Centralized rice seedling raising method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a rice centralized seedling raising method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising, and the rice centralized seedling raising method comprises the following steps: after rice is sown, seedling raising is performed on a seedling tray for 15 days in a three-dimensional factory, and then seedling hardening is performed for 15 days in a field to obtain seedlings; or after the rice is sown, seedling raising is conducted on the seedling tray through a three-dimensional factory for 20 days, then seedling hardening is conducted on a field for 10 days, and seedlings are obtained. The technical problems that in the prior art, seedling diseases occur frequently, seedlings are weak, roots are weak, the seedlings are thin and poor in packing during seedling raising in a three-dimensional factory are solved, and the technical effect that the seedlings meeting the machine transplanting standardization standard are cultivated through seedling raising in the three-dimensional factory and seedling hardening in the seedling bed in the low-temperature and low-illumination area is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling cultivation, and in particular to a centralized rice seedling cultivation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In low-temperature and low-light areas (such as Guizhou), the temperature and light for growing rice seedlings in spring are insufficient, and late spring cold snaps occur frequently. The scattered small greenhouses for growing rice seedlings in the field are easily affected, resulting in seed rot, no seedlings, uneven seedlings, and frostbite. The seedlings are also easily affected by ice disasters and floods. Factory-based centralized rice seedling cultivation can avoid the above-mentioned problems and risks, and can also reduce the amount of rice seedling fields used.

[0003] However, the factory-based centralized seedling cultivation in the prior art, especially the three-dimensional factory seedling cultivation, has obvious deficiencies in terms of warming, supplementary lighting and equipment. In the absence of an air circulation device, there will be a temperature difference of nearly 3°C to 5°C inside and outside the vertical seedling cultivation rack. In addition, the light shielding effect of the greenhouse plastic sheet greatly reduces the intensity of direct light. In the spring when light is already insufficient, the seedlings in the seedling cultivation will be even more seriously lacking in light. As a result, the three-dimensional factory seedling cultivation has problems such as frequent seedling diseases, weak seedlings, weak roots, thin seedlings and poor rooting. It is difficult for the seedlings to meet the standardized standards for machine transplanting, which is not conducive to mechanical planting.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a centralized rice seedling raising method, which can obtain rice seedlings that meet the standardized standards of machine transplanting in low-temperature and low-light areas.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide an application of a centralized rice seedling raising method, which is beneficial for the seedlings to meet the standardized standards for machine transplanting and is beneficial for mechanical planting.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted: In a first aspect, a method for centralized rice seedling raising comprises the following steps: After rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 15 days, and then hardened in the field for 15 days to obtain the seedlings; Alternatively, after rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days and then hardened in the field for 10 days to obtain the seedlings.

[0008] Furthermore, the seedling raising soil used in the seedling raising method includes a matrix and raw soil; The mass ratio of the matrix to the raw soil is 3:7 or 4:6.

[0009] Furthermore, the seedling raising soil also contains compound fertilizer; The mass ratio of the seedling raising soil to the compound fertilizer is 100 jin: (3-5) kg.

[0010] Furthermore, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, when the seedlings are at the 1.5-leaf stage and the 2.5-leaf stage, the seedlings are fertilized with pesticides; The medicated fertilizer includes 30% metalaxyl-oxazolidinone aqueous solution and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical factory, when the temperature in the greenhouse is below 25°C, watering is carried out after 5 pm every day until water is poured through and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0012] Furthermore, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical factory, when the temperature in the greenhouse is above 25°C, watering is carried out before 10 am and after 5 pm every day until water is poured through and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0013] Further, the field hardening includes the following steps: After 15 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling trays. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu of fertilizer is applied to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0014] Further, the field hardening includes the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling tray. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu is used as fertilizer to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0015] Further, the field hardening includes the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the trays 2cm~3cm higher than the surface of the trays. After that, special foliar fertilizer for rice is sprayed. After retaining water for 3~5 days, the trays are drained and kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0016] In a second aspect, a centralized rice seedling raising method as described in any one of the above items is used for raising rice seedlings in low temperature and low light areas.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The centralized rice seedling raising method provided by the present invention raises rice seedlings separately in the rice seedling raising cycle of 30 days by means of the two time periods of "three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising + seedling hardening in the rice field", that is, the three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising for 15 days + field hardening for 15 days, or the three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising for 20 days + field hardening for 10 days is adopted to raise rice seedlings. Practical verification shows that the cultivated rice seedlings can basically reach the quality of the rice seedlings raised in the field in decentralized small arch sheds for 30 days.

