Circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hardware reliability detection, and discloses a circuit board component missing detection method based on an electrical performance parameter, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the electrical performance parameters of different welding contacts in a circuit board, calculating a resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters, calculating a voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters, and calculating a circuit board component missing detection result according to the voltage parameter ratio mean value. Calculating a current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters, calculating a resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value, calculating a voltage parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value, and calculating a current parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value; according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value, the voltage parameter ratio mean value, the current parameter ratio mean value, the resistance parameter ratio threshold value, the voltage parameter ratio threshold value and the current parameter ratio threshold value, whether the electronic component is missing or not is judged on the basis of a first judgment function, and when it is judged that the electronic component is missing, the missing type is judged on the basis of a second judgment function. According to the method, the fault judgment accuracy of the circuit board components is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hardware reliability detection, and in particular to a circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters. Background Art

[0002] In the field of circuit board inspection, fault detection of parts is the key to ensure the normal operation and reliability of circuit boards. Faults or failures of circuit boards can cause abnormal function of equipment and even cause serious problems such as short circuits or open circuits. Therefore, how to accurately detect the lack of parts and troubleshoot in time has become an important technical problem in the field of circuit board inspection. At present, the accuracy and applicability of the detection method directly affect the quality of circuit board production and maintenance in an existing technology.

[0003] In the prior art, a method for detecting missing components using resistance values ​​discloses a technique for detecting missing components using resistances. However, this method is only applicable to circuit boards composed of resistors, and cannot be effectively applied to circuit boards containing inductors. Moreover, this method ignores the difference in electrical performance between components in normal operation and in short-circuit and open-circuit states, so the detection results are not comprehensive enough. In addition, the image-based missing component detection method and the PCB image-based detection method proposed in this technology have high detection accuracy, but due to the limitation that image detection cannot distinguish between open circuits, short circuits and other fault conditions, the accuracy of fault type judgment is low, and it is difficult to meet the detection requirements for multiple fault types. Therefore, the existing methods have obvious deficiencies in applicability, accuracy of fault type judgment, and comprehensiveness of detection.

[0004] In summary, the component missing method based on resistance detection has limited applicability and is only applicable to resistor elements. It lacks applicability for circuit boards containing multiple components such as inductors, and fails to consider the differences in electrical performance of components under different fault conditions. In addition, although the image detection method in the prior art has high detection accuracy, it cannot effectively identify different fault types, especially it cannot determine what type of electronic component is missing and thus cause the fault. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the missing of various components on the circuit board cannot be accurately detected.

[0006] In a first aspect, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board; wherein the electrical performance parameters include voltage values ​​and current values;

[0008] According to the electrical performance parameters, a resistance parameter ratio mean value is calculated to obtain a resistance parameter ratio mean value;

[0009] According to the electrical performance parameters, a voltage parameter ratio mean value is calculated to obtain a voltage parameter ratio mean value;

[0010] According to the electrical performance parameters, current parameter ratio mean value calculation is performed to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value;

[0011] Calculating a resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a resistance parameter ratio threshold value;

[0012] Calculating a voltage parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a voltage parameter ratio threshold value;

[0013] Calculating the current parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold value;

[0014] Judging whether the electronic component is missing based on a first judgment function according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0015] When it is determined that the electronic component is missing, the missing type is determined based on the second determination function.

[0016] Preferably, the resistance parameter ratio mean value is calculated according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value, including:

[0017] The resistance parameter ratio of the welding contact is calculated by the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, γ xi is the resistance parameter ratio of the i-th welding contact point, β yi is the voltage value of the ith welding contact point, α yi is the current value of the i-th welding contact point;

[0020] The resistance parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, γ xi is the resistance parameter ratio of the ith solder contact point, and n is the total number of solder contacts on the circuit board.

[0023] Preferably, the voltage parameter ratio mean value is calculated according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain the voltage parameter ratio mean value, including:

[0024] The voltage parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, β yi is the voltage value of the ith soldering contact point, and n is the total number of soldering contacts on the circuit board.

[0027] Preferably, calculating the resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the resistance parameter ratio threshold value includes:

[0028] The resistance parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula:

[0029] Δγ=a+b×γ s

[0030] Among them, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and a and b are preset coefficients.

[0031] Preferably, the voltage parameter ratio threshold value is calculated based on the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the voltage parameter ratio threshold value, including:

[0032] The voltage parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula

[0033] Δβ=c+d×γ s

[0034] Among them, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, c and d are the preset coefficients.

