Complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling, and in particular to a complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology, comprising: a modeling acquisition module, used for acquiring a to-be-modeled area input in real time, and detecting a topographic map corresponding to the to-be-modeled area; a topographic annotation module, used for determining the position, the boundary shape and the topographic features of each boundary point on the topographic map; a boundary extraction module, used for extracting the boundary features corresponding to each boundary shape, determining the extendable distance on each boundary point and the splicing features after extension; a boundary verification module, used for verifying the splicing features corresponding to the acquired boundary points, determining the feature areas corresponding to the boundary points on the mine, and determining the acquisition factors of the feature areas; the efficiency and accuracy of geological model generation are achieved, and it is helpful for staff to better understand geological structures and potential risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling, and in particular to a complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, computer technology has been widely used in the field of geological exploration, which can effectively improve the efficiency of geological exploration. Among them, three-dimensional geological modeling mainly refers to the process of generating three-dimensional models using computer image forming technology, and the constructed three-dimensional geological model enables geological workers to clearly observe the ore distribution, reserves and structure of underground geological bodies, which can facilitate subsequent research.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent publication number CN117456122A discloses a three-dimensional geological model generation method and system, which includes: obtaining the area to be modeled input by the user in real time, and detecting the topographic map corresponding to the area to be modeled in real time; detecting a number of terrain features contained in the topographic map in real time, and simultaneously collecting a number of drilling data in each terrain feature, the several terrain features including lakes, mountains and plains; generating a number of local geological models corresponding to each terrain feature in real time according to the number of drilling data, and splicing the several local geological models based on preset rules to generate a target three-dimensional geological model corresponding to the area to be modeled.

[0004] However, the prior art does not perform boundary planning and corresponding verification on the boundary processing of the corresponding geological model, resulting in that after the geological model is constructed by interpolation, the consistency of the corresponding features in the geological model and the accuracy of the boundary points of the generated geological model are easily ignored. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology, including: a modeling acquisition module for obtaining real-time input of the area to be modeled, and detecting a topographic map corresponding to the area to be modeled.

[0006] The terrain annotation module is used to determine the location, boundary shape and terrain features of each boundary point on the terrain map.

[0007] The boundary extraction module is used to extract the boundary features corresponding to each boundary shape, and determine the extendable distance on each boundary point and the splicing features after extension.

[0008] The boundary verification module is used to verify the splicing features corresponding to the acquired boundary points, determine the characteristic areas corresponding to the boundary points on the mine, and determine the acquisition factors of the characteristic areas.

[0009] The model generation module is used to determine the safety distance and safety setting radius of the mining area corresponding to each acquisition factor, generate the contour profile of the characteristic area based on the obtained safety distance and safety setting radius, and combine the contour profiles of the characteristic areas to obtain the local geological model corresponding to the mine.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention reduces the time and errors of manual processing and improves the efficiency and accuracy of data processing through automated processes; comprehensively considers various geological characteristics and provides a more comprehensive and detailed geological model, which helps to better understand the geological structure and potential risks; determines the safety distance and sets the radius through scientific methods, reduces the safety hazards in mining operations and ensures the safety of personnel and equipment; the generated local geological model can provide strong data support for mine planning, engineering design and safety management, and help management make more scientific and accurate decisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a system framework diagram of a complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology.

[0013] Figure 2 It is a system diagram of a complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology.

[0014] Figure 3 It is a logical schematic diagram of a complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used.

[0016] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , a complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology, including: modeling acquisition module, terrain annotation module, boundary extraction module, boundary verification module, and model generation module.

[0017] The modeling acquisition module obtains real-time input data of the area to be modeled; the topographic map data is passed to the terrain annotation module for preliminary annotation work; the annotated topographic map is sent to the boundary extraction module to extract boundary features; the extracted boundary feature data is sent to the boundary verification module for accuracy and consistency inspection; the verified data is passed to the model generation module to create the final geological model.

