature; calculating the expected battery SOC according to the battery loss value per unit time, the calculated duration, and the current battery SOC; determining whether the expected battery SOC is greater than the low-SOC protection threshold of the battery, and if not, stopping the battery from discharging externally. The present invention can improve the safety of the battery and the stability of the energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and in particular to an energy storage system and a method for controlling the charging of a battery to prevent overheating thereof. Background Art

[0002] In a lithium battery energy storage system, the battery SOX (including SOC, SOH, SOP, SOE) algorithm is the core of the BMS. SOC (state of charger) refers to the state of charge, SOH (state of health) refers to the state of health, SOP (state of power) refers to the state of power, and SOE (state of energy) refers to the state of energy. Among them, the SOC and the battery charge and discharge limit algorithm are the key technologies. Temperature is an important factor affecting the battery charge and discharge limit. Usually, the discharge over-temperature protection value (the maximum temperature allowed when the battery is discharging. When the temperature exceeds this value, the battery cannot discharge) is higher than the charge over-temperature protection value (the maximum temperature allowed when charging the battery. When the temperature exceeds this value, the battery cannot be charged). For example, the common discharge over-temperature protection value is 60°C, and the charge over-temperature protection value is 50°C.

[0003] The current IP protection level of the energy storage system has reached IP65 or even higher. Some manufacturers have reduced the battery heat dissipation performance while meeting the high protection level, resulting in an overly slow rate of battery temperature drop. Poor battery heat dissipation performance usually cannot meet the working conditions where the previous state is long-term discharge and the next state requires charging, especially when the current charging is for battery protection. This not only affects the stability of the system but also seriously affects the service life of the battery.

[0004] The disclosure of the above background art content is only used to assist in understanding the concept and technical solution of the present invention, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application. Without clear evidence indicating that the above content was publicly available on the filing date of this patent application, the above background art should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an energy storage system and a method for controlling the charging of a battery to prevent overheating thereof, which can improve the safety of the battery and the stability of the energy storage system.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a method for controlling the charging of a battery in an energy storage system to prevent overheating, including the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the current battery ambient temperature, the highest temperature of a single battery cell at present, and the current battery SOC;

[0009] S2: Obtain the over-temperature protection value for battery charging, and determine whether the highest temperature of a single battery cell at present is greater than the over-temperature protection value for battery charging; if so, execute step S3;

[0010] S3: Obtain the weather forecast for the area where the battery is located, and calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within a preset future time according to the weather forecast and the current battery ambient temperature;

[0011] S4: Obtain the battery temperature rise data, and calculate the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the highest temperature of a single battery cell at present to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature within a preset future time;

[0012] S5: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the expected SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the battery loss value per unit time and the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the highest temperature of a single battery cell at present to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging;

[0013] S6: Obtain the expected battery SOC when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the current battery SOC and the expected SOC change value;

[0014] S7: Obtain the low SOC protection threshold for the battery, and determine whether the expected battery SOC is greater than the low SOC protection threshold for the battery; if not, stop the battery from discharging externally.

[0015] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes:

[0016] S31: Obtain the weather forecast for the area where the battery is located, and determine the ambient temperature table within a preset future time according to the weather forecast for the area where the battery is located. The ambient temperature table includes the ambient temperature at every preset unit time from the current moment to the preset future time;

[0017] S32: Calculate the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature according to the ambient temperature at the current moment and the current battery ambient temperature;

[0018] S33: Calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within a preset future time according to the ambient temperature table and the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature.

[0019] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0020] S41: Obtain battery temperature rise data, where the battery temperature rise data includes the temperature change values of the battery at different battery ambient temperatures for the preset unit time;

[0021] S42: Determine the temperature change value of the battery for each preset unit time according to the battery temperature rise data and the predicted battery ambient temperature within a future preset time;

[0022] S43: According to the temperature change value of the battery for each preset unit time, calculate the number of segments of the preset unit time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value, and obtain the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value.

[0023] Preferably, step S5 specifically includes:

[0024] S51: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the predicted power change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the battery loss value per unit time and the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value;

[0025] S52: Obtain the battery rated capacity, and calculate the predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the battery rated capacity and the predicted power change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value.