[0018] The application of the centralized rice seedling raising method provided by the present invention is conducive to the rice seedlings meeting the standardized standards for machine transplanting and mechanical planting, and achieves the technical effect of cultivating rice seedlings meeting the standardized standards for machine transplanting through three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising and seedling field hardening in low-temperature and low-light areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a physical comparison diagram of the final growth of the seedlings obtained in Test Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the seedling planting effect obtained in Test Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the seedling planting effect obtained in Test Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for centralized rice seedling raising, comprising the following steps: After rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 15 days, and then hardened in the field for 15 days to obtain the seedlings; Alternatively, after rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days and then hardened in the field for 10 days to obtain the seedlings.

[0023] Within the 30-day rice seedling raising cycle, the present invention raises rice seedlings separately in two time periods of "three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising + seedling field hardening", that is, 15 days of three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising + 15 days of field hardening, or 20 days of three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising + 10 days of field hardening. Practical verification shows that the cultivated seedlings can basically reach the quality of seedlings raised in 30-day decentralized small arch sheds in the field.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the seedling raising soil used in the seedling raising method can be configured by "matrix + raw soil", and the matrix and raw soil can be configured in a mass ratio of 3:7 or 4:6 to form the seedling raising soil.

[0025] Compared with the seedling-raising soil in which the matrix and raw soil are configured in a mass ratio of 2:8, the seedling-raising soil formed by configuring the matrix and raw soil in a mass ratio of 3:7 or 4:6 has better soil looseness, which is more conducive to the seedlings standing; at the same time, compared with the seedling-raising soil in which the matrix and raw soil are configured in a mass ratio of 5:5, the seedling-raising soil formed by configuring the matrix and raw soil in a mass ratio of 3:7 or 4:6 has better heat preservation and moisture retention effects and is lower in cost.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the seedling-raising soil also contains compound fertilizer; wherein the mass ratio of the seedling-raising soil to the compound fertilizer can be 100 jin: (3~5) kilograms, for example, it can be 100 jin: 3 kilograms, 100 jin: 4 kilograms, 100 jin: 5 kilograms, but is not limited thereto.

[0027] In the present invention, 3 kg to 5 kg of compound fertilizer is added to every 100 catties of seedling raising soil, mixed evenly, and then matured for 5 to 7 days, and then sown and watered, and the seeds are sent to a darkened germination room for germination after the soil in the tray is wet.

[0028] It should be noted that the specific seedling-raising soil of the present invention can effectively promote the growth of rice roots during dark germination. Within 48 hours of dark germination, the germination rate can reach more than 85% and can be directly put on the shelf. Compared with the pure seedling-raising matrix, which requires more than 72 hours for seedling germination and can be put on the shelf, the specific seedling-raising soil of the present invention can save more than 24 hours. The reason is that the pure seedling-raising matrix has good water permeability but poor moisture retention and heat preservation.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, medicated fertilizers are applied to the seedlings when they are at the 1.5-leaf stage and the 2.5-leaf stage; wherein the medicated fertilizers include but are not limited to 30% carbendazim-methoxam aqueous solution and amino acid water-soluble fertilizers.

[0030] In the present invention, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, 10 ml (1 pack) of 30% carbendazim·oxazolidinone aqueous solution + 25 ml of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer "Shifang" diluted with 15 kg of water can be used for spraying for fertilization when the seedlings are at the 1.5-leaf stage to prevent damping-off disease and apply weaning fertilizer; when the seedlings are at the 2.5-leaf stage, the above-mentioned components and the fertilizers in their proportions can also be continued for fertilization.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, when the temperature in the greenhouse is below 25°C, watering can be carried out after 5 pm every day until water is poured through and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, when the temperature in the greenhouse is above 25°C, watering can be carried out before 10 am and after 5 pm every day until water is fully irrigated and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, field hardening comprises the following steps: After 15 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling trays. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu of fertilizer is applied to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, field hardening comprises the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling tray. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu is used as fertilizer to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, field hardening comprises the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the trays 2cm~3cm higher than the surface of the trays. After that, special foliar fertilizer for rice is sprayed. After retaining water for 3~5 days, the trays are drained and kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

[0036] In summary, with the coordinated cooperation of various specific steps, the rice seedling raising method of the present invention solves the technical problems of frequent rice seedling diseases, weak seedlings, weak roots, thin seedlings and poor root packing in the prior art of three-dimensional chemical factory rice seedling raising.

