A low-viscosity lubricating oil and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-viscosity lubricating oil and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of lubricating oils. First, the present invention uses a close-coupled vacuum induction furnace to combine titanium dioxide with sodium silicate in a spray form to form spherical nano titanium-silicon particles with a smooth surface, achieving the effect of a rolling bearing, reducing the frictional resistance, significantly improving the lubricating effect and wear resistance of the lubricating oil, and at the same time being able to enter the friction surface to form a lubricating film, reducing the surface roughness of the metal and further enhancing the wear resistance; then, zinc sulfate, imidazoline and titanium-silicon particles are combined by a solvothermal method, and zinc atoms coordinate with nitrogen atoms in imidazoline to form a cage-like coordination compound with zinc as the fulcrum and imidazoline as the framework, which has a three-dimensional pore structure, improves the dispersibility of the material in the lubricating oil, reduces agglomeration, and thus indirectly improves the lubricating effect. At the same time, it can continuously enter the contact surface of the friction pair and fill the pits on the worn surface to achieve the anti-friction performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lubricating oils, and specifically to a low-viscosity lubricating oil and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Contact between friction pairs of large construction machinery will inevitably lead to friction and wear, resulting in serious energy consumption and material loss. According to statistics, one-third of the global energy consumption is caused by friction and wear. The energy consumption caused by friction has become a huge challenge for achieving carbon neutrality. Therefore, in modern technology, reducing friction and wear is of extremely important significance. Lubrication technology plays an irreplaceable role in improving the energy efficiency and service life of mechanical equipment.

[0003] Generally, the essence of lubrication technology is to use lubricants, and lubricating oils with stable performance in different environments are the most commonly used lubricants. In recent years, traditional lubricating oils cannot meet the requirements of anti-friction and anti-wear performance of contacting surfaces in relative motion under increasingly severe conditions. Finding high-performance lubricating oil additives has become an effective and reasonable way to improve the performance of lubricating oils. Nanomaterials have received extensive attention in the field of tribology due to their unique structures and properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. Metal-organic framework materials are a new type of porous material, and their good stability and structural tunability have attracted research in the field of tribology. However, single nano-lubricating additives usually have the limitation of poor dispersibility and difficulty in achieving efficient lubrication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-viscosity lubricating oil and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A low-viscosity lubricating oil, calculated by weight fraction, mainly includes 74-86 parts of base oil, 9-11 parts of modified titanium-silicon particles, and 2-4 parts of viscosity index improver.

[0006] Further, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil at 40 °C is 14-30 mm 2 / s, and the kinematic viscosity at 100 °C is 4-10 mm 2 / s, and the viscosity index is 120-130.

[0007] Further, the modified titanium-silicon particles are prepared by a solvothermal method from nano titanium-silicon particles, zinc sulfate, and imidazoline.

[0008] Further, the nano titanium-silicon particles are obtained by melting and combining titanium dioxide with sodium silicate in a spray form in a close-coupled vacuum induction furnace.

[0009] Further, the viscosity index improver is of the model Exxon PT8920.

[0010] Further, a preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil comprises the following preparation steps:

[0011] (1) Load 34 - 58 parts of sodium silicate into a vacuum melting crucible, melt 37 - 61 parts of titanium dioxide to obtain a melt, place the crucible in the furnace, and when the ambient temperature reaches a certain temperature, atomize and spray the melt to obtain nano titanium-silicon particles;

[0012] (2) Disperse 4 - 8 parts of nano titanium-silicon particles in 56 - 110 parts of methanol, add 21 - 43 parts of zinc sulfate and 16 - 32 parts of imidazoline, ultrasonically treat for 20 - 40 min at 25°C and 120 rpm, then transfer to a high-pressure reactor, react at 120 - 140°C for 10 - 24 h, naturally cool to 25°C, place in a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 10 - 16 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6 - 7, and dry in an oven at 50 - 60°C for 12 - 16 h to obtain modified titanium-silicon particles;

[0013] (3) Mix 74 - 86 parts of base oil, 9 - 11 parts of modified titanium-silicon particles, and 2 - 4 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain a low-viscosity lubricating oil.

[0014] Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum melting crucible in step (1) is -0.06 to -0.08 MPa.

[0015] Further, the certain temperature in step (1) is 550 - 650°C.

[0016] Further, the atomization spraying conditions in step (1) are: atomizing medium Ar gas, atomizing pressure 2.5 - 4.5 MPa, atomizing flow rate 21 - 33 m 3 / min.

