An interleaved photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic mounting systems

Abstract

This invention provides an interleaved photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic (PV) brackets, relating to the field of PV bracket technology. It includes a mounting base, a rotating seat rotatably connected to the mounting base, and an arrangement frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat via several support columns of different heights. The arrangement frame includes an upper parallel section, a lower parallel section, and a support bracket. Several sets of parallel mounting shafts are arranged between the support brackets, and PV modules are fixedly connected to the mounting shafts. A cleaning component is provided on one side of the arrangement frame. This invention ensures ample space behind the PV modules, improving their heat dissipation performance during operation. By suspending the PV modules on the mounting shafts, it ensures that wastewater generated during module cleaning will not flow onto other PV modules or accumulate on the PV bracket. The automatic cleaning component saves significant manpower while ensuring the cleanliness of the PV modules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic support technology, specifically to an interlaced photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic support. Background Technology

[0002] A solar photovoltaic (PV) bracket is a special bracket designed for placing, installing, and fixing solar panels in a solar PV power generation system.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic module arrangement structures, such as the staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic mounting disclosed in CN114050772A, have the following problems:

[0004] Without automatic cleaning components, cleaning photovoltaic panels requires manual labor, which consumes a lot of human resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an interleaved photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic brackets to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention discloses an interlaced photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic brackets, comprising a mounting base, a rotating seat rotatably connected to the mounting base, and an arrangement frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat via several support columns of different heights. The arrangement frame includes an upper parallel section, a bracket, and a lower parallel section connected in sequence. Brackets are provided on opposite sides between the upper and lower parallel sections, and several sets of mutually parallel mounting shafts are provided between the brackets. Photovoltaic modules are fixedly connected to the mounting shafts, and a cleaning mechanism is provided on one side of the arrangement frame.

[0007] Preferably, the installation angle between the bracket and the ground is 10°.

[0008] Preferably, the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module are N-type cells using shingled technology.

[0009] Preferably, supports are provided on both the left and right sides between the upper and lower parallel sections. The cleaning mechanism includes a set of parallel slide rails, which are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the upper and lower parallel sections. A cleaning frame is slidably connected to the parallel slide rails in the left and right direction. The cleaning frame is parallel to the supports. A telescopic seat is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cleaning frame. Several sets of cleaning components are spaced apart on the lower surface of the telescopic seat.

[0010] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes several sets of electric telescopic rods. The fixed end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the telescopic base. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is rotatably connected to a cleaning head. The cleaning head is connected to a drive device, which is used to drive the cleaning head to rotate. A water tank is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating base. A water supply pipe is provided inside the cleaning rack. The water tank and the inlet of the water supply pipe are connected through a water pumping pipe. The outlet of the water supply pipe is connected to the cleaning head.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting shaft is a rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the bracket. The bracket is equipped with a first motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and the system further includes:

[0012] The first data acquisition device, mounted on the rack, is used to acquire the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle.

[0013] The second data acquisition device is located on the upper surface of the upper parallel section and is used to acquire real-time wind direction and wind speed.

[0014] The setting unit sets the tilt angle and azimuth angle data for the photovoltaic module. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic module is the angle formed between the photovoltaic module and the ground. In the initial state, the tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module is the same as the angle formed between the support and the ground, and the azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module in the initial state is the same as the solar azimuth angle.

[0015] The first determining unit is used to determine the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module based on the solar altitude angle.

[0016] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module is the same as the azimuth angle of the sun;

[0017] The first determination unit first sets the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules to the maximum efficiency tilt angle. Then, it calculates the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module sequentially based on the second calculation unit. If the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module is less than or equal to zero, the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules is retained as the maximum efficiency tilt angle. If the shading area of ​​any photovoltaic module is greater than zero, the tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module with the shading area greater than zero is set to the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module is calculated again based on the second calculation unit. The tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module is corrected according to the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module, and the corrected tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module is used in the subsequent calculation of the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0018] The second determination unit compares the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module with the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module. If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module is less than the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module, the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module are not corrected. If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module is less than the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module, the azimuth angle adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module is calculated, and the azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module is corrected according to the azimuth angle adjustment angle.