[0037] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising rice seedlings in a centralized manner as described above for use in raising rice seedlings in low temperature and low light areas.

[0038] The application of the centralized rice seedling raising method provided by the present invention is conducive to the rice seedlings meeting the standardized standards for machine transplanting and mechanical planting, and achieves the technical effect of cultivating rice seedlings meeting the standardized standards for machine transplanting through three-dimensional chemical factory seedling raising and seedling field hardening in low-temperature and low-light areas.

[0039] The present invention is further described below by way of examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the examples are prepared according to existing methods or directly purchased from the market. Example

[0040] This embodiment provides a centralized rice seedling raising method, the seedling raising area is Guizhou (a low temperature and low light area), the seedling raising period is 30 days, and the method comprises the following steps: After rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 15 days, and then hardened in the field for 15 days to obtain the seedlings; The seedling soil used for raising seedlings is composed of substrate and raw soil in a mass ratio of 3:7; Add 4 kg of compound fertilizer to every 100 catties of seedling soil and mix well. After 6 days of maturation, sow seeds and water them until the soil in the tray is wet. Then send them to the dark germination room for germination. If the germination rate reaches more than 85% within 48 hours, they can be put on the shelves directly. During the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, 10 ml (1 pack) of 30% metalaxyl·oxazolidinone aqueous solution + 25 ml of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer "Shifang" diluted with 15 kg of water were used for spraying when the seedlings reached 1.5 leaves to prevent damping-off disease and apply weaning fertilizer; when the seedlings reached 2.5 leaves, continue to use the above-mentioned components and their proportions for fertilization; At the same time, during the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, when the temperature in the greenhouse is below 25℃, spray water once after 5 pm every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is watered and then stop spraying; when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 25℃ on a sunny day, spray water once before 10 am and after 5 pm every day until the bottom of the seedling tray is watered and then stop spraying; When hardening the seedlings in the field, first move the seedling trays that have been raised in the three-dimensional chemical factory for 15 days to the field and lay them flat. Then add water to it 2cm-3cm higher than the surface of the seedling trays, and then apply seedling-raising fertilizer at 4 kg of urea per mu. After retaining water for 6 days, drain the water and keep the seedling trays moist until the seedlings are transplanted. Among them, use rice blast-ling and pymetrozine as transplanting drugs before transplanting. Example

[0041] This embodiment provides a centralized rice seedling raising method, which is different from the first embodiment in that after the rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days, and then hardened in the field for 10 days to obtain the seedlings; At the same time, when hardening the seedlings in the field, first move the seedling trays that have been raised in the three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days to the field and lay them flat, then add water 2cm-3cm higher than the seedling tray surface, and then apply seedling fertilizer at 4 kg of urea per mu, then retain water for 6 days before draining, and then keep the seedling trays moist until the seedlings are transplanted; The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0042] This comparative example provides a method for centralized rice seedling raising, which is different from Example 1 only in that after rice is sown, the seedling tray is only used for field non-woven seedling raising for 30 days, and the seedlings are obtained without three-dimensional chemical plant seedling raising; The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0043] This comparative example provides a centralized rice seedling raising method, which is different from Example 1 only in that after rice is sown, the seedling tray is first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 25 days, and then hardened in the field for 5 days to obtain the seedlings; The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0044] This comparative example provides a method for centralized rice seedling raising, which is different from Example 1 only in that after rice is sown, the seedling tray is only raised in a three-dimensional factory for 30 days without field hardening to obtain the seedlings; The rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] The final growth of the rice seedlings obtained in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is shown in Figure 1 From left to right in the figure are the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 1 (raising seedlings in the field with non-woven fabric for 30 days), the seedlings obtained in Example 1 (raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 15 days and then acclimatizing seedlings in the field for 15 days), the seedlings obtained in Example 2 (raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days and then acclimatizing seedlings in the field for 10 days), the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 2 (raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 25 days and then acclimatizing seedlings in the field for 5 days), and the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 3 (raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 30 days). Figure 1 It can be seen that the quality of the seedlings cultivated by Examples 1-2 of the present invention is higher, which is better than the quality of the seedlings cultivated by Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0046] The planting effects of the seedlings obtained in Example 1 (first raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 15 days, then hardening seedlings in the field for 15 days) and the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 3 (raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 30 days) are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 The left side of the figure shows the planting effect of the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 3, and the right side shows the planting effect of the seedlings obtained in Example 1. The flowering and heading period of the seedlings in Example 1 (first raising the seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 15 days and then hardening the seedlings in the field for 15 days) is 3 days earlier than that of the seedlings raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 30 days.