[0017] Further, the ultrasonic frequency in step (2) is 50 kHz.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention utilizes a tightly coupled vacuum induction furnace to melt and combine titanium dioxide in a spray form with sodium silicate to form spherical nano titanium-silicon particles with a smooth surface, achieving the effect of a rolling bearing, reducing the frictional resistance, significantly improving the lubricating effect and wear resistance of the lubricating oil. At the same time, it can enter the friction surface to form a lubricating film, reducing the surface roughness of the metal and further enhancing the wear resistance. Then, zinc sulfate, imidazoline and titanium-silicon particles are combined by the solvothermal method, and zinc atoms coordinate with nitrogen atoms in imidazoline to form a cage-like coordination compound with zinc as the fulcrum and imidazoline as the framework, which has a three-dimensional pore structure, improving the dispersibility of the material in the lubricating oil, reducing agglomeration, thereby indirectly improving the lubricating effect. At the same time, it can continuously enter the contact surface of the friction pair to fill the pits on the worn surface, achieving the anti-friction performance. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The following will combine the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the method provided by the present invention, the following embodiments are used for detailed description. The test methods for each index of the low-viscosity lubricating oil prepared in the following embodiments are as follows:

[0022] Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C / 100 °C: Take the same mass of the embodiment and the comparative example, and refer to ASTM D445 for testing.

[0023] CCS viscosity: Take the same mass of the embodiment and the comparative example, and refer to ASTM D5293 for testing.

[0024] Wear scar diameter: Take the same mass of the embodiment and the comparative example, and measure for 30 minutes under the conditions of 1800 rpm, an oil temperature of 80 °C and a load of 30 kg according to ASTM D4172. After the test, remove the test ball, measure the wear scar, and measure the wear scar.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] (1) Load 34 parts of sodium silicate into a vacuum melting crucible, evacuate to a vacuum degree of -0.06 MPa, and melt 37 parts of titanium dioxide to obtain a melt. Place the crucible in the furnace. When the ambient temperature reaches 550 °C, spray the melt atomically under an atomizing medium of Ar gas, an atomizing pressure of 2.5 MPa, and an atomizing flow rate of 21 m 3 / min to obtain nano titanium-silicon particles;

[0027] (2) Disperse 4 parts of nano titanium-silicon particles in 56 parts of methanol, add 21 parts of zinc sulfate and 16 parts of imidazoline, sonicate at a frequency of 50 kHz for 20 min at 25 °C and 120 rpm, then transfer it into a high-pressure reactor, react at 120 °C for 10 h, naturally cool to 25 °C, place it in a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 10 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6, and dry in an oven at 50 °C for 12 h to obtain modified titanium-silicon particles;

[0028] (3) Mix 74 parts of base oil, 9 parts of modified titanium-silicon particles, and 2 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain a low-viscosity lubricating oil.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] (1) Load 46 parts of sodium silicate into a vacuum melting crucible, evacuate to a vacuum degree of -0.07 MPa, and melt 49 parts of titanium dioxide to obtain a melt. Place the crucible in the furnace. When the ambient temperature reaches 600 °C, spray the melt under an atomizing medium of Ar gas, an atomizing pressure of 3.5 MPa, and an atomizing flow rate of 27 m 3 / min to obtain nano titanium-silicon particles;

[0031] (2) Disperse 6 parts of nano titanium-silicon particles in 83 parts of methanol, add 32 parts of zinc sulfate and 24 parts of imidazoline, sonicate at a frequency of 50 kHz for 30 min at 25 °C and 120 rpm, then transfer it into a high-pressure reactor, react at 130 °C for 17 h, naturally cool to 25 °C, place it in a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 13 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6.5, and dry in an oven at 55 °C for 14 h to obtain modified titanium-silicon particles;

[0032] (3) Mix 80 parts of base oil, 10 parts of modified titanium-silicon particles, and 3 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain a low-viscosity lubricating oil.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] (1) Load 58 parts of sodium silicate into a vacuum melting crucible, evacuate to a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa, and melt 61 parts of titanium dioxide to obtain a melt. Place the crucible in the furnace. When the ambient temperature reaches 650 °C, spray the melt under an atomizing medium of Ar gas, an atomizing pressure of 4.5 MPa, and an atomizing flow rate of 33 m 3 / min to obtain nano titanium-silicon particles;

[0035] (2) Disperse 8 parts of nano titanium silicate particles in 110 parts of methanol, add 43 parts of zinc sulfate and 32 parts of imidazoline, ultrasonicate at a frequency of 50 kHz at 25 °C and 120 rpm for 40 min, then transfer it into a high-pressure reactor and react at 140 °C for 24 h. After naturally cooling to 25 °C, centrifuge at 3000 r / min in a centrifuge for 16 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 7, and dry in an oven at 60 °C for 16 h to obtain modified titanium silicate particles;

[0036] (3) Mix 86 parts of base oil, 11 parts of modified titanium silicate particles and 4 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain a low-viscosity lubricating oil.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 lies in the difference in step (1). Step (1) is changed to: Disperse 46 parts of sodium silicate and 49 parts of titanium dioxide in 195 parts of water, transfer it into a high-pressure reactor, react at 160 °C for 17 h, after naturally cooling to 25 °C, centrifuge at 3000 r / min in a centrifuge for 13 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6.5, and dry in an oven at 55 °C for 14 h to obtain nano titanium silicate particles. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0039] Comparative Example 2

