Cold deformation device and method for large aluminum alloy disc
By designing a cold deformation device for large aluminum alloy discs, the combination of segmented cold deformation and thermoforming mold lower molds has been solved, and the problem of lack of cold deformation equipment for large aluminum alloy discs has been achieved in high-performance cold deformation modeling , meets technical requirements and reduces production costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411695012.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
AI Technical Summary
There is a lack of forging equipment in China that can achieve cold deformation of large aluminum alloy discs, and existing equipment cannot meet the high performance requirements of aluminum alloy receivers, especially in terms of compression deformation, there is a problem of insufficient tonnage capacity.
A cold deformation device for large aluminum alloy discs is designed, including a final forging upper template, a final forging punch, a cold deformation punch and multiple cold deformation molds. The cold deformation area is calculated and divided by segmented cold deformation method. , the corresponding cold deformation mold is used to press one by one, and the lower mold of the thermoforming mold is used to perform cold deformation, combining the annular tooling and the pad to fill the gap, achieving effective cold deformation.
It realizes segmented cold deformation of large aluminum alloy discs, meets product technical requirements, reduces production costs, effectively utilizes molds, solves the problem of blank deformation during direct downward cold deformation, and fills the forged cold forming in large aluminum There are gaps in alloy disc molding, and performance testing meets technical requirements.
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Figure CN119259901A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy forging, and in particular relates to a cold deformation device and method for a large aluminum alloy disc. Background Art
[0002] This casing is a newly developed helicopter casing product. In this helicopter development project, its aluminum alloy casing is the largest in size, with a forging projection area of 3m 2 The performance requirements are relatively high and the required forging equipment has a large tonnage capacity, so there are very few companies that can undertake this project.
[0003] This aluminum alloy casing is the largest aluminum alloy disc product in China, with a maximum rotation diameter of about 2000mm. It is produced in China for the first time.
[0004] The aluminum alloy technology requires that after solution treatment, a constant deformation of 1% to 5% is produced by compression to eliminate stress. The projection area of the cold-pressed position of the two end surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate product is 0.94m 2 and 2.1m 2 The overall compression deformation requires a pressure of 1500MN. Currently, there is no press with such a large tonnage in China that can achieve this.
[0005] What kind of deformation method can meet the requirements of product technical standards is a difficult problem to be solved. Summary of the invention
[0006] Based on the above background, the purpose of the present invention is to achieve the ability of cold deformation of ultra-large aluminum alloy disc parts, filling the gap in cold deformation forming of large aluminum alloy disc parts in China.
[0007] In view of this, according to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a cold deformation device for a large aluminum alloy disk is provided, comprising: a final forging upper template 1, a final forging punch 2, a cold deformation punch 7 and a plurality of cold deformation dies, wherein the final forging upper template 1 is located at the bottom of the device, the final forging punch 2 is installed in the final forging upper template 1, the cold deformation punch 7 is located at the top of the device, the top diameter of the final forging punch 2 is smaller than the bottom diameter, and the edge is rounded, the outer dimension of the final forging punch 2 is the same as the inner dimension of the large aluminum alloy disk, and the plurality of cold deformation dies are in the shape of annulus, which are used for pressing corresponding to different cold deformation areas during cold deformation.
[0008] Optionally, the cold deformation punch 7 is a final forging punch of a hot deformation die of the aluminum alloy disc.
[0009] Optionally, the cross-section of the multiple cold deformation dies is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid.
[0010] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for cold deformation of a large aluminum alloy plate is provided, characterized in that any of the above-mentioned devices is used, including:
[0011] Step S01: Calculating the maximum single cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk and the total cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk;
[0012] Step S02: dividing the total cold deformation area into multiple cold deformation areas according to the maximum area of a single cold deformation;
[0013] Step S03: setting a corresponding cold deformation mold according to each cold deformation area;
[0014] Step S04: using the corresponding cold deformation mold to press each cold deformation area one by one.