[0018] The modeling acquisition module is used to obtain the area to be modeled that is input in real time, and detect the terrain map corresponding to the area to be modeled.

[0019] The terrain annotation module is used to determine the location, boundary shape and terrain features of each boundary point on the terrain map.

[0020] The boundary extraction module is used to extract the boundary features corresponding to each boundary shape, and determine the extendable distance on each boundary point and the splicing features after extension.

[0021] The boundary verification module is used to verify the splicing features corresponding to the acquired boundary points, determine the characteristic areas corresponding to the boundary points on the mine, and determine the acquisition factors of the characteristic areas.

[0022] The model generation module is used to determine the safety distance and safety setting radius of the mining area corresponding to each acquisition factor, generate the contour profile of the characteristic area based on the obtained safety distance and safety setting radius, and combine the contour profiles of the characteristic areas to obtain the local geological model corresponding to the mine.

[0023] First, several sampling points are set in the area that needs to be modeled, and drilling is carried out at the sampling points to obtain drilling data. These drilling data can obtain the data of the rock cross-section corresponding to each sampling point, so as to know the distribution of the rock layer in different positions. At the same time, after obtaining the distribution of the rock layer, the entire area that needs to be modeled is processed to verify the distribution of all points in this area and the distribution of these points on the rock layer, so as to establish and timely observe the changes in the equipment set up in the mine and the changes in the rock layer in the mine.

[0024] When the area to be modeled is input in real time, the sampling point positions of the current area to be modeled and the terrain features obtained at each sampling point are obtained. The terrain features include the corresponding elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural features and chemical features at the current sampling point position.

[0025] Elevation: The height of each sampling point relative to a reference datum, which is the basis for building a terrain model.

[0026] Lithology: The type of rock at the sampling point, including information such as rock color, structure, and composition, which is very important for identifying different geological units.

[0027] Degree of mineralization: whether there is mineralization at the sampling point, as well as the type and degree of mineralization; this includes the type, content and distribution of minerals.

[0028] Structural features include: faults: information on the location, direction, dip and inclination of the fault zone; folds: the shape of the folds, the direction of the axis, etc.; bedding: the hierarchical structure, thickness, inclination angle, etc. of the strata; this is very important for understanding the thickness of the rock strata at the sampling point and the related direction.

[0029] Chemical characteristics: The chemical element composition of the sampling point, such as the concentration of metal elements such as gold, silver, copper, and the content of other trace elements. This is used to understand the elements present at the current sampling point and the relative position of the sampling point.

[0030] When detecting the topographic map corresponding to the area to be modeled, the obtained topographic features are analyzed one by one to determine the dividing lines between each topographic feature, and boundary points are extracted based on the dividing lines. The obtained boundary points can be fault boundary points, rock layer boundary points and ore body boundary points, which are used to mark the points on the edges between different topographic features to distinguish the topographic features and divide them into multiple different areas.

[0031] Fault boundary points: Faults are fracture surfaces in the earth's crust, with rock blocks on both sides displaced relative to each other; fault boundary points are points on the edges of these faults, which mark the boundaries between two different geological bodies.

[0032] Rock formation boundary points: There are interfaces between different rock formations, and the points on these interfaces are the rock formation boundary points; the rock formations may be horizontal, inclined, or even curved.

[0033] Ore body boundary points: points in the transition area between an ore body and its surrounding rock. These points are used to define the extent of the ore body and are critical to the assessment of mineral resources.

[0034] At this time, all boundary points that appear will be marked according to their position, the boundary shape formed after the boundary points are connected, and the terrain features of the location of the boundary points, and the corresponding data currently identified will be displayed in the form of a two-dimensional image. After determining that the boundary points can be extended and spliced, the two-dimensional image will be converted into a programming-related three-dimensional grid to obtain the required geological model.

[0035] The implementation method of determining the extendable distance on each boundary point is as follows: for each identified boundary point, the distance between the current boundary point and other boundary points is calculated, and the average value of the distances between all boundary points is used as the extendable distance at this time.