[0019] The third calculation unit is used to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module;

[0020] An angle adjustment unit is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module by driving the rotating base and the mounting shaft based on the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module.

[0021] Preferably, the second calculation unit uses Formula 1 to calculate the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module. Formula 1 is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, T i Let be the shading area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic module, Q be the vertical distance between the two rotation axes, W be the horizontal distance between the two rotation axes, A be the length of the photovoltaic module, B be the width of the photovoltaic module, and δ be the shading area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic module. i-1 Let be the tilt angle of the (i-1)th photovoltaic module, μ be the tilt angle for maximum efficiency, and the width of the photovoltaic module be the profile length along the rotation axis; tan is the tangent function, sin is the sine function, and cos is the cosine function.

[0024] Preferably, the second calculation unit uses Formula 2 to calculate the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module. Formula 2 is:

[0025]

[0026] Where, τ i Let be the shading adjustment angle of the i-th photovoltaic module, sin -1 is the arcsine function; μ is the maximum efficiency tilt angle.

[0027] Preferably, the first calculation unit uses Formula 3 to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle. Formula 3 is:

[0028]

[0029] in, The maximum safe tilt angle is given by: d is the diameter of the mounting shaft, σ is the maximum allowable stress of the mounting shaft material, S is the safety factor, L is the length of the mounting shaft, ρ is the air density, V is the wind speed, C is the air drag coefficient, α is the azimuth angle corresponding to the wind direction, β is the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, cos is the cosine function, π is pi, A is the length of the photovoltaic module, and B is the width of the photovoltaic module.

[0030] Preferably, the third calculation unit uses Formula 4 to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle. Formula 4 is:

[0031]

[0032] Where ε is the azimuth adjustment angle, μ is the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and cos -1 The function is an inverse cosine function, and β is the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0033] Formula 4 will yield two azimuth adjustment angle values. The smaller absolute value will be selected as the actual azimuth adjustment angle used.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] By designing the rack structure as an upper parallel section, a lower parallel section, and a support, ample space is ensured behind the photovoltaic modules, improving their heat dissipation performance during operation. The staggered arrangement of the photovoltaic modules ensures sufficient light-receiving area and power generation efficiency. Suspending the photovoltaic modules with mounting shafts prevents wastewater generated during cleaning from flowing onto other photovoltaic modules or accumulating on the photovoltaic support. The inclusion of an automatic cleaning component saves significant manpower while maintaining the cleanliness of the photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Rotating seat; 3. Support column; 4. Arrangement frame; 401. Upper parallel section; 402. Lower parallel section; 403. Bracket; 5. Mounting shaft; 6. Photovoltaic module; 7. Cleaning mechanism; 8. Parallel slide rail; 9. Cleaning rack; 10. Telescopic seat; 11. Electric telescopic rod; 12. Cleaning head; 13. Water tank; 14. Water pump pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] Furthermore, in this invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" is for descriptive purposes only and does not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor is it intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish components or operations described using the same technical terms and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions and features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If a combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0044] The present invention provides the following embodiments.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This invention provides an interleaved photovoltaic module arrangement structure for photovoltaic mounting systems, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, the device includes a mounting base 1, on which a rotating seat 2 is rotatably connected (preferably, a second motor is installed inside the mounting base 1 to drive the rotating seat 2 to rotate). A mounting frame 4 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat 2 by several support columns 3 of different heights. The mounting frame 4 includes an upper parallel section 401, a bracket 403, and a lower parallel section 402 connected in sequence. Brackets 403 are provided on opposite sides between the upper parallel section 401 and the lower parallel section 402. Several sets of mutually parallel mounting shafts 5 are provided between the brackets 403. Photovoltaic modules 6 are fixedly connected to the mounting shafts 5. A cleaning mechanism 7 is provided on one side of the mounting frame 4.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0048] By designing the arrangement frame 4 as an upper parallel section 401, a lower parallel section 402, and a bracket 403, a large amount of space is ensured behind the photovoltaic module 6, improving the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic module 6 during operation. The staggered arrangement of the photovoltaic modules 6 ensures the light-receiving area of ​​the photovoltaic modules 6 and guarantees power generation efficiency. The photovoltaic modules 6 are suspended and fixed by the mounting shaft 5, ensuring that the wastewater generated during the module cleaning process will not flow onto the other photovoltaic modules 6 or accumulate on the photovoltaic bracket 403. The azimuth and tilt angles of the photovoltaic modules 6 are adjusted by the rotating seat 2 and the mounting shaft 5, ensuring that the photovoltaic modules 6 receive stronger sunlight and improve power generation efficiency.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Based on Example 1, the installation angle between the rack 44 and the ground is 10°.