[0015] Optionally, the cold deformation pressing pressure is N, the pressure per unit area of the aluminum alloy disc blank is M, and the cold deformation area is N / M.
[0016] Optionally, the method further includes measuring a single cold deformation amount, and the calculation formula of the single cold deformation amount is:
[0017] The thickness difference before and after cold deformation of the same deformation area of the forging ÷ the thickness of the forging before deformation × 100% = single deformation amount.
[0018] Optionally, the method further includes: calculating according to the minimum cross-sectional thickness of the aluminum alloy disk in each cold deformation area.
[0019] Optionally, the method further includes: controlling the cold deformation of the aluminum alloy disc forging to be between 1.5% and 2.5%.
[0020] Technical effects of the present invention:
[0021] Technical advantage 1: The segmented cold deformation method meets the technical requirements of the product's cold deformation amount;
[0022] Technical advantage 2: The upper die is used as the lower die in hot die forging, which effectively utilizes the die and reduces production costs;
[0023] Technical advantage 3: By calculating the bearing pressure per unit area, the area of each deformation area is determined. The bearing pressure per unit area is calculated as follows: deformation resistance of the material per unit area × bearing area = bearing pressure; the bearing pressure of each deformation area is not greater than 500MN, and then the area of each area is calculated.
[0024] Technical advantage 4: Due to the shrinkage of the blank size after cooling after hot forming in the previous process, the size of the blank is reduced. When the blank is placed on the lower die, there is a gap between the blank and the lower die plate. Direct pressing and cold deformation will cause the blank to deform. The annular tooling pad is used to fill the gap, which effectively solves the problem of direct pressing and cold deformation.
[0025] Technical advantage 5: The performance test meets the technical requirements, realizes the segmented cold deformation of large aluminum alloy disc parts, and fills the gap in forging cold forming in the forming of large aluminum alloy disc parts.
[0026] Technical advantage 6: This technology can be extended to aluminum alloy cold-deformed disc products of different sizes and specifications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cold deformation device for a large aluminum alloy plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a first cold deformation region of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a second cold deformation region in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a third cold deformation region of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fourth cold deformation area of an embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] Description of reference numerals:
[0033] 1- Final forging upper template; 2- Final forging punch; 7- Cold deformation punch; Steel plates; Steel plates; Steel plates; Steel plate, 12-first cold deformation area; 13-second cold deformation area; 14-third cold deformation area; 15-fourth cold deformation area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a cold deformation device for a large aluminum alloy plate is provided, comprising: a final forging upper template 1, a final forging punch 2, a cold deformation punch 7 and a plurality of cold deformation dies, wherein the final forging upper template 1 is located at the bottom of the device, the final forging punch 2 is installed in the final forging upper template 1, the cold deformation punch 7 is located at the top of the device, the top diameter of the final forging punch 2 is smaller than the bottom diameter, and the edge is rounded, the outer dimension of the final forging punch 2 is the same as the inner dimension of the large aluminum alloy plate, and the plurality of cold deformation dies are annular and are used to press the corresponding cold deformation areas during cold deformation. The projected area of the forging is 2.56m 2 If the cold deformation is positive (not inverted), there is 1.62m 2 The area that cannot be cold deformed (the inclined surface cannot be pressed vertically for cold deformation) accounts for 63% of the total projected area of the forging. If the forging is turned upside down and the final forging upper plate and punch in the hot forming die are used as the cold deformation lower die for support, the area that cannot be cold deformed is reduced to 0.46m 2 , greatly increasing the cold deformation area of the forging. In addition, after the deformation is completed, it is easier to visually observe the deformation state and measure the deformation size.
[0036] Furthermore, the cold deformation punch 7 is the final forging punch of the hot deformation die of the aluminum alloy plate. The cold deformation forming of the forging uses two sets of dies, one set is the hot forming die of the forging, and the other set is the cold forming die; the cold deformation die assembly is shown in Figure 1. In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the die and improve the economic benefits, the hot forming final forging upper template and the punch are used as the lower die during the cold deformation of the forging, and the cold deformation punch and multiple cold deformation dies are used to complete the cold deformation of the product.