[0035] Preferably, the current parameter ratio threshold value is calculated based on the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold value, including:

[0036] The current parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula

[0037] Δα=e+f×γ s

[0038] Among them, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and e and f are the preset coefficients.

[0039] Preferably, judging whether the electronic component is missing based on the first judgment function according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold includes:

[0040] The following first judgment function is used to determine whether the electronic component is missing:

[0041] S1(x)=(γ s -Δγ)·ln(β m -Δβ)+(α m -Δα)

[0042] Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0043] When S1(x)>0, it is determined that the circuit board components are missing;

[0044] When S1(x)≤0, it is determined that the circuit board components are not missing.

[0045] Preferably, when determining that the electronic component is missing, determining the missing type based on the second judgment function includes:

[0046] The type of missing electronic components is determined by the following second judgment function:

[0047]

[0048] γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, g, h and k are weight coefficients;

[0049] When S2 (red) is less than the first threshold, it is determined that the circuit board resistor element is missing;

[0050] When the first threshold is less than or equal to S2(x), and S2(x) is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the circuit board capacitor element is missing;

[0051] When the second threshold is less than or equal to S2(x), and S2(x) is less than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that the circuit board inductance component is missing;

[0052] When S2 (red) is greater than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that multiple components on the circuit board are missing.

[0053] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a circuit board component missing detection method system based on electrical performance parameters, comprising:

[0054] A data acquisition module is used to obtain electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board;

[0055] A resistance parameter ratio mean value calculation module is used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value;

[0056] A voltage parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the voltage parameter ratio mean value;

[0057] A current parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value;

[0058] A resistance parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the resistance parameter ratio threshold value;

[0059] A voltage parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the voltage parameter ratio threshold;

[0060] A current parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0061] A first judgment module, configured to judge whether an electronic component is missing according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold, according to a first judgment function;

[0062] The second judgment module is used to judge the missing type based on the second judgment function when it is determined that the electronic component is missing.

[0063] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements any one of the above-mentioned methods for detecting missing circuit board components based on electrical performance parameters.

[0064] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of the above-mentioned methods for detecting missing circuit board components based on electrical performance parameters.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the method obtains the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean and the current parameter ratio mean by obtaining the electrical performance parameters, obtains the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold by using the resistance parameter ratio mean, detects whether the component is missing by using the first judgment function, and determines the missing type by using the second judgment function. The method improves the detection accuracy and solves the problem that the prior art cannot accurately detect the missing of multiple components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a circuit board component missing detection system based on electrical performance parameters provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S11, obtaining electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board;

[0071] S12, calculating the resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value;

[0072] S13, calculating a voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain a voltage parameter ratio mean value;

[0073] S14, calculating the current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value;

[0074] S15, calculating a resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a resistance parameter ratio threshold value;

[0075] S16, calculating a voltage parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a voltage parameter ratio threshold value;

[0076] S17, calculating a current parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a current parameter ratio threshold value;

[0077] S18, judging whether the electronic component is missing based on a first judgment function according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0078] S19, when it is determined that the electronic component is missing, the missing type is determined based on the second judgment function.

[0079] In step S11, electrical performance parameters of different solder contacts in the circuit board are obtained.

[0080] It is worth noting that in step S11, in order to obtain the electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board, that is, the voltage value and current value of each soldering contact, the following specific steps need to be performed in sequence to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data.

[0081] First, place the circuit board to be tested on a dedicated test platform and secure it to prevent movement or vibration during the test, which would affect the measurement results. Next, connect the power supply to ensure that the circuit board is in normal working condition and maintain the standard operating voltage of the circuit board. In order to ensure the accuracy of voltage and current measurement, it is recommended to use a constant voltage source during the measurement process to prevent voltage fluctuations from interfering with the measurement.

[0082] Then, use a high-precision digital multimeter or electrical performance tester to measure each solder contact on the circuit board. Specifically, the steps for measuring voltage are as follows: touch the positive and negative measurement probes of the multimeter to the two ends of the target solder contact respectively, and ensure that the probes are in firm contact to avoid unstable readings due to poor contact. At this time, read the voltage value of the solder contact on the display and record it accurately. In order to ensure that the measurement results of each solder contact are not affected by external electromagnetic interference, measurements can be performed in a shielded environment, or shielded cables can be used to connect the test equipment to improve the reliability of the data.