[0026] Preferably, step S5 further includes:

[0027] Perform a correction process on the predicted SOC change value: Multiply the calculated predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value by a second correction coefficient to obtain the corrected predicted SOC change value.

[0028] Preferably, the value range of the second correction coefficient is between 1 and 1.3.

[0029] Preferably, before step S1, it further includes:

[0030] A1: Determine whether the battery temperature rise data stored in the system is consistent with the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module. If so, execute step S1; otherwise, execute step A2;

[0031] A2: Read the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module and store the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module in the system.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses an energy storage system, which controls the battery by using the battery high-temperature charging prevention control method of the energy storage system as described in the first aspect.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program is configured to be run by a processor to execute the battery high-temperature charging prevention control method of the energy storage system as described in the first aspect.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The energy storage system and its battery high-temperature charging prevention control method proposed by the present invention collect local weather forecast information, and combine the actual ambient temperature of the battery, the highest temperature of a single battery cell, loss information, and battery temperature rise data information to predict in advance the expected SOC change value by which the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value under the current battery SOC state, so as to intelligently predict whether the current continuous discharge will affect the subsequent battery protection charging requirements, and finally solve the problem in the prior art that it cannot meet the working conditions where the previous state is long-term discharge and the next state requires charging, that is, completely eliminate the working condition of "when the battery protection charging demand is triggered due to low battery power, but the charging cannot be started due to the current high temperature, resulting in the risk of the battery being emptied"; thereby improving the safety of the battery and the stability of the energy storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the battery high-temperature charging prevention control method of the energy storage system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The following provides a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and its applications.

[0037] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection can be for a fixing function or for a circuit / signal communication function.

[0038] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention discloses a method for controlling the charging of a battery in a energy storage system to prevent overheating, including the following steps:

[0041] S1: Obtain the current battery ambient temperature, the highest temperature of a single battery cell of the current battery, and the current battery SOC;

[0042] Among them, the current battery ambient temperature refers to the ambient temperature where the battery is currently located.

[0043] In some embodiments, before step S1, it further includes:

[0044] A1: Determine whether the battery temperature rise data stored in the system is consistent with the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module. If so, execute step S1; otherwise, execute step A2;

[0045] A2: Read the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module and store the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module in the system.

[0046] S2: Obtain the over-temperature protection value for battery charging, and determine whether the highest temperature of a single battery cell of the current battery is greater than the over-temperature protection value for battery charging; if so, execute step S3; if not, end this round of anti-battery high-temperature charging control algorithm.

[0047] The over-temperature protection value for battery charging refers to the maximum value of the temperature allowed for charging the battery. When the temperature exceeds this value, the battery cannot be charged; this value is generally a parameter set before the energy storage system leaves the factory.

[0048] S3: Obtain the weather forecast for the area where the battery is located, and calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within a preset future time according to the weather forecast and the current battery ambient temperature;

[0049] Specifically, step S3 includes:

[0050] S31: Obtain the weather forecast of the region where the battery is located. According to the weather forecast of the region where the battery is located, determine the ambient temperature table within a preset future time. The ambient temperature table includes the ambient temperature at each preset unit time interval from the current moment to the preset future time;

[0051] S32: Calculate the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature based on the ambient temperature at the current moment and the current battery ambient temperature;

[0052] S33: Calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within the preset future time according to the ambient temperature table and the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature.

[0053] S4: Obtain the battery temperature rise data. According to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature within the preset future time, calculate the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value;

[0054] Specifically, step S4 includes:

[0055] S41: Obtain the battery temperature rise data. The battery temperature rise data includes the temperature change value of the battery at different battery ambient temperatures for a preset unit time;

[0056] S42: Determine the temperature change value of the battery for each preset unit time according to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature within the preset future time;

[0057] S43: Calculate the number of segments of the preset unit time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value according to the temperature change value of the battery for each preset unit time, and obtain the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value.