[0037] The cross-section of the multi-block cold deformation mold is designed to be an inverted trapezoid. After local pressure is applied, a smooth transition R angle is formed. When the adjacent parts are pressed down, folding and pinching injuries are not easily formed.
[0038] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for cold deformation of a large aluminum alloy plate is provided, characterized in that any of the above-mentioned devices is used, including:
[0039] Step S01: Calculating the maximum single cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk and the total cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk;
[0040] Step S02: dividing the total cold deformation area into multiple cold deformation areas according to the maximum area of a single cold deformation;
[0041] Step S03: setting a corresponding cold deformation mold according to each cold deformation area;
[0042] Step S04: using the corresponding cold deformation mold to press each cold deformation area one by one.
[0043] like Figure 2As shown, the deformation dimension measurement of the first cold deformation area 12: the thickness dimension H1 of the position is measured before cold deformation, and the thickness dimension H2 of the position is measured after cold deformation.
[0044] The deformation thickness dimension of the first cold deformation region 12 = H1 - H2.
[0045] Before deformation, the upper die is in contact with the first cold deformation area 12 , and the upper die is not in contact with the second deformation area 13 .
[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the deformation dimension measurement of the second cold deformation area 13: after the cold deformation of the first cold deformation area 12 is completed, the vertical height between the upper end surface of the blank and the second deformation area 13 is measured as H3, and the vertical height between the upper end surface of the blank and the second deformation area 13 is measured after cold deformation as H4.
[0047] Deformation dimension of the second deformation region 13 = H4 - H3
[0048] The upper mold and the second deformation area 13 pad before deformation The steel plate 8 is in contact with the first cold deformation area 12 .
[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the deformation dimension measurement of the third cold deformation area 14: after the cold deformation of the second cold deformation area 13 is completed, the vertical height between the upper end surface of the blank and the third cold deformation area 14 is measured as H5, and the vertical height between the upper end surface of the blank and the third cold deformation area 14 is measured after cold deformation as H6.
[0050] Deformation size of the third cold deformation area 14 = H6 - H5
[0051] The upper die and the third cold deformation area 14 pad before deformation The steel plate 9 is in contact with the first cold deformation area 12 .
[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the deformation dimension measurement of the fourth cold deformation area 15: the thickness dimension H7 is measured at this position before cold deformation, and the thickness dimension H8 is measured at this position after cold deformation.
[0053] The deformation thickness dimension of the cold deformation area 4 = H7 - H8.
[0054] Note: Before deformation, the upper die and deformation area 4 pad The upper die is in contact with the steel sheet 10 , while the upper die is not in contact with the first cold deformation area 12 .
[0055] Furthermore, the cold deformation pressing pressure is N, the pressure per unit area of the aluminum alloy disc blank is M, and the cold deformation area is N / M.
[0056] The nominal pressure of aluminum alloy per square millimeter is about 50~62.5kg / mm2 ,The maximum pressure of the equipment is 500MN. Calculated based on the full load of 500MN, the area that can be deformed by 500MN is:
[0057] 500MN÷(50~62.5)kg / mm 2 =1~0.8m 2 .
[0058] Note: 500MN = 5 × 10 7 kg; 50kg / mm 2 =5×10 7 kg / m 2
[0059] Furthermore, it also includes measuring a single cold deformation amount, and the calculation formula of the single cold deformation amount is:
[0060] The thickness difference before and after cold deformation of the same deformation area of the forging ÷ the thickness of the forging before deformation × 100% = single deformation amount.
[0061] Furthermore, it also includes: calculating according to the minimum cross-sectional thickness of the aluminum alloy disk in each cold deformation area. The cross-section of this forging is mostly an inclined surface, so when setting the deformation amount of the four areas, it is necessary to calculate according to the minimum cross-sectional thickness in each cold deformation area.