[0083] Next, measure the current. Connect the ammeter or test instrument in series in the circuit of the target welding contact point, making sure that the ammeter and the welding contact point form a closed loop to ensure that the current can flow through the measuring device normally. Read the current value of the welding contact point on the instrument display and record it in detail. It is important to note that when changing the measurement position, make sure that the ammeter is correctly connected before each measurement to avoid distortion of the current measurement value due to wiring errors.

[0084] After completing the voltage and current measurement of each soldering contact, the data is recorded and stored in order. The data of each soldering contact contains two key parameters, namely the voltage value and the current value. In order to facilitate the subsequent ratio calculation and analysis, it is necessary to record them in sequence according to the number or position order of the soldering contacts on the circuit board and verify them. All data should be stored in a dedicated database to ensure data security and integrity, and provide accurate raw data support for the subsequent mean and threshold calculation of resistance parameter ratio, voltage parameter ratio and current parameter ratio.

[0085] During the entire measurement process, standardized operating procedures are strictly followed to ensure that each step meets the measurement accuracy and consistency requirements. By executing the above detailed steps, the electrical performance parameters of each solder contact point of the circuit board under the actual working state can be obtained, providing a high-precision data basis for component missing detection.

[0086] In step S12, a resistance parameter ratio mean value is calculated according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain a resistance parameter ratio mean value; including:

[0087] The resistance parameter ratio of the welding contact is calculated by the following formula:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, γ xi is the resistance parameter ratio of the i-th welding contact point, β yi is the voltage value of the ith welding contact point, α yi is the current value of the i-th welding contact point;

[0090] The resistance parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, γ xi is the resistance parameter ratio of the ith solder contact point, and n is the total number of solder contacts on the circuit board.

[0093] It is worth noting that in step S12, by processing the electrical performance parameters obtained in the previous step, the resistance parameter ratio of each solder contact point is gradually calculated, and the average resistance parameter ratio of the entire circuit board is further obtained to provide basic data support for subsequent component missing detection. This step requires accurate calculation of the resistance parameter ratio of each solder contact point and ensures that the final resistance parameter ratio average is representative.

[0094] The specific operation process is as follows: First, for each solder contact on the circuit board, read the voltage and current values ​​of the contact in turn. The voltage value of each solder contact is recorded as β yi , the current value is denoted as αyi , these electrical performance parameters are substituted into the calculation formula of resistance parameter ratio one by one Thus, the resistance parameter ratio γ of each welding contact point is obtained. xi When calculating each resistance parameter ratio, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the voltage and current values, so high-precision test equipment can be used and measurements can be performed under stable environmental conditions to avoid external interference affecting the data.

[0095] Each time the resistance parameter ratio of a welding contact point is calculated, xi Finally, the results are accurately recorded and stored by the number or position of the welding contact. This orderly storage method facilitates subsequent review and statistical analysis, and ensures that the resistance parameter ratio calculation of each welding contact is saved in a complete and clear record for quick retrieval and verification when needed.

[0096] The resistance parameter ratio of all solder contacts is γ xi After all calculations are completed, the process of obtaining the average resistance parameter ratio begins. First, the resistance parameter ratios of each welding contact point are summarized and added one by one to obtain the sum of the resistance parameter ratios. Next, divide this sum by the total number of solder contacts on the circuit board, n, according to the formula Calculate the resistance parameter ratio mean value γ s When calculating the mean, ensure that each resistance parameter ratio is accurately recorded and that no data from any solder contacts is omitted during the summary, thus ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the calculation results.

[0097] Resistance parameter ratio mean γ s The calculation results will directly affect the subsequent missing component judgment, so every step of the operation in the whole process must be accurate. In the process of data calculation and storage, avoid error accumulation, and ensure that all calculation results meet the requirements through multiple checks. In addition, after the calculation is completed, the resistance parameter ratio mean can be checked for rationality to ensure that the mean reflects the overall resistance characteristics of the circuit board to support subsequent threshold comparison and detection judgment. The precise implementation of this step provides key basic data support for the detection of missing components on the circuit board, making the detection results of subsequent steps more accurate and reliable.

[0098] In step S13, a voltage parameter ratio mean value is calculated according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain a voltage parameter ratio mean value; including:

[0099] The voltage parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, βyi is the voltage value of the ith soldering contact point, and n is the total number of soldering contacts on the circuit board.

[0102] It is worth noting that in this step, by calculating the voltage value of each solder contact point on the circuit board, the average value of the overall voltage parameter ratio is obtained to provide a reliable data basis for subsequent missing detection.