[0058] S5: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time. According to the battery loss value per unit time and the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value, calculate the expected SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery overcharge temperature protection value;

[0059] Specifically, step S5 includes:

[0060] S51: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the expected power change value when the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery drops from the current maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery to the battery charging overtemperature protection value according to the battery loss value per unit time and the duration required for the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery to drop from the current maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery to the battery charging overtemperature protection value.

[0061] S52: Obtain the rated capacity of the battery, and calculate the expected SOC change value when the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery drops to the battery charging overtemperature protection value according to the rated capacity of the battery and the expected power change value when the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery drops to the battery charging overtemperature protection value.

[0062] S53: Perform correction processing on the expected SOC change value: Multiply the calculated expected SOC change value when the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery drops to the battery charging overtemperature protection value by a second correction coefficient to obtain the corrected expected SOC change value. Among them, the value range of the second correction coefficient is between 1 and 1.3.

[0063] S6: Obtain the expected battery SOC when the maximum temperature of the single cell of the battery drops to the battery charging overtemperature protection value according to the current battery SOC and the expected SOC change value.

[0064] S7: Obtain the battery low SOC protection threshold, and judge whether the expected battery SOC is greater than the battery low SOC protection threshold. If not, stop the battery from discharging externally; if so, directly end this round of anti-battery high-temperature charging control algorithm.

[0065] Among them, the battery low SOC protection threshold refers to considering the safe service life of the battery. When the SOC of the battery is lower than the battery low SOC protection threshold (such as 5%), the battery must be charged and protected. The battery management system (BMS) will automatically start charging, and the charging process will continue until the SOC of the battery recovers to a safe level (such as 10%) to protect the battery from over-discharge. This threshold is generally a parameter set before the energy storage system leaves the factory.

[0066] The anti-battery high-temperature charging control method of the energy storage system proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention collects local weather forecast information, and combines the actual ambient temperature of the battery, the highest temperature of a single battery cell, the loss information, and the battery temperature rise data information to predict in advance the expected SOC change value by which the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value under the current battery SOC state, so as to intelligently predict whether the current continuous discharge will affect the subsequent battery protection charging requirements, and finally solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to meet the working conditions where the previous state is long-term discharge and the next state requires charging, that is, completely eliminate the working condition of "when the protective charging demand for the battery is triggered due to low battery power, but the charging cannot be started due to the current high temperature, resulting in the risk of the battery being emptied"; thereby improving the safety of the battery and the stability of the energy storage system.

[0067] The following further elaborates on the anti-battery high-temperature charging control method of the energy storage system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. The anti-battery high-temperature charging control method of the energy storage system provided in this specific embodiment includes the following steps:

[0068] B1: Determine whether the version of the battery temperature rise data saved in the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) module of the EMS (Energy Management System) of the energy storage system is the same as the version used by the BMS (Battery Management System) module. If so, execute step B4; if not, execute step B2;

[0069] B2: The EMS reads the battery temperature rise data and version information through the CAN communication network with the battery, and then executes step B3;

[0070] B3: The EMS writes the battery temperature rise data and version information into the EEPROM module, and then executes step B4, or executes step B16 and starts a new round of this algorithm scheduling;

[0071] B4: Read the current battery information through the CAN communication network with the battery. The current battery information includes the current battery ambient temperature, the current highest temperature of a single battery cell, and the current battery SOC. Then execute step B5;

[0072] B5: Obtain the battery charging over-temperature protection value, and determine whether the current highest temperature of a single battery cell exceeds the battery charging over-temperature protection value. If so, execute step B6; if not, execute step B16 and start a new round of this algorithm scheduling;

[0073] B6: The EMS obtains local weather forecast information through wireless / wired network communication with a remote server, and then proceeds to step B7;

[0074] B7: Generate an ambient temperature table within a certain number of hours from the current moment. The data uses the weather forecast information obtained in step B6 and combines it with the current clock information of the EMS. In one embodiment, taking 8 hours as an example, if the current EMS clock shows 9:00 on February 3, 2024, then this table is data in hourly units from the current 9:00 to 17:00 on February 3. Next, proceed to step B8;