[0051] Preferably, the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module 66 are N-type cells using shingled technology.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0053] Compared to the mainstream P-type cells currently on the market, N-type cells have advantages such as better low-light performance, lower temperature coefficient, and higher conversion efficiency. For every degree Celsius increase in temperature, the output power of traditional P-type cells decreases by 0.4% to 0.5%, while the temperature coefficient of N-type cells is only about half that of the former. N-type cells also offer advantages such as higher conversion efficiency, higher bifaciality, lower temperature coefficient, and longer carrier lifetime. Furthermore, N-type modules have a lower degradation rate (1% in the first year, 0.4% for linearity). Therefore, N-type modules generate more electricity over their lifespan, significantly reducing power generation costs.

[0054] Shingled technology optimizes the module structure, significantly reduces internal losses, substantially increases output power, minimizes power loss during module encapsulation, and effectively reduces the impact of reverse current and hot spot effects. In terms of reliability, the shingled connection method distributes stress across the cells, allowing it to withstand mechanical loads better than traditional modules and exhibiting fewer microcracks. Furthermore, shingled modules offer stronger resistance to shading and operate at lower temperatures. These advantages all contribute to its reliability.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Based on Example 1 or 2, such as Figure 1-3As shown, brackets 403 are provided on both the left and right sides between the upper parallel section 401 and the lower parallel section 402. The cleaning mechanism 7 includes a set of parallel slide rails 8, which are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the upper parallel section 401 and the lower parallel section 402. A cleaning frame 9 is slidably connected to the parallel slide rails 8 in the left and right direction. The cleaning frame 9 is parallel to the brackets 403. A telescopic seat 10 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cleaning frame 9. Several sets of cleaning components are arranged at intervals on the lower surface of the telescopic seat 10.

[0057] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes several sets of electric telescopic rods 11. The fixed end of the electric telescopic rod 11 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the telescopic seat 10. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 11 is rotatably connected to a cleaning head 12. The cleaning head 12 is connected to a driving device, which is used to drive the cleaning head 12 to rotate. A water tank 13 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat 2. A water supply pipeline is provided inside the cleaning rack 9. The water tank 13 and the water supply pipeline inlet are connected through a water pumping pipe 14. The water supply pipeline outlet is connected to the cleaning head 12.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0059] When the photovoltaic module 6 stops generating electricity at night, the cleaning rack 9 slides left and right on the parallel slide rail 8, causing the cleaning head 12 to slide across the surface of the photovoltaic module 6. The cleaning head 12 is then activated to rotate, and at the same time, the water pipe 14 draws clean water from the water tank 13 and sprays it onto the cleaning head 12 to improve the cleaning effect. The distance between the cleaning head 12 and the surface of the photovoltaic module 6 is adjusted by the electric telescopic rod 11 to ensure the cleaning effect while ensuring that the cleaning head 12 will not damage the photovoltaic module 6. The extension end of the cleaning head 12 is rotatably connected to the extension end of the electric telescopic rod 11 to ensure that the cleaning head 12 fits the photovoltaic module 6 more closely.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] Based on any one of embodiments 1-3, the mounting shaft is a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bracket, and a first motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is provided on the bracket, and the system further includes:

[0062] The first data acquisition device is mounted on the rack 4 and is used to acquire the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle.

[0063] The second data acquisition device is installed on the upper surface of the upper parallel section 401 to acquire real-time wind direction and wind speed.