[0103] The specific operation process is as follows: First, for each solder contact point on the circuit board, measure the voltage value of each solder contact point one by one, and record the voltage data of each solder contact point to ensure that the measurement data is accurate. The voltage value of the i-th solder contact point is recorded as β yi And record them in sequence for subsequent calculation and analysis.

[0104] The voltage value β at all welding contacts yi After all the data are collected and recorded, the voltage parameter ratio mean value calculation process is started. The voltage values ​​of all welding contacts are added together to obtain the sum of the voltage values, that is, Next, divide this sum by the total number of solder contacts on the circuit board, n, according to the formula Calculate the voltage parameter ratio mean β m

[0105] During the calculation process, ensure that all voltage data are accurate and not missed, and record and summarize them in strict order to avoid any data confusion or errors. After recording and confirming the voltage values ​​of each welding contact point, the calculated voltage parameter is the mean β m It can be used as a representation of the voltage characteristics of the entire circuit board and provide basic data for subsequent testing processes.

[0106] In step S14, a current parameter ratio mean value is calculated according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value; including:

[0107] The current parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, α yi is the current value of the ith soldering contact point, and n is the total number of soldering contacts on the circuit board.

[0110] It is worth noting that in step S14, the current value of each solder contact point on the circuit board is processed through the electrical performance parameters collected in the early stage, and the average value of the current parameter ratio is gradually obtained to provide key current reference data for component missing detection.

[0111] The specific process is as follows: First, for each soldering contact on the circuit board, measure and record the current value of the contact in turn. The current value of the i-th soldering contact is marked as α yi The current values ​​of all welding contact points must be recorded in sequence, and each measurement process must be carried out strictly in accordance with the standard operating procedures to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. The current value of each welding contact point α yi Record in the data table for subsequent calculation and analysis.

[0112] The current value α at all welding contacts yi After all the records are completed, the current parameter ratio α is started. m First, add the current values ​​of each welding contact point one by one to get the total current Then, the sum of the currents is divided by the total number of welding contacts n to obtain the current parameter ratio mean α m The specific calculation formula is When performing the summing operation, the current values ​​of all welding contacts need to be checked repeatedly to ensure that there are no omissions or duplications in the data.

[0113] Current parameter ratio mean α m The calculation results will be used to further determine the overall current characteristics of the circuit board, which will serve as an important reference in the process of component missing detection. To ensure the accuracy of the final mean data, the current parameter ratio mean value needs to be checked for rationality after the calculation is completed to ensure that the results meet the normal working current characteristics of the circuit board, laying a solid data foundation for subsequent detection steps.

[0114] In step S15, a resistance parameter ratio threshold value is calculated according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a resistance parameter ratio threshold value; including:

[0115] The resistance parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula:

[0116] Δγ=a+b×γ s

[0117] Among them, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and a and b are preset coefficients.

[0118] In step S15 , in order to accurately calculate the resistance parameter ratio threshold Δγ, the two preset coefficients a and b need to be reasonably set to ensure that the obtained threshold can clearly distinguish between the normal state and the missing state.

[0119] First, the coefficient a is used to set the reference value of the resistance parameter ratio threshold, and its value must be determined through experimental measurements of standard circuit boards. Specifically, a standard circuit board with no missing components is selected, and multiple electrical performance tests are performed under normal operating voltage. The average resistance parameter ratio of each solder contact point γ is recorded in each test. s . Then, these measurement results are statistically analyzed to determine the maximum value and fluctuation range of the resistance parameter ratio under normal conditions. To ensure that the missing state is not misjudged even under normal fluctuations, the value of aaa should be set slightly higher than the maximum value in these measurement data. For example, if the average value of the maximum resistance parameter ratio obtained from multiple measurements is 4.8, a can be set to 5.0 to provide a certain margin of error, thereby avoiding misjudgment of slight fluctuations in the normal state.

[0120] Next, the setting of coefficient b needs to take into account the tolerance range of components and the sensitivity of detection. The role of coefficient b is to adjust the resistance parameter ratio mean γ s The weight in the threshold value is used to optimize the detection effect according to the tolerance characteristics of different components. If the tolerance of the components on the circuit board is large, for example, the tolerance range is ±5%, the value of b can be appropriately increased to increase the fault tolerance. Specifically, the value of b is set based on the average value of the resistance parameter ratio of different components under normal working conditions and the normal fluctuation range. Assuming that the resistance parameter ratio of the circuit board under different working conditions normally fluctuates within the range of ±0.5, in order to accommodate this part of the fluctuation, b can be set to 1.1 to ensure that changes within this tolerance range will not trigger a missing alarm.