[0036] As for the method of obtaining the splicing features, the maximum change point of the terrain features around the boundary point is obtained by calculating the gradient change and elevation change of the terrain features around the boundary point, and the identified maximum change point is used as the splicing feature at this time.

[0037] The gradient changes of terrain characteristics include the gradient changes of elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics. Based on the gradient changes of elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics, the comprehensive value of the gradient changes of terrain characteristics is calculated.

[0038] The elevation gradient change EG of the current boundary point is shown below.

[0039] Among them, z represents the elevation of the boundary point, and It represents the rate of change of elevation in the x and y directions. is the gradient operator.

[0040] If the current point is at the boundary (x, y), and the elevation is z, then the elevation gradient is expressed as.

[0041] At this time, z x-1 Indicates the elevation of the previous boundary point in the x direction, z x+1 Indicates the elevation of the next boundary point in the x direction, z y-1 Indicates the elevation of the previous boundary point in the y direction, z y+1 Indicates the elevation of the next boundary point in the y direction; at this time, the elevation gradient change is expressed as the average elevation of the adjacent boundary points of the current boundary point to determine the rate of change of the terrain features around the boundary point.

[0042] The lithology gradient change of the boundary point is expressed as follows: the identified lithology data is converted into characteristic values ​​to quantify the lithology change; the ratio of the lithology change to the distance change is taken as the value of the lithology gradient change.

[0043] For example, between the boundary points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), the lithologies are r1 and r2 respectively, then the lithology gradient change IG is expressed as.

[0044] The lithology gradient changes obtained at this time will show the changes between two adjacent boundary points, so that the rock types, structures, and related conditions between different boundary points can be identified, and the changes at different locations.

[0045] The processing method for the change of mineralization gradient is the same as that for the change of lithology gradient. At this time, the mineralization degree is converted into a characteristic value to obtain the change of mineralization degree. The ratio of the change of mineralization degree to the change of distance is used as the value of the change of mineralization gradient.

[0046] For example, between the boundary points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), the mineralization degrees are m1 and m2 respectively, then the lithology gradient change MDG is expressed as.

[0047] At this time, the type and content of the mineral, and whether there is mineralization are set as characteristic values ​​to determine the change in the degree of mineralization between each boundary point at this time.

[0048] The change in structural characteristic gradient is expressed as the ratio of the angular change of the structural characteristic corresponding to the rock trend to the distance change between adjacent boundary points. The calculation method of the structural characteristic gradient change and the chemical characteristic gradient change here is the same as the calculation method used above, so they will not be shown in detail here.

[0049] The angle of rock strike is obtained by identifying the tangent angle of the rock at each boundary point when identifying the structural features, and the difference in angles between each boundary point is used to determine the gradient change of the structural features.

[0050] For the change of chemical characteristic gradient, it represents the ratio of the change value of the chemical composition ratio between each boundary point to the change value of the distance.

[0051] After obtaining the values ​​of gradient changes in elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics, the comprehensive value of the gradient change is calculated as the basis for identifying the gradient change at this time.

[0052] The comprehensive value of gradient change is expressed by normalizing the values ​​of gradient change of elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics to obtain the comprehensive value of gradient change.

[0053] Among them, V represents the comprehensive value of gradient change, EG represents elevation gradient change, IG represents lithology gradient change, MDG represents mineralization gradient change, SFG represents structural feature gradient change, CCG represents chemical feature gradient change, w1 represents the weight of elevation gradient change, w2 represents the weight of lithology gradient change, w3 represents the weight of mineralization gradient change, w4 represents the weight of structural feature gradient change, and w5 represents the weight of chemical feature gradient change.

[0054] For elevation changes, the ratio of the elevation change between two adjacent points to the standard elevation value is recorded.

[0055] The point corresponding to the maximum value of the gradient change and the maximum value of the elevation change at this time is taken as the maximum change point. The maximum change point at this time is the splicing feature that needs to be identified.