[0062] Furthermore, it also includes: the cold deformation of the aluminum alloy disc forging is controlled between 1.5% and 2.5%. The forging undergoes a slight plastic deformation during the cold deformation process, and the grains are crushed and refined during the deformation process, and the grain boundary area increases, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the forging. However, the strengthening effect of the cold deformation of the forging does not increase with the increase in the deformation amount. According to the standard requirements, the cold deformation of the aluminum alloy should be controlled between 1% and 5%. However, referring to the cold deformation data and forging performance test data of the 7050-T7452 forgings produced in the past, the 7050 forgings will experience performance degradation after the cold deformation exceeds 3%, so the cold deformation of this forging is finally selected to be controlled between 1.5% and 2.5%.
[0063] The forging process is hot working and cooling, and the size shrinks. In order to rationally utilize the lower die of the existing mold tooling and reduce the number of matching molds, a pad, i.e., a φ2310×φ1595×3.5mm steel plate 11, is added to the cold deformation mold and placed on the final forging upper die 1 to support the blank and prevent local deformation during cold pressing.
[0064] Example
[0065] like Figure 2-5 As shown in the figure, in order to reduce the wear of the equipment and molds under full load, it is finally determined that the primary cold deformation area of the product does not exceed 0.8m 2 . But the projected area of the forging is 2.56m2 , area greater than 0.8m 2 , it is impossible to achieve overall cold deformation. Therefore, the forgings need to be divided into regions for cold deformation, and the deformation area each time should not exceed 0.8m 2 Considering that the forging is a disc, the outer diameter is not constrained during cold deformation. The forging can be divided into four adjacent circular cold deformation zones from the inside to the outside for segmented cold deformation.
[0066] Example 2
[0067] The maximum heat treatment thickness requirement for forgings in the 7050-T7452 (cold deformation state) state in domestic and foreign standards is ≤203mm, and the room temperature tensile requirements for forgings at 203mm are: tensile strength ≥462Mpa, yield strength ≥395Mpa, and elongation ≥8%. The maximum heat treatment thickness of the forging is 255mm, and the room temperature tensile performance requirements are much higher than the standard. The performance requirements can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2. Therefore, the production of this forging is extremely difficult. Cold deformation is an important means to improve the performance of forgings, and the setting of deformation is particularly important. The forgings finally meet the requirements by setting a reasonable cold deformation scheme, dividing the cold deformation area, and designing a reasonable cold deformation amount. The measured performance data of the forgings are shown in Table 2. This is the first time in China that large-size, large-thickness, and variable-section 7050-T7452 forgings have achieved this performance value, which provides a factual basis and a successful case for reference for the cold deformation of large 7050-T7452 forgings in China in the future. The high-multiple organization and three-way room tensile performance of the product meet the technical requirements. The data are shown in Table 1-2 below:
[0068] Table 1 Hardness data
[0069]
[0070] Table 2 Room temperature tensile properties
[0071]
[0072] The blank is placed in the cold deformation mold cavity according to the position shown in the figure, and the local pressure and cold deformation are calculated in sections, and the local pressure and cold deformation are matched to achieve appropriate values. According to the values, the segmented pressing tooling is designed. During the segmented cold pressing, the special tooling is placed in the cold pressing deformation area in sequence, and the segmented pressing is performed to achieve a segmented cold pressing amount distribution between 1.5 and 2.5%. The upper mold of the mold is adjusted to the lower mold, and the blank is buckled into the lower mold, which is conducive to the segmented cold pressing deformation of the blank; the mold tooling is effectively used to reduce the investment in the mold.
[0073] Example 3
[0074] The upper die for forging is adjusted to the lower die, and the blank is placed in the mold cavity as shown in the figure, which is conducive to the segmented cold pressing deformation of the blank. The local pressure and cold pressing deformation are calculated in segments, the local pressure is ≤500MN, and the cold deformation is controlled between 1 and 5%. According to the local pressure and cold pressing deformation, the segmented pressing tooling is designed, and the deformation area is cold pressed in turn to achieve a segmented cold pressing deformation distribution between 1.5 and 2.5%, meeting the technical requirements.