[0121] On the other hand, for circuit boards with smaller component tolerances, such as a tolerance range of ±1%, the sensitivity of detection needs to be increased to identify smaller abnormal changes. In this case, the value of b should be appropriately reduced so that even small changes in the resistance parameter ratio mean can be captured sensitively. The specific method is to measure the fluctuation range of the resistance parameter ratio of the circuit board under smaller tolerance conditions. If the fluctuation is around ±0.1, b can be set to 0.9, so that the calculated threshold is closer to the actual value, ensuring that any changes outside this range can be detected.

[0122] After determining the values ​​of a and b, substitute into the formula Δγ=a+b×γ s , the final resistance parameter ratio threshold Δγ is obtained by calculation. This threshold is used to determine whether components are missing in subsequent steps. Through the above specific settings, it is ensured that the resistance parameter ratio threshold accurately reflects the boundary between normal and abnormal states, avoiding false positives or negative positives, thereby providing reliable data support for subsequent detection.

[0123] In step S16, a voltage parameter ratio threshold value is calculated based on the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a voltage parameter ratio threshold value; including:

[0124] The voltage parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula:

[0125] Δβ=c+d×γ s

[0126] Among them, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, c and d are the preset coefficients.

[0127] It is worth noting that in step S16, the voltage parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the resistance parameter ratio mean value, so as to determine whether the component is missing in the subsequent detection. Setting reasonable coefficients c and d is the key to this step, which directly determines the accuracy and effectiveness of the voltage parameter ratio threshold.

[0128] First, the coefficient c is a reference value for setting the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and its setting needs to be based on measurement data on a standard circuit board with no missing components. Specifically, the voltage parameter ratio of a standard circuit board can be measured under normal working conditions. After obtaining multiple measurement results, the maximum value is slightly increased by a safety margin as the value of c. This setting ensures that even if the voltage parameter ratio fluctuates slightly under normal working conditions, the threshold can still cover these normal fluctuations and will not be misjudged as missing. For example, if the maximum value of the voltage parameter ratio under normal working conditions is 2.5, c can be set to 2.6 to provide an appropriate margin.

[0129] The coefficient d is used to adjust the influence of the resistance parameter ratio mean on the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and its value should be determined according to the tolerance range of the circuit board components. For components with larger tolerances (such as ±5%), the value of d can be appropriately increased to expand the tolerance range of the threshold and avoid normal tolerance fluctuations being misjudged as abnormalities. For example, by measuring the tolerance range of the circuit board multiple times, d is set to 1.2 to ensure that normal fluctuations within the tolerance are not misjudged. If the component tolerance is small (such as ±1%), a smaller d value needs to be set, such as 0.9, so that the threshold is more sensitive to smaller fluctuations, so as to detect subtle abnormal changes.

[0130] After setting the c and d values ​​reasonably, the calculated voltage parameter ratio threshold can accurately reflect the boundary between normal and abnormal in component missing detection, ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0131] In step S17, a current parameter ratio threshold value is calculated according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a current parameter ratio threshold value; including:

[0132] The current parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula:

[0133] Δα=e+f×γ s

[0134] Among them, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and e and f are the preset coefficients.

[0135] It is worth noting that in this step, the current parameter ratio threshold Δα is calculated by setting reasonable coefficients e and f to ensure that the threshold can accurately distinguish the current characteristics of the circuit board in normal and abnormal states, thereby providing a reliable basis for component missing detection.

[0136] First, the coefficient e is a fixed bias value used to determine the benchmark for the current parameter ratio threshold. In order to reasonably set e, multiple tests can be performed on a standard circuit board with no missing components, the current parameter ratio of each solder contact can be recorded, and the maximum value under normal conditions can be calculated. Then, a value slightly higher than this maximum value is selected as the benchmark for e to ensure that small fluctuations under normal conditions will not cause misjudgment. For example, if the maximum value of the measured current parameter ratio is 1.5, e can be set to 1.6, so that even if the current parameter ratio increases slightly under normal working conditions, the missing alarm will not be triggered.