[0064] The setting unit sets the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data for the photovoltaic module 6. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the angle formed between the photovoltaic module 6 and the ground. The tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module 6 in the initial state is the same as the angle formed between the support 403 and the ground. The azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module 6 in the initial state is the same as the solar azimuth angle.

[0065] The first determining unit is used to determine the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 based on the solar altitude angle.

[0066] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the same as the solar azimuth angle;

[0067] The first determination unit first sets the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules 6 to the maximum efficiency tilt angle. Then, it calculates the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module 6 sequentially based on the second calculation unit. If the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module 6 is less than or equal to zero, the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules 6 is retained as the maximum efficiency tilt angle. If the shading area of ​​any photovoltaic module 6 is greater than zero, the tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module 6 with a shading area greater than zero is set to the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is calculated again based on the second calculation unit. The tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module 6 is corrected according to the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module 6, and the corrected tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module 6 is used in the subsequent calculation of the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module 6.

[0068] The second determination unit compares the maximum safe tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6 with the maximum efficiency tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6. If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6 is less than the maximum safe tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6, then no correction is made to the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of photovoltaic module 6. If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6 is greater than the maximum safe tilt angle of photovoltaic module 6, then the azimuth angle adjustment angle of photovoltaic module 6 is calculated, and the azimuth angle data of photovoltaic module 6 is corrected according to the azimuth angle adjustment angle of photovoltaic module 6.

[0069] The third calculation unit is used to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module 6;

[0070] An angle adjustment unit is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module 6 by driving the rotating seat 2 and the mounting shaft 5 according to the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module 6.

[0071] Preferably, the second calculation unit uses Formula 1 to calculate the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module. Formula 1 is:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, T i Let be the shading area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic module, Q be the vertical distance between the two rotation axes, W be the horizontal distance between the two rotation axes, A be the length of the photovoltaic module, B be the width of the photovoltaic module, and δ be the shading area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic module. i-1Let be the tilt angle of the (i-1)th photovoltaic module, μ be the tilt angle for maximum efficiency, and the width of the photovoltaic module be the profile length along the rotation axis; tan is the tangent function, sin is the sine function, and cos is the cosine function.

[0074] Preferably, the second calculation unit uses Formula 2 to calculate the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module. Formula 2 is:

[0075]

[0076] Where, τ i Let be the shading adjustment angle of the i-th photovoltaic module, sin -1 is the arcsine function; μ is the maximum efficiency tilt angle.

[0077] Preferably, the first calculation unit uses Formula 3 to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle. Formula 3 is:

[0078]

[0079] in, The maximum safe tilt angle is given by: d is the diameter of the mounting shaft, σ is the maximum allowable stress of the mounting shaft material, S is the safety factor, L is the length of the mounting shaft, ρ is the air density, V is the wind speed, C is the air drag coefficient, α is the azimuth angle corresponding to the wind direction, β is the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, cos is the cosine function, π is pi, A is the length of the photovoltaic module, and B is the width of the photovoltaic module.

[0080] Preferably, the third calculation unit uses Formula 4 to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle. Formula 4 is:

[0081]

[0082] Where ε is the azimuth adjustment angle, μ is the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and cos -1 The function is an inverse cosine function, and β is the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0083] Formula 4 will yield two azimuth adjustment angle values. The smaller absolute value will be selected as the actual azimuth adjustment angle used.

[0084] The angle adjustment unit is used to control the operation of the first motor and the second motor, and to adjust the angle.

[0085] In this embodiment, the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the azimuth angle corresponding to the projection of the perpendicular line of the sunlight receiving surface of the photovoltaic module 6 onto the ground.

[0086] In this embodiment, the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the tilt angle at which the photovoltaic module 6 has the highest power generation efficiency at that tilt angle at that moment.

[0087] In this embodiment, the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the complementary angle of the solar altitude angle at that moment.

[0088] In this embodiment, the safety factor is the ratio of the ultimate stress to the allowable stress when designing civil, mechanical, and other engineering projects. In order to prevent the consequences caused by factors such as material defects, work deviations, and sudden increases in external forces, the theoretically bearable force of the load-bearing part of the project must be greater than the actual force it bears. The ratio of the two is called the safety factor. The safety factor in Formula 3 and Formula 4 has a value range of 1.3-1.5.