[0075] B8: Calculate the first correction factor for the battery ambient temperature. The first correction factor for the battery ambient temperature is calculated by the ratio of the current battery ambient temperature read in step B4 and the ambient temperature from the weather forecast at the current moment. For example, if the current battery temperature is represented by T_Bat and the ambient temperature from the weather forecast at the current moment is represented by T_Now, then the first correction factor for the battery ambient temperature is: T_Scale = T_Bat / T_Now. Next, proceed to step B9;

[0076] B9: Generate the predicted battery ambient temperature for the next several hours (e.g., 8 hours). The predicted battery ambient temperature is calculated by multiplying the temperature data for each hour in the ambient temperature table in step B7 by the first correction factor T_Scale generated in step B8. Next, proceed to step B10;

[0077] B10: Generate a temperature recovery correspondence table. Here, it is necessary to use the battery ambient temperature correction table generated in step B9 and the aforementioned battery temperature rise data. One embodiment is as follows. Taking 8 hours as an example (the time length is set based on the time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value), where the temperature change in 1 hour is the content in the battery temperature rise data when the current battery ambient temperature changes continuously for 1 hour at the corresponding ambient temperature. Next, proceed to step B11;

[0078] B11: Statistically calculate the time required for the temperature to drop (i.e., the time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery overcharge temperature protection value). As can be seen from Table 1, it takes a total of 6 hours for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current 58°C to below the allowable charging temperature of 50°C (the battery overcharge temperature protection value). Next, proceed to step B12;

[0079] Table 1 Battery Ambient Temperature Correction Values and Data Table for the Drop in the Highest Temperature of a Single Battery Cell

[0080]

[0081] Among them, the first column in Table 1 represents the time starting from the current moment. For example, 0 represents 9:00 on February 3, 2024, 1 represents 10:00 on February 3, 2024, 2 represents 11:00 on February 3, 2024, and so on; the second column represents the battery ambient temperature, and the currently obtained battery ambient temperature corresponding to the 0 moment (9:00 on February 3, 2024) is 25°C; the third column represents the ambient temperature table generated according to the local weather forecast information in step B7, corresponding to the ambient temperature at each moment; the fourth column represents the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature calculated in step B8; the fifth column represents the predicted battery ambient temperature calculated in step B9; the fifth column represents the highest temperature of a single battery cell at the corresponding moment; the sixth column represents the battery temperature change value in 1 hour under the corresponding battery ambient temperature correction value; the seventh column is the highest temperature of a single battery cell 1 hour after the corresponding moment calculated based on the highest temperature of a single battery cell at the corresponding moment in the fifth column and the battery temperature change value in 1 hour under the corresponding battery ambient temperature correction value in the sixth column.

[0082] B12: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the battery loss value per unit time and the time required for temperature drop calculated in step B11 (that is, the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value). Next, execute step B13;

[0083] Among them, the battery loss value per unit time is a constant of the battery and can be directly obtained. Multiplying the battery loss value per unit time by the duration required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value can obtain the power change of the highest temperature of a single battery cell dropping from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value; then calculate the proportion of this power change in the current battery. For example, if the calculated power change is 0.5 KWh and the battery rated capacity is 10 KWh, then the predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value can be obtained as: 0.5 KWh / 10 KWh = 5%.

[0084] Furthermore, the predicted SOC change value calculated above is a theoretical value, and in actual application, further correction processing is performed on the theoretical value of the predicted SOC change value, that is, multiplying the above theoretical value by a number greater than 1, such as 1 to 1.3, and further taking values of 1.1 to 1.25; in one embodiment, multiplying by 1.2, then the corrected predicted SOC change value calculated here should be 5% * 1.2 = 6%.

[0085] B13: Generate the expected battery SOC, where the expected battery SOC is equal to the current battery SOC minus the predicted SOC change value obtained in step B12. The next step is to execute step B14.

[0086] B14: Determine whether the expected battery SOC is greater than the battery low SOC protection threshold. If it is, then execute step B15; if not, then execute step B16.

[0087] B15: Stop the battery from discharging externally. The next step is to execute step B16;

[0088] B16: End the current round of algorithm scheduling.

[0089] Embodiment II of the present invention discloses an energy storage system, which controls the battery by using the method for preventing high-temperature charging of the battery in the energy storage system in Embodiment I.