[0137] The coefficient f is used to adjust the resistance parameter ratio mean value γ s The impact on the current parameter ratio threshold is to adapt to the tolerance requirements of different circuit board components. For components with larger tolerances, such as components with a tolerance of ±5%, the value of f is appropriately increased to expand the tolerance of the threshold and avoid current fluctuations within the normal tolerance range being misjudged as missing. For example, through multiple measurements, if it is found that the normal fluctuation range of the resistance parameter ratio is ±0.2, f can be set to 1.1 to make the threshold tolerant to larger fluctuations. For components with smaller tolerances, such as ±1%, it is necessary to increase the detection sensitivity and reduce the value of f to achieve more accurate detection. For example, f can be set to 0.9, making the threshold more sensitive to changes in the current parameter ratio and able to detect subtle anomalies.

[0138] By accurately setting the values ​​of e and f, the calculated current parameter ratio threshold Δα can effectively reflect the difference in current characteristics of the circuit board when components are missing and in a normal state, thereby providing an accurate judgment basis for subsequent detection.

[0139] In step S18, judging whether the electronic component is missing based on the first judgment function according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold; comprising:

[0140] The following first judgment function is used to determine whether the electronic component is missing:

[0141] S1(x)=(γ s -Δγ)·ln(β m -Δβ)+(α m -Δα)

[0142] Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0143] When S1(x)>0, it is determined that the circuit board components are missing;

[0144] When S1(x)≤0, it is determined that the circuit board components are not missing.

[0145] It is worth noting that in step S18, the previously calculated resistance parameter ratio mean, voltage parameter ratio mean and current parameter ratio mean, as well as their respective thresholds, are used to determine whether the electronic component is missing through the first judgment function S1(x). This function integrates the differences in the three key parameters of resistance, voltage and current, and performs mathematical operations based on these differences to determine whether the components of the circuit board are in a normal state.

[0146] The specific steps are as follows:

[0147] First, calculate the resistance parameter ratio mean γ s The difference γ from the resistance parameter threshold Δγ s -Δγ. This difference reflects the deviation of the resistance parameter between the actual measured value and the set threshold. A large positive difference indicates that the resistance parameter is out of the normal range, which is caused by missing components or abnormal performance, so the sign and size of this difference are crucial to the judgment.

[0148] Next, calculate the voltage parameter ratio mean β m The difference β from the voltage parameter threshold Δβ m -Δβ, and substitute it into the logarithmic function ln(β m -Δβ). The logarithmic function is used to amplify the effect of changes in voltage parameters, making the voltage anomaly beyond the threshold range more significant. Since the logarithmic function is very sensitive to small positive values, this term will produce a larger value when the voltage parameter deviates from the threshold, thereby enhancing the detection effect of voltage anomalies.

[0149] Then, calculate the current parameter ratio mean α m The difference α from the current parameter threshold Δα m-Δα. This difference is used to evaluate the degree of deviation of the current parameter. If the current parameter is higher than the mean value and the threshold, it means that the working state of the circuit board is abnormal, which further supports the judgment of missing components.

[0150] Substitute the above three differences into the first judgment function S1(x)=(γ s -Δγ)·ln(β m -Δβ)+(α m -Δα). This judgment function combines the deviation information of resistance, voltage and current parameters, and integrates the influence of each parameter into a judgment result through multiplication and addition operations.

[0151] Finally, the calculation result of S1(x) is used to make a judgment: when S1(x)>0, it indicates that at least one or more parameters are out of the normal range, which means that the resistance, voltage or current characteristics are abnormal. At this time, it can be determined that there are missing components on the circuit board. When S1(x)≤0, it means that all parameters are within the threshold range and there is no abnormal deviation, so it is determined that the components on the circuit board are intact.

[0152] This comprehensive judgment method based on multiple electrical performance parameters can provide higher accuracy. By integrating the deviation information of resistance, voltage and current, it effectively improves the reliability of component missing detection, allowing the system to accurately judge the status of components in complex circuit working environments.

[0153] In step S19, when it is determined that the electronic component is missing, the missing type is determined based on the second judgment function. This includes:

[0154] The type of missing electronic components is determined by the following second judgment function:

[0155]

[0156] γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, g, h and k are weight coefficients;

[0157] When S2 (red) is less than the first threshold, it is determined that the circuit board resistor element is missing;

[0158] When the first threshold value is less than or equal to S2(x), and S2(x) is less than or equal to the second threshold value, it is determined that the circuit board capacitor element is missing;

[0159] When the second threshold value is less than or equal to S2 (red), and S2 (red) is less than or equal to the third threshold value, it is determined that the circuit board inductance component is missing;

[0160] When S2 (red) is greater than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that multiple components on the circuit board are missing.