[0089] In this embodiment, the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module 6 is the area of ​​the photovoltaic module 6 that cannot receive sunlight due to the shading of the front photovoltaic module 6.

[0090] In this embodiment, the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the minimum angle required to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 to zero when the shading area is zero.

[0091] In this embodiment, the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the maximum permissible tilt angle that the photovoltaic module 6 can guarantee safety at the current moment. When the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is greater than the maximum safe tilt angle, the photovoltaic module 6 is at risk of damage.

[0092] In this implementation, the drag coefficient, often expressed as (Cd, Cx, Cw), is a dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to represent the resistance of an object in a fluid (such as water or air). The drag coefficient appears in the drag equation; a smaller drag coefficient indicates less wind or fluid resistance experienced by the object. The drag coefficient is related to the shape of the object and its surface characteristics.

[0093] In this embodiment, the azimuth adjustment angle is the angle required to rotate the photovoltaic module 6 to ensure its safety.

[0094] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0095] By acquiring the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle, the first calculation unit calculates the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 to achieve maximum power generation efficiency. By acquiring real-time wind speed and direction, it determines the maximum safe tilt angle when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is the same as the solar azimuth angle. By calculating the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module 6, it confirms whether each photovoltaic module 6 is shaded by the photovoltaic module 6 in front. When it is found that the photovoltaic module 6 behind is shaded by the photovoltaic module 6 in front, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 behind is adjusted to ensure that all photovoltaic modules 6 can receive sunlight completely, preventing some photovoltaic modules 6 from being shaded and affecting power generation efficiency. By comparing the maximum efficiency tilt angle and the maximum safe tilt angle, it is determined whether the current tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is safe, ensuring that the photovoltaic module 6 will not bear excessive resistance, causing bending or breakage of the mounting shaft 5, and preventing damage to the photovoltaic bracket 403.

[0096] Since the azimuth angle has a relatively small impact on power generation efficiency, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module 6 is kept at the maximum efficiency tilt angle. The windward area of ​​the photovoltaic module 6 is changed by adjusting the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module 6 to ensure the safety of the photovoltaic support 403. This can maintain a high power generation efficiency while ensuring the safety of the photovoltaic support 403.

[0097] Formula 4 yields two possible rotation angles, corresponding to the solar receiving surface of photovoltaic module 6 facing the sun and the side away from the sun, respectively. Since photovoltaic module 6 currently faces the sun, the smaller rotation angle among the two calculated by formula 2 results in the solar receiving surface facing the sun. By using logical judgment, the actual adjustment angle is determined from the two azimuth adjustment angles calculated by formula 2, reducing the amount of calculation in determining the actual adjustment angle and improving the response speed of photovoltaic bracket 403.