[0056] The splicing feature refers to the point or feature that can best match the adjacent boundary point or geological feature in the extension direction of the boundary point; "splicing" here means connecting different geological features to better understand and describe the changes in geological structure. Specifically, the splicing feature can be used to determine the best matching point or feature of the boundary point in the extension direction; at the same time, the obtained splicing feature can reflect the prominent points in the current identified terrain features, which is convenient for the change of the current terrain features, so as to establish a geological model that better meets the needs.

[0057] Suppose that in a mine, by analyzing the extendable distance and splicing characteristics of boundary points, it is found that a certain area has a higher geological risk. The specific application is as follows.

[0058] Determine the extendable distance: Determine the extendable distance of each boundary point by calculating the boundary points; if the extendable distance of a boundary point is short, it indicates that the geological conditions in the area are relatively stable.

[0059] Identify splicing features: Analyze the terrain features around the boundary points and find that there are obvious elevation and gradient changes in the area. Further analysis reveals cracks. At this time, determine the splicing features and find that there is a potential landslide risk in the area.

[0060] Measures to be taken: Add monitoring points in the area to monitor geological changes in real time; adjust mining plans to avoid large-scale mining in high-risk areas; take reinforcement measures, such as using anchors and shotcrete, to improve the stability of the area; through these measures, the safety and mining efficiency of the mine can be effectively improved, and the losses caused by geological risks can be reduced.

[0061] When verifying the splicing features, it is necessary to verify the points on the splicing features to determine the consistency of the terrain features.

[0062] All points with the same terrain features in the splicing features are connected to obtain feature areas. The terrain features in each feature area are relatively consistent, and the elevation and gradient changes are stable.

[0063] The verification method of the splicing feature can be implemented in the following way: obtain the sample points corresponding to the splicing features, collect the time series corresponding to the sample points, obtain the autocorrelation coefficient according to the time series of the sample points, and verify the splicing features according to the autocorrelation coefficient.

[0064] Where S represents the autocorrelation coefficient, T represents the number of time points, t = 1, 2,,,T, L represents the adjustment order, i = 1, 2,,,L, which is used to adjust the value of the autocorrelation coefficient. The value of the adjustment order is always less than the number of selected time points, ω iIt represents the weight coefficient when the adjustment order is i, which decreases as i increases, so as to reduce the impact of the adjustment order when the order increases; e t Represents the residual of the sample point at time t. The residual represents the difference between the value of the currently selected sample point and the standard value. t represents the value of the sample point at time t, e t-i Represents the residual of the sample point at time ti, represents the average value of the residuals of the sample points at time point t, Represents the standard deviation of the sample point residual at time point t, Represents the standard deviation of the sample point residual at time point t-1.

[0065] Based on the obtained autocorrelation coefficient, we can know whether the currently selected splicing feature changes steadily within a certain period of time, and whether the currently verified data can meet the splicing requirements; when the autocorrelation coefficient meets the requirements, select the corresponding acquisition factor; the acquisition factor set at this time is the corresponding rock type, mineral content, and chemical composition of the ore collected in the selected feature area.

[0066] The set safety distance is the safety distance required when collecting ore or other mining work. This is the minimum distance that needs to be maintained in any direction. The safety setting radius represents the safe working range in the current mining area, and generates corresponding profiles based on these safe working ranges, thereby forming a geological model that is convenient for work management.

[0067] The processing method of the local geological model in the model generation module includes: determining the center point corresponding to the acquisition factor according to the acquired acquisition factor, and for the median point of the acquisition factor, selecting the point corresponding to the median value of all acquisition factors as the center point selected at this time, taking the center point of the acquisition factor as the center of the circle, and taking the safety setting radius as the radius of the circle to obtain the safety area corresponding to the acquisition factor; for the safety setting radius at this time, it is necessary to meet the setting value of the safety distance, and the safety area is adjusted according to the value of the safety distance, and the distance in each direction on the safety area meets the safety distance; to determine the relative safety of the current area; the safety area at this time will become a more complex geometric shape.