[0161] It is worth noting that the determination of the first threshold, the second threshold and the third threshold is based on repeated measurements and precise data analysis of the circuit board under different component missing conditions in the laboratory. To ensure that these thresholds can reliably reflect the characteristics of each component missing state, strict control and large amounts of data collection are required under different experimental conditions, and the upper limit of the characteristic value of each missing type is extracted through statistical analysis, so as to scientifically set the specific value of each threshold. The specific process is as follows:

[0162] First, to determine the first threshold, the resistor element of a standard circuit board is intentionally removed to simulate the state of missing resistors. Subsequently, the resistance parameter ratio mean, voltage parameter ratio mean and current parameter ratio mean in this state are measured independently for multiple times. Each measurement is carried out under strictly controlled experimental conditions to ensure the reliability and consistency of the results. After all measurements are completed, the corresponding second judgment function S2(x) value is calculated, the results of each experiment are recorded, and these S2(x) values ​​are statistically analyzed. Through statistical methods, such as mean calculation, variance analysis, etc., the distribution range of S2(x) values ​​in the case of missing resistors is determined, and the upper limit of the distribution is selected as the first threshold. The selection of this upper limit ensures that when the circuit board is in a state of missing resistor elements, the calculation result of S2(x) will hardly exceed the first threshold, thereby ensuring that the threshold can stably identify the situation of missing resistor elements in practical applications.

[0163] When determining the second threshold, similar steps are taken, but this time the capacitor element is removed to simulate the state of capacitor missing. The circuit board with missing capacitors is placed on the test platform, and the resistance parameter ratio, voltage parameter ratio and current parameter ratio are measured multiple times using the same instruments and parameters to obtain the S2(x) value obtained for each measurement. All measurement results are statistically analyzed to determine the distribution range of the S2(x) value in the capacitor missing state. Similar to the setting method of the first threshold, the upper limit of the distribution range is taken as the second threshold. This value is slightly higher than the first threshold, indicating that when the capacitor element is missing, S2(x) is between the first and second thresholds, thereby achieving accurate judgment of the capacitor missing state.

[0164] The setting process of the third threshold is the same as the previous two, but it is for the case where the inductor is missing. After removing the inductor, keep other conditions unchanged, measure the resistance parameter ratio, voltage parameter ratio and current parameter ratio multiple times, and record the corresponding S2(x) value. Perform statistical analysis to determine the distribution range of the S2(x) value when the inductor is missing. Select the upper limit of the distribution range as the third threshold so that when the inductor is missing, the S2(x) value is between the second threshold and the third threshold, ensuring accurate identification of the missing inductor.

[0165] The above three thresholds are supported by a large amount of data to ensure that each threshold can provide a clear demarcation point when the corresponding component is missing. In addition, when S2 (red) exceeds the third threshold, it indicates that there are multiple components missing on the circuit board, thereby triggering the system's early warning of multiple component missing. The setting of each threshold has been experimentally verified and statistically analyzed to ensure high accuracy and reliability in actual detection.

[0166] Reference Figure 2 The second embodiment of the present invention provides a circuit board component missing detection system based on electrical performance parameters, comprising:

[0167] A data acquisition module is used to obtain electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board;

[0168] A resistance parameter ratio mean value calculation module is used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value;

[0169] A voltage parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the voltage parameter ratio mean value;

[0170] A current parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value;

[0171] A resistance parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the resistance parameter ratio threshold value;

[0172] A voltage parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the voltage parameter ratio threshold;

[0173] A current parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold;

[0174] A first judgment module, configured to judge whether an electronic component is missing according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold, according to a first judgment function;

[0175] The second judgment module is used to judge the missing type based on the second judgment function when it is determined that the electronic component is missing.

[0176] It should be noted that the circuit board component missing detection system based on electrical performance parameters provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used to execute all the process steps of the circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters in the above-mentioned embodiment. The working principles and beneficial effects of the two correspond one to one, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0177] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, such as a second judgment program for detecting missing components of a circuit board based on electrical performance parameters. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above-mentioned embodiments of the method for detecting missing components of a circuit board based on electrical performance parameters are implemented, such as Figure 1 Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the modules / units in the above-mentioned device embodiments are implemented, such as the second determination module.

[0178] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.

[0179] The electronic device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a smart tablet. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above components are merely examples of electronic devices and do not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than the above components, or may combine certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0180] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the electronic device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device.

[0181] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module, and the processor realizes various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0182] Wherein, if the module / unit integrated in the electronic device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executed by the processor. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0183] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. In addition, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand and implement it without paying any creative effort.