[0098] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support, characterized in that: The system includes a mounting base (1), a rotating seat (2) rotatably connected to the mounting base (1), and a mounting frame (4) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat (2) by several support columns (3) of different heights. The mounting frame (4) includes an upper parallel section (401), a bracket (403) and a lower parallel section (402) connected in sequence. Brackets (403) are provided on both sides of the upper parallel section (401) and the lower parallel section (402). Several sets of mutually parallel mounting shafts (5) are provided between the brackets (403). Photovoltaic modules (6) are fixedly connected to the mounting shafts (5). A cleaning mechanism (7) is provided on one side of the mounting frame (4). The mounting shaft (5) is a rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the bracket (403). A first motor for driving the rotating shaft is installed on the bracket (403). The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for the photovoltaic bracket also includes: The first data acquisition device is set on the rack (4) and is used to acquire the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle. The second data acquisition device is installed on the upper surface of the upper parallel section (401) to acquire real-time wind direction and wind speed. The setting unit sets the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data for the photovoltaic module (6). The tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is the angle formed between the photovoltaic module (6) and the ground. The tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) in the initial state is the same as the angle formed between the support (403) and the ground. The azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) in the initial state is the same as the solar azimuth angle. The first determining unit is used to determine the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6) based on the solar altitude angle; The first calculation unit is used to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is the same as the solar azimuth angle; The first determination unit first sets the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules (6) to the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and then calculates the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module (6) sequentially based on the second calculation unit from front to back. If the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module (6) is less than or equal to zero, the tilt angle data of all photovoltaic modules (6) is retained as the maximum efficiency tilt angle. If the shading area of ​​any photovoltaic module (6) is greater than zero, the tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) with a shading area greater than zero is set to the maximum efficiency tilt angle, and the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is calculated again based on the second calculation unit. The tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) is corrected according to the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module (6), and the corrected tilt angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) is used in the subsequent calculation of the shading area of ​​the photovoltaic module (6). The second determination unit compares the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6) with the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6). If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is less than the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6), then the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) are not corrected. If the maximum efficiency tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is greater than the maximum safe tilt angle of the photovoltaic module (6), then the azimuth angle adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module (6) is calculated, and the azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module (6) is corrected according to the azimuth angle adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module (6). The third calculation unit is used to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module (6); An angle adjustment unit is used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module (6) by driving the rotating seat (2) and the mounting shaft (5) according to the tilt angle data and azimuth angle data of the photovoltaic module (6); The first calculation unit uses Formula 3 to calculate the maximum safe tilt angle. Formula 3 is: in, The maximum safe tilt angle is given by d, where d is the diameter of the mounting shaft. Where S is the maximum allowable stress of the mounting shaft material, S is the safety factor, and L is the length of the mounting shaft. V is the air density, V is the wind speed, and C is the air drag coefficient. This is the azimuth angle corresponding to the wind direction. θ is the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module; cos is the cosine function; π is pi; A is the length of the photovoltaic module; and B is the width of the photovoltaic module.

2. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation angle between the bracket (403) and the ground is 10°.

3. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module (6) are N-type cells using shingled technology.

4. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: Supports (403) are provided on both the left and right sides between the upper parallel section (401) and the lower parallel section (402). The cleaning mechanism (7) includes a set of parallel slide rails (8). The parallel slide rails (8) are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the upper parallel section (401) and the lower parallel section (402). A cleaning rack (9) is slidably connected to the parallel slide rails (8) in the left and right direction. The cleaning rack (9) is parallel to the support (403). A telescopic seat (10) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cleaning rack (9). Several sets of cleaning components are spaced apart on the lower surface of the telescopic seat (10).

5. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly includes several sets of electric telescopic rods (11). The fixed end of the electric telescopic rod (11) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the telescopic seat (10). The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (11) is rotatably connected to a cleaning head (12). The cleaning head (12) is connected to a driving device. The driving device is used to drive the cleaning head (12) to rotate. A water tank (13) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat (2). A water supply pipeline is provided inside the cleaning rack (9). The water tank (13) and the water supply pipeline inlet are connected through a water pump (14). The water supply pipeline outlet is connected to the cleaning head (12).

6. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second calculation unit uses Formula 1 to calculate the shading area of ​​each photovoltaic module. Formula 1 is: in, Let be the shading area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic module, Q be the vertical distance between the two rotation axes, W be the horizontal distance between the two rotation axes, A be the length of the photovoltaic module, and B be the width of the photovoltaic module. Let be the tilt angle of the (i-1)th photovoltaic module. For the maximum efficiency tilt angle, the width of the photovoltaic module is the profile length along the rotation axis; tan is the tangent function, sin is the sine function, and cos is the cosine function.

7. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second calculation unit uses Formula 2 to calculate the shading adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module. Formula 2 is: in, Let be the shading adjustment angle of the i-th photovoltaic module. It is the arcsine function; The tilt angle is for maximum efficiency.

8. The staggered photovoltaic module arrangement structure for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third calculation unit uses Formula 4 to calculate the azimuth adjustment angle. Formula 4 is: in, To adjust the azimuth angle, For maximum efficiency, tilt angle It is an inverse cosine function. This refers to the current azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module; Formula 4 will yield two azimuth adjustment angle values. The smaller absolute value will be selected as the actual azimuth adjustment angle used.

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