[0047] The planting effects of the rice seedlings obtained in Example 2 (first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 20 days and then hardened in the field for 10 days) and the rice seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 2 (first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 25 days and then hardened in the field for 5 days) are shown in Table 1. Figure 3 The left side of the figure shows the planting effect of the seedlings obtained in Example 2, and the right side shows the planting effect of the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 2. The flowering and heading period of the seedlings in Example 2 (first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days and then hardened in the field for 10 days) is 3 days earlier than that of the seedlings raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 30 days.

[0048] In summary, within the 30-day seedling raising cycle, the present invention raises and hardens seedlings in two ways: raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 15 days + hardening seedlings in the field for 15 days, or raising seedlings in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days + hardening seedlings in the field for 10 days. The quality of the obtained seedlings can basically reach the quality of seedlings raised in the field in decentralized small arch sheds for 30 days, effectively solving the technical problems of frequent seedling diseases, weak seedlings, weak roots, and thin seedlings and poor rooting in the existing factory-based seedling raising, and achieving the technical effect of cultivating seedlings that meet the standardized standards of machine transplanting through three-dimensional chemical factory raising and seedling field hardening in low temperature and low light areas.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for centralized rice seedling raising, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical plant for 15 days, and then hardened in the field for 15 days to obtain the seedlings; Alternatively, after rice is sown, the seedling trays are first raised in a three-dimensional chemical factory for 20 days and then hardened in the field for 10 days to obtain the seedlings.

2. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling raising soil used in the seedling raising method comprises a matrix and raw soil; The mass ratio of the matrix to the raw soil is 3:7 or 4:

6.

3. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seedling raising soil also contains compound fertilizer; The mass ratio of the seedling raising soil to the compound fertilizer is 100 jin: (3-5) kg.

4. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: During the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional chemical plant, when the seedlings are at the 1.5-leaf stage and the 2.5-leaf stage, apply pesticide fertilizer to the seedlings; The medicated fertilizer includes 30% metalaxyl-oxazolidinone aqueous solution and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer.

5. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional factory, when the temperature in the greenhouse is below 25℃, water should be applied after 5 pm every day until water is soaked through and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

6. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the seedling raising period in the three-dimensional factory, when the temperature in the greenhouse is above 25℃, water should be applied before 10 am and after 5 pm every day until water is soaked through and water appears at the bottom of the seedling tray.

7. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field hardening comprises the following steps: After 15 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling trays. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu of fertilizer is applied to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

8. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field hardening comprises the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the field 2cm~3cm above the surface of the seedling tray. After that, 3kg~5kg of urea per mu is used as fertilizer to promote seedling growth. After retaining water for 5~7 days, the water is drained and the seedling trays are kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

9. The method for centralized rice seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field hardening comprises the following steps: After 20 days of seedling cultivation in the three-dimensional chemical factory, the seedling trays are moved to the field and laid flat. Then water is added to the trays 2cm~3cm higher than the surface of the trays. After that, special foliar fertilizer for rice is sprayed. After retaining water for 3~5 days, the trays are drained and kept moist until the seedlings are transplanted.

10. Use of the centralized rice seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in raising rice seedlings in low temperature and low light areas.

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