[0075] Adjust the upper die for forging to the lower die, and buckle the blank on the lower die, which is conducive to increasing the cold deformation area of the forging and realizing cold deformation of the 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 areas in sequence.
[0076] The area of the first cold deformation zone 12 is calculated to be 0.383m 2 The thickness of the cold deformed section is 160.7mm, the pressing amount is 2.5 to 3.5mm, the pressure is between 200MN and 500MN, the upper die contacts the blank for cold pressing deformation, and the deformation amount of the cold deformation area 12 is between 1.5 and 2.5%.
[0077] The area of the second cold deformation zone 13 is calculated to be 0.688m 2 , design cold deformation tooling, the size is φ1460×φ960×20mm, the thickness of the second cold deformation area 13 varies greatly, the pressing amount is determined by the minimum cross-section to be 2~3mm, the pressure is between 200MN~500MN, and the deformation amount of the second cold deformation area 13 is between 1.3% and 2.5%.
[0078] The area of the third cold deformation zone 14 is calculated to be 0.627m 2 , design cold deformation tooling, the size is φ1732×φ1390×20mm, the cross-sectional thickness of the third cold deformation area 14 is 307.92mm, the downward pressure is 5~7mm, the pressure is between 200MN~500MN, and the deformation of the third cold deformation area 14 is between 1.5~2.5%.
[0079] The area of the fourth cold deformation zone 15 is calculated to be 0.592m 2 , design cold deformation tooling, the size is φ2000×φ1568×20mm, the cross-sectional thickness of the fourth cold deformation area 15 is 344.2mm, the downward pressure is 5~7mm, the pressure is between 200MN~500MN, and the deformation of the fourth cold deformation area 15 is between 1.3% and 2.3%.
[0080] The blank is cooled during the hot working process and has size shrinkage. In order to rationally utilize the lower die of the existing mold tooling and reduce the number of supporting molds, a φ2310×φ1595×3.5mm tooling is placed to support the blank and prevent local deformation during cold pressing.
[0081] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is described in detail. The unexplained part is a conventional technology. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A cold deformation device for large aluminum alloy plates, characterized in that: include: A final forging upper template (1), a final forging punch (2), a cold deformation punch (7) and a plurality of cold deformation dies, wherein the final forging upper template (1) is located at the bottom of the device, the final forging punch (2) is installed in the final forging upper template (1), the cold deformation punch (7) is located at the top of the device, the top diameter of the final forging punch (2) is smaller than the bottom diameter, and the edge is rounded, the outer dimensions of the final forging punch (2) are the same as the inner dimensions of a large aluminum alloy plate, and the plurality of cold deformation dies are annular and are used to press corresponding to different cold deformation areas during cold deformation.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The cold deformation punch (7) is a final forging punch of a hot deformation die for an aluminum alloy plate.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross-section of the multi-block cold deformation mold is in an inverted trapezoidal shape.
4. A cold deformation method for a large aluminum alloy plate, characterized in that: Use of any of the devices described in claims 1-3, comprising: Step S01: Calculating the maximum single cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk and the total cold deformation area of the aluminum alloy disk; Step S02: dividing the total cold deformation area into multiple cold deformation areas according to the maximum area of a single cold deformation; Step S03: setting a corresponding cold deformation mold according to each cold deformation area; Step S04: using the corresponding cold deformation mold to press each cold deformation area one by one.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The cold deformation pressure is N, the pressure per unit area of the aluminum alloy disc blank is M, and the cold deformation area is N / M.
6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that It also includes measuring the single cold deformation, and the calculation formula for the single cold deformation is: (Difference in thickness before and after cold deformation of the same deformation area of the forging ÷ thickness of the forging before deformation) × 100% = single deformation amount.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Also includes: The calculation is based on the minimum cross-sectional thickness of the aluminum alloy disk in each cold deformation area.
8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Also includes: The cold deformation of the aluminum alloy disc forging is controlled between 1.5% and 2.5%.