[0090] Embodiment III of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. Wherein, the computer program is configured to be run by a processor to execute the method for preventing high-temperature charging of the battery in the energy storage system in Embodiment I above.

[0091] Optionally, the above computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to: USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM for short), random access memory (RAM for short), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disc and other various media that can store computer programs.

[0092] The background part of the present invention may include background information about the problems or environment of the present invention, rather than the prior art described by others. Therefore, the content included in the background art section is not an admission by the applicant of the prior art.

[0093] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific / preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several alternatives or modifications can be made to these described embodiments, and these alternative or modified forms should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "preferred embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the charging of a battery in a energy storage system to prevent overheating, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the current battery ambient temperature, the highest temperature of a single battery cell in the current battery, and the current battery SOC; S2: Obtain the over-temperature protection value for battery charging, and determine whether the highest temperature of a single battery cell in the current battery is greater than the over-temperature protection value for battery charging; if so, execute step S3; S3: Obtain the weather forecast for the location where the battery is located, determine the ambient temperature table within a future preset time according to the weather forecast for the location where the battery is located, and calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within the future preset time according to the ambient temperature table within the future preset time and the current battery ambient temperature; S4: Obtain the battery temperature rise data, and calculate the time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature within the future preset time; S5: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the expected SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the battery loss value per unit time and the time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of a single battery cell to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging; S6: Obtain the expected battery SOC when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the over-temperature protection value for battery charging according to the current battery SOC and the expected SOC change value; S7: Obtain the low SOC protection threshold for the battery, and determine whether the expected battery SOC is greater than the low SOC protection threshold for the battery; if not, stop the battery from discharging externally.

2. The method for controlling the charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that step S3 specifically includes: S31: Obtain the weather forecast for the location where the battery is located, determine the ambient temperature table within a future preset time according to the weather forecast for the location where the battery is located, and the ambient temperature table includes the ambient temperature at each preset unit time interval from the current moment to the future preset time; S32: Calculate the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature according to the ambient temperature at the current moment and the current battery ambient temperature; S33: Calculate the expected battery ambient temperature within the future preset time according to the ambient temperature table and the first correction coefficient of the battery ambient temperature.

3. The method for controlling the charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that step S4 includes: S41: Obtain the battery temperature rise data, and the battery temperature rise data includes the temperature change value of the battery during the preset unit time at different battery ambient temperatures; S42: Determine the temperature change value of the battery for each preset unit time according to the battery temperature rise data and the expected battery ambient temperature within the future preset time; S43: Calculate the number of segments of the preset unit time required for the highest temperature of a single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of the single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the temperature change value of the battery per segment in the preset unit time, so as to obtain the duration required for the highest temperature of the single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of the single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value.

4. The method for controlling the prevention of high-temperature charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein step S5 specifically includes: S51: Obtain the battery loss value per unit time, and calculate the predicted power change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the battery loss value per unit time and the duration required for the highest temperature of the single battery cell to drop from the current highest temperature of the single battery cell to the battery charging over-temperature protection value. S52: Obtain the rated capacity of the battery, and calculate the predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value according to the rated capacity of the battery and the predicted power change value when the highest temperature of the single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value.

5. The method for controlling the prevention of high-temperature charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein step S5 further includes: Perform a correction process on the predicted SOC change value: Multiply the predicted SOC change value when the highest temperature of a single battery cell drops to the battery charging over-temperature protection value obtained by calculation by a second correction coefficient to obtain the corrected predicted SOC change value, wherein the value range of the second correction coefficient is between 1 and 1.

3.

6. The method for controlling the prevention of high-temperature charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein before step S1, it further includes: A1: Judge whether the battery temperature rise data stored in the system is consistent with the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module. If so, execute step S1; otherwise, execute step A2. A2: Read the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module and store the battery temperature rise data in the battery management module in the system.

7. An energy storage system, characterized in that, Control the battery by using the method for controlling the prevention of high-temperature charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program is set to be run by a processor to execute the method for controlling the prevention of high-temperature charging of a battery in an energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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