[0068] The safety areas are connected to generate a joint area of ​​the safety areas, and the boundary lines of the joint area are drawn to obtain a contour profile corresponding to the characteristic area; the contour profile is used as a starting position to construct a local geological model corresponding to the contour profile.

[0069] By setting the safety distance and safety setting radius, safety hazards caused by being too close to unstable geological structures or existing mining activities can be avoided; determining the safety area corresponding to each acquisition factor is helpful to reasonably arrange drilling points, blasting areas, etc., improve mining efficiency and reduce resource waste; the generated contour profile and local geological model provide intuitive visual information, which is convenient for management to understand the underground situation and make scientific decisions; it can identify potential risk areas, such as the location of unstable geological bodies such as fault zones and caves, so as to take corresponding preventive measures.

[0070] Suppose a gold mining company is considering expanding its existing mining area. In order to ensure the safety of the new development area, they first collected detailed geological data of the area, including information such as rock layer distribution, groundwater level height, and historical earthquake activity records.

[0071] Next, engineers set a reasonable safety distance (e.g. 50 meters) and safety setting radius (e.g. 200 meters) based on these data. Then, they selected each key collection point as the center point and drew a circle with the safety setting radius to form a preliminary safety area. After that, they checked whether these circular areas all met the safety distance requirement of at least 50 meters; if not, they adjusted the boundaries until they met the standard.

[0072] Subsequently, all qualified safety areas are combined to obtain a joint safety operation area. On this basis, the outline profile of the entire area to be developed is drawn. Finally, professional 3D modeling software is used to build a local geological model of the area in combination with existing geological data; when building the model, the location of the obtained safety area is mainly used as the starting point, and the existing profiles in these areas are filled according to the position until the overall model is filled.

[0073] With such a model, the management of the enterprise can clearly see where new mining activities are suitable, where there may be higher risks and need special attention, and even simulate the possible results of different mining strategies to make the best choice. In addition, such a model can also help to show the efforts made by the enterprise in safety production to the regulator and strive to obtain the necessary permits and support.

[0074] The processing method for the contour profile also includes obtaining a blasting contour model, identifying a first boundary point corresponding to the actual excavation, and identifying a second boundary point where the boundary shape changes significantly.

[0075] The blasting contour model is used to describe the boundary points that can be formed after blasting at the current location, and compare this boundary point with the previously identified boundary point to determine the boundary point that can produce obvious changes during mineral mining, thereby defining the change in boundary shape.

[0076] The first boundary points are connected in sequence according to the order of blasting to obtain the first boundary line, and the end point of each ended first boundary line is connected with the starting point of the next first boundary line. If the distance between the starting point and the end point of the current first boundary line is less than a preset threshold, the midpoint of the current first boundary line is connected with the adjacent first boundary line to obtain the corresponding first boundary line.

[0077] If there is a second boundary point between the first boundary lines, obtain the shortest distance between the first boundary line and the second boundary point and regard it as the second boundary line; determine the relative distance between the second boundary lines, if the relative distance between the second boundary lines is less than the specified distance value, connect the first boundary line and the second boundary line in sequence according to the size of the elevation, and if the relative distance between the second boundary lines is greater than the specified distance value, use the line segment connecting the midpoints between the first boundary line and the second boundary line as a transition line segment, connect the transition line segment to the first boundary line, and use the connected first boundary line and second boundary line as the contour lines of the contour profile.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention and they are still covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complex geological model generation system based on 3D visualization and GIS technology, characterized by: include: A modeling acquisition module is used to obtain the area to be modeled input in real time and detect the topographic map corresponding to the area to be modeled; A terrain annotation module is used to determine the location, boundary shape and terrain features of each boundary point on the terrain map; A boundary extraction module is used to extract boundary features corresponding to each boundary shape, determine the extendable distance of each boundary point and the splicing features after extension, where the splicing features refer to the points or features that can best match the adjacent boundary points or geological features in the extension direction of the boundary points; The method of obtaining the splicing feature is to calculate the gradient change and elevation change of the terrain features around the boundary point, obtain the maximum change point of the terrain features around the boundary point, and use the identified maximum change point as the splicing feature at this time; The gradient changes of terrain characteristics include the gradient changes of elevation, lithology, mineralization degree, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics. According to the gradient changes of elevation, lithology, mineralization degree, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics, the comprehensive value of the gradient changes of terrain characteristics is calculated; The boundary verification module is used to verify the splicing features corresponding to the acquired boundary points, determine the characteristic areas corresponding to the boundary points on the mine, and determine the acquisition factors of the characteristic areas; When verifying the splicing features, it is necessary to verify the points on the splicing features to determine the consistency of the terrain features; connect all the points with the same terrain features in the splicing features to obtain the feature area; The model generation module is used to determine the safety distance and safety setting radius of the mining area corresponding to each acquisition factor, generate the contour profile of the characteristic area based on the obtained safety distance and safety setting radius, and combine the contour profiles of the characteristic areas to obtain the local geological model corresponding to the mine.

2. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the area to be modeled is input in real time, the sampling point positions of the current area to be modeled and the terrain features obtained at each sampling point are obtained. The terrain features include the corresponding elevation, lithology, degree of mineralization, structural features and chemical features at the current sampling point position.

3. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The implementation method of determining the extendable distance on each boundary point is as follows: for each identified boundary point, the distance between the current boundary point and other boundary points is calculated, and the average value of the distances between all boundary points is used as the extendable distance at this time.

4. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The elevation gradient change is expressed as the average elevation of the neighboring boundary points of the current boundary point; The lithology gradient change is expressed as the ratio of lithology change to distance change as the value of lithology gradient change; The processing method of the mineralization gradient change is the same as that of the lithology gradient change. In this case, the mineralization degree is converted into a characteristic value to obtain the change in the mineralization degree. The ratio of the change in the mineralization degree to the change in the distance is used as the value of the mineralization gradient change. The gradient change of structural features is expressed as the ratio of the angular change of structural features corresponding to the rock strike to the distance change between adjacent boundary points; The change in chemical characteristic gradient represents the ratio of the change in chemical composition ratio between each boundary point to the change in distance.

5. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The comprehensive value of gradient change is expressed as follows: the values ​​of gradient change of elevation, lithology, mineralization degree, structural characteristics and chemical characteristics are normalized to obtain the comprehensive value of gradient change; ； in, Represents the comprehensive value of gradient change, Represents the elevation gradient change, Indicates the lithology gradient change, Indicates the gradient change of mineralization degree. Indicates the gradient change of structural features, Indicates the gradient change of chemical characteristics, represents the weight of the elevation gradient change, represents the weight of lithology gradient change, Represents the weight of the mineralization gradient change, represents the weight of the gradient change of structural features, The weight representing the gradient change of chemical features.

6. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The verification method of the splicing feature is implemented in the following way: obtaining the sample points corresponding to the splicing features, collecting the time series corresponding to the sample points, obtaining the autocorrelation coefficient according to the time series of the sample points, and verifying the splicing features according to the autocorrelation coefficient; ； in, represents the autocorrelation coefficient, Indicates the number of time points, , represents the adjustment order, , Represents the weight coefficient when the adjustment order is i; represents the residual of the sample point at time t, represents the value of the sample point at time t, Represents the residual of the sample point at time ti, Represents the average value of the sample point residuals at time point t, Represents the standard deviation of the sample point residual at time point t, Indicates the standard deviation of the sample point residual at time point t-1.

7. The complex geological model generation system based on three-dimensional visualization and GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The processing method of the local geological model in the model generation module includes: determining the center point corresponding to the acquisition factor according to the acquired acquisition factor, taking the center point of the acquisition factor as the center of a circle, taking the safety setting radius as the radius of the circle, and obtaining the safety area corresponding to the acquisition factor; The safety areas are connected to generate a joint area of ​​the safety areas, and the boundary lines of the joint area are drawn to obtain a contour profile corresponding to the characteristic area; the contour profile is used as a starting position to construct a local geological model corresponding to the contour profile.

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