[0184] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters, characterized in that: include: Obtaining electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board; wherein the electrical performance parameters include voltage values ​​and current values; According to the electrical performance parameters, a resistance parameter ratio mean value is calculated to obtain a resistance parameter ratio mean value; According to the electrical performance parameters, a voltage parameter ratio mean value is calculated to obtain a voltage parameter ratio mean value; According to the electrical performance parameters, current parameter ratio mean value calculation is performed to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value; Calculating a resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a resistance parameter ratio threshold value; Calculating a voltage parameter ratio threshold value based on the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain a voltage parameter ratio threshold value; Calculating the current parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold value; Judging whether the electronic component is missing based on a first judgment function according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold; When it is determined that the electronic component is missing, the missing type is determined based on the second determination function.

2. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value includes: The resistance parameter ratio of the welding contact is calculated by the following formula: Among them, γ xi is the resistance parameter ratio of the i-th welding contact point, β yi is the voltage value of the ith welding contact point, α yi is the current value of the i-th welding contact point; The resistance parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula: Among them, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and n is the total number of solder contacts on the circuit board.

3. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain the voltage parameter ratio mean value includes: The voltage parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula: Among them, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, β yi is the voltage value of the ith soldering contact point, and n is the total number of soldering contacts on the circuit board.

4. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameter to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value includes: The current parameter ratio mean is calculated by the following formula: Among them, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, α yi is the current value of the ith soldering contact point, and n is the total number of soldering contacts on the circuit board.

5. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the resistance parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the resistance parameter ratio threshold value includes: The resistance parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula: Δγ=a+b×γ s Among them, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and a and b are preset coefficients.

6. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating a voltage parameter ratio threshold value based on the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the voltage parameter ratio threshold value includes: The voltage parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula: Δβ=c+d×γ s Among them, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, c and d are the preset coefficients.

7. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the current parameter ratio threshold value according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold value includes: The current parameter ratio threshold is calculated by the following formula: Δα=e+f×γ s Among them, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, γ s is the mean value of the resistance parameter ratio, and e and f are the preset coefficients.

8. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of judging whether an electronic component is missing based on the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and the current parameter ratio threshold, based on a first judgment function, includes: The following first judgment function is used to determine whether the electronic component is missing: S1(x)=(γ s -Δγ)·ln(β m -Δβ)+(α m -Da) Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, and Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold; When S1(x)>0, it is determined that the circuit board components are missing; When S1(x)≤0, it is determined that the circuit board components are not missing.

9. The circuit board component missing detection method based on electrical performance parameters according to claim 8, characterized in that: When it is determined that the electronic component is missing, judging the missing type based on the second judgment function includes: The type of missing electronic components is determined by the following second judgment function: Among them, γ s is the resistance parameter ratio mean, β m is the voltage parameter ratio mean, α m is the current parameter ratio mean, Δγ is the resistance parameter ratio threshold, Δβ is the voltage parameter ratio threshold, Δα is the current parameter ratio threshold, g, h and k are weight coefficients; When S2(x) is less than the first threshold, it is determined that the circuit board resistor element is missing; When the first threshold is less than or equal to S2(x), and S2(x) is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the circuit board capacitor element is missing; When the second threshold is less than or equal to S2(x), and S2(x) is less than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that the circuit board inductance component is missing; When S2(x) is greater than or equal to the third threshold, it is determined that multiple components on the circuit board are missing.

10. A circuit board component missing detection system based on electrical performance parameters, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to obtain electrical performance parameters of different soldering contacts in the circuit board; A resistance parameter ratio mean value calculation module is used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the resistance parameter ratio mean value; A voltage parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the voltage parameter ratio mean value; A current parameter ratio mean value calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio mean value according to the electrical performance parameters to obtain the current parameter ratio mean value; A resistance parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the resistance parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the resistance parameter ratio threshold value; A voltage parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the voltage parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the voltage parameter ratio threshold; A current parameter ratio threshold calculation module, used to calculate the current parameter ratio threshold according to the resistance parameter ratio mean value to obtain the current parameter ratio threshold; A first judgment module, configured to judge whether an electronic component is missing according to the resistance parameter ratio mean, the voltage parameter ratio mean, the current parameter ratio mean, the resistance parameter ratio threshold, the voltage parameter ratio threshold and the current parameter ratio threshold, according to a first judgment function; The second judgment module is used to judge the missing type based on the second judgment function when it is determined that the electronic component is missing.

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