[0040] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that there is no step (1). Step (2) is changed to: Disperse 6 parts of silicon dioxide in 83 parts of methanol, add 32 parts of zinc sulfate and 24 parts of imidazoline, ultrasonicate at a frequency of 50 kHz at 25 °C and 120 rpm for 30 min, then transfer it into a high-pressure reactor and react at 130 °C for 17 h. After naturally cooling to 25 °C, centrifuge at 3000 r / min in a centrifuge for 13 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6.5, and dry in an oven at 55 °C for 14 h to obtain modified titanium silicate particles. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0041] Comparative Example 3

[0042] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that there is no step (1). Step (2) is changed to: Disperse 6 parts of titanium dioxide in 83 parts of methanol, add 32 parts of zinc sulfate and 24 parts of imidazoline, ultrasonicate at a frequency of 50 kHz at 25 °C and 120 rpm for 30 min, then transfer it into a high-pressure reactor and react at 130 °C for 17 h. After naturally cooling to 25 °C, centrifuge at 3000 r / min in a centrifuge for 13 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6.5, and dry in an oven at 55 °C for 14 h to obtain modified titanium silicate particles. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0043] Comparative Example 4

[0044] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 is that step (2) is absent, and step (3) is changed to: Mix 80 parts of base oil and 3 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain a low-viscosity lubricating oil. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0045] Effect Example

[0046] The following Table 1 gives the performance analysis results of the low-viscosity lubricating oils using Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention.

[0047] Table 1

[0048]

[0049] From the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be found that by using a close-coupled vacuum induction furnace, titanium dioxide is melted and combined with sodium silicate in a spray form to form spherical nano titanium-silicon particles with a smooth surface, achieving the effect of a rolling bearing, reducing the frictional resistance, and significantly improving the lubrication effect and wear resistance of the lubricating oil; from the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 2, it can be found that titanium dioxide can enter the friction surface to form a lubricating film, reducing the surface roughness of the metal and further enhancing the wear resistance; from the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 3, it can be found that sodium silicate is transformed into silicon dioxide at high temperature, which plays the role of a rolling bearing therein, reducing the frictional resistance, significantly improving the lubrication effect and wear resistance of the lubricating oil, and at the same time can enter the friction surface to form a lubricating film, reducing the surface roughness of the metal and further enhancing the wear resistance; from the comparison of the experimental data of Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 4, it can be found that by combining zinc sulfate, imidazoline and titanium-silicon particles through a solvothermal method, coordination is carried out between zinc atoms and nitrogen atoms in imidazoline to form a cage-like coordination compound with zinc as the fulcrum and imidazoline as the framework, which has a three-dimensional pore structure, improving the dispersibility of the material in the lubricating oil and reducing agglomeration, thereby indirectly improving the lubrication effect, and at the same time can continuously enter the contact surface of the friction pair to fill the pits on the worn surface, achieving the anti-friction performance.

[0050] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A low-viscosity lubricating oil, characterized in that, The low-viscosity lubricating oil, by weight parts, comprises 74-86 parts of base oil, 9-11 parts of modified titanium silicate particles, and 2-4 parts of viscosity index improver; The base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 14 to 30 mm 2 / s at 40 °C and a kinematic viscosity of 4 to 10 mm 2 / s at 100 °C, and a viscosity index of 120 to 130; The modified titanium silicate particles are prepared by a solvothermal method from nano titanium silicate particles, zinc sulfate, and imidazoline; The nano titanium silicate particles are obtained by melting and combining titanium dioxide with sodium silicate in a spray form in a close-coupled vacuum induction furnace.

2. A preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil, characterized in that, It includes the following preparation steps: (1) Load 34-58 parts of sodium silicate into a vacuum melting crucible, melt 37-61 parts of titanium dioxide to obtain a melt, place the crucible in the furnace, and when the ambient temperature reaches a certain temperature, atomize and spray the melt to obtain nano titanium silicate particles; (2) Disperse 4-8 parts of nano titanium silicate particles in 56-110 parts of methanol, add 21-43 parts of zinc sulfate and 16-32 parts of imidazoline, ultrasonically treat for 20-40 min at 25 °C and 120 rpm, then transfer to a high-pressure reactor, react at 120-140 °C for 10-24 h, naturally cool to 25 °C, place in a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 10-16 min, wash alternately with deionized water and ethanol until the pH is 6-7, and dry in an oven at 50-60 °C for 12-16 h to obtain modified titanium silicate particles; (3) Mix 74-86 parts of base oil, 9-11 parts of modified titanium silicate particles, and 2-4 parts of Exxon PT8920 viscosity index improver evenly to obtain the low-viscosity lubricating oil.

3. The preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the vacuum degree of the vacuum melting crucible is -0.06 to -0.08 MPa.

4. The preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the certain temperature is 550-650 °C.

5. The preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The atomization spraying conditions in step (1) are: atomizing medium Ar gas, atomizing pressure 2.5-4.5 MPa, atomizing flow rate 21-33 m³ / min.

6. The preparation method of a low-viscosity lubricating oil according to claim 2, wherein In step (2), the ultrasonic frequency is 50 